By: Lucy

What is Ebola?
Ebola Virus Disease = Ebola Haemorragic Fever is a
deadly disease caused by a virus of the family
Filoviridae, genusEbolavirus
There are five identified Ebola virus species
Four of which are known to cause disease in
humans: Ebola virus (Zaire ebolavirus); Sudan virus
(Sudan ebolavirus); Ta Forest virus (Ta Forest
ebolavirus, formerlyCte dIvoire ebolavirus); and
Bundibugyo virus (Bundibugyo ebolavirus).
The fifth, Reston virus (Reston ebolavirus), has
caused disease in nonhuman primates, but not in
humans.

After entering the body, it kills cells, making

some of them explode. It wrecks the immune
system, causes heavy bleeding inside the body,
and damages almost every organ.

Where is Ebola?

There have been 33 Ebola outbreaks

since 1976, but the 2014 outbreak in
West Africa is by far the largest. The
virus has infected thousands of people
and killed more than half of them. It
started in Guinea and spread to Sierra

Howdoyougetit?
Transmission

Howyouwontgetit?
YoucantgetEbolafrom:
Casualcontact,like
sittingnexttoan
infectedperson.Air,
food,andwater
dontcarrythevirus.
Howaboutkissingor
sharingfoodoradrink
withsomeonewho
hasEbola??it
couldbearisk!!since
youmightgethis
salivainyourmouth.

Whatarethesymptoms?
The incubation period, that is, the time interval from infection with
the virus to onset of symptoms is 2 to 21 days. Humans are not
infectious until they develop symptoms.

Diagnosis
Diagnosing Ebola in a person who has
been infected for only a few days is
difficult because the early symptoms,
such as fever, are nonspecific to Ebola
infection and often are seen in patients
with more common diseases, such as
malaria and typhoid feve

Timeline of Infection
Within a few days after symptoms begin

Diagnostic tests available

Antigen-capture enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing
IgM ELISA
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Virus isolation

Later in disease course or after recovery IgM and IgG antibodies

Retrospectively in deceased patients

Immunohistochemistry testing
PCR
Virus isolation

Treatment
No FDA-approved vaccine or medicine
(e.g., antiviral drug) is available for
Ebola.
Supportive care rehydration with oral or
intravenous fluids- and treatment of specific
symptoms, Maintaining oxygen status and
blood pressure, improves survival.

No licensed vaccines are

available yet, but 2
potential vaccines are
undergoing human safety
testing
Recovery from Ebola depends on
good supportive care and the
patients immune response

Prevention and control

Reducing the risk of wildlife-tohuman transmission
Infected fruit bats or monkeys/apes and the
consumption of their raw meat. Animals should
be handled with gloves and other appropriate
protective clothing. Animal products (blood and
meat) should be thoroughly cooked before
consumption

Reducing the risk of

human-to-human
-transmission
From direct or close contact with

people with Ebola symptoms,

particularly with their bodily fluids.
- Gloves and appropriate personal
protective equipment should be worn
when taking care of ill patients at
home. Regular hand washing is
required after visiting patients in
hospital, as well as after taking care
of patients at home.

Outbreak containment
measures
-

including prompt and safe burial of the

dead,
identifying people who may have been
in contact with someone infected with
Ebola, monitoring the health of
contacts for 21 days, the importance
of separating the healthy from the sick
to prevent further spread, the
importance of good hygiene and
maintaining a clean environment

AfterEbola
Ebola survivors have
certain proteins, called
antibodies, in their blood
that may protect them
from the same strain of the
virus for 10 years or more.
But no one knows if they
can get sick from the other
strains.

Its rare, but the Ebola virus can stay in semen for 3
months after a man recovers, so he should avoid sex
or use a condom to keep from infecting others. The
virus can stay in breast milk for 2 weeks after
recovery, so women shouldnt breastfeed during that
time.

Merci pour votre attention