PROGRAM COMPETENCIES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IV (PHYSICS)

After undergoing the fourth year, Science and Technology program,

the learners shall have developed the following competencies:

UNIT - I: INTRODUCTION
A. PHYSICS
1. Demonstrate understanding with relevance of physics and technology
to daily life.
1.1Describe the of nature physics and relate it to other sciences.
1.2Cite instances from immediate environment showing relevance of
physics to daily life.
2. Appreciate the importance and contribution of physics and technology
to national development.
2.1 Recognize the importance of physics in information technologies
which contribute to national development.
2.2Cite some contribution of men and women physicist/engineers to
national development.
3. Demonstrate scientific values and processes useful in formulating
theories and discovering physical laws.
3.1Design a simple experiment about physical laws.
3.2Describe everyday situations where scientific processes and values
useful.
4. Appreciate the importance of mathematics as an essential tool in
physics.
4.1Express very large and very small number using scientific notation.
4.2Determine the number of significant figures in a given
measurement.
4.3Tell how the present system of measurements’ evolved.
4.4 Enumerate some fundamental quantities and identify their SI units
and symbols.
4.5Measure length, mass and time.
4.6Convert a particular unit to another unit.
A. PHYSICAL QUANTITIES
1. Understand scalar and vector quantities.
1.1Identifying scalars and vectors.
1.2Adding vectors – Determine the resultant vectors through
graphing, analytical and component method.

UNIT – II: MECHANICS

A. KINEMATICS
1. Demonstrate understanding of the concept related to motion.
1.1Analyzing graphs.
1.2Distinguish between:
a. Distance and displacement
b. Speed and velocity
c. Velocity and acceleration

1.3 Calculate problems in:

a. Distance c. Speed e. Acceleration and Deceleration
b. Displacement d. Velocity
1.1Perform graphical analysis of motion.
1.2Describe the motion of falling bodies and projectiles.
A. FORCE CAUSES A CHANGE IN MOTION
1. Demonstrate understanding on how forces cause a change in
motion.
1.1Explain how force affects the motion of an object.
2. Understand Newton’s three laws of motion and Law of Universal
Gravitation.
2.1 Discuss the changes in man’s ideas of forces and motion from
Aristotle, to Galileo and Newton.
2.2Explain Newton’s first Law of motion.
2.3Apply Newton’s Second Law of motion to practical applications.
2.4Explain Newton’s third law.
3. Demonstrate understanding on Impulse and Momentum.
3.1Compare the momentum of the :
 a. Different moving object
b. Some moving object
1.1Compute linear momentum in terms of force and time.
1.2Describe changes in momentum in terms force and time.

2. Demonstrate understanding on the Conservation of Momentum.

2.1Explain the Law of Conservation of Momentum and its application
in colliding and exploding bodies.
3. Demonstrate understanding on how friction affects the changes of
motion.
3.1Explain what friction is.
3.2Identify the direction of friction acting on a body.
A. HOW IS EQUILIBRIUM ACHIEVED
1. Demonstrate understanding on how the equilibrium is achieved.
1.1Compare translational motion with rotational motion.
1.2 Define mechanical equilibrium.
2. Understand how to locate the center of gravity of an object.
2.1Locate the center of gravity of uniform and irregularly shaped
objects.
2.2Tell whether the equilibrium of gravity is stable, unstable and
neutral.
3. Understand the different conditions for equilibrium.
3.1State and explain the conditions for equilibrium.
3.2Represent force vectors graphically.
3.3 Determine the resultant force of a set of forces.
A. MOTION OF THE HEAVENLY BODIES
1. Appreciate on how the heavenly bodies moved and pull each other.
1.1Define and describe uniform circular motion.
1.2Explain why there is centripetal acceleration in uniform circular
motion.
1.3Calculate the force that maintains circular motion.
1.4Differentiate between centripetal and centrifugal force.
2. Demonstrate understanding on the Laws of Planetary Motion.
2.1Trace the development of the ideas on planetary motion from the
time of Aristotle to Newton.
2.2Differentiate between heliocentric and geocentric theory.
2.3 Explain Kepler’s three laws of planetary motion.
2.4Discuss Newton’s Law of Gravitation and its application.
2.5Determine the gravitational force of attraction between two
objects.
3. Understand how mass differ from weight.
3.1Differentiate between mass and weight.
3.2Discuss the relationship among mass and weight.
A. FORCE AND ENEGRY
1. Understand stress and strain, pressure and Archimedes Principle as
applied in technology.
1.1Differentiate between stress and strain.
1.2Use the elasticity property in choosing construction materials.
1.3Determine how pressure varies with depth and density.
1.4Calculate the pressure exerted by a fluid.
1.5Apply Archimedes Principle to bodies like boats and balloons.
1.6Explain how the principle of pressure as used in technology.
2. Demonstrate understanding on the relationship among force, work
and energy.
2.1Define work.
2.2Identify the force that does the work.
2.3Calculate the work done by a force in various situations.
2.4Determine the relationship between the work done and the
energy transferred.
2.5Identify the different forms of energy.
3. Demonstrate understanding on the Laws of Conservation of
Mechanical Energy.
3.1 Explain the relationship of kinetic and potential energy to work
and its cite applications.
 3.2State and illustrate the Law of Conservation of Mechanical
Energy.
4. Demonstrate understanding on the relationship among work and
power.
4.1Describe what power is.
4.2State how energy and power related.
4.3Calculate the power used in doing work.

UNIT – III: OSCILLATION AND WAVES

A. WAVES CARRIERS OF ENERGY
1. Understand the nature of waves as energy carriers and the wave
properties of reflection, refraction, diffraction and interference.
1.1Identify the different types of waves.

1.2Describe wave motion in terms of various parameters.

1.3Determine how waves transfer energy.
1.4Distinguish between transverse waves and longitudinal waves.
1.5Describe the relationship among wavelengths frequency, speed
and period of a wave.
1.6Demonstrate reflection, refraction, diffraction and interference
of water waves.
A. PRODUCTION, PROPAGATION and PERCEPTION OF SOUND
1. Understand how sound waves are produced, transmitted and
propagated.
1.1Describe the characteristics of sound waves.
1.2Discuss how sound is produced, propagated and perceived.
1.3Infer how pitch loudness and timbre relate to the properties of
sound waves – frequency, intensity and waveform.
1.4Describe the Doppler Effect.
1.5Describe factors that affects the speed of sound and how can
speed of sound be measured.
1.6Identify different sound waves interaction:
a. Refraction
b. Reflection
c. Diffraction
1.1Explain Resonance and its importance to musical instrument.
1.2Explain how room acoustics is reflected by reflection and
diffraction of sound.

UNIT – IV: THERMODYNAMICS

A. LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
1. Understand the Law of Thermodynamics.
1.1 Explain the 1st and 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.
1.2 Cite implication of the 1st and 2nd law of thermodynamics to the
environment, machine efficiency and energy utilization.

UNIT – V: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

A. INTERACTION OF ELECTRICITY CHARGES
1. Understand on how electric charges interact.
1.1Discuss the origin of electricity and the electrical nature of
matter.
1.2 Calculate electric force using Coulomb’s Law.
1.3Compare electric force with gravitational force.
2. Demonstrate understanding on the concept of electric field.
2.1Describe the nature of electric field.
2.2Illustrate the imaginary lines of forces emerging in an electric
field.
2.3 Discuss the direction of the electric field;
a. In a single charge
b. When there are two point charges present
A. USES OF ELECRICITY
1. Understand the importance of quantities and unite in describing
electric current
1.1Differentiate current, voltage and resistance.
 1.2Describe the correctly use units of current, voltage and
resistance.
1.3State Ohm’s law.
1.4Use Ohm’s law to calculate current, voltage and resistance in
simple electric circuits.
1.5Determine current, voltage and resistance using measuring
devices.
1.6Calculate the power of a circuit given any two of the three
electrical quantities – current, voltage and resistance.
1.7Identify multiple – load circuits.
1.8Discuss the characteristics of a series, parallel and series –
parallel circuits.
1.9Calculate current voltage and /or resistance for the circuit or any
load in a multiple – load circuits.
A. ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
1. Understand the nature of magnetism.
1.1Discuss the properties of magnets.
1.2Discuss what a magnetic field is.
1.3Relate electricity to magnetism.
1.4List down the uses of electromagnetism.

2. Recognize the contribution of Faraday and Oersted to

electromagnetic theory.
2.1Describe how magnetism is used to produce electricity.
2.2 Discuss Faraday’s and Leng’s law.
2.3Identify some uses of electromagnetic induction.
2.4List down ways to generate electricity.
A. ELECTRONICS
1. Demonstrate understanding on the electronic component.
1.1Discuss the structure and function of resistor, capacitor, diode
and transistor.
1.2Identify the group of semi – conductors in the periodic table.
1.3Describe solid state devices.
1.4Describe the nature and characteristics of semi – conductors
1.5 Identify the component of solid – state devices.
1.6Cite common devices using integrated circuits.
2. Understand the structure and function of simple integrated circuits.
2.1 Describe microelectronics integrated circuits (IC’s), silicon wafer
and chiss in one’s own word.
2.2Describe how IC’s are fabricated.
2.3Cite common devices using IC’s like computers.
3. Understand Logic circuits.
3.1Draw logic diagrams given logic equations and expressions.
3.2Differentiate the three logic circuits according to their electronic
components.
3.3Construct truth tables for each logic gate.
3.4Cite some applications of logic circuits.

UNIT – VI: ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND OPTICS

A. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
1. Appreciate the properties of electromagnetic waves and how they
are produced, transmitted and used.
1.1Describe how EM waves are produced.
1.2Explain hoe Hertz’s experiment verified Maxwell’s
electromagnetic theory.
1.3Describe the characteristics and properties of the different
regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
1.4Give the uses and effects of the different types of
electromagnetic waves and radiation.
1.5Describe how radio signals are generated transmitted and used.
1.6Describe technology using electromagnetic waves like T.V and
satellites.
A. LIGHT
 1. Appreciate the importance of light to people.
1.1Trace the development of the theories about the nature of light.
1.2Identify the different sources of light.
1.3 Explain how shadows are formed.
2. Understand the different properties of light.
2.1Describe what happens when light strikes materials.
2.2Discuss the properties of light;
a. reflection c. diffraction e. polarization
b. retraction d. interference
2.3Distinguish between regular and diffuse reflection.
2.4Explain refraction and dispersion of light.
2.5Describe total internal reflection and some its application.
2.6Explain the optics of the human eyes camera and other optical
instruments.
2.7Describe the interference pattern of light and some application.
2.8 Explain polarization and some application.
A. PLANE MIRRORS/ CURVE MIRRORS
1. Demonstrate understanding on the image formed in plane mirrors.
1.1Apply the law of reflection to formation of images in plane and
spherical mirrors.
1.2 Describe nature of images formed by plane mirror and spherical
mirror.
1.3Distinguish between converging (concave) and diverging
(convex) mirrors.
1.4Draw a ray diagram to find the image distance and magnification
of spherical mirror.
1.5Distinguish between real and virtual image.

2. Demonstrate understanding on the images formed by the refraction

of light.
2.1Apply the law of refraction to the formation of images by lenses.
2.2Describe how a lens formed an image.
2.3 The between converging and diverging mirror.
2.4Draw a ray diagram to determine the images formed by
diverging and converging mirrors.
3. Understand the importance of optical devices.
3.1 Explain the optics of the human eye, camera, microscope,
telescope, and other optical instrument.
3.2Identify vision problems and kinds of lenses that can be used to
correct the problems.
UNIT – VII: MODERN PHYSICS
A. NUCLEAR PHYSICS
1. Understand the structure of an atom.
1.1Explain the nature of an electron.
1.2Describe alpha – particle scattering experiment.
1.3Distinguish between atomic mass and atomic number.
1.4Explain the existence of isotopes.
2. Demonstrate understanding on nuclear reactions.
2.1Describe the nature, range and penetration of alpha, beta and
gamma rays as different types of radiation.
2.2Represent simple nuclear reactions with nuclear equations.
2.3Explain the processes of nuclear fission and fusion.
3. Demonstrate understanding on the uses of nuclear energy.
3.1 Enumerate and describe the functions of the component of a
nuclear reactor.
3.2Describe the basis of operation for medical devices using nuclear
principles.
3.3Discuss environmental effects of nuclear reactions and weapons.