Atlas Florae Europaeae

mapping European vascular plants

with 50 x 50 km grid
Pertti Uotila & Raino Lampinen
Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History
University of Helsinki
P. O. Box 7
FIN-00014 University of Helsinki
Pertti.Uotila@helsinki.fi
Raino.Lampinen@helsinki.fi

RATIONALE OF THE ATLAS FLORAE EUROPAEAE

(AFE)
Project began in 1965 to complete the territory level distribution data
of Flora Europaea, the first volume of which was published in 1964.
AFE produces grid maps of the distribution of European vascular
plants (grid cells mostly 50 x 50 km).
So far 3270 maps in 12 printed volumes (1972 - 1999), covering c.
20% of all European vascular plants.
Collaborators throughout Europe; secretariat editing the data in
Helsinki.
Data from all European countries collected on paper and maps
produced manually in vols. 1 - 12.
Currently data collected manually and digitally (special software for
data recording distributed to the collaborators); data inserted into a
database in Helsinki; maps now produced digitally.
Data from scanned printed maps recently extracted by custom
software into an Oracle database.

DATA ENTRY WITH THE AFE DATA EDITOR

The European range of Alyssum alyssoides. Old grid system.

-36

-30

-24

-18

-12

21

21

33

18

33

24

30

42

48

54

60

66

72

78

36
64

56

56

48
-30
40

48

40

40

32

-6

12

18

24

30

36

42

2579
7
18
3
2
48

The European distribution of Fragaria vesca, using the new grid

system. Projection: Lambert conformal conic, central meridian
24 E, standard parallels 42 and 56 N.

WHY A GRID?
Simple concept, relatively easy map production (limited number
of localities); in contrast to point data the large grid cell size
partly hides the uneven knowledge.
When the project started grid mapping had by then become
common in floristic mapping, and the Atlas of the British Flora
(1962; 10 x 10 km maps) was a fresh model; computers and
databases were not available all work was done on paper.
UTM projection and the Military Grid Reference System (MGRS)
were chosen as they covered the whole of Europe, and maps
showing the MGRS grid were available for the whole continent.
1: 1 000 000 maps showing the grid cells boundaries were
distributed to each country.
The AFE grid was adopted by other several faunistic European
mapping projects but all of these did this in a different way!
The grid system was recently changed in order to unify the
mapping of plants and animals (amphibians, reptiles, birds,
mammals, ...), and in order to decrease the great number of
deviations from the general grid pattern in AFE. The old AFE
data has been converted into the new grid system.

 Transverse

UNIVERSAL TRANSVERSE
MERCATOR (UTM) ZONES

Mercator projection
(Gauss-Krger type)
19 6
60 longitudinal zones, each
degree wide
20
Longitude of Origin: Central
meridian (CM) of each projection
21
zone (3, 9, 15, ..., 171, 177,
E and W)
22
Latitude of Origin: 0 (the
Equator).
23
Unit: meter
24
False Northing: 0 meters at the
Equator for the Northern
25
Hemisphere; 10,000,000 meters
26
at the Equator for the Southern
Hemisphere.
27
False Easting: 500,000 meters
28
at the CM of each zone.
29
Scale Factor at the Central
30
31
Meridian: 0.9996.
Latitude Limits of System: From
80S to 84N.
Limits of Projection Zones: The
zones are bounded by meridians,
the longitudes of which are
multiples of 6 east and west of
the prime meridian.

42
41
32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

THE MILITARY GRID REFERENCE

SYSTEM (MGRS)

Beginning at 80
18X
19X
50X
18W
south and
20X
49X
18V
21X
19W
48X
18U
5
22X
proceeding
47X
19V
20W
23X
46X
49
24X
45X
northward, twenty 19U
21W
25X
20V
44X
48W
26X
43X
19T
22W
27X
42X
47W
28X
bands are lettered
C 20U
41X
21V
29X
40X
23W
30X
39X
46W
31X
33X 35X 37X38X
20T
24W
22V
through X, omitting
I 21U
45W
25W
44W
23V
and O. These bands
26W
43W
22U
21T
27W
24V
42W
28W
are all 821Swide
41W
23U
29W
25V
40W
22T
44V
30W
39W
31W
except for band X
38W
26V
32W 33W
37W
24U
43V
34W 35W 36W
21R
27V
23T
22S wide
42V
which is 12
25U
28V
41V
29V
40V
(between
72-84
N). 24T
26U
30V
22R
23S
39V
31V
There 23R
are special
24S
UTM zones between
25S
24R
23Q
0 degrees and 36
26S
degrees longitude
25R
24Q
above 72 degrees
26R
latitude25Qand a
27R
special zone 32
between 5626Qdegrees
and 64 degrees 27Q
north latitude.
28Q

31V

27U

25T

32V

33V

34V

35V

37V

36V

38V

42U

28U
26T

41U

29U

40U

30U

27T

31U
28T

32U

33U

34U

35U

37U

36U

39U

38U

29T

40T

30T

27S

39T

31T

32T

28S

33T

34T

35T
35T

36T

38T

37T

29S

40
30S

39S

31S

28R

32S

33S

29R

34S

35S

36S

37S

38S

30R

39R
31R
32R

29Q

38R
33R

34R

35R

36R

37R

MGRS 100 x 100 km SQUARE IDENTIFICATION

The grid cell names of AFE are derived from the MGRS 100 x 100 km squares.
For instance, square 35VMH is split into 35VMH1, 35VMH2, 35VMH3 and
35VMH4 1 for NW, 2 for SW, 3 for NE and 4 for SE quadrant.

MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS - OLD AFE GRID

4419 grid cells with land in Europe (latest version); does not cover
marine areas.
Cell size: mostly 50 x 50 km, with special adjustments at the UTM
zone boundaries.
Cell boundaries: 50 km UTM-lines and MGRS zone boundaries.
Treatment of partial cells at the UTM zone boundaries: 10 - 20 - 30 40 km rule.
Lots of deviations from the general pattern (coastal grid cells with
little land joined to neighbouring cells; long peninsulas, certain
isolated islands, some mountains and Istanbul given their own grid
cells).
Several minor (coastal areas) or (Greece, Svalbard) major changes
in the old grid system throughout the years (1968, 1972, 1977 and
1993 different basemap versions).
Cell names based on quadrants of the MGRS 100 x 100 km squares.
Geodetic datum: not specified?

The MGRS 50 km lines

TREATMENT OF PARTIAL CELLS AT THE UTM

ZONE BOUNDARY IN THE OLD AFE GRID
RED: Southern edge more than 40 km => independent cell
PURPLE: Southern edge 30 - 40 km => The edge outwards
of the zone extended to the next full 10-km UTM easting.
GREY: Southern edge 20 30 km long => The quadrant
merged with a similar partial cell on the other side of the
MGRS zone boundary.
PALE BLUE: Southern edge 10 20 km long => The partial
cell joined to the adjacent standard one. In cases where this
would result in squares wider than 60 km, the width of the
adjacent standard square is adjusted by narrowing its
western or eastern edge to the next full 10-km UTM easting.
YELLOW: Southern edge <10 km long => The partial cell
joined to the adjacent cell without reducing its width by 10
kilometres.

AFE old grid, general pattern

MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS - NEW AFE (CGRS) GRID

4748 grid cells with land in Europe; covers marine areas (the
grid calculated for 35629 cells in the MGRS zones 24 to 44
(from 42W to 84E) in the northern hemisphere (from the
equator to northing of 9.350.000 metres). Can be extended.
Cell size: mostly 50 x 50 km, with adjustments at the UTM zone
boundaries.
Cell boundaries: 50 km UTM-lines and MGRS zone boundaries.
Extends over terrestrial and marine areas following a certain
pattern, without any deviations for coasts, islands, peninsulas,
mountains, towns etc. Special solutions in the North Sea and at
the boundary of MGRS bands W and X. Treatment of partial
cells at the UTM zone boundaries: 1/3 - 2/3 rule.
Cell names based on quadrants of the MGRS 100 x 100 km
squares.
Geodetic datum: WGS84.

THE PATTERN OF
TREATING THE
PARTIAL CELLS IN THE
NEW GRID
PALE BLUE: If the width
at the S edge of the partial
cell is < 16.7 km => joined
to the adjacent cell in the
same UTM zone
YELLOW: If the width is
between 16.7 and 33.3 km
=> merged with a similar
partial cell on the other side
of the UTM zone boundary
GREEN, RED: If the width
is > 33.3 km => treated as
an independent cell

31TGM132TLS1 32TLS3
32TMS3
No active32TMS1
Legend.
31TGM2 32TLS2
31TGL1
32TKR332TLR1
31TGL2
32TKR4 32TLR2
32TKQ3 32TLQ1

32TKQ4 32TLQ2

32TPT4 32TQT2 33TUN2 33TUN4 33TVN2 33TVN4 33TWN2 33TWN4 33TXN2 33TXN4 33TYN2 34TCT2
32TNS1 32TNS3
32TPS1 32TPS3

32TLS4 32TMS2
32TMS4 32TNS2
32TNS4 32TPS2
32TPS4

32TQS1 33TUM1 33TUM3 33TVM1 33TVM3 33TWM1 33TWM3 33TXM1 33TXM3 33TYM1

32TQS2

33TUM2 33TUM4 33TVM2 33TVM4 33TWM2 33TWM4 33TXM2 33TXM4

34TES2 34TES4
34TDS2 34TDS4
34TCS2 34TCS4

32TLR3 32TMR1
34TER3
32TMR3 32TNR1
34TDR3 34TER1
32TNR3 32TPR1
34TCR3 34TDR1
32TPR332TQR1
34TBR334TCR1
33TTL3 33TUL1 33TUL3 33TVL1 33TVL3 33TWL1 33TWL3 33TXL1 33TXL3 33TYL1
32TLR4 32TMR2
34TER4
32TMR4 32TNR2
34TDR4 34TER2
32TNR4 32TPR2
34TCR4 34TDR2
32TPR432TQR2
34TBR434TCR2
33TTL4 33TUL2 33TUL4 33TVL2 33TVL4 33TWL2 33TWL4 33TXL2 33TXL4 33TYL2
32TLQ3 32TMQ1
32TMQ3 32TNQ1
34TEQ1 34TEQ3
32TNQ3 32TPQ1
34TDQ1 34TDQ3
32TPQ332TQQ133TTK3 33TUK1 33TUK3 33TVK1 33TVK3 33TWK1 33TWK3 33TXK1 33TXK3 33TYK134TBQ334TCQ1 34TCQ3

32TLQ4 32TMQ2
32TMQ4 32TNQ2
34TEQ2 34TEQ4
32TNQ4 32TPQ2
34TDQ2 34TDQ4
32TPQ4 32TQQ233TTK4 33TUK2 33TUK4 33TVK2 33TVK4 33TWK2 33TWK4 33TXK2 33TXK4 33TYK234TBQ4 34TCQ2 34TCQ4

32TKP3 32TLP1
32TLP3 32TMP1
32TMP3 32TNP1
32TNP3 32TPP1
32TPP3 32TQP133TTJ3 33TUJ1 33TUJ3 33TVJ1 33TVJ3 33TWJ1
32TKP4 32TLP2
32TLP4 32TMP2
32TMP4 32TNP2
32TNP4 32TPP2
32TPP4 32TQP2 33TTJ4 33TUJ2 33TUJ4 33TVJ2 33TVJ4 33TWJ2
32TKN3 32TLN1
32TLN3 32TMN1
32TMN3 32TNN1
32TNN3 32TPN1
32TPN3 32TQN1 33TTH3 33TUH1 33TUH3 33TVH1 33TVH3 33TWH1
32TKN4 32TLN2
32TLN4 32TMN2
32TMN4 32TNN2
32TNN4 32TPN2
32TPN4 32TQN2 33TTH4 33TUH2 33TUH4 33TVH2 33TVH4 33TWH2

32T
32T

33T
33T

32TKM3 32TLM1
32TLM3 32TMM1
32TMM3 32TNM1
32TNM3 32TPM1
32TPM3 32TQM1 33TTG3 33TUG1 33TUG3 33TVG1 33TVG3 33TWG1
32TKM4 32TLM2
32TLM4 32TMM2
32TMM4 32TNM2
32TNM4 32TPM2
32TPM4 32TQM2 33TTG4 33TUG2 33TUG4 33TVG2 33TVG4 33TWG2
32TKL3 32TLL1
32TLL3 32TML1
32TML3 32TNL1
32TNL3 32TPL1
32TPL3 32TQL1 33TTF3 33TUF1 33TUF3 33TVF1 33TVF3 33TWF1
32TKL4 32TLL2
32TLL4 32TML2
32TML4 32TNL2
32TNL4 32TPL2
32TPL4 32TQL2 33TTF4 33TUF2 33TUF4 33TVF2 33TVF4 33TWF2
32TKK3 32TLK1
32TLK3 32TMK1
32TMK3 32TNK1
32TNK3 32TPK1
32TPK3 32TQK1 33TTE3 33TUE1 33TUE3 33TVE1 33TVE3 33TWE1
32SKK4 32SLK2
32SLK4 32SMK2
32SMK4 32SNK2
32SNK4 32SPK2
32SPK4 32SQK2 33STE4 33SUE2 33SUE4 33SVE2 33SVE4 33SWE2
32SKJ3 32SLJ1
32SLJ3 32SMJ1
32SMJ3 32SNJ1
32SNJ3 32SPJ1
32SPJ3 32SQJ1 33STD3 33SUD1 33SUD3 33SVD1 33SVD3 33SWD1
32SKJ4

33TYM2

34TES1 34TES3
34TDS1 34TDS3
34TCS1 34TCS3

33TWJ3 33TXJ1 33TXJ3 33TYJ134TBP3 34TCP1

34T
34T

34TEP3
34TDP3 34TEP1
34TCP3 34TDP1

34TEP4
34TDP4 34TEP2
34TCP4 34TDP2
33TWJ4 33TXJ2 33TXJ4 33TYJ2 34TBP4 34TCP2
34TEN3
34TDN3 34TEN1
34TCN3 34TDN1
33TWH3 33TXH1 33TXH3 33TYH1 34TBN3 34TCN1
34TEN4
34TDN4 34TEN2
34TCN4 34TDN2
33TWH4 33TXH2 33TXH4 33TYH2 34TBN4 34TCN2
34TEM3
34TDM3 34TEM1
34TCM3 34TDM1
33TWG3 33TXG1 33TXG3 33TYG1 34TBM3 34TCM1
34TEM4
34TDM4 34TEM2
34TCM4 34TDM2
33TWG4 33TXG2 33TXG4 33TYG2 34TBM4 34TCM2
34TEL3
34TDL3 34TEL1
34TCL3 34TDL1
33TWF3 33TXF1 33TXF3 33TYF1 34TBL3 34TCL1

33TWF4 33TXF2 33TXF4 33TYF2

34TEL4
34TDL4 34TEL2
34TCL4 34TDL2
34TBL4 34TCL2

33TWE3 33TXE1 33TXE3 33TYE1

34TEK3
34TDK3 34TEK1
34TCK3 34TDK1
34TBK3 34TCK1

33SWE4 33SXE2 33SXE4 33SYE2

34SEK4
34SDK4 34SEK2
34SCK4 34SDK2
34SBK4 34SCK2

33SWD3 33SXD1 33SXD3 33SYD1

34SBJ3

34SEJ1 34SEJ3
34SDJ1 34SDJ3
34SCJ1 34SCJ3

32SLJ2 32SLJ4
32SMJ2 32SMJ4
32SNJ2 32SNJ4
32SPJ2 32SPJ4

32SQJ2

33STD4

33SUD2 33SUD4 33SVD2 33SVD4 33SWD2 33SWD4 33SXD2 33SXD4

33SYD2

34SBJ4

34SEJ2 34SEJ4
34SDJ2 34SDJ4
34SCJ2 34SCJ4

32SLH1 32SLH3
32SMH1 32SMH3
32SNH1 32SNH3
32SPH1 32SPH3

32SQH1

33STC3

33SUC1 33SUC3 33SVC1 33SVC3 33SWC1 33SWC3 33SXC1 33SXC3

33SYC1

34SBH3

34SEH1 34SEH3
34SDH1 34SDH3
34SCH1 34SCH3

32SLH2 32SLH4
32SMH2 32SMH4
32SNH2 32SNH4
32SPH2 32SPH4

32SQH2

33STC4

33SUC2 33SUC4 33SVC2 33SVC4 33SWC2 33SWC4 33SXC2 33SXC4

33SYC2

34SBH4

34SEH2 34SEH4
34SDH2 34SDH4
34SCH2 34SCH4

32SLG1 32SLG3
32SMG1 32SMG3
32SNG1 32SNG3
32SPG1 32SPG3

32SQG1

33STB3

33SUB1 33SUB3 33SVB1 33SVB3 33SWB1 33SWB3 33SXB1 33SXB3

33SYB1

34SBG3

34SEG1 34SEG3
34SDG1 34SDG3
34SCG1 34SCG3

32SLG2 32SLG4
32SMG2 32SMG4
34SEG4
32SNG2 32SNG4
34SDG4 34SEG2
32SPG2 32SPG4
34SCG4 34SDG2
32SQG232SQG433STB4 33SUB2 33SUB4 33SVB2 33SVB4 33SWB2 33SWB4 33SXB2 33SXB4 33SYB233SYB434SBG4 34SCG2
32SLF1 32SLF3
32SMF1 32SMF3
34SEF3
32SNF1 32SNF3
34SDF3 34SEF1
32SPF1 32SPF3
34SCF3 34SDF1
32SQF132SQF3 33STA3 33SUA1 33SUA3 33SVA1 33SVA3 33SWA1 33SWA3 33SXA1 33SXA3 33SYA1 33SYA3 34SBF3 34SCF1
32SLF2 32SLF4
32SMF2 32SMF4
32SNF2 32SNF4

34SEF2 34SEF4
34SDF2 34SDF4

THE NEW
GRID THE
W/X
DEVIATIONS
The northernmost grid
cells of the MGRS
zones 32, 34 and 36
(S margin at
7.950.000 metres
north) are cut in the
north so that they end
at the 8.000.000 m
line of the zones 31,
33, 35 or 37. This
concerns four cells in
each of these three
zones. The
southernmost cells in
band X are thus 50 km
"high".

30WWS2

THE NEW GRID THE NORTH SEA

30VVR3

30VWR1

30VVR4

30VVQ3

Between 3 and 6 degrees E

the cells in band 32 extend
south to 6.200.000 m and
north to 7.100.000 m lines of
zone 32. Thus four cells in
31U are shrink in the north
by that line (31UEB1,
31UEB3, 31UFB1, 31UFB3),
and the southernmost grid
cells of 32 belong to band U.
Three cells of band 31W
(31WEM2, 31WEM4,
31WFM2) are continued
down to the 7.100.000 m line
of zone 32. The
northernmost 32V cells
(32VKR1, 32VKR3, 32VLR1,
32VLR2) are 50 km "high".

30VVQ4

30VVP3

30VVP4

30VWR2

30VWQ1

30VWQ2

30VWP1

30VWP2

30VWR3

30VWR4

30VWQ3

30VWQ4

30VWL3

30VXL2

30VWK3

30VWJ4

30VWH3

30UWH4

30UWG3

30UWG4

30UWF3

30VXK1

30VXK2

30VXJ1

30VXJ2

30VXH1

30UXH2

30UXG1

30UXG2

30UXF1

30VXM2

30VXL1

30VWL4

30VWJ3

30VXM1

30VXK3

30VXK4

30VXJ3

30VXJ4

31VCF4

31VCE3

31VCE4

31VCD3

31VCD4

30VXH331VCC1
31VCC3

30UXH431VCC2
31VCC4

30UXG3 31UCB1

31UCB3

30UXG4 31UCB2
31UCB4

31VDF2

31VDE1

31VDE2

31VDD1

31VDC2

31UDB1

31UDB2

32VNR1

32VNR3

32VPR1

32VKR2

32VKR4

32VLR2

32VLR4

32VMR2

32VMR4

32VNR2

32VNR4

32VPR2

32VKQ1

32VKQ3

32VLQ1

32VLQ3

32VMQ1

32VMQ3

32VNQ1

32VNQ3

32VPQ1

32VKQ2

32VKQ4

32VLQ2

32VLQ4

32VMQ2

32VMQ4

32VNQ2

32VNQ4

32VPQ2

32VKP1

32VKP3

32VLP1

32VLP3

32VMP1

32VMP3

32VNP1

32VNP3

32VPP1

32VKP2

32VKP4

32VLP2

32VLP4

32VMP2

32VMP4

32VNP2

32VNP4

32VPP2

32VKN1

32VKN3

32VLN1

32VLN3

32VMN1

32VMN3

32VNN1

32VNN3

32VPN1

32VKN2

32VKN4

32VLN2

32VLN4

32VMN2

32VMN4

32VNN2

32VNN4

32VPN

32VJM3 32VKM1

32VKM3

32VLM1

32VLM3

32VMM1

32VMM3

32VNM1

32VNM3

32VPM1

32VJM4 32VKM2

32VKM4

32VLM2

32VLM4

32VMM2

32VMM4

32VNM2

32VNM4

32VPM2

32VJL3

32VKL1

32VKL3

32VLL1

32VLL3

32VML1

32VML3

32VNL1

32VNL3

32VPL1

32VJL4

32VKL2

32VKL4

32VLL2

32VLL4

32VML2

32VML4

32VNL2

32VNL4

32VPL2

32VJK3

32VKK1

32VKK3

32VLK1

32VLK3

32VMK1

32VMK3

32VNK1

32VNK3

32VPK1

32VJK4

32VKK2

32VKK4

32VLK2

32VLK4

32VMK2

32VMK4

32VNK2

32VNK4

32VPK2

32VJJ3

32VKJ1

32VKJ3

32VLJ1

32VLJ3

32VMJ1

32VMJ3

32VNJ1

32VNJ3

32VPJ1

32VJJ4

32VKJ2

32VKJ4

32VLJ2

32VLJ4

32VMJ2

32VMJ4

32VNJ2

32VNJ4

32VPJ2

32VJH3

32VKH1

32VKH3

32VLH1

32VLH3

32VMH1

32VMH3

32VNH1

32VNH3

32VPH1

32VJH4

32VKH2

32VKH4

32VLH2

32VLH4

32VMH2

32VMH4

32VNH2

32VNH4

32VPH2

31UFB1 31UFB3 32ULG1 32ULG3

32UMG1

32UMG3

32UNG1

32UNG3

32UPG1

31UFB2 31UFB4
32ULG2 32ULG4

32UMG2

32UMG4

32UNG2

32UNG4

32UPG2

31VDL4

31VDK4

31VDH3

31VDG4

31VDF1

31VDC1

32VMR3

31VDG3

31VDG2

31VDD2

32VMR1

31VDH4

31VDG1

31VCF3

32VLR3

31VDJ4

31VDH2

30VXM4 31VCG4

32VLR1

31VDJ3

31VDH1

31VCH4

33

32VKR3

31VDK2

31VDJ2

30VXM3 31VCG3

30VXL4

32W NS4 32W PS2

31VDK3

31VDJ1

31VCH3

30VXL3

31W EM2 31W EM4 31W FM2 32W LS4 32W MS2 32W MS4 32W NS2

32VKR1

31VDK1

31VCK4

31VCJ4

30VXN2

32W NS3 32W PS1

31VDL3

31VDL2

31VCK3

31VCJ3

30VXN1

31VDL1

31VCL4

30VXQ1

33

31W FM1 32W LS3 32W MS1 32W MS3 32W NS1
31W CM4 31W DM2
31W DM4

31VCL3

30VXR2

30VXP2

30VWN4

30VWM4

30VXR1

30VXP1

30VWP4

30VWM3

30WXS2

30VXQ2

30VWP3

30VWN3

30VWK4

30WWS4

31VDF3

31VDF4

31VDE3

31VDE4

31VDD3

31VDD4

31VDC3

31VDC4

31UDB3

31UDB4

31UEB1

31UEB2

31UEB3

31UEB4

CONVERSION BETWEEN THE OLD AND NEW AFE GRIDS

TYPE

CELLS

RECORDS

Old and new cells

identical, except for the
geodetic datum

3404 (77.0 %) old

cells

537722 converted
records (69.7 %)

Old cell splits into two or

more new cells

620 (14.0 %) old

cells => 1296 new
grid cells
2 x 5 cells; 14 x 4
cells; 22 x 3 cells;
582 x 2 cells

185399 converted
records (24.0%)

Land area of the old cell

fully within a new cell,
except for the geodetic
datum

374 (8.5%) old

cells

46646 converted
records (6.0 %)

Land area of the old cell

fully within a new cell

21 (0.5%) old cells

1847 converted
records (0.2 %)

34SFH4
34SFH4

34SFG3
34SFG3

34SFG4
34SFG4

34SFF3
34SFF3

34SFF4

34SGH2

35SNC2

34SGG4

35SKB4
35SKB2

34SGG2

34SGF3

35SKA3
35SKA1

34SGF1

34SGF4

35SLB3

35SMB1

35SMB3

35SNB1

35SLB1

35SKB1

34SGG1

34SGF2

35SLB1

35SKB3

34SGG1

34SGF1

35SLC4

35SMC4

35SKC2

34SGH2

34SGG2

35SLC2

35SKC4

35SMC2

35SKA4

35SLB2
35SLB2

35SLA1
35SLA1

35SLA2
35SLA2

35SLB4

35SMB2

35SMB4

35SNB2

35SLB4

35SLA3
35SLA3

35SLA4
35SLA4

35SMA1

35SMA3

35SNA

35SMA1

35SMA2
35SMA2

35SMA4

35SN

35SMA4

34SFF4

34SFE3

34SGE1
34SGE1

34SGE3

35SKV3

35SLV1

35SLV3

35SMV1
35SMV1

35SMV3
35SMV3

35S

35S

Aderevy
No active Legend.
Aprosovo

Yesenniki

Zasitino
Groshevo

Alol'

Kitovo

Tomeino
Borisenki

Idritsa

Bel'kino
Sebez
Rudnya

Glembochino

Gayevo

Anninskoye

Ale

Il'ichina

Isakovo
Berzno Kolpino

Kn'azevo
Luzhki

Lugi
Staritsy

Malakhovo

Gruzdovo

Babino

Derishino
Trkhalvo

Chernetsovo

Boyarinovo
35VPC2
Ustdolyssy
Baykino Shalakhovo 35VPC4

Il'ino

Novosokolniki
Gorushki

Gul'tyai

Rykshchino
Mukhino
Izrakino

Majevo

Kontsy

Bukrovo
Kudelino Sysoykovo

Al'khimovo

Alushko

Soino Pustoshka

Golostenovo
Ilovets
Bridino
Ogorodtsy
Belyayevo
Gal'yanovo
Bubnova
Apekalova Denisovka
Babkina
Koryakino
Mishino
Platichno
Filiptsevo
Klevtsova
Velikiye Luki
Bykovo
Staraya Toropa
Zhizhitsa
Kunya

Agafonova

Runovo
Pimashkovo
Kopylok

Rechki

Dubrovka

35VNC4
Bol'shoye Krupovo

Fomkina

Anichkovskiye
Alekseyevskoye
Chichachevo

Chernukha
36VUH2
Zhury

Plaksina

Dedushkino

36VUH4

Martjanovo Mulina

Anino

Bubeno

Ravon'
Kraslivitsy

Arestovo

Kozino
Bentsy
36VVH2

Ploshcha

Brikova
Petukhi
Porechye
Agryzkovo
Nesterovo
Krasikovo
Borok
Avchinnikovo
Maloye Ovchino
Magorevo
Olenitsa
Petrovo
Grablino
Karotyshevo
Borovno
Nevel Dgtevo
Morozova Somino
Dolostsy
Barbarovo
Navinko
Antushovo
Minin Stan
Borisogleb
Moseyevo
Lisna
Llino
Klinovo
Khodnovo
Al'fimkovo
Kanat
Kareponovo
Kodotkovo
Kharitonovo
Vashchenichino
Gornevo
Golyashi
Mylinki
Rat'kovo
Khmelishche Baranovo
Minyakovo Knyazhoye
Dubotskoye
Antonovo
Gerasimovo
Milovidy
Buslova
Bakanovo
Stanislavovo
Berzovka
Chervona Luka
Alekseyevka
Korolvshchina
Klyastitsy
Morzhino
Curilovo
Kirzhavy
Morachkovo
Pennoye Dgti
Kamysy
Bol'shoye Pakotino
Bukhor'
Yermoshino Drozdovka
Belaya Bolotnitsa
Krasnopolya
Ol'khovtsy
Selyavshchina
Lisichino
Batagi Nivy
Barsuki
Balbeki
Usvyaty
Kalyutino Pervoye
Belodedova
Dor
Zemtsovo
Barashenki
Dozdy
Maklok
Bulygi
Tarasovo
Zales'ye Gorki
Demchnki
Chukhilina
Andreyenki
Goncharovo
Selezni
Aryutenki
Remni
Dretun
Alekseyevo
Neverova
Zabolot'ye
Frolovo
Gorki
Yanovo
Shmyri
Zhukovshchina
Kholmy Velizh Buyanovo
Arleya
Malashenki
Beloye
Chepli Kharshava
Myamli
Drozdy
Chrnaya Luzha
Karpeki
Bulavki
Baklanovo
Zabor'ye
Boldyshi
Bol'shiye Zamosty
Novo-Aleksandrovskaya
Disna
Kozyani
Novyy Boletsk
Novopolock
Belyany
Vystavka
Sen'kovo
Domniki
Ratskoviny
Polotsk
Gorodok
Baytserovo
Antonopol'
Chernoruch'ye
Zaborje
Belikovo
Vorob'i
Bol'shoy Rassolay
Bulina Grishaki
Surazh
Gorovyye
Skomarosh'ye
Bel'chitsa
Bol'shoye Aretovo
Vetrino
Cheshi Barki
Sirotino
Svistovichi
Dolzha
Goryane
Belyanki
Balyki
Borok
Dolgaya Niva
Ferma
Belaya
Ponizovje Andreyeva Demidov
Janovici
Khotivichi
Gralva
Dvorishche Borovtsy
Antunova
Gubniki
Bojarochtschina
Bakshi
Prozoroki
Manikhi
Bor
Borok
Kovali
Dubrovka
Berezenets
Akatova
Ulla
Podlazniki Vitebsk
Klyarinovo
Dednki
Krasnaya
Ambrosovichi
Fokina
Zamshino
Baksheyeva
Babotki Zicicy
Bela
Ushachi
Chachina
Kublichi
Kartashvichi
Galli
Apol'ye
Selyuty
Sharylin
Gora
Arguny
Bol'shaya Loyna
Matushvo Gorezly
Chernogost'ye
Butezhi
Zhary
Slobodka
Kozintsy
Liozno
Kasplya
Beshenkovichi
Babni
Boboviki
Batalino
Belyy Bor
Kamen
Bocejkovo
Voron'
Rudnya
Bol'shoye Ramshino
Soino
Kiseli
Gonchary
Selo
Borkuny
Pyshno
Tur
Podvoritsa
Bol'shiye Kalinovichi
Bol'shaya Vedren'
Lepel

35UNB3

35UNB4

35UPB1

35UPB2

35UPB3

35UPB4

Karatay

36UUG1

36UUG2

36UUG3

36UUG4

AN EXAMPLE OF CELL BOUNDARY CHANGES

36UUF3

35UNA3

36UUF1 green shading the

Red lines
show the new
grid cell boundaries,
35UPA1
35UPA3
areas where the boundary has changed.

36UVG1

36UVG2

36UVF1

34VEP2

34VEP4

34VFP2

35VMH1
34VEN1
34VEN1

34VEN3
34VEN3

35VLH3

34VFN1

34VEN2

34VEM1
34VEM1

34VEM2
34VEM2

34VEL1

34VEN4
34VEN4

34VEM3
34VEM3

35VMH1

35VLH1

34VFN1

34VEM4
34VEM4

34VEL3

35VLH4

34VFN2

34VFM3

35VMH2

35VLG3

35VMG1
35VMG1

35VMG3
35VMG3

35VNG1
35VNG1

34VFM4

35VLG4

35VMG2

35VMG4

35VNG2
35VNG2

35VMG2

34VFM2

34VFL1

34VFL3
34VFL3

34VEL2

35VNH2

35VMH4

35VLG1

34VFM1

34VFM2

35VNH2

35VMH4

35VLH2

34VFN2

34VFM1

35VNH1

35VMH3

35VMH2
34VEN2

35VNH1

35VMH3

34VEL4

34VFL2

34VFL4

34VEL4

34VFL2

34VFL4

35VLF3
35VLF1

35VLF4
35VLF2

35VMF1
35VMF1

35VMF2
35VMF2

35VMF3
35VMF3

35VMF4
35VMF4

35VNF1
35VNF1

35VNF2
35VNF2

DOES THIS GRID MEET THE NEEDS OF AFE?

Data from national co-ordinate systems (typically grid records from 10 x
10 km or 1 x 1 km squares) has to be transformed into the AFE grid
system:
Excel sheet with conversion functions (within WGS84) distributed to the
national collaborators
some of the national collaborators request for free software for being able to
transform their co-ordinate data into the WGS84 datum
Conversion tables between the 10 x 10 km squares of the national grid
systems (Britain, Germany), place name lists (e.g. municipalities of Finland),
detailed map printouts
grid in digital format (MapInfo, MapInfo export format, ASCII) sent to some
collaborators (not yet publicly available; requests for the grid and free
basemap data very frequent)

Problems in converting the old data into the new grid a compromise
for being able to compare the AFE data with the faunistic data
Cell size varies considerably (in the new grid system even more than in
the old one)
Fixed resolution; mostly no detailed background data available in
Helsinki

LINKING THE AFE AND OTHER SPATIAL

DATA
PRINTED MAPS TO DATABASE
Using the AFE data with other data has become possible only after the distribution
data from printed maps was extracted into a digital database.
FAUNISTIC DISTRIBUTION ATLASES
Old grid data combined with the faunistic atlas data in several papers (using the
Worldmap software of Chris Humphries, Paul Williams and Miguel Araujo; NHM,
London).
In the future, the data collected in or converted to the new grid system can be
directly combined with the faunistic atlas datasets (after their conversion; done at
least for the mammal data).
LINKING WITH OTHER KIND DATA, FOR INSTANCE:
Euro+Med PlantBase (www.euromed.org.uk); an on-line database and information
system for the vascular plants of Europe and the Mediterranean region.
Modelling the potential ranges of the plants in (Brian Huntley, Durham; Pam Berry,
Oxford).
Dahl, Eilif 1998: The phytogeography of Northern Europe. Old grid; climatological
and elevation data.
Data used in several ecological research projects.