J٦٨J



 ‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 K‫א‬L ‰ 
 K‫א‬L ‰ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L ‰ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬ ‰ 

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 J٦٩J

 W‫א‬L ‰
 E٢٠٠٣F‫א‬‫א‬J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٨“Information’ ‘network Security?
٢٢‫א‬٢٠٠٢
EWebCT F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٠٠ ،‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬٪٩٠‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K٪٨٥
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -

،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

 E١٤٢٣F‫א‬‫א‬J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J٧٠J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E١٤٢٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬،٣٤‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٠{٠٥F‫א‬J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 J٧١J

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KERoomTalkF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 KEWebCTF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 E٢٠٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 J٧٢J

 WE١٩٩٩F‫א‬‫א‬J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 E٪٠{٠٥F‫א‬J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٪٠{٠٥F ‫א‬J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J٧٣J

 :‫א‬L ‰

 E١٤٢٣F‫א‬J١
‫א‬‫א‬E١٤٢٣،‫א‬F‫א‬
،ECalrifornia State UniversityF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٣ ،‫א‬‫א‬
SocialF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EStatistic
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬٪٢٠‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 KEK…،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E٢٠٠٢F‫א‬J٢
 EWebCT)W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬JE WebCTF
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EWebCTF‫א‬J
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٤٦F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬٢٠٠٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
J٧٤J

 K‫א‬EWebCTFJ
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٠{٠٥F‫א‬J
EWebCTF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EWebCTF‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
،‫א‬‫א‬EWebCTFW‫א‬
EWebCTF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E٢٠٠٢F Kamin‫א‬J٣
‫א‬(L.I.V.E)‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬ (PBL ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،(L.I.V.E)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
 W،١٢٨‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -
 J٧٥J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-

 E٢٠٠٢FRyan‫א‬‫א‬J٤
 K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢٠٠٠J١٩٩٩EF‫א‬ELakelandF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E٢٠٠٢FHalsne‫א‬J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
J٧٦J

 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
،٢٠٠١‫א‬‫א‬١٦٤٢‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٥٨٧‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬،٪٥٧{٩،٣٤٠‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪١٠٠‫א‬
،٢٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K٢٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E٢٠٠٢F Sorókina‫א‬J٦
‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،(UAM-AF
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
J٧٧J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬

 E٢٠٠١FClark‫א‬J٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،٢٠٠١LL‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬٤٤
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٢
 K٣٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬‫א‬F-٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٤
‫א‬، ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬



J٧٨J

 E٢٠٠١FFeldmann & Schlageter ‫א‬J٨

 K‫א‬J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،١٩٩٦
 K‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٢٠٠١٠{٠٠٠ 
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 E٢٠٠٠F Evans‫א‬J٩
 KW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(Santa Fe)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J٧٩J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(PowerPointF
،(stat pack)‫א‬
(F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، stat talk
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E٢٠٠٠F Kennedy & McCallister‫א‬J١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٩٩٩١٩٩٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢٣E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
E‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K٣٧
 K٦٩E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫ א‬-
E٠{٠٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬E٠{٠٥F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J٨٠J

 E٢٠٠٠FTirri & Nevgi‫א‬J١١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(Finland)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
١٩٩٥‫א‬‫א‬ EApajaF
 K١٩٩٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E١٩٩٩F Young‫א‬J١٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،EF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬١٩٩٨J١٩٩٧K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
J٨١J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -

 E١٩٩٩F Williams‫א‬J١٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E٢FK‫א‬E١F
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٤FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
 K‫א‬E٦FK‫א‬‫א‬E٥F
 K‫א‬E٨FK‫א‬E٧F
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،



 J٨٢J

 E١٩٩٩F Mende‫א‬J١٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEWebCTF
 ECambrianF١٩٩٩
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬EWebCTF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
،٣٦،E٧٦F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 E١٩٩٩F Lan‫א‬J١٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ?‫א‬?W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 J٨٣J

K‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬١٠J٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -

 E١٩٩٩FStevens‫א‬J١٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J٨٤J

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
EFEF‫א‬J
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬??
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E١٩٩٨F Urven‫א‬‫א‬J١٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EuwwF‫א‬‫א‬ ،١٩٩٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J٨٥J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(DSL)‫א‬‫א‬

 E١٩٩٨FBaxter & Miller‫א‬J١٨
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٪٣٨F،‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٩٩٧FCarlson‫א‬J١٩
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
J٨٦J

 E١٩٩٧FNelson‫א‬J٢٠
W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(CASPER)
 ١٩٩٧E‫א‬F 
،‫א‬‫א‬ EIBDLF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

 E١٩٩٧FSchutte‫א‬J٢١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J٨٧J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٩٤J٩٣،١٤٢٢،‫א‬F

 E١٩٩٤FWilson‫א‬J٢٢
WEIMDLF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EFRensselaer‫א‬?EIMDLF
 .EAT&TF
EAT&TF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EAT&TFERensselaerF
‫א‬EVIDEO TELECONFERENCE F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬FE‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J٨٨J

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L ‰
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬J١
‫א‬ ،E١٤٢٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E١٤٢٣F‫א‬،E٢٠٠٢F
،E٢٠٠٠ )‫א‬،E٢٠٠٢F‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٠٠٢F
 KE١٩٩٩)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE٢٠٠٢)‫א‬،E٢٠٠٢)‫א‬،E١٩٩٩F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،E١٩٩٩)‫א‬،E١٩٩٩)‫א‬،E٢٠٠١)
 KE١٩٩٩)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٤
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E١٤٢٣F‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٠٠٣F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٠٠٠)‫א‬،E٢٠٠١ )
 KE١٩٩٧)‫א‬،E١٩٩٨)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٥
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E١٩٩٧)‫א‬،E٢٠٠٠F‫א‬
 KE١٩٩٨F
 J٨٩J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٦
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢٠٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KERoomTalkF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 KEWebCTF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 KE٢٠٠١)
 KE١٩٩٩)‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
،E٢٠٠١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 KE١٩٩٨F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬،E١٤٢٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٠٠٣F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E١٤٢٣F‫א‬،E٢٠٠٢F
،E٢٠٠٢F‫א‬،E٢٠٠٢F‫א‬،E٢٠٠٢F
 KE٢٠٠١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 KE١٩٩٨F‫א‬‫א‬،E١٩٩٩)
 J٩٠J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،ERoomtalkF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،EWebCTF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٣
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٤
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٣
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬
 J٩١J

‫א‬‫א‬،E١٤٢٣،‫א‬‫א‬F?‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢١‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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