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ﺍﻟﻐﺰﻳﺰﺍﻝ
@ @HïÔÏþa@拾a@‘aìäÛaI@@@@ibã@–@kÜ–@áu@òÇìàa@À@òÓbĐÛa
)ﻓﻴﺰﻳﺎﺀ ﻃﻨﺠﺔ(
ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺳﻜﺔ ﺃﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻛﺘﻠﺘﻪ m = 250gﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﻧﺎﺑﺾ ﺫﻭ
ﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﻭﻛﺘﻠﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺻﻼﺑﺘﻪ k = 10N.m-1ﺛﺒﺖ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺑﺤﺎﻣﻞ.ﻧﺰﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻧﻪ
ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ x0 = + 2,0 cmوﻧﺤﺮﺭﻩ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺑﺪﺋﻴﺔ ﻧﻬﻤﻞ ﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻭﻧﻤﺎﺛﻠﻪ ﺑﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻗﺼﻮﺭﻩ G
m G
O
r x
i
ﻧﺪﺭﺱ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ Gﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮﻩ ﻏﺎﻟﻴﻠﻴﺎ .ﺗﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ Oﻣﻊ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻮﺭ Gﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ
Figure 1
ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺑﺾ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻜﻮﻥ .
(1ﻧﻬﻞ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﻛﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻜﺔ .
(11ﺃﺟﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻙ .
(12ﺍﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻭﻣﺜﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻙ )ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻢ(
ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻓﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻙ .
k
( x(t ) = X m cosﺣﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﺎ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ Xmﻭ . ϕ )t + ϕ (13ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ
m
(14ﺃﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ ). x(tﺛﻢ ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ . T0
ur r
.. (µ > 0). fﻣﻜﻦ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻣﺴﻚ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ = − µ .v (2ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﻛﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ
ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻗﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ
ا2
)x (10–3 m
20
15
10
5
-10
-15
(21ﺣﺪﺩ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺬﺑﺬﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻨﺠﺰﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺬﺑﺬﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺛﻢ ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻴﺰ ﻟﻪ ﺛﻢ ﻗﺎﺭﻧﻪ ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ
ﺟﻮﺍﺏ .(14
(22ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺜﻞ ﻝ EC(t) :ﻭ) EP(tﻭ ) Em(tﻣﻌﻠﻼ ﺟﻮﺍﺑﻚ
(23ﻋﻠﻞ ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺬﺑﺬﺑﺔ .
(24ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ 3ﺣﺪﺩ ﻣﻌﻠﻼ ﺟﻮﺍﺑﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﻱ ﻟﺤﻈﺔ t1ﺃﻭ t2ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺃ( ﻗﺼﻮﻳﺔ .ﺏ(
ﻣﻨﻌﺪﻡ
(25ﻧﺎﻗﺶ ﺑﺈﻳﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺄﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﻗﻮﻩ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻭﻓﺴﺮ ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ Cﻫﻴﺌﺔ" ﺭﺗﺒﺔ ﺑﺠﻮﺍﺭ
ﻟﺤﻈﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ . 0,6s ;1,0s ;… :
(11ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮﻩ ﻏﺎﻟﻴﻠﻴﺎ ﻳﺨﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺇﻟﻲ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻗﻮﻯ :
r
ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ) Pﺍﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺭﺃﺳﻲ ،ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻰ ﻧﺨﻮ ﺍﻷﺳﻔﻞ ،ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻞ ( G
r
ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﺭﺗﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺑﺾ ) Fﺍﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺃﻓﻘﻲ ،ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻰ ﻣﻦ ، Gﺗﻄﺒﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ( G
r
Rﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺑﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻙ :ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻣﻨﺤﺎﻫﺎ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻨﺪ (G
(12
dx k k
= – xM sin t + ϕ : ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺰﻣﻦ
dt m m
d 2x k k
2
= − xM . .cos t + ϕ : ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ
dt m m
d 2x k
2
+ x ﻟﻨﻨﺠﺰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻉ
dt m
d 2x k k k k k
2
+ x = − xM . .cos t +ϕ +
. x M . cos
m
.t + ϕ = 0
dt m m m m
Xm ﻭϕ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺣﻞ ﺃﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻲ
dx
ﺇﺫﻥ. v(0) = = 0 ﻭx(0) = x0 = +2,0 cm ﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ (14
dt
k k k
v(0) = − xM sin × 0 + ϕ = − xM sin ϕ = 0
m m m
sin ϕ = 0 ϕ = 0 rad.
k
x cos × 0 + 0 = xM cos(0) = xM = 2,0 ⋅10− 2 m
x(0) = x0 = M m
(2
(21ﻳﺒﺮﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺬﺑﺬﺑﻲ :ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﺬﺑﺬﺑﺎﺕ
ﺷﺒﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﻱ ﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﻀﺒﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ Tﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮﻩ
ﻣﺴﺎﻭ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ T0
ﻣﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺎ T = 1sﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺘﻴﻦ
ﻣﺘﺴﺎﻭﻳﺘﻴﻦ ) . (T0=0,99s