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South African Historical Journal

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Biko, Black Consciousness, and 'the System' eZinyoka: Oral History and
Black Consciousness in Practice in a Rural Ciskei Village
Leslie Hadfielda
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Michigan State University, USA

Online publication date: 25 May 2010

To cite this Article Hadfield, Leslie(2010) 'Biko, Black Consciousness, and 'the System' eZinyoka: Oral History and Black

Consciousness in Practice in a Rural Ciskei Village', South African Historical Journal, 62: 1, 78 99
To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/02582471003778342
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02582471003778342

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Biko, Black Consciousness, and the System eZinyoka:

Oral History and Black Consciousness in Practice in
a Rural Ciskei Village1
LESLIE HADFIELD*
Michigan State University

Downloaded By: [Canadian Research Knowledge Network] At: 21:43 12 August 2010

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South African Historical Journal 62 (1) 2010
ISSN: Print 0258-2473/Online 1726-1686
DOI 10.1080/02582471003778342

Unisa Press pp. 7899

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Resistance in an African Society: The Ciskei Xhosa and the Making of South Africa (Madison: University
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