Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Bacteria
Organism/class
Strep pyogenes
(GAS)
Strep milleri
Strep pneumo
Strep viridans
General GAS
S. agalactiae
(GBS)
Strep Bovis
(group D)
Staph aureus
Diptheria
Listeria
Pertussis
(whooping
cough)
Mycoplasma
pneumonia
Legionella
pneumophilia
Haemophilus
influenza
Community
acquired
pneumonia
Otitis media,
Buzzwords
treatment
penicillin
Colon malignancies
Vancomycin + ceftriaxone +
steroids, HiB conjugate
vaccine
sinusitis
Moraxella catarrhalis
Vibrio Cholera
Vibrio
parahaemolytic
us
Vibrio vulnificus
Camp jejuni
H. pylori
Diarrhea
Food-borne
infections
ETEC
EPEC
EHEC (O157H7)
Shigella, EIEC
(dysentery)
Salmonella
enterica
Typhoid fever
(Salmonella
typi)
Yersinia
enterocolitica
Klebsiella
UTI
Pseudomonas
auruginosa
Clostridium
perfringens
Tetanus
(clostridium)
Doxycycline, ceftriaxone,
wound debridement, high
mortality
Macrolide antibiotics
Travelers diarrhea
(prophylaxis); supportive
Antibiotics may shorten
diarrhea
Supportive therapy
Botulism
(clostridium)
Clostridium
difficile
Bacteroides
fragiles
Bubonic plague
(Yersinia pestis)
Brucella
Franceisella
tularensis
Anthrax
Pasteurella
multocida
Streptobacillus
monoiliformis
Cap canimosis
Spirochetes
Leptospira
Lyme disease
(Borrelia)
Recurrent fever
(Borrelia)
Syphilis
(treponem)
Bacterial
meningitis
Neisseria
Doxycycline + gentamycin,
long erm antibiotics
meningitides
Neisseria
gonorrhea
Chlamydia
trachomatis
Chlamydia
psittaci
Rocky Mt
Spotted fever,
Ricketts
Rickettsia
typhus group
Ehrlichia
Anaplasma
Q Fever
(Coxiella
brunetti)
Bartonella
henselae
Bartonella
Quintana
Tuberculosis
(mycobacteria)
Leprosy
(mycobacteria)
Bacillus cereus
Actinomyces
Israelis
Nocardia
conjugate vaccine
Ceftriaxone; combine with
azithromycin/doxycycline to
cover chlamydia;
erythromycin ointment in
newborns and for trachoma
sanitation
RIPE combination therapy,
INH for latent disease; PPD
detection
Rifampin, dapsone,
clofazimine
Antibiotics not indicated;
hydration
High dose beta lactam
antibiotics
sulfonamides
Fungi
Organism/class
Candida
Buzzwords
Most common fungal opportunist; germ
tube and pseudo-hyphae on dx, KOH
stain; thrush, curd-like vaginal discharge,
diaper rash, portal vein colonization;
treatment
Fluconazole, except on
glabrata and krusei (use
echinocandin), Ampho B if
severe
Cryptococcosis
Dermatophytes
(superficial
mucoses)
Aspergillus
(ubiquitous)
Zygomycetes
(murcormyosis)
Subcutaneous
Sporotrichosis
Chromoblastomyu
cosis
Phaeohypomycosis
Madura foot
(mycetoma)
Endemic mycoses
Blastomyces
Histoplasmosis
Coccidiodes imitus
Paracoccidiodes
Penicilliosis
Pneumocystis
(PCP)
pneumonia is rare
Douglas Fir trees and San Juan islands,
pigeon and chicken feces; mimics lung
cancer; antiphagocytic polysaccharide
capsule, narrow bud
Tinea class (beard, scalp, groin, body,
feet, nails, nigra), pidra (nodules,
black/white)
Allergic pulmonary: halo sign on CT
Invasive: galactomannan dx in BAL,
crescent sign on CT, 45 hyphae
septation, nodular infiltrate + ground
glass; targets immunocompromised
90 hyphae branching, broad, rare
septation; rhizoids = root-like appendage;
diabetes, immunosuppressed
Traumatic inoculation; chronic infection,
local tissue destruction
Cigar shape + round asteroid cells;
nodular ascension with ulceration of
lymph nodes, Rose handlers disease
Sclerotic bodies on histology, crusted,
warty lesions
Blackened septae, hypae in tissues
Swelling follows sinus tracts, chronic
infection of fascia, muscle, bone
Dimorphic, moulds spores (inhaled)
yeast (disease, pneumonia); primary
pathogens
North Carolina to Wisconsin; histology =
large budding yeast
Mississippi and Ohio river valleys,
Missouri, soil exposure; mimics TB, flulike
American SW desert, acute valley fever;
spherule granulomas, coin lesion on CXR
Mariners wheel on histology; rare in
females
Immigrants from SE Asia
No ergosterol, crackles, progressive
dyspnea; opportunistic, reactivated
during immunosuppression
Oral KI or itraconazole
Surgery, itraconazole,
terbinafine
Surgery, azoles
Surgery, Ampho B x
months
Itraconazole, followed by
Ampho B (for disseminated
disease);
Viruses
Virus/class
HTLV
HIV-1, HIV-2
Buzzwords
Transforms T-lymphocytes (integrating
retrovirus), flower cells, causes acute T-cell
leukemia (ATL) and myelopathy (HAM), causes
abnormally high CD4 counts in HIV patients
GP120 binds to CD4, CCXR4/CCR5, tethered by
GP41; dx w/ EIA+Western Blot and RNA tie-
treatment
No cure or vaccine
chemotherapy and
immunosuppression
Antiretroviral (ARV) against
entry, reverse transcriptase,
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis D
Hepatitis E
HHV-1, HHV2
Varicella
zoster
(HHV-3)
EBV
(HHV-4)
CMV
(HHV-5)
Roseola
(HHV-6)
HHV-7
Kaposis
sarcoma,
(HHV-8)
Papilloma
virus
Polyomaviruses
B19
(parvovirus)
Measles,
rubeola
Rabies
(lyssavirus)
Ebola,
Marburg
(filovirus)
Bunyavirus
Arenavirus
Post-exposure prophylaxis
IVIg before symptoms
Quarantine and isolation
Parasites
Organism/cl
ass
Entamoeba
histolytica
Naeglaria
fowleri
Acanthameba
Trichomonas
vaginalis
Giardia
lamblia
Leischmania
Trypanosoma
brucei
Trypanosoma
cruzei
Malaria
(plasmodium
species)
Babesia
Toxoplasma
gondii
Buzzwords
Amoeba
Liver abscesses more common in men; GIAP
lectin adherence; ingested RBCs inside
amoeba, bloody diarrhea
Passes through cribiform plate severe
headache, unusual smells, tastes coma
death
Contaminated contact lens, mild CNS
infection
Protozoa, Luminal flagellates
Most common STD, antigenic variation;
frothy discharge of the vagina
Water contamination (chlorine resistant),
daycare, causes malabsorption and destroys
lactase fatty stool, explosive diarrhea,
bad odor
Protozoa, Blood flagellates
Sandfly tx and dog, amastigote in
phagocytes; cutaneous (face-eating),
visceral (hepatosplenomegaly)
Tsetse fly; sleeping sickness, chancre,
invades CNS; Rhodesian = subacute,
Gambian = chronic
Reduviid bug (excretes in bite); Chagas
disease: heart disease, GI malfunction
(destroys myenteric plexus), South America
Protozoa, blood sporozoa
High, recurrent fevers (lysing RBCs),
anemia, splenomegaly, blackwater fever;
banana gametocytes (P. falciparum), cysts
hiding in the liver (P. vivax, ovale)
Ixodes tick (Lyme disease), histology =
maltese cross, malaise hemolytic anemia
and renal failure
Cats, undercooked red meat, shellfish;
mono-like symptoms, reactivation in
immunosuppressed encephalitis (ringenhancing brain lesion); acute infection in
treatment
Oral metronidazole
Metronidazole, nitazoxanide,
tinidazole
Liposomal amphotericin B
(ergosterol)
Toxic: melarsoprol (arsenic);
suramin, pentamidine if not
in CNS
Toxic (for acute only):
benznidazole, nifurtimox
Pyimethanimne, sulfadiazine
+ folic acid for severe cases
cryptosporidi
um
Isospora belli
Cyclospora
cayetanensis
Microspora
Pinworm
(enterobius
vermicularis)
Whipworm
trichuris
trichuria
Roundworm
(ascaris
lumbricoides)
Hookworm
(Necator
Ancylostoma
duodenale)
Strongyloides
Toxocara
Ancylostoma
braziliense
Trichinella
spiralis
anisakis
Dracunculus
medinensis
Brugia,
wucheria
Loa loa
Onchocerca
volvulus
Beef (taenia
saginta)
Pork (Taenia
solium)
Dwarf
tapeworm
(Hymenolepsi
nana)
Echinococcus
multilocularis
Fish
tapeworm (D.
latum)
Dwarf
tapeworm
(H. Nana)
Schistosoma
S. mansoni
S.
haematobium
S. japonicum
paragonimus
Clonorchis
Fasciola
hepatica
Fasciopsis
buski
Dog-sheep-dog; humans acquire via fecaloral; fluid filled cyst (liver, lung, brain,
heart); rupture is severe
Absorbs vitamin B12 pernicious anemia
w/ neurological complications
Aspiration, surgery;
albendazole
praziquantel
Praziquantel + B12