AER202S FLUID MECHANICS Test 3 11 March 2004 4:15 pm - 5:15 pm Closed Book, no aid sheets Non-programmable calculators allowed Instructor: J. W. Davis Family Name: _ Aw Dowss Given Name: _ Gehuions Student #: — FOR MARKER USE ONLY. TOTAL 160 Page [of 8nD a State the Hydrostatic Axiom, and explain in words what it m * (3 marks z 2\i marks G¥ > - playa Ss oe ss On am clement ———_D resulting pressure force ackng on $85 1) acts along a, State Pascal’s Law (i) & preporhoral im mugrelade fo SS, id) & comp resive b) (1 mark) Pressure ab a pert acks equally im alt directions. °) State and explain Archimedes Principle. (2 marks) ‘ volume [eads to Replacing a veleme of Slab with a bedy Qing Pie some < een un taces acting om Phe bedy as were ockog oth aoe 7 se Te nat fce acting ome Venting ov suhmeraed boty om in ag dede Jo Pe wocght of He hyad displaced » and & divecded 4) verKeally Wpwor 4 Contrast the Eulerian and Lagrangian methods of analysis. (2 marks) Lage onaian debermne Joncas om objec j ux Feme be soles fer portion Eulerian: Slik mokom ie gives by describing Hh Glad properties ( preigure, velocity, cle) ag Nels 5 ie aa Lachine of space ancl Hue, e) Explain the difference between surface forces and body forces. (2 marks) CO ——“C™sC—s—C—S——SC—SE a Stud elemedt Body Yorces: Forces , sue or qeavl fy, whieh ave proportional to tle ee ey eee Page 2 af 82) ‘The thrust of a marine propeller is to be measured during “open water” tests at a variety of angular speeds and forward speeds (“speeds of advance”). ‘The Thrust, F 5, is thought to depend on the water density, p, propeller diameter, D, speed of advance, V, acceleration of gravity, g, angular speed, ©, pressure in the liquid, p, and the liquid viscosity, ft. Develop a set of dimensionless parameters to characterize the performance of the propeller. (10 marks) A (g 8h aie Pim) Chee relerene variables: gb, Y Cl Ro SyEBY pial LT = x = Ty- 3b jel 7 a> = Ms * Diol = T a S Page 3 of 83) Arectangular channel of width 3 m contains water to a depth of 2m, The gate at the end of the channel is a parabola, z = x'/2, and a horizontal force, F, is applied 3m above the hinge to keep the gate closed. Ignoring the mass of the gate, and friction in the hinge, find the magnitude of the force required (10 marks) Clasiug moments Ke = Fam Openng moments Me - [xGonds ashe Pressure: pe $9 (2-2) + gq (2 *) SH -pRSS a dr, - - pad * Hp (Fer R da be — Ur —™ONOSNSSsSsFf ose oy L bh > (ee) Eye | Bone 3 Rk & ~(e10) ele fief ; He Joe|da fan sgl) 4 3 3 p vou le \ Typ we sg | Gee eg) Sesh g B = 3gg(4f- Gt) - 354 8 «poo 0-10 = JOS Dem 5 rrr dots 3 '4) Av-tube is rotated about one leg as shown in the figure. Before being rotated, the liquid in the tube fills 0.25 m of each eg, The length of the base of theu-tube is 0.5 m, and each leg is 0.5m Jong. What would be the maximum rotation rate to ensure that no liquid is lost from the outer leg. Hint: (10 marks) Reelkrakon de te rofakenah mekow : For a Mud pa SE, SF, He we pp Sd + sgh - aoe “7p su gb y= - ti tpg Sv > Peta Bt] ake oon tckay ts ig 22g => Pr Stet dle) pe SEB dye + i z2- owt Ay te surkace: BA% A constant volume PL Ona 2 BOS, S Page 5 of §5) Anopen container in the form of a hemisphere of radius R, as depicted in the diagram, is filled with liquid of density p. By direct integration of the pressure forces acting on the surface of the container, verify that the resultant pressure force, F,, acting on the container is equal to the weight of the liquid in the container. (10 marks) 5 A * é ae + (6,9) + Rene sind? R oir sing fF 2 wr Osne? Red & aN 7 = sin sinh f Keer 7 aa of oftr . rege e E Hf - pas pe gg ar> 5g Ret dos SB xt dedF 4 as= (se vy) de oF i 5 bh = Reso swt t To uty > |-Romrovat Reese 0 “pt sno ottt j : a rt—e Lat (stosnpend + oOo co)k = Rene olf T ~ BE ow até q ~ BR sind cernf mae ; ; Fe = je} bsqe cord) (-2°) (core cP rgb ow dy & omy cog he) a. ow ow a io | onde ~| eee 0 Oe oe Jo Jy . mr . sr sous Fo° (se | (eq R co) (sine cog) dt he = easy b | coi psi Po by ; he ee \,0% = tet sy®3) -(Enk’)s9 : we equ e Me Page 6 of & $4 7 2 weight ob liquih in crdainer‘A.u-tube of constant area acts as a water syphon as shown in the figure, Water exits trom 6) the bottom of the syphon (2) as a free jet at atmospheric pressure. Determine, after listing the necessary assumptions, the speed of the free jet, and the pressure at (A), the highest part of the tube. (10 marks) , Te | 1m — 8m Assumptions: ) steady Cow ey 2) neglect frickin 3) comp rescible 4) Slow along a straruline 5) reser veir large compared with tehe z v 4 Vie QB = ms 3° 4 Bernoulli: Py 5 = ® vcd) =e % Ww 2 _ (©1608 © Page 7 of 87) Youare the pilot of @ hot air balloon which has a diameter of ~ 25 m, and a total mass of ~ 250 kg (including yourself). Unfortunately, the burner fails, the air in the balloon cools, the balloon loses its buoyancy and soon reaches a steady downward terminal velocity. (The spherical shape is maintained.) While you are prepared to endure a 3 m/s (11 km/hr) crash, any faster and you will use an emergency parachute. Having watched all of the Shapiro films ‘on drag, you know that the drag coefficient (C, = (F,/A)/@4pV’), A = projected area) of spheres at very high Reynolds Number is ~ 0.2. Will you use your parachute? (Pus kg/m’, fy, = 1.79 x 10° Ns/m*) (5 marks) Ay dewinel speed fF; mM + 250 10> L500 N > C2 O2 Gol Re r(i2s)" = at wt 1 pseo | 491 ea a ys | Bee sas els m/s J oe om ) (225 ke] be ee ake ee chee 2 ee = 1.74 yo® aansuegion “VEY ug Page & of §