wNsfma%rKh

MOTIVATION
miqÅu

1’ iEu mqoa.,fhl=f.au l=vd ld,fha isgu ;udf.a wkd.;h ms<snoj ëYd, n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla we;’ ta wkqj tu wruqK bgqlr .eksug
uykais fj;s’ kuq;a iuyr wjia:djka j,oS tu wruqKq w;r u.oS fjkia lsrsugo wjYH;jhka mekkÕs’ ta flfia fj;;a .=jka yuqodjg neosug m%:u
Tn ish,qfokdu .=jka yuqodjg neosu ioyd Tnf.a is; wNsfm%arKh lsrsug Ys%,x.=y ;=, mj;sk ;;ajh iy okakd o;a;hka m%udkj;a ëh’ tysos
Tnf.a wruqk jqfha .=jka yuqodj ;=, fiajh lrâka ;u mqoa., wNsjDoaòh ;yjqre lr.eksuhs’ Tn fiajhg neoqkod mgka wo olajdu tu wruqK
bgqlr .eksug fjfyi orkjd ksielh’

2’ ;jo tu wruqK lrd hk .ufkaos ëëO uêgà j,os Tnf.a wjYH;djhkao ëëO fë’ Wodyrkhla jYfhka uq,skau .=jka Ngfhl= f,i fiajhg
neoqkq Tnf.a wruqK jqfha jeÆ jegqmls’ kuq;a miqj Tng Wiiaèà ,eÅu;a iu.u ëëO ;k;=re ioyd Tnf.a is; wNsfm%arKh jkakg ëh’ bka
miqj Tn ie,ls,su;a jkafka Tnf.a iudc ;;ajh ms<snojh’ bka woyia jkafka ta ta uêgà j,os we;s jk wjYH;d ëëO nj;a" tkà wruqKq ksid Tnf.a
wNsfma%rkh fkdlvjd mj;sk nj;ajh’

wNsfma%rkh iy wNsfma%rkh lsrsu iànkaO uq,sl Wml,amkhka (ASSUMPTION)

3’ l<uKdlrejka ëiska bosrsm;a lrk ,o wNsfma%rKh ms<sno kHdhka iy wNsfma%rk l%shdldrlà ms<snoj wm ëiska yeoersfàos
my; ioyka uq,sl Wml,amkhka ms<snoj f;areà .eksu jeo.;a fë

w' wNsfma%rkh hkq hym;a fohla nj fmdoq ms,s.eksuhs wka mqoa.,hkaj wNsfma%rkh fkdl,d lshd l<uKdlrekaj
jrAKkd lsrsula Tn lsisuodl wid ;sfÅo@ hkak fuysos ie,ls,su;a ëh hq;=h' Tn csj;a jq ia:dk j,os ^mdie," mkai," mjq," rdcldrs
ia:dkh& Tn wNsfma%rKh fkdë isêhd kà Tng Tn .eku hym;a is;=ë,a,la we;s fkdfë’

wd' mqoa., ls%hdldrs;ajhg n,mdk idol lsmhla w;=rska wNsfma%rKho tla idOlhls fuysos n,mdk wfkl=;a idOl
jYfhka yelshdj" iàm;a iy jev lrk mrsirh olaëh yelsh' âksiqkag fi; i<iâka fiajh lsrsug ffjoHjrfhla ëug hàlsis wfhla wNsfma
%rkh ëug mq,qjk' kuq;a tu mqoa.,hdg ta ioyd wNsfma%rKh ;snq mukskau th lrd ,.dëh fkdyelsh’ tysos tu mqoa.,hdf.a
ëoHd;aul yelshdj" tu mqoa.,hdf.a ëoHd,h i;= iàm;a iy wdpdrAhjrekaf.ka Wmfoia ,nd.eksfus yelshdj jeks lreKq o fuysos
n,mdh's

we' wNsfma%rKh hkq flê ld,sk iemhqula jk w;r ld,dkql=, (Perodic) kej; iemhqula (Replenishment) wjYHfë' fuh
Ys;dòl rgj, Ys; ld,fhaos ksjil mj;sk WKqiqug iudk l, yelsh’ ukaoh;a tu ld, j,os ksfjia ;=, WKqiqu rod mj;ajd.kq ,nkafka \W|
qka\ wdY%fhks' tïg W|qfka WKqqiqu tldldrsj mj;ajd .eksug taldldrs oykhla wjYH fë' tëg jrskajr or fyda .,a w.=re fhdod th
oe,aëh hq;=h’ wNsfma%rKh ¼keu wjia:djl ld,dkqrEmj fjkiajk Wml,amkhla nj mokà lrf.k wNsfma%rK kHdhka iy wNsfma
%rK ls%hdldrlà u.ska lghq;= lrkafka lsisodl iàmqrAKfhkau wjika fkdjk ls%hdj,shla iu. nj fmkshhs ta wkqj fiajlhskaj
fkdlvjd wNsfma%rKh lsrsu jeo.;a fë’

wE' wNsfma%rKh hkq hàlsis ixëOdkhl l,uKlrejkayg tys /lshd iànkaO;djh mj;ajd .eksug fhdod .;yels fuj,uls (Tool)
;uka hgf;a jevlrk fiajlhka l=ula fya;= fldgf.k Wkkaoq jkafkaoehs oekf.k isêfuka Tjqkag ksis /lshd mejreà fyda ;Hd. ,ndosu
u.ska ksis u.g fhduql, yelsfë’ hà ixëOdkhla ;=, Tjqka w;r mj;akd iànkaO;d jHqyh mj;ajd .eksu yd tlS iànkaO;djh ;=, n,h
fnod yersu jeks Wml%uhka wNsfma%rK oekqu u.ska taldnoaO lrkq ,efÅ’

ksrAjpk

4’ wNsfma%rKh hkak ëëO whqrska ksrAjpkh lr we;' bka lsysmhla my; oelafë

w’ \wNsfma%rKh hkq mqoa.,hka Yla;s .ekaëfà n,h\ hkak fuhg we;s ir,u ksrAjpkhhs’

wd’ mqoa.,hka ish fm!oa.,sl wruqKq bgq lr .eksfàos we;s udrA. j,ska tla udrA.hla f;dard .eksug fm<nëu wNsfma
%rkhhs

we’ wjYH;d iy wruqKq imqrd .eksug orK W;aidyh fyda fm<nëuo wNsfma%rKh jYfhka yeoskafë’

5’ wNsfma%rKh fkdjq mqoa.,fhla ixëOdkhg iDK n,hla f.k fokjd fukau wNsfma%rKh jq mqoa.,fhl= ixëOdkhg Ok n,hla
f.kfoa’ l<uKdlrk b.ekaëà j,os b;du jeo.;a ;ekla ysâjk fuu ëIh wo jrA:udk jdkscuh iduch flfrys m%n, n,meula we;s lrhs’

6’ l,ukdlrK b.ekaëà j,os ëëO udrA.fha wNsfma%rK kHdhka bossrsm;a lr ;sfÅ’ tu kHdhka ;=,ska lsysmhla my; oelafë'

w’ wjYH;d kHdhka - (Need Theory)

wd’ m%;sidOl kHdhka - (Re in forcement Theory)

we’ idOdrk kHdhka - (Equity Theory)

wE n,dfmdfrd;a;= kHdhka - (Expectancy Theory)

 b wruqKq we;s lsrsfà kHdhka - (Goal Setting Theory)

wjYH;d kHdhka (NEED THEORY)

7’ fuu u;h u.ska mqoa.,hkaf.a csë;hg wjYH;djhka fyda Wjukdjka .ek ëfYaIfhka rdcldrshg iànkaO lreKq j,g wjodkh fhduqlr
we;’ wNsfma%rKfhaos b;du osrA> b;sydihla we;s kHdh jkqfha \wjYH;d kHdhkah\'

8’ hàlsis mqoa.,hl= ;udf.a csë;hg wjYH;djhkays hà uêgulg ;ju;a m;aè fkdue;s kà Tyq tu wjYH;djhka imqrd,sug wNsfma%rKh
fë’ iàmqrAK jq wjYH;djhka iàmqrAK lsrsu wNsfma%rKh lsrsfà udrA.hla fkdfë’ l<ukdlrK b.ekaèu j,os ëëO \wjYH;d u;hka\ olakg
,efÅ’ ëëO uêgà wkqj tajd fjkia fë’ fujeks kHdhka lsmhka my; oelafë’

udIaf,da f.a wjYH;d wkql%udosm;H kHdh (MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY)

9’ l<uKdlrejka jeÆu wjOdkh fhduqlr we;s kHdh jkafka Abraham Maslow ëiska bosrsm;a lrk ,o fuu kHdhghs’ uq,sl ldhsl
wjYH;djhkaf.a isg Wiia wjYH;djhka jk iaj;;ajhka olajd jq ëëO wjYH;d uêgà myla fuysos olajd we;’

w' fN!;sl uq,sl wjYH;d (Physiological Needs) fà hg;g .efkkafka âksiqkag csj;aëug wjYH uq,sl wjYH;djhkah’
Wodyrkhla jYfhka csj;aëug m%udkj;a jegqmla" ksjila" weoqà" me<oqà iy ,sxysl wjYH;d oelaëh yelsh'

jYH;djhka mrsmQrAK èu
(Self Actualization Needs)

f.!rjhg md;%ëfà wjYH;djhka

(Esteem Needs)
f.!rjhg md;%èfà
iudcSh wjYH;djhka
(Belongingness Need)

iqrCIs; Ndjh iy wdrCIdj i|yd jk

wjYH;djhka
(Safety & Security Needs)

fN!;sl $ uQ,sl wjYH;djhka

(Physiological Needs)

wd' iqrCIs; Ndjh iy wdrCIdj ioyd jk wjYH;d (Safety & Security Needs) uq,sl wjYH;d iàmqrAK ë we;s neëka
fuysos n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka /lshdfë iqrCIs;Ndjh" jevlrk mrsirfha wdrCIdj" ;udf.a iy mjqf,a wdrCIdj jeks wjYH;djhkah’

we' idudcsh wjYH;djhka (Belongingness Needs) fuu uêgfàos n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka ëëO iudchka j,g we;=,;a ëfà
wjYH;djhkah’ øjHuh wjYH;djhka fuysos we;s fkdfë’ thg fya;=j fà jk ëg Tjqka tu wjYH;djhka imqrdf.k we;’ /lshdj
me;af;ka n,këg Wiia èà n,dfmdfrd;a;= fë'
wE' f.!rjhg md;%ëfà wjYH;djhkaa (Esteem Needs) fuysos wjYH jkafka iudcfha f.!rjhg m;aëuhs’ ëëO iâ;s iud.àj,
ks<;, oersu" /lshd ia:dkfha ëëO ;k;=r oersu jeks iudcfha lems fmksug we;s wjYH;dj fuysos uq,sl fë’

b' wjYH;djhka mrsmqrAAKh ëu (Self Actualization Needs) fuysos Tjqkaf.a ish,qu wjYH;djhka iàmqraAK ë we;’
fuu wjia:dfëos Tjqka W;aidy orkafka ish fm!oa.,sl fm!reIFjh jrAOkh lr .eksug iy kj j.lSà fidhd hEu jeks wjYH;dhka j,gh'

10’ Tyqf.a b.ekaëà j,g wkqj mqoa.,hka ta ta wjia:dfjsos Tyqg jvd;au wjYH iy jeo.;a wjYH;d uêgfà wjYH;d ms<snoj ie,ls,su;a
fë’ tla uêgula iàmqrAK èfuka miqj wfkla uêgfà wjYH;d ms<snoj is;dn,hs’ tu uêgfà wjYH;d iàmqrAK ëug fmr wks;a uêgfâ wjYH;d
ms,sno ie,ls,a,la fkdolajhs’

11’ ish,qu wjYH;djhka iàmqrAK jq ëg (Self Actualization) uêgug meâfka’ tysos fm!reIFjh jrAOkhg iy kj j.lsà fidhd hdug
/Äl;ajhla olajhs' fuu ;Fjfhaos fndfyda mqoa.,hka jvd;a fydoska ls%hd;aul fë’ fuysos we;s jk ëëO wjYH;d oek isêfuka yd ëëO l%u
Ndë;h ;=,ska l<ukdlrejka yg ixëOdkfha wruqKq bgqlr .eksug yelsfë’

B'wdr'Acs kHdh (ERG THEORY)

12’ Maslow ëiska wNsfma%rKh iànkaOfhka bosrsm;a l, idOl fiajlhskaf.a wNsfma%rk wjYH;djhka wkql%dòm;H (Hierarchy)
wkqj fm< .eiaëh yelsh hkak wkqu; lrk Clayton Alderfer hk keue;a;d bosrsm;a l, (ERG) kHdh u.ska Maslow f.a tu wjYHd;jhka uq,sl
jYfhka m%Odk udrA. follg fnok ,o's

w' m,uqj wjYH;djhka fldgia ;=klg fnokq we;'

 ^1& mej;sfà wjYH;djhka (Existence Need)
^2& iànkaO;d wjYH;djhka (Relatedness Need)
^3& jrAOkhëfà wjYH;djhka (Growth Need)

fuys mej;sfà wjYH;djhka hkq Maslow f.a uq,sl wjYH;djhkah (Fundemental Neeeds) iànkaO;d ms<sno
wjYH;djhka hkq wka;raA mqoa., iànkaO;d meje;aëfà wjYH;djhkah' jrAOkh ioyd jk wjYH;djhka hkq fm!oa.,sl
ksrAudKYs,s;ajh fyda jrAOkh iànkaO wjYH;djhkah’

wd' Tyq ëiska bosrsm;a lrk ,o fofjks iy jeo.;a foh jkafka by, wjYH;djhka bgqlr .eksu wmyiq jkëg my, uêgfà
wjYH;djhka j,g tajd iàmqrAk è ;snqko kej; msëfia hkakh' Maslow f.a woyi tla uêgul wjYH;djhka bgqjq ëg tys we;s wNsfm
%arK yelshdj wvqjk njh' Maslow ëy%y lrkafka âksiqka wjYH;d wkql%ukOsm;Hfha by,g .uka lrk nj muKs’ kuq;a Alderfer
âksiqka tu wjYH;d wkql%udòm;H ;=, l,ska l,g by, yd my,g hk nj ëia;r lrhs’ fuh wjia:dfjka wjia:djg o fjkia fë’

wNsfm%arKh ms<sno idOl fofla kHdh (TWO FACTORS THEORY)

13’ 1950 oYlfha w. Nd.fha Frederick Herxberg iy Tyqf.a iâm;uhka msrsila ëiska mj;ajk ,o wOHhkhla u.ska fuu kHdh
bossrsm;a lrk ,os’ fà ioyd bxcsfkarejreka iy .Kldòldrsjreka 200 la fhdod.kakd ,os’ my; ioyka j.=fë oelafjk mrsos fuu m%;spdrhka
fldgia 10 lg jrA. lrk ,os’ ol=kq me;af;a we;s lreKq u.ska w;Dma;slr iajdNdjhka we;s lrhs' fuu wOHhkh u.ska Herzberg ëiska
;Dma;u;aNdjh iy w;Dma;u;aNdjh we;s lrk lreKq jYfhka fldgia follg fjka lrk ,os’ fuu idOl fol my; ioyka mrsos ëia;r lrk ,os’

w’ w;Dma;slrodhs lreKq (Diisatisfiers) fuu lreKq Hygience Factors jYfhka Tyq ëiska y|qkajd os we;’ jegqma"
fiajd ;;ajhkka" wdh;k m%;sm;a;s jeks fiajlhskaf.a yeisrsug fl,skau n,mdk lreKq fà hg;g wh;afë’ fà w;rska jvd;a jeo.;au lreK
jkafka wdh;k m%;sm;a;shkah (Policies) wdh;k M,odhs;dh wvqlsrsug (Ineffectivencess) wldrAhCIu;djh we;s lsrSug
(Inefficiency) fuh m%Odk jYfhka n,mdhs' fuu lreKq ms<snoj iqNjdosj ne,sfuka ;Dma;u;aNdjh we;s fkdlrk kuq;a
w;Dma;su;aNdjh wvqlrkq ,nhs'

wd’ ;Dma;slrodhs lreKq (Satisfiers) fuu lrekq wNsfma%rK idOl (Motivation Factors) jYfhka yoqkajkq ,efÅ’
idrA:lëu (Achievement) ms,s.eksu (Recognition), j.lsu (Responsibility) iy oshqqKqj (Adavancement) hk lreKq fà hg;g jefê’
fuu ish,qu lreKq rdcldrsfhka i;=gg m;a ëfà l%uhkah’

14’ by; l%uh wjYH;djhka ms<sno ixlsrAK l%uhls’ ta ukaoh;a tla mqoa.,fhl=g tla jrlos fuu idOl follu n,mdk ksidhs’ ta w;ru
âksiqka ms<snoj iy Tjqkaj wNsfm%arKh l, hq;af;a flfiao hkak wjfndaO lr.eksu o b;du wisre lreKla jk ksidh’

15’ Herzberg f.a fuu kHdh ms<sno m%YaK lrk iuyreka my; ioyka m%YaK u;= lrh's

w’ Wmrsu jYfhka wjYH;d iàmqrAK jq mqoa.,hd iEuëgu Wmrsu m%;sM,odhs fiajlhd jkafkao@

wd’ fiajlhdf.a oCI;djhka iy ksIamdokhg fl,skau n,mdk fjk;a idOl ;sfÅo@

f;joEreà wjYH;d kHdh (THREE NEEDS THEORY)

16’ âksiqka wNsfma%rKh l,yels udrA. ;=kla John W. Atkinson keue;a;d ëiska bosrsm;a lrk,os’ miqj fuh ;joqrg;a ëia;r iys;j
Devid C. Meclellands ëiska bossrsm;a lrk ,os’

w’ idrA:lëfà wjYH;djh (Need for Achievement)

wd’ n,h ,nd .eksfà wjYH;djh (Need for Power)

we’ iànkaOëfà wjYH;djh (Need for Affiliation)

17’ idrA:lëfà wjYH;djh David C MC Clelland f.a fidhd.eksà j,g wkqj idrA:lëug we;s oeÆ wjYH;djh fyj;a ch.eksug fyda
ëYsIaG;ajhg m;aëug we;s wjYH;djh’ âksiqka ish ldrAhhka ukd f,i bqgqlsrsu iy fldmuK fydoska wNsfm%arKh è isêu w;r iànkaOlula
we;’ idrA:lëfà oeÆ wjYH;djhlska fmf,k mqoa.,hka fj;ska my; ioyka ,CIK oelsh yelsh'

w' m%Yak ksrdlrKh lsrsfà j.lsà ndr.eksfà leue;a;'

wd’ Tjqka wisre wruqKq Tjqkau we;s lrf.k tajd bgqlr .eksug wjodkà iys;j ls%hd lrhs’

we’ Tjqka ls%hdlrk wdldrh ms,sn| iudf,dapk jeo.;a f,i i,lhs’

18’ n,h ,nd.eksfà wjYH;djh fuhska woyia jkafka wkawh md,kh lsrsug olajk leue;a;hs’ fuysoS idrA:l;ajh yd widrA:l;ajho
iànkaO fë’ widrA:l ëug we;s æh (Fear of Failier) wNsfm%arKhg fya;= fë’ wfkla w;g iuyr mqoa.,hskag idrA:l ëh fkdyels hehs we;s jk
æh (Fear of Success) wNsfm%arKh ëfà idOlhls'

19’ iànkaO ëfà wjYH;djh wfkl=;a mqoa.,hka iu. iànkaO ëfà wjYH;djh fà u.ska ëia;r flfrA’ fndfyda mqoa.,hska fufia ëëO
iànkaO;d meje;aëu ;=,ska wNsfm%arKh fë’
20’ Mc Clelland ëiska l<uKdlrejkaf.a yg tla tla mqoa.,hka yd rdcldrska ixikaokh lsrsfà jeo.;alu fmkajk ,os’ ;jo my; ioyka lrekq
ksid oeÆ idrA:lëfà wjYH;d j,ska hqla; fiajlhska f.a Wkkaoqj ;joqrg;a jeÆfë’

w' wNsfhda.hka (Challengers)

wd’ ;Dma;sh (Satisfaction)

we’ fm<Uëu (Stimulation)

wE’ ixlsrAKNdjh (Complexity)

21’ wvq idrA:lëfà wjYH;djhka we;s fiajlhska (Low achievement needs) ia:sr" (Stability) wdrCId iys; (Security) iy wjia:djka
iys; (Predictability) ;;ajhkag uqyqK osug jvd;a leu;sh'

22’ jev lrk jgmsgdj hym;a lsrsfuka Tjqkaf.a idrA:lëfà wjYH;djhkao jeÆ oshqKq lsrsug l<ukdlrejkag yelshdj ;sfÅ’ j.lsà jeÆ
lsrsfuka" iajdòkFjh we;s lsrsfuka" l%ufhka mejfrk j.lsà wNsfhda.d;aul lssrsfuka iy Wiia m%;sM, we.hsfuka iy ;Hd. msrskeâfuka
fujeks ;Fjhla we;s l, yelsh'

m%;sidOk kHdh (RE - INFORCEMENT - THEORY)

23’ m%fhda.sl bf.k .eksfàos w;s; yeisrsà rgdfë m%;sM,hka wkd.; ls%hdoduhkag n,mdk wdldrh fmkaëu fuys ëfYaI;ajhhs’
fuh \m%;Hh ms<sno kHdhla \ (Law of Effect) jYfhka o yeoskafë’ iqNjdoS m%;sM, iys; yeisrsfà rgdjka kej; kej;;a we;s lsrsu flfrys
keUqre ëh hq;= w;r wiqnjdos m%;sM, iys; yeisrsfà rgdjka kej; we;s ëu je,elaëu flfrys keUqre ëh hq;= nj fuys woyi fë’

24’ fuu l%uh my; ioyka wdldrhg ;joqrg;a ïia;r l, yelsh'

25’ m%fndaolh m%;spdrh m%;sM, wkd.; m%;spdrhka ^Wkkoqj& (Response) (Consequences) (Future Responses) we;s lrk
foa& (Stimulus)

idOdrK kHdhka (EQUITY THEORY)

26’ fuu kHdhg mokà jkafka tla tla mqoa.,hdg ,efnk ;Hd. (Rewards) fldmuK idOdrko" iudko lshd Tjqka u.ska lrk ëYaf,aIkh
wNsfm%arKh m%Odk idOlhka jk njh’ idorkFjh ëy%y lssrsfàos mqoa., fiajd odhlFjh (Job Input) tkà mrsY%uh (Effort) l=i,;djh
(Skills) iy fiajd ;Hd. (Job Rewards) tkà jegqma yd Wiiaëà w;r wkqmd;h fë’ fuu kHdhg wkqj tla tla mqoa.,hd Tjqka ëiska fhdojk ,o
W;aidyhka iy Tjqkg ,efnk m%;sM, w;r wkqmd;h wkqj wNsfm%arKh fë’ fiajlhska ëisaka ;ukag ,efnk jdis wka whg ,efnk jdis iu.
ieiosfuka fyda ;ud fhoq Y%uh iu. ieiosfuka fyda tys idOdrkFjh ;srKh lrkq ,efÅ’

27’ ëëO idlîcdjka iy wOHhkhkag wkqj fuu kHdh jev lrk ia:dkj, jeo.;a jdis ,nd fokakd f,i uqo,a flakaølr .ks’ fiajlhska Tjqkag
,efnk uqo,a iy fhdok Y%uh w;r wkqmd;h iu. tu ;;ajfhau wka wh ,nk uqo,a m%udKh iu. ixikaokh lrkq ,efÅ’

28’ widOdrkhla isoqjqjd hehs yeÕs .shfyd;a Tjqka w;r wiykh jrAOkh ë pxj, iajNdjhla we;sfë’ ;jo fiajlfhla ;udg jev lrk m
%udkhg jvd wvq jegqmla ,nk nj is;=fjd;a Tyq fiajdfë ork jEhu wvq lsrsug ;e;a lrhs’

29’ uE;los lrk ,o wOHkhka ;=,ska jegys we;af;a mqoa.,fhl= Tyqg isoqë we;s widOdrkhg (Indquity) ëreoaOj Tyq .kakd ls
%hdldrs;ajhg n,mdkafka tu mqoa.,hdg we;së we;s widOdrKh ms,sno b;sydih (History of Inequity) u; njh’ fà fya;=j ksid wNsfm%arK
kHdhkag (Motivation Theory) ld,h n,mdhs’ Richard A Cosler iy Dam R Dalten lrekq bosrsm;a lrâka fiajlhkaf.a iànkaO;djhka ia:djr
fkdjk nj;a widOdrk (Inequity) idudkHfhka ;ks fkdjk fyda tla j;djlg we;sjk isoqëula fkdjk nj;ah’ fudyqf.a u;h wkqj mqoA.,fhl= widOdrk
wjia:djka lssysmhlg uqqyqKos bjisu blaujd f.dia wjidkfhaos wkjYH yeisrsulg f.doqre fë’ fuh b;du;au iqÛ lreKla ksid isoq ëh yel’

n,dfmdfrd;a;= kHdhka (EXPECTANCY THEORY)

30’ ëëO yeisrsà rgdjka weiqfrka ;uka yeisrsh hq;= rgdj f;dard .eksfà moku iy Tjqka tu yeisrsà rgdj ;=,ska n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk foa
ms<snoj wjOdkh fhduqjk nj fuu kHdfhka wjOdrkh flfrA'

31’ fuu kHdh hgf;a David Nadler, Edward Lawler ëiska fuu kHdfhaos mokà jk ixëOdkhka ;=, mj;sk yeisrsà rgdjka j,g wod, ls
%hdjka y;rla ëia;r lr we;’

w’ yeisrsfà rgdjka ;srkh lrkq ,nkafka tu mqoa.,hd ;=, we;s ,CIKhka iy mrsirfha isêk mqoa.,hskaf.a yeisrsà rgdjkaf.a
iàâY%Khla u.sks’

wd’ ixëOdkhla ;=, ish yeissrsà rgdj ms<snoj mqoa.,hska fydoska is;d n,d is;g tl.j ;srKh lrkq ,nhs’

we’ tla tla mqoa.,hskag ëëO wjYH;d" n,dfmdfrd;a;= iy wruqKq we;'

wE’ tla tla mqoa.,hka ëiska yeisrsà rgdj ;srKh lsrsfàos tu yeisrsà rgdfjka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk m%;sM,h ,nd.eksu ms<sno
we;s ëYajdih uq,sl fë’
32’ by; ioyka ms<s.eksu u; mokà jq fuu kHdfha (Expectancy Theory) my; ioyka fldgia ;=k wvx.= fë'

w' ldrAhhka bgq lsrsu - m%;sM, n,dfmdfrd;a;=j (Performance - Outcome Expectancy mqoa.,hska ish
yeisrsà rgdj ;=,ska hà hà m%;sM, n,dfmdfrd;a;= fë’ fuu n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjkqfjka Tjqkaf.a yeisrsu ms<snoj Tjqkg ;srk .eksug
isoqfë’ Wodyrkhla jYfhka ish wod, m%udKhg jeÆfhka ksIamdokh lsrsug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk fiajlfhla ta ioyd m%Yxid lsrsà"
fndakia jeksfoa n,dfmdfrd;a;= fë’ ke;s kà Tyq ish W;aidyh w;yer ouhs’

wd' ne|Su (Valence) hàlsis yeisrsà rgdjlska ,efnk m%;sM, ;=, wNsfm%arKh lsrsfà ksIaÄ; neosfà (Valence) n,hla
we;s w;r th mqoa.,hdf.ka mqoa.,hdg fjkiafë’ WodyrKhla jYfhka uqo,a iy m%;sM, wjYH;djh we;s l<ukdlrefjl= th bgqlr .;
yels fjk;a k.rhl YdLdjlg udrelsrsfuka wNsfm%arKh l,yel’ tu udreëu fiajl iànkaO;d meje;aëfà iy à;%;ajfhka rdcldrs lsrsfà
wjYH;djfhka fmf,k l<ukdlrefjl=g wNsfm%arKh ëfà n,h (Valence Power) we;s lsrsug iu;a fkdfë’

we' W;aidyhka - ldrAhka bgqlsrsfà n,dfmdfrd;a;= (Effort - Performance Expectnacy) idrA:lj ldrAhhka
bgqlsrsu fld;rà wmyiqo hkak ms<snoj âksiqka ;=, mek kÕsk m%Yak Tjqkaf.a yeisrsu ms,snoj ;srK .eksu flfrys n,mdhs’
Tjqkag wjia:djla oqka ëgl jêkdlula we;s m%;sM, oelsh yels uêgug ldrAhHla bgq l,yels uêgula f;dard .eksug mqoa.,hska
Wkkaoq fë’

33’ by; oelajq ldrKd ;=k m%YaKdrA:fhka ;joqrg;a fmkaëh yel

w' ud fhoq Y%uhg wkqj ,enqkq m%;sM,h fuho@

wd' ud fhoq W;aiyh wkqrEmj ud yg m%;sM,hla ,enqfkao@

we' ud yg ,enqkq m%;sM,h udyg jdisohl o@

34’ fuu n,dfmdfrd;a;= kHdhg wkqj mqoa.,hska Tjqkaf.a Y%uhg Tjqkag jdis jYfhka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk foaj,a ,eæfà iy Tjqkag
jeo.;a jk foaj,a ,eæfà jdisodhl ;;ajhla we;s ëg Tjqka ta ;=,ska wNsfm%arKhè ta wkqj yeisfrA’

35’ mqoa.,hskaf.a yeisrsfà rgdjka ;rula oqrg Tjqka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk m%;sM, jrA.h u; rod mj;s'

w' ffkirA.sl ;Hd.hka (Intrinsic Rewards) udkislj w;aë|sh yels ;Hd.hka fyj;a jdis fà u.ska ëia;r
lrkq ,efæ’ Wodyrk jYfhka rdcldrsh idrA:lëfà i;=g" kj l=i,;djhka oshqqqkq ëfuka ,efnk i;=g jeks mqoa.,hskag fl,skau ,efnk"
ëfYaIfhka iajNdjfhka Tyqgu ^Tyqf.a is;ska Tyqgu ,efnk& ;Hd.hka fyda jdis oelaëh yelsh'

wd' ndyH ;Hd.hka (Expectancy Rewards) msgia;rfhl= ;Hd. jYfhka msrskuk foaj,a fuhska woyia fë’ WodyrK
jYfhka m%ixYd" fndakia fyda Wiiaëà jeks foaj,a oelaëh yelsh' ;u lKavdhfukau fyda wòCIlfhl=f.ka fyda wdh;kh u.ska
fujeks ndyH ;Hd.hka ,efæ’

36’ tla m%;sM,odhs jev fldgilos fuu jrA. foflysu âY%Khla n, meje;aëh yelsh’ ;j;a whqrlska lshkjd kà âksiqka tla wjia:djlos fuu
;Hd. jrA. foflkau wNsfma%rKh l, yelsh’ Wod’ \uu âg jvd fydoska lghq;= lsrsfuka" th olsk uf.a wòCIlhd ëiska ug Wiia ëà iy jegqma
jeÆlsrsào ^ndyH ;Hd.hka& ta ;=,ska uf.a ærsof.ka meiiqào ,eæu ;=,ska ug âg jvd i;=gla ^ffkirA.sl ;Hd.hka & ,eæh yelsh’

37’ n,dfmdfrd;a;= kHdh (Expectancy Theory) wjYH;d kHdhg (Need Theory) iy idOdrK kHdhg (Equity Theory) jvd ixlsrAK jk
w;ru tysos ixlsrAK .Kkhkao (Calculation) iànkaO fë’ thg fya;=j jkaafka by; fcao 31 hgf;a ëia;r l, wx. ;=ku \.=K lsrsfà oduhlska \ ne|
S ;sæuh's (Linked in a Multiplicative Chain) Tn hà jHdmD;shl ksYaî; ldrAhHl ksr; jkjd hehs is;uq' Tn fhdok Y%ufha m%;sM,h
meyeos,s iy ksYaÄ; tlla hehs is;uq' tëg Tn ta ioyd fhoëh hq;= Y%uh ms<sn|j w;aoelsà ;==,ska wjfndaOhla we;’ kuq;a m%;sM,h Tng
t;rà jëkdlula f.k fkdfok ëg Tnf.a Wkkaoqjo wvqfë’ tu wjia:dfëos Tnf.a yeisrsu wjidk ëkdÆh olajdu wvq Wkkaoqjlska hqla;h’ fuysos
mejerk fldgi mukla lsrsu iEf.a hehs Tn ;srKh lrhs’

38’ n,dfmdfrd;a;=jka l,a.;j;au iqNodhs isg wiqNjdos f,i fjkia ëh yelsh’ Tn Tng ,enqkq ;Hd. ;=,ska wfmaCId Nx.;ajhg meâKsfha
kà" tëg Tn ;enq ëYajdifha æo jeêula we;sfë’ ëfYaIfhkau Tnf.a Y%uh wj;lafiare lrd hehs jeks ye.sula we;s fë'

39’ fuu ;Hd. u.ska l<ukdlrejka ëiska tlu wjia:djlosu (Simultaneously) wjodkh fhduq l,hq;= lreKq lsmhla wjOdrk lr we;’

w' ta ta mqoa.,hskag jeo.;a jk ;Hd. ;srKh l, hq;=hs ;Hd. wNsfm%arlhla kà tajd ^;Hd.& wod, mqoa.,hkag iqoqiq
tajd ëh hq;=h’ fiajlhska n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk ;Hd.hka l=uk wdldrhlska fyda ;srKh lsrsfà yelshdj l<ukdlrefjla ;=, ;sæh hq;=h'

wd' wjYH ldrAhH (Performance) ;SrKh l, hq;=h l<ukdlrejka jYfhka Tjqkag wjYH ldrAhHka m%udK uågu ;SrKh l,
hq;=h' tïg ;Hd. ,eæug kà l, hq;= jev m%udKh fiajlhdg meyeos,s lrosh hq;=h'

we' wjYH ldrAh uêgu (Performance Level) bgql, yels uêgfà (Attainable) ;sæh hq;=h ;udg mejfrk rdcldrsh
b;du;a wisre uêgfâ fyda bgq l, fkdyels tlla kà fiajlhkaf.a wNsfm%arKh ke;s jkakg mqÛjk'

wE' ldrAhHg ;Hd.h iànkaO l, hq;=h (Mark Rewards to Performance) wNsfma%rKh rojd .eksug kà idrA:l ldrAhka
iu. wod, ;Hd.hka iànkao ïh hq;=h' ^.e,fmk tlla ëh hq;=h&

b' ;Hd.fha iM,;djhg ndOdlrkafka l=uk idOloehs ëYaf,aIkh l, hq;=h l<ukdlrejkaf.a ;Hd. iànkaOfhka .eg,q iy.;
;;ajhla mek keÕs we;akà ta ukaohehs ëYaf,aIkh lr ;Hd. msrskeâfàos wjYH fjkialà isoql, yelsh'
 B' ;Hd.hka m%udkj;a ëh hq;=h wvq jëkd lula we;s ;Hd. u.ska wvq wNsfm%arKhla we;sfë’ tfia;a ke;s kà tjd
u.ska wNsfm%arKh we;s fkdfë’

wruqKq we;s lsrsfà ;Hdhka (GOAL SETTING THEORY)

40’ ;uka ëiskau wruqKq we;s lrf.k ls%hd lsrsfà ls%hdj,sh iànkaOfhka fuysos idlîcd lrkq ,efæ’

41’ ufkda ëoHd{ Edwin Locke g wkqj mqoa.,hska iajNdjfhkau wruqKq ilia lr .eksug iy bgqlr .eksug W;aidy lsrsug keUqrejla
olajkafka Tjqkag wod, wruqKq f;areà .eksug iy ms<s.eksug yelsëgh' fiajlhskag wod, wruqKq bgqlr .eksug wjYH l=i,;djhka (Skills)
fkdue;s njg Tjqkag jegfyk ëg Tjqka wNsfm%arKh fkdfë’ fuu wruqKq we;s lsrsfà kHdhg wkqj mqoa.,hska wNsfma%rKhg ,lafjkq
,nkafka Tjqka ls%hd lrkq ,nk ms,sfj, ksYaÄ; ,.dëh yels wruqKla lrd .uka l, yels ls%hdjla jq ëgh’

42’ n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk wruqkq bgqlr .eksug mqoa.,hska fjfyfikafka ukao hkak fuysos ëia;r lrk neëka fuh ^wruqKq we;s lsrsfà
kHdh& n,dfmdfrd;a;= kHdh (Expectancy Theory) iy m%;sidOl kHdh (Reinforcement Theory) iu. iànkaO fë’

43’ Chirstopher Earley iy Chirtine Shalley hk fofokd ëiska wruKq we;s lsrsfà ls%hdj,sh woshr y;rlg fnokq ,efæ'

w' hà ;;ajhlg m;aëu ioyd \iàu;hka\ we;s lr .eksu'

wd' tu \iàu;h\ bgqlr .;yels oehs we.hsug (Evaluation) ,la lsrsu'

we' tu \iàu;h\ iajlsh wruqKq iu. ieifoa oehs we.hsu'

wE' \iàu;h\ ms,s.;a ëg wruqKq ie,iqà lsrsu isoqfë' bkamiq mqoa.,hskaf.a yeisru wruqKq lrd ,.d lrjhs’

44’ wruqKq ksYaÄ; iy wNsfhda.d;aul jq ëg tajd wNsfma%rK idOlhka f,i jvd;a m%;sM,odhs f,i mqoa., iy lKavdhà ls
%hdldrs;ajfhos ls%hdlrk nj mrAfhaCIlhka ëiska fmkajd os we; wruqK ;srKh lsrfàos fiajlhska iyNd.s lr.eksu" lemëu jrAOkhg fukau
wNSfma%rKh we;s lsrsug bjy,a jk nj mrAfhaICIlhka ;joqrg;a fmkajd os we;’ fiajlhkag Tjqkaf.a ls%hdldrs;ajh ms,snoj ksjeros miq
ëia;rhlao (Feed Back) wjYHh’ flfia fj;;a wjYH wruqK bgq lr .eksug Tjqka Wkkaoq l, hq;= w;r jev lrk l%u ksjeros l, hq;=h’