Definition and Examples of Instructional Media Education According to Experts

Derived due to latin media happens to firmly be the plural of medium that literally
suggests that intermediary or introduction is an intermediary or introductory
message onto the recipient what it s all about supply. simultaneously of teaching
and learning within the whole classroom, media suggests that that functions
currently being a suggests that of channeling knowledge from teacher to students.
learning model application fluency bit additional determined too by learning media
used. a few specialists supply a definition of instructional media. the use of
instructional media in quantitative and qualitative research is additionally a very
important live simultaneously of proving the hypothesis. schramm ( 1977 ) urged
that learning media happens to firmly be the messenger of technology which will be
applied for learning purposes.

Meanwhile, briggs ( 1977 ) argues that learning may be a suggests that of physical
media to offer content / learning materials inclusive of books, movies, videos thus
on'>and so forth. meanwhile, the national education associaton ( 1969 ) revealed
that learning may be a suggests that of communication media in print and purpose
of view heard, as well as technology hardware. on your 3 on high of opinion
concluded that the instructional media is something that might well be channeled
messages, will stimulate the mind, feelings, and also the willingness of students so
to encourage the creation of learning method in self-learners.

Brown ( 1973 ) revealed that instructional media are utilized in learning activities
will affect the effectiveness of learning. initially, the media merely serves currently
being a learning tool to teach teachers used was visual aids. around mid-century, to
-20 for utilization of visual features along with the use of audio equipment, thus was
born the audio-visual aids. in line with the event of science and technology ( science
and technology ), notably within the whole fields of education, current use of
assistive devices or media become increasingly widespread learning and
interactive, inclusive of the laptop and internet.
media has many functions, as well as :

Learning media will overcome the restrictions of experience possessed via the
learners. experience of each and every learner differs, betting on the factors that
confirm the childs wealth of experience, inclusive of the availability of books,
melancong opportunities, thus on'>and so forth. learning media will overcome
these differences. if learners might not be brought onto the immediate object being
studied, then obyeknyalah brought to learners. objects noted within the whole kind

of a real, miniature, models, and type an image - an image that might well be
presented in audio visual and audial.
Learning media will transcend the limits on your classroom. a surprisingly large
number of things might not be experienced directly within the whole classroom via
the students on an object, which is certainly caused, as a result of : ( a ) the object
is just too massive, ( b ) the object is just too small, ( c ) the subject is moving too
slowly ; ( d ) objects are moving too fast ; ( e ) the object is just too complicated ;
( f ) that scan too delicate objects ; ( f ) objects containing dangerous and high risk.
across the use of appropriate media, then all objects that might well be presented
to students.
instructional media allows for direct interaction connecting learner and his
environment.
media produces uniformity observations
media will instill the basic concepts correct, concrete, and realistic.
media arouse new desires and interests.
media awaken and stimulate the childs motivation to learn.
the media provides the integral experience / thorough on your concrete onto the
abstract

There may be numerous different kinds of learning media, as well as :

Visual media : graphs, diagrams, charts, charts, posters, cartoons, comics

Audial media : radio, tape recorders, language labs, and also the like
Projected still media : slides ; over head projector ( ohp ), lcd projectors and also the
like
Projected motion media : movies, tv, video ( vcd, dvd, vtr ), computers and also the
like.
Study tour media : learning directly onto the object or study places like museums,
temples, etc..

In line with the event of science and also the use of media, whether or not it's
visual, audial, projected projected still and motion media media might well be

carried out jointly and simultaneously through one device known as multi media.
example : nowadays happens to firmly be the use of computers is projected motion
merely the'>not only in the media, other then will draw on many different kinds of
media who may be interactive.
http://educasi-mediafor.blogspot.com/2013/06/definition-and-examples-of.html

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by the teacher. This is an aspect of the teacher's duty where special skills in
educationaltechnology and psychology of learning will come to his
assistance.Azikiwe (2007:98) identifies at least six guidelines for selecting resource
materials which theEnglish teacher must not lose sight of when planning his /her
lessons. An important criterion forselection and use of resource materials is
availability of the needed materials. In other words,before the teacher decides on
materials to use, s/he must be certain that they are available aswell as accessible to
him/her and the learners. More often than not, the best materials to beused are not
available due to the lack of fund. Herein lies the need for every teacher to
availhim/herself of the skills for improvisation of instructional materials. If the need
arises, thematerials could be improvised.The language teacher does not decide to
use any materials just because it has beentheoretically stated that the materials are
effective for teaching a particular topic, whereas theyare not physically available.
Rather, the availability of the materials should be ascertainedbefore the decision to
use them. Availability implies, therefore, that the resources to be usedmust be
physically provided and made accessible to both teachers and learners as and
whenneeded. Secondly, consideration should be given to the possibility of having
enough formembers of the class to be equitably involved in the class activities.
Furthermore, materialsmight require other special facilities such as recorder, socket,
adaptor and electricity beforethey could be used. The teacher should, therefore,
ascertain that everything needed for the useof materials is available and within
easy reach to him and the learners before it is selected. Thequestion form for this
criterion is Are the needed instructional materials available andaccessible to
teachers and learners?The instructional media to be selected must be relevant to
the objectives as well as to thetarget population (i.e. learners) for whom the
materials are to be used. This is importantbecause the objectives that the materials
are designed to achieve should be similar to thosethat the teacher and the learners
are trying to achieve. Being relevant to the learner meansthat the characteristics of
the learner such as the age, level of attainment or maturation, ability,aptitude and
capability, should all be borne in mind to enable the teacher to select
relevantmaterials for their needs, interest and aspirations. When resources are

relevant to the learnersthey make for easy and meaningful teaching and learning
activities. This criterion could be putin a question form thus: What are the
educational and instructional objectives set out to beachieved using the materials.In
view of the cultural differences between communities, though the curriculum might
be the

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same, resource materials that have been found effective in one cultural context
may not besuitable and effective in another.The teacher, therefore, should
endeavour to select appropriate materials from the communityfor teaching its
learners instead of using materials because they have been used and foundeffective
in other areas. This is especially important for teaching and learning language,
andsome other subjects. Any resources selected for use must be appropriate to the
objectives aswell as to the learners.The question form of the criterion is: How useful
are the resources in terms of the educationaland instructional objectives and the
characteristics of the learners?The physical features of learning resources are a very
important factor for their selection anduse. Physical features here means
attractiveness, durability, size and clarity of the resources.Also, considered under
quality are accuracy, clarity and usefulness of the illustrations, drawingsand
paintings and weight of the materials for ease of handling and storage. All these
factorsshould be considered before selection is made. As a result of the present
economic recession inthe country, efforts should be made to conserve funds by
purchasing resources that are of highquality, and so will last for a long time. The
question under quality is: What are the physicalfeatures of the instructional
materials?In many developing countries that are experiencing economic depression,
the teacher, in theselection of instructional materials should be economical. The
resources should be cheap, butthis does not mean sacrificing quality for cost. The
teacher and learners should find ways andmeans of providing necessary materials
which are very expensive by improvising them, usingavailable local materials.
Furthermore, it will be more economical to invite resource persons tothe schools
rather than take the learners to the person. But when the use of resource materialis
inevitable and the attainment of curriculum objective is jeopardized without it, such
aresource material should be purchased at all cost and properly stored. Other
considerationsunder this criterion are the cost in terms of time and energy to be
expended by the users. Thequestion to be asked therefore is: How much would it
cost in terms of money, time and energyto use the instructional materials?The
Usefulness of Instructional Media in Teaching and Learning of English as a Second
LanguageEnglish as a second language in Nigeria is foreign and very abstract to the
learners, especially asthe language manifests features that are different from our
mother tongues (MTs). The use of instructional media in teaching and learning of
English is, therefore, more imperative than anyother subject.

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The following are some of the indispensable values of instructional materials in the
teaching of English as a second language, as identified by Williams (1990) and
Azikiwe (2007):1. They increase the retention rate of learners; the use of picture or
film for instance willestablish an image more firmly than just listening to the teacher
or reading about it. Theytherefore make learning more permanent.2. They increase
the ease with which teacher teaches and children learn. For instance a
teacher,teaching listening skills could employ the use of recorded speeches played
on cassette player.This is a very useful aid and it can even be used in rural areas
where there is no electricity withthe aid of dry-cell batteries. The aim of this is to
expose the students to variety of voices otherthan that of their teacher. The level of
their listening ability could now be tested by askingquestions on the various
conversations they have listened to.3. They assist teacher to communicate clearly,
accurately and effectively as they serve as goodreference points4. They supply the
experiences which are not easily obtained in the classroom and contribute tothe
efficiency, depth and variety of learning. For instance pictures of air-craft, ships,
boats,lorries, bicycles, motor cycles, donkeys, camels, horses, trains etc could be
used in directteaching of vocabulary related to transportation.5. They relieve the
teacher of the problem of presenting repetitive drill materials. For instance,the use
of flash cards could be employed in teaching vowels and consonants through the
use of minimal pairs.The words are written on the cards with contrasting sounds
underlined and these arepresented to students for practice, e.g.
http://www.academia.edu/4661905/INSTRUCTIONAL_MEDIA_FOR_EFFECTIVE_TEACHI
NG_AND_LEARNING

What I understand,

Instructional media includes all the materials and substantial resouces that an
educator might use to implement instruction and facilitate students' achievement of
instructional objectives.

This may include traditional materials such as chalkboards, Printed material

(handouts, books, worksheets), display boards, charts, slides, overheads, real

objects, and videotape or film, as well newer materials and methods such as
computers, real objects or models, DVDs, CD-ROMs, interactive whiteboard, the
Internet, and interactive video conferencing etc. It facilitates learning or increase
understanding of material and enhances comprehension of the learners.

The common objectives of Instruction Media can be grasping attention, sprouting

interest, support learning with living examples and visual elaboration, making a
learning environment in class, and it also helps in turning learning an enjoying
experience.

As I read somewhere and want to quote here "Tell me and I forget; Show me and I
remember; Let me do and I understand".
major reference
pedagogy: Instructional media

In general, instructional media are seen by educators as aids rather than

substitutions for the teacher. A teacher spends a disproportionate amount of his
time in routine choresin collecting and assigning books and materials and in
markingthat could be partly obviated if aids could be so constructed as to free
him to concentrate on the central job of promoting understanding,...
http://www.britannica.com/topic/instructional-media