4-الفصل الثاني

J١٠J


 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K١J٢ 
 K‫א‬٢J٢ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J٢ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J٢  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥J٢ 










J١١J
 W١J٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W،‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬L٢J٢
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬?? ‫א‬?‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،?
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J١٢J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ -
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬ W‫א‬ -
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE
،‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬W‫א‬  -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤٤٠،١٤٢٣،‫א‬FKE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٠٠٣،‫א‬F

 W‫א‬١J٢J٢
‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬?‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K…‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬FK‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،E٤٤١،١٤٢٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
 E٤٣٩،١٩٩٩،‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬
J١٣J
‫א‬‫א‬E٤٤٣،١٤٢٣F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬?
 ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٧١،١٤٢٣،‫א‬F?‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٤٦J٤٥،٢٠٠٠F‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬٢J٢J٢
E٣٨٥،١٤٢٢،FE١٤٢٣،‫א‬FE٢٠٠٣، ‫א‬F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬J١
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٤
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

J١٤J
 W‫א‬‫א‬٣J٢J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬?
،E٢٠٠٣،F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،E٤٤٥J٤٤٣،١٤٢٣،‫א‬F،E٢٠٠٣،‫א‬F
،E٢٠٠٣،‫א‬F،E١٩٩٩،F،E٢٧٧J٢٧٦،١٤٢٠،F
 W‫א‬‫א‬E٢١١J٢٠٨،١٤٢١،‫א‬F
‫א‬?‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W ‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫?א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KJ
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J١٥J
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ESelf – PacingF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬? ‫?א‬W‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬ -
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬?‫?א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬٤J٢J٢
‫א‬F،E٢٠٠٣،‫א‬F،E٤٤٦،١٤٢٣،‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩٩٥،F،E١٩٩٩،F،E٢٠٠٣،
 W

 W‫א‬J١
‫א‬ ‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J١٦J
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،J‫א‬
،‫א‬ F?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٠٠٣

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٢
،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩٩٥،F
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬ -

 W‫א‬‫א‬J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
 KE٢٠٠٣،‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬

J١٧J
 W‫א‬‫א‬J٤
،?‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،K
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
KKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١٩٩٥،FK‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬J٥
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩٩٩،FK
?‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١٩٩٥،FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E١٩٩٩F
J‫א‬J،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
?‫?א‬? ‫?א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J١٨J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
?K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩٩٥،F

 W‫א‬‫א‬٥J٢J٢
،١٨٨٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣٢٦J٣٢٥،١٤٢٤،‫א‬F،E٤٤٨،١٤٢٣،‫א‬F
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬?‫?א‬J٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٦
 K?‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬٦J٢J٢
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J١٩J
،‫א‬‫א‬?‫?א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٤٥٤J٤٥٣،١٤١٣،‫א‬F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩٩٥،F
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬J‫א‬J‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬?‫?א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE١٩٩٩،FK?‫א‬

 W‫א‬٧J٢J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ?،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W …‫א‬‫א‬
?EVidéo conférenceF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE٢٠٠٣،F
J٢٠J
?‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬F،E٢٠٠٣،F،E٢٠٠٣،F‫א‬
WE٢٠٠٣،
 W‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬
WMultimedia Authoring Systems‫א‬‫א‬  •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


J٢١J
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
F ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
KReal time and non-real time models‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 WEE-LearningF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٣J٢
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J٢٢J
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬١J٣J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤٢٤F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤٢٣F‫א‬
،،،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬E١٤٢٤F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E١٤٢٤F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E١٤٢٤F
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢٠٠٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J٢٣J
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J٣J٢
،‫א‬F،E٨٠J٧٩،١٤٢٣،‫א‬‫א‬F،E١٤٢٣،‫א‬F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٩J٣٨،١٤٢٣
WESynchronous E-learning‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EReal-time chatF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
WEAsynchronous E-learning‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



J٢٤J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J٣J٢
،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 WE١٤٢٤،‫א‬‫א‬F،E١٤٢٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ 
 ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 W‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J٢٥J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J٣J٢
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E١٤٢٤،‫א‬‫א‬F،E١٤٢٣،‫א‬F،E١٤٢٤،‫א‬ ‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬F،E٥٧J٤٨،١٤٢٣،‫א‬F،E٢٠٠٣،‫א‬F،E١٤٢٤،‫א‬F
 W‫א‬‫א‬E٣٢J٢٦،٢٠٠٣،
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬-
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EKKK،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J٢٦J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥J٣J٢
E٢٠٠٣،‫א‬F،E١٤٢٣،‫א‬ F،E١٤٢٤،‫א‬‫א‬F
 W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦J٣J٢
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬E١٤٢٤،‫א‬F،E١٤٢٤،‫א‬F
J٢٧J
 WCDJ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،EF‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 WEIntranetF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W ( The Internet) ‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WEVideo ConferencesF‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ 
‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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J٢٨J
 WAudio Conferences‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 K‫א‬E‫א‬F
 WInteractive Video‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WSatellite Programs‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬K،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬،
،Elight penF ‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE١٧،١٤٢٣،FK
J٢٩J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٤J٢
 W١J٤J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٤٢٢،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٧١،٢٠٠٠،   F
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬
 K‫א‬J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬J٣
 K‫א‬J٤
J٣٠J
 W‫א‬‫א‬٢J٤J٢
‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥،٢٠٠٠،‫א‬FK‫א‬…‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬٣J٤J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 WEWorld Wide WebF‫א‬‫א‬J١
،?
 KE٢١،٢٠٠٠،‫א‬FK?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 Ehyper textF‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ،‫א‬
 KE٢١،٢٠٠٠،‫א‬F
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEBrowsingF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 



J٣١J












 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١F

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 WE١٧٦،١٤٢٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬EKK‫א‬،،،
 WEE-mailF‫א‬‫א‬J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 EK…–––F
J٣٢J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 •
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 •
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢،
Hotmail •
،‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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Yahoo •
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
??‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
 ،Esalem @ ksu.edu.sa F‫א‬،‫א‬
EsalemF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Eksu F،Eksu.edu.sa F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 @‫א‬،EKing Saud UniversityF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬ saedu‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،?Eduction ?J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?Sa ?
 KE٦١،١٤٢٢،‫א‬FKESaudi ArabiaF‫א‬

J٣٣J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE١٧١،١٤٢٢،‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 WEchannelsF ‫א‬‫א‬J٣
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 E٢٤،٢٠٠٠، ‫א‬ F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

 WEusenet – news – newsgroupF‫א‬J٤
?
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢٥،٢٠٠٠، ‫א‬ F?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬
J٣٤J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 KE١٧٣،١٤٢٢،‫א‬FK‫א‬
 WEmailing listsF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?،‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٦،٢٠٠٠ ، ‫א‬F?‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 KE١٧٢،١٤٢٢،‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WEFILE TRANSFER PROTOCOLFTPF‫א‬J٦
‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،J‫א‬‫א‬
 KFTP‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬







 Ws-ftp‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F
J٣٥J
 WEchatF‫א‬J٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،?‫א‬??‫א‬?‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W،‫א‬
،‫א‬WMIRCJ١
 K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WPALTALKJ٢
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WMESSENGERJ٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 Hotmail‫א‬WE٣F

 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٧٥J١٧٤،٤٢٢،‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬
J٣٦J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J٤J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 W‫א‬J١
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E ١٩٩٨F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE٢٠٠١،‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٦٨،١٤٢٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٢
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬E١٩٩٦F‫א‬
JW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬JK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 KE٢٠٠١،‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬JK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

J٣٧J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٣
،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ E١٩٩٨F
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
City‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬?portfolios?‫א‬‫א‬،?Bugs”
 KE٢٠٠١،‫א‬FK‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
…‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣٢٥،١٤١٩،‫א‬‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬
KEElectronic BooksF‫א‬‫א‬-
KEPeriodicalsF‫א‬-
KEData BasesF‫א‬‫א‬-
KEEncyclopediasF‫א‬-
 KEEducational sitesF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
NationalF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EComputer board, NCB
 KE٨٧،١٤٢٠،‫א‬‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

J٣٨J
 W‫א‬‫א‬J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E١٩٩٨F 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٠٠١،‫א‬FK٤٥

 W‫א‬‫א‬J٦
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٠٥،٢٠٠١،FK

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،…‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١١٦،١٩٩٩،FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
J٣٩J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٤٠،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١١٨،١٩٩٩،FK‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WJ٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 KE٢٠٠١،‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١٦٩،١٤٢٢،‫א‬FK‫א‬
 W J١٠
‫א‬‫א‬ ،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J٤٠J
‫א‬‫א‬ 
K
،?longitudinal study?‫א‬،E١٩٩٥F
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٠٠١،‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬J١١
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE١٩٢،١٤٢٣،‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥J٤J٢
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬…
،‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٧٧،١٤٢٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٢
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
J٤١J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
KE١٩٩٥،F

W‫א‬‫א‬J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١٩٩٧F‫א‬
‫?א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬،?‫א‬
 E٢٠٠١،‫א‬FK?hypertext links?‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٤
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬FK٪١‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٧٨،١٤٢٢
‫א‬E٩٢،١٤٢٠F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٢٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬


J٤٢J
 W‫א‬‫א‬J٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩٩٧F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?Arkansas at Little Rock?
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬technical support‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٠٠١،‫א‬FK‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE١٧٩،١٤٢٢،‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
?،?‫א‬? ‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٤٢٣،FK?‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩٩٨F
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K
J٤٣J
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩٩٨ F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE٢٠٠١

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٨
‫א‬KKK،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٩٢J٩١،١٤٢٠،‫א‬‫א‬F

 W‫א‬J٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
٥٦F‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٨٠،١٤٢٢،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩٩٧F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?Arkansas at Little Rock?‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٠٠١،‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

J٤٤J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٠٠١،‫א‬FK‫א‬

 W‫א‬٦J٤J٢
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J١
 ‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،،‫א‬
‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٦٩،٢٠٠٢،‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠٠٠ F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٢٠٠١،‫א‬F

 W‫א‬‫א‬J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩٩٨F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J٤٥J
 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٩٩٦F ‫א‬

?‫א‬?،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬، information science
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩٩٩F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
KE٢٠٠١،‫א‬F

 W‫א‬J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١٩٩٨‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٤٢٢،‫א‬FK‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٥
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٤٢٢،‫א‬F

J٤٦J
 W‫א‬J٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٧٣،١٩٩٨،F
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٢٥،٢٠٠٣،FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬J٧
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ?‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K٢٠٠١١٩ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١٤٢٢،‫א‬FK

 W‫א‬‫א‬J٨
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
J٤٧J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫?א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEDefacingF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٤٢٢،‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Evirtual classroomF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬٥J٢
١J٥J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩٩٥F،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٠٠١،‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 KEDistance EducationF‫ א‬-
 KEInteractive webF‫א‬‫ א‬-
 KEPaper Less WorldF‫א‬ -
 KEUniversity without wallsF‫א‬ -
 KELearning for the FutureF‫א‬ -
J٤٨J
 KEE-School and E-universityF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-

 KEVirtual learning environmentF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 KE٣٥١،٢٠٠١،FKEVirtual UniversitiesF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 KEDigital contentF‫א‬‫ א‬-
 KEE.LearningF‫א‬‫ א‬-
 KEsmart classroomF‫א‬‫ א‬-
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬…‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢١،١٤٢٣،F‫א‬‫א‬
 
: ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J٥J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫?א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬K…
 KE٢٣٠،٢٠٠٠،FK?‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEhttp://elearning.emoe.orgFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬? 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
J٤٩J
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١٩٧،١٤٢٣،‫א‬FK?‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E F‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KK‫א‬‫א‬

: ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J٥J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١٥J١١٤،٢٠٠٠،F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
J٥٠J
 ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J٥J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE١٤٢٣،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
: E Asynchronous )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J١
?Self-Paced E-Learning ?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K?Asynchronous? ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
 KE١٤٢٣،‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
J٥١J
 W‫א‬
 Wwww.claroline.netEclarolineF 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬claroline
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ claroline
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬J٢
 KE…–F‫א‬‫א‬J٣
 K‫א‬J٤
 KEFJ٥
 K‫א‬J٦
 K‫א‬J٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬J٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٩
 claroline‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٤F
J٥٢J
 claroline‫א‬WE٥F
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٤
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬J٧
 claroline‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٦F
J٥٣J
 claroline‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٧F
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 WEwww.moodle.comF moodle‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Moodle‫א‬‫א‬WE٨F
J٥٤J
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K…‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 Moodle‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٩F
 Moodle‫א‬‫א‬WE١٠F
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 Moodle‫א‬‫א‬WE١١F
J٥٥J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬J٤
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 E٧٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 http://www.rightgen.com/schoolgen/demo
 KEadminF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 WEwww.webct.comFWebCT 
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEwebcourses.kfupm.edu.saF‫א‬‫א‬Ewebct.ksu.edu.saF
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٠٠٣،‫א‬FK
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E WebCTF
 KE٢٠٠٣،‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WebCTWE١٢F
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KHTML‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J١
 K‫א‬J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٤
 K‫א‬J٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٨
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 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WebCT‫א‬‫א‬WE١٣F
 WebCT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٤F
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 WebCT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٥F
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 WebCT‫א‬WE١٦F
 WebCT‫א‬WE١٧F
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 WEwww.blackboard.comFBlackBoard 
‫א‬،‫א‬ ،‫א‬
 KEbb.kfupm.edu.saF‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 –F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬E‫א‬KKJ
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 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WEAudioconferencingF‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ 
 KE١٤٢٣،‫א‬F
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 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬J٣
‫א‬EFE‫א‬‫א‬FJ٤
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J١١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J١٢
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WEwww.paltalk.comFpaltalk 
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،‫א‬‫א‬ ،
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬
 WEwww.roomtalk.netFroomtalk 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 http://www.roomtalk.net/supportar.htm
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 roomtalk‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٠F
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 WEhttp://www.hpe-learning.comFhp virtual classroom 

‫א‬‫א‬EHPF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 http://www.hpe-learning.com/store/default.asp
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hp virtual classroom‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢١F
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 WEwww.centra.comFcentra 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 http://www.centra.com/demovideo/index.asp
F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E
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 WEhttp://www.edtlearning.comFlearnlinc 
ECentraF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 http://www.learnlinc.com/virtualdemo/index.htm
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 http://www.edtlearning.com/events/Deminar_events.cfm
 learnlinc‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٢F
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 W‫א‬‫א‬٥J٥J٢
 W ( Virtual SchoolF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J١
‫א‬J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
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‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬FK،، 
 KE١٤٢٣
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 KKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE١٥٠،١٤٢٢،‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
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 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 WEwww.evt.edunet.tnF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
J٦٥J
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٣F
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 W ( Virtual UniversityF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٢
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
?،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
KE٢٧،١٤٢٣،‫א‬FK?
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J٦٦J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٠٠٢،‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 EPhoenixF 
،E٤٠{٠٠٠F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٪١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E٤٠٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬
،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F ٢٣
،‫א‬‫א‬،
E١٠F‫א‬‫א‬––‫א‬،
 K
،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E٥F‫א‬E٥FE٨٠٠F
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬E٪١٠F‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣٩٥J٣٩٤،١٩٩٩،F

 Ewww.svuonline.org/Arab.SVU/index.aspF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J٦٧J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٤F

‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WEWebCTFJ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WERoomTalkFJ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
KEF‫א‬EFEF
 KE٢٣،١٩٩٦،‫א‬F


4-الفصل الثاني

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J١٠J

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩٩٨ F

 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٩٩٦F ‫א‬

 KEE-School and E-universityF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-

 WEhttp://www.hpe-learning.comFhp virtual classroom 

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4-الفصل الثاني

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J١٠J

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩٩٨ F

 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٩٩٦F ‫א‬

 KEE-School and E-universityF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-

 WEhttp://www.hpe-learning.comFhp virtual classroom  

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 WEhttp://www.hpe-learning.comFhp virtual classroom 