STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF POWER HOUSE

COMPLEX IN SAINJ H.E.P USING STAAD.Pro V8i

Mr. Revanth Kantheti
M.Tech Structures,
Manipal University,
Jaipur, India.

Mr. Sai Krishna Seela

Managing Director,
AF Consult India Pvt Ltd
Noida, India.

ABSTRACT:
Power House is one of the important component of hydro power projects. These comprises of surface, semi
underground and underground. The current power house which we are analysing now is an underground
power house of SAINJ hydro electric-project which is located on the Sainj River which is a tributary of Beas
River near village Niharni in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh. This study gives a brief idea of
methodology in analysing and designing of the power house when undergone different types of loading
conditions. The critical positions, combinations and applications of loads at required particular locations in it
has been highlighted which was found out after extensive study of the behaviour of structure for all possible
loading cases using STAAD.Pro. This helps in the comparison of final analysed results of any other similar
(geometry, geological location) projects of power houses and get an idea about the obtained results in the
future.

KEYWORDS:
Hydro electric project (H.E.P), STAAD.Pro, Power house, Analysis, Design, Critical combinations,
Recommendations.

I. INTRODUCTION:
The power house complex has installed two units of 50 MW each. The two separate Frame structure
separated by EJ of plan dimensions of 18m long x 16m wide & 19m long x 16m wide as shown in Fig.1 are
proposed to accommodate two units. The power house complex two units are separated by 25mm
expansion joint (EJ) with each other and also with erection bay & control block at the interface by 25mm EJ.
The power house complex frame structure is constructed in two stages. In the first stage only the side

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column (main crane column) and crane beam along with intermediated tie beam will be constructed, while
in the second stage floor slabs, connecting beam, and some additional column will be constructed.

FIG.1: Plan at elevation 1347.8m of power house

II. GEOMETRY OF THE STRUCTURE:

For better understanding and realistic view the 3D rendering view of the structure from STAAD has been
shown in Fig 2.As the two units of power house are symmetrical the critical unit i.e., more in length has
been considered for analysis and the same results will be applied to the other unit. The salient features of the
structure has been briefed below the figure.

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FIG 2: Isometric view of the single unit of power house

III. SAILENT FEATURES:

Crane column size

: 1.0m x 1.0m

Crane beam size (wide x deep)

: 1.0m x 1.2m

Floor column size

: 0.5m x 0.5m

Floor beam size (wide x deep)

: 0.5m x 0.8m

Tie beam size (wide x deep)

: 0.4m x 0.6m

Floor thickness (for all floors)

: 0.4m

IV. SCOPE:
The scope of the present report is limited to the below

Structural analysis and design of concrete elements (crane column & crane beam)

Structural analysis and design of plate elements (floor slabs)

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To check whether the deformation behaviour of frame structure are within allowable range
(expansion joint limit).

To check whether the maximum foundation stresses are within the limit of safe bearing capacity.

V. MATERIAL PROPERTIES:
Concrete of grade

: M30 / M25

Unit weight

: 24 kN/m3

Poissons ratio

: 0.17

Youngs modulus

: 5000fck

Safe bearing capacity of rock (assumed) : 150 T/m2

Characteristic strength of steel (fy)

: 500 N/mm2

VI. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS:

Fixity boundary conditions are assumed along the interface of Turbine/Generator concrete with floor slab as
shown in Fig 3 which is a part of the methodology before analysing the structure.

FIG 3. Fixity condition assumed for the structure

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VII. DEISGN LOADS & COMBINATION:

The following loads have been considered in the analysis:

Dead Load (DL)

Crane Load (CL)

Earthquake Loads (EQ)

1. DEAD LOAD:
Dead load of unit weight of RCC as 25 kN/m3 is assumed.

2. CRANE LOAD:
The load considered for EOT crane mounted at the top of the beam are following

2.1.1 EOT Crane load data (First Stage Model)

Wheel load (static)-Per wheel

196 kN

Wheel load (dynamic-with impact factor)- Per wheel

245 kN

Wheel base

7.0 m

Span of EOT Crane

15.0 m

Number of wheels at one side

4 nos

Longitudinal force due to breaking in LT movement (Per wheel)

12 kN

Transverse force due to breaking CT movement (Per wheel)

12 kN

2.1.2 EOT Crane load data (Second Stage Model)

Wheel load (static)-Per wheel

480.12 kN

Parked Wheel Load (50% static)-Per wheel

240 kN

Wheel load (dynamic-with impact factor)- Per wheel

600.7 kN

Wheel base

7.0 m

Span of EOT Crane

15.0 m

Number of wheels at one side

4 nos

Longitudinal force due to breaking in LT movement (Per wheel)

24 kN

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Transverse force due to breaking CT movement (Per wheel)

24 kN

Floor load at EL. 1347.80 (Operating Floor)

15 kPa

Floor load (each) at EL. 1343.43 & at EL.1339.75

15 kPa

3. EARTHQUAKE LOAD:
Response spectrum of IS: 1893-2002 has been used for seismic analysis. It is assumed that the construction
site falls in Zone IV of earthquake zoning map of ref [2]. As per Ref. [2], the horizontal peak ground
accelerations for Zone IV (Z) is 0.24g. Further 50% reduction in horizontal spectral acceleration has been
assumed, since the structure is underground with hard rock strata.
Vertical seismic coefficient is taken as 2/3 of horizontal acceleration (Ref. [2]). The Importance factor (I),
reduction factor (R) are taken 1.5 & 5 respectively. Further 5% damping is assumed in the structure.

4. LOAD COMBINATIONS:
Following loading combinations have been considered in the analysis of power house complex for both
models.

Self-weight of structure + Crane Load (static load).

Self-weight of structure + Crane Load (dynamic load).

Self-weight of structure + 50% Crane Static (Parked crane Load) + Earthquake load (100 % x
direction + 30% z direction).

Self-weight of structure + 50% Crane Static (Parked crane Load) + Earthquake load (100 % z
direction + 30% x direction).

5. METHODOLOGY:
The methodology adopted in the analysis and design of all the structural components of the structure has
been explained individually as shown below.

5.1 CRANE BEAM

5.1.1 MODELLING & ANALYSIS:
The Crane beam is modelled as member element. Concrete properties of 1m wide & 1.1m deep have been
proposed to crane beam, whereas the remaining 0.1m depth beam dead weight together will rail dead

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weight is applied as line load of 3 kN/m. The crane beam is connected integrally with crane columns.

5.1.2 DESIGN CRITERIA:

Crane beam will be designed for the load combination mentioned in sec 4, where full crane load as
mentioned in sec 2.1.2 will be considered for structural design. The most critical location of the wheel loads
that can induce the maximum vertical bending moment will be located by using moving load option in
Staad-pro. Similarly the most critical location of wheel loads that can induce the maximum shear force will
be located. The depth of crane beam will be checked for the permissible deflection. The Crane beam will be
designed for maximum bending moment, torsion & shear force. The reinforcement will also to be checked
for the lateral bending moment in the crane beam. Ductile detailing will be done for beams as per IS:
13920.

5.2 CRANE COLUMNS

5.2.1 MODELLING & ANALYSIS
The Crane column is modelled as member element. At bottom, the boundary condition of the column has
been proposed as fixed. At top the column is connected integrally with crane beams & other beam location
as shown in above drawing.

5.2.2 DESIGN CRITERIA:

Structural design of Crane column of First stage concrete model will be done for the maximum bending
moments & axial force resulted from two independent analyses. In the first analysis, first stage concrete
model will be analysed for the load combination mentioned in sec 4, where crane load as mentioned in sec
2.1.1 will be considered. In the second analysis, second stage concrete model will be analysed for the load
combination mentioned in sec 5.4, where crane & floor load as mentioned in sec 2.1.2 will be considered.
The Crane Column will be designed for biaxial bending moment & axial load induced by the most critical
load combination from the two independent analyses. At the elevation of crane beam & tie beam, the crane
column should have monolithical connection. Dowels will be left in column of first stage model for later
stage raft & beam construction in second stage concreting. The dowels/reinforcement diameter & spacing
will be done on the basis of structural analysis of second stage full model. Ductile detailing will be done for
columns as per IS: 13920.

5.3 FLOOR BEAMS

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5.3.1 DESIGN CRITERIA:

Intermediate floor beams will be designed for the load combination mentioned in sec 4, where full crane &
floor load as mentioned in sec 2.1.2 will be considered for structural design. The second stage concrete
model is considered for the structural design of intermediate floor beam to calculate the reinforcement in
the beam so as to leave sufficient dowel reinforcement at Crane column interface.

5.4 TIE BEAMS

5.4.1 DESIGN CRITERIA:
Tie beams will be designed for the load combination mentioned in sec 4, where full crane load as
mentioned in sec 2.1.2 will be considered for structural design. The second stage concrete model is
considered for the structural design of tie beam to calculate the reinforcement in the beam as this load
combination will generate maximum bending moments.

5.5 INTERMEDIATE FLOOR COLUMNS

5.5.1 DESIGN CRITERIA:
Intermediate floor Columns will be designed for the load combination mentioned in sec 4, where full crane
& floor load as mentioned in sec 2.1.2 will be considered for structural design. The second stage concrete
model is considered for the structural design of intermediate floor column to calculate the reinforcement in
the column so as to leave sufficient dowel reinforcement.

6. RESULTS
Structural analysis (magnitudes) of individual members are mentioned as below:

6.1 RESULTS FOR CRANE BEAMS

Results of the Design moments and Shear for the Crane beams are presented below in Table 1a & Table 1b.
Table 1a
Design Moments & Shear for Crane Beam (Span 10m)
Factor = 1.5

END 1

END 2

SPAN

Moment type

Hogging

Hogging

Sagging

Factored Moment (kNm)

3330

2310

2895

Factored Shear (kN)

2160

2010

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Table 1b
Design Moments & Shear for Crane Beam (Span 7m)
Factor = 1.5

END 1

END 2

SPAN

Moment type

Hogging

Hogging

Sagging

Factored Moment (kNm)

1650

992

1575

Factored Shear (kN)

1560

1355

6.2 RESULTS OF CRANE - COLUMNS:

Results of the Analysis (factored) of Crane column are presented below in Table 2.
Table 2
Design Moments & Axial force for Crane Column
Moment (My) IN
Moment (Mz) OUT
PLANE kNm
OF PLANE kNm

Factor = 1.5

Axial Force
kN

Top

2145

67.5

1935

Bottom

282

257

1934

Top

1605

69

2220

Bottom

311

242

2213

Column D - Line

Column B - Line

6.3 Results of Floor Beams:

Results of the Design moments and Shear for the floor beams are presented below in Table 3a & Table 3b.
Table 3a: Summary of Design Forces in floor-Beams at EL. 1347.77
Design Moments & Shear for Floor Beam at EL Top
Factor = 1.5

END 1

END 2

SPAN

Moment type

Hogging

Hogging

Sagging

Factored Moment (kNm)

339

302

198

Factored Shear (kN)

203

123

Torsion (kN)

229.5

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Table 3b: Summary of Design Forces in floor-Beams at EL. 1343.40

Design Moments & Shear for Floor Beam at EL Bottom
Factor = 1.5

END 1

END 2

SPAN

Moment type

Hogging

Hogging

Sagging

Factored Moment (kNm)

308

123

161

Factored Shear (kN)

195

105

Torsion (kN)

124.5

6.4 Results for Tie Beams:

Results of the Design moments and Shear for the tie beams are presented below in Table 4a & Table 4b.
Table 4a: Summary of Design Forces in Tie beam
Design Moments & Shear for Tie Beam ( Min. Span)
Factor = 1.2

END 1

END 2

SPAN

Moment type

Hogging

Hogging

Sagging

Factored Moment (kNm)

178

156

12

Factored Shear (kN)

112

107

Table 4b: Summary of Design Forces in Tie beam

Design Moments & Shear for Tie Beam (Max. Span)
Factor = 1.2

END 1

END 2

SPAN

Moment type

Hogging

Hogging

Sagging

Factored Moment (kNm)

113

98

18

Factored Shear (kN)

31

16

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6.5 Results for Intermediate Columns:

Results of the Design moments and Shear for the intermediate column are presented below in Table 5.
Table 5: Summary of Design Forces in Intermediate Column
.

Moment (My)

Moment (Mz)

IN PLANE (kNm)

OUT OF PLANE (kNm)

Top

132

111

366

Bottom

103.5

86

360

Factor = 1.5

Axial Force (kN)

7. FLOOR SLABS:
7.1 DESIGN CRITERIA:
The model of the structure has been made by using STAAD Software using plate &Member elements. The
sketch in figure 2 gives the brief overview of the STAAD.Pro. model. Floor slab is modelled as Elastic mat
foundation feature in STAAD.Pro. Structural design of Floor slab will be done for the maximum bending
moments (Mx & My). Design has been carried out as per limit state design approach. The reinforcement
provided has been as per the design calculation, but not less than the nominal reinforcement for each
structural member.

7.2 LOAD COMBINATIONS:

The following loading combinations in Table 6, along with load factors shown, have been
Considered in the floor slab analysis:
Table 6: Proposed Load Combination
Load
Combination

Self-Weight

Live Load

Seismic
(X-direction)

Seismic
(Z-direction)

LC-1

1.50

1.50

LC-2

1.20

1.20

1.20

LC-3

1.20

1.20

1.20

LC-4

1.50

1.50

LC-5

1.50

1.50

LC-6

0.90

1.50

LC-7

0.90

1.50

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7.3 SLAB ANALYSIS RESULTS:

The moments obtained in the slabs at each elevation of the power house has been tabulated as shown in
table 7 below:
Table 7: Moments in Floor Slabs
SPAN

EL.1339.75m

EL.1343.43m

EL.1347.80m

52

75

75

39

56

56

End-span negative moment

(kNm/m)
Mid-span positive moment
(kNm/m)

7.4 DESIGN RESULTS:

The reinforcement details of floor slabs after designing accordingly for the obtained moments are as shown
below:
Table 8: Reinforcement details
SL. No.

Description

Reinforcement

Floor Slab at EL. 1339.75m

EL.1343.43m & EL.1347.80m

1 layer of 16mm @ 250c/c

Both ways Each
(Top & Bottom)

NOTE:
Components are designed accordingly by the obtained magnitudes of analysis results with the help of
spread sheets and sufficient reinforcement is provided and mentioned in the detailing drawings for
execution in the site for future reference and usage.

8. CONCLUSIONS:
Based on the analysis following conclusions can be made:

The proposed reinforcement for various concrete elements is designed for most critical load
combinations.

Continuous raft is provided at the crane column footings.

The maximum vertical deflection in the crane beam (10 m span beam centre to centre) is of 8.2mm
for the critical load combination.

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The maximum horizontal deflection in the frame structure (first stage model) is of 12.5 mm for the
critical load combination, which is under allowable limit of 25mm Expansion joint.

The bending moments developed at crane column footing are not significant, therefore Nominal
reinforcement of 20mm dia at 250mm spacing c/c is provided.

9. SOFTWARE USED:
o STAAD.Pro
o Microsoft Excel

10. CODES:

IS 456:2000 ( PLAIN AND REINFORCED - CODE OF PRACTICE )

IS 1893:2002 (CRITERIA FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN OF STRUCTURES)

IS13920 (DUCTILE DETAILING OF RCC STRUCTURES SUBJECTED TO SEISMIC FORCES

)

SP 16 CHART ( DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE TO IS 456 )

IS 4247 PART 1 (STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF SURFACE ELECTRIC POWER STATIONS

DATA FOR DESIGN )

IS 4247 PART 2 (STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF SURFACE ELECTRIC POWER STATIONS

SUPER STRUCTURE )

IS 4247 PART 3 (STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF SURFACE ELECTRIC POWER STATIONS

SUB STRUCTURE

11. REFERENCES:
a) Brown, Gutherie, Hydro Electric Engineering Practice, Blackie & Sons Ltd., London.
b) Dandekar M.M, Sharma K.N, Water Power Engineering, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
c) IS 9761: 1995 Hydropower Intakes-criteria for Hydraulic Design.
d) Varshney R.S. Hydro-Power Structures, Nem Chand & Bros, Roorkee.
e) Creager, W.P and Justin J.D, Hydro Electric Hand Book, John Wiley & Sons.
f) J.Chen,Z.Zhang, and M.Xiao, Seismic response analysis of surrounding rock of underground
powerhouse caverns under obliquely incident seismic waves, Disaster Advances, vol.5, no.4, pp. 11601166, 2012.

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