According to Dalton E. Mc.

Farland, “motivation
refers to the ways in which urges, drives , desires,
aspirations, striving or needs direct, control or explain
the behavior of human beings.”
THEORIES
OF
MASLOW’S NEEDS
THEORY
 HEZBERG’S
TWO FACTOR
THEORY
MCGREGOR’S THEORY X AND Y
• McGregor, an American
social psychologist ,
proposed theories on
behaviour of individuals at
work ,he has formulated 2
models X and Y
• THEORY X • THEORY Y
ASSUMPTIONS ASSUMPTIONS

• The average human • Effort in work is as

natural as work and
being has an play
inherent dislike of • Control and
work and will avoid punishment are not
the only ways to make
it if he/she can people work man will
• Most people must direct himself if he is
committed to the
be goals of the org
controlled/threaten • If a job is satisfying
ed if they are to then the result will
work hard be commitment to the
organisation
• The average human • The average man
prefers to be learns not only to
accept but to seek
directed, dislikes responsibility
responsibility, is
unambiguous, and
desires security
above everything
else
ALDERFER’S
ERG THEORY
 FORMULA

PERSON’S OUTCOME = OTHER’S OUTCOME

PERSONS’S INPUT OTHER’S INPUT
 CONDITON OF INEQUITY
o NEGATIVE

PERSON’S OUTCOME < OTHER’S OUTCOME

PERSONS’S INPUT OTHER’S INPUT

o POSTIVE
PERSON’S OUTCOME > OTHER’S OUTCOME
PERSONS’S INPUT OTHER’S INPUT
• NEED FOR POWER
• Differentiate from other
• Actual achievement of goal is less important than means by which goals
are achieve
• Position of influence and control

• NEED FOR AFFILIATION

• Important part of organization
• Interpersonal relationship

• NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT

• Goal oriented
• Needs immediate feedback
• Moderate task taken
• Dislike high risk
• Dislike easy task