‫

‬

‫
א

אو

‬
‫
دو
و אא   ‬
‫ ون  ‬
‫א! א د‪'()K‬א&‪%‬א ‪#‬א‪$‬و‪K#‬א‪(*+‬א ‪ ,-‬وא‪-‬موא‪KE3112F
%.‬א‪$9+‬א ‪678-#‬وא‪;()<;F5$‬א‪:8‬א ‪ E(-#‬‬
‫‪٢٠١٠H 2١٣‬م ‬ ‫‪' ٢٨ J٢٦‬א‪،FG١٤٣١#.‬א‪+‬א
‪J١١D‬‬

‫ ‬ ‫‬
‫ ‬ ‫‬
‫ ‬
‫ ‬

‫

‬
‫א
אא

‬
‫ذ
دא
א

א

‬
‫وא'ط
‪
#$
%‬א"!


‬
‫‪
.‬א‪
(,-‬א‪

()*+‬‬

‫‪/0‬אد‬
‫‪

J١‬א
א)
‪

ً!()
ً4.5

6
57
8 -‬‬
‫‪

J٢‬א
‪
=/‬א<
‪
:;/‬א‪ً/!
ً4.5
,(-‬א

‬
‫‪
D!E‬א‪
AC,‬و‪
(;
@
AB7‬א 
@
א?
א>د(

‬
‫ ‬


‫
א>ول‬F'=‫א‬


‫
אم
;א‬#‫א‬


JCI ‫א‬
J١

J١
JF $(K$L ‫א‬M‫د‬GN-;‫م‬1‫وא‬OP‫وא‬،QD-‫א‬$R،S$(T‫א‬
 F‫؛‬$ 
،V‫د ووא‬N-;J ‫و‬،S‫א‬$8;
[F $\‫^]א‬+‫א‬5_‫ن‬1‫`א‬W9 ‫&א‬1-
J  X‫א‬O3
D-YZ
a2F`bFYc‫א‬5Fd-F‫ و‬X‫نא‬3‫א

ن‬Y‫א‬J ‫
ن‬$ ،OT‫א‬J‫ د‬He
:F‫ذ‬،F(9g‫م‬F[H&‫
ن‬J h%J(;i78‫و‬، j ,‫ق‬$K‫א‬Yl8mJ
FFF881FFF+‫א‬#-
FFF3‫ א‬XFFF‫א‬neFFFoHFFF(;nFFF% LFFFG
$FFFW
H3FFFZp1FFFc‫
نא‬
FF8-ZNFF-;O‫د‬FFeFF‫لא‬FFr
FF9 $FFZVn1FF FF9s- ‫ل‬FFWFF8`‫&א‬PFF
 K9 n -Y+‫א‬
H3F F(Z9F-`F uF_‫א‬nF % JF nF9t
‫ن‬2‫א و‬+‫;א‬P‫وא‬
;FFr‫و‬،FF (; FF‫א‬FF+‫;א‬PFF‫
نא‬#FF&V:FF‫نذ‬2V2‫؛‬n‫א‬FF%‫א‬vFF;‫د‬FFY
nFF;Y‫ و‬،;PFF‫א‬nFF`W‫א‬HFFe#FFYwZFF ‫ذج‬FFy‫و‬n‫؛
دوא‬$FF FFYZFF+ XFF‫א‬
 KL9Z`W‫وא‬9 - +‫א‬
J(FF|FF9Z-(;‫و‬9YFF
}FFeZ FF‫א‬FF+‫;א‬PF ‫א‬NFF-;hF l{،LFFzJFF ‫و‬
6‫אد‬FFFW XFFFZOFFFp‫[دא‬HFFF(Z‫}ل‬FFFZ~ FFF‫ א‬XFFF‫א‬neFFF
،O‫د‬$FFFKnFFF;Y
hFbFl ‫א‬F X‫א‬n;Y%‫[א‬H(-9< H%‫א‬W[،‫ص‬lH3 n‫א‬1‫א‬
FFF(‫א‬nFFF;YFFF
eFFF9Z-(;‫و‬9YFFFX #FFFYwZV#F F9
،FFF-. NFFFYl‫و‬$$FFFo
 KL9Z`W‫وא‬
6‫אد‬FFFW]FFF‚FFFYw FFF‫ א‬XFFF‫א‬neFFF(-1FFF+‫א‬FFF`WPFFF%ZV
„78Fr
‫ن
ن‬F3gF(G ‫א‬JF n$Fs XF‫;א‬Fr‫ن‬2HF ،MF78‫א‬J7F‫
وא‬،ƒ1‫א‬
‫ن‬1F…F; nF8s‫و‬nF`W8-ZN-;9Z$% ‫د‬PV‫}אج[א‬peJ O}e
F J$&1F+‫وא‬F(H&3Z†rƒ
ZN-;Z$ X--
،&-^+‫;(א‬HW‫ א‬v;
،‰FWF$‫
وא‬9 9
,‫א‬W1‫وא‬،H%‫وא‬،7P‫وא‬،L-‫عא‬Y[`ˆ
]FF^+‫א‬JFF FF(T‫א‬n $FFlJFF  XFF‫א‬neFFoFF $%ZFF NFF-;O‫و‬FF;،EOFF(;‫
و‬
 K
‫و‬+‫א‬
،‫(א‬FV‫وא‬uF_‫א‬NF-;FZ$% PF‫ذج‬Fy‫ل‬FlJ L‫
ن‬#w8:‫
نذ‬$
F ‫א‬Hr‫ذא و‬2‫و‬،‹(;
&PZN-;e‫א‬vdW‫
د‬O1l]^+‫دونאض‬
H3F $Fp‫'אא‬F‫ز‬Z‫و‬،n ‫}א‬V 
‫א‬N-;‫نא(ذجدא‬3‫
ن‬#w8T‫א‬h‹
 K;‫אא‬$P+‫א‬D%H&3

١
JFF O‫د‬$FF+‫طא‬FFy ‫א‬hFG'FF FF-;& ƒFFs‫}ل‬FZ~ FF‫ א‬XFF‫א‬neFFo‫ن‬2
nFFF`WV‫א‬hFFFGHFFF. FFF-ZFFF n‫م
دوא‬$FFF%Z~‫ذ‬2‫؛‬F F&-^+‫א‬nFFF;Y%‫[א‬n $FFFc‫א‬
$FFr% DFF%ˆH3FF ‫و‬،# FF‫א‬FF%&‫لא‬FFr
‫و‬$FF;‫'א‬FF DFF
‫ א‬H3FF nFF8s‫وא‬
?FW XF‫[א‬$F(+‫א‬M$F‫ذ جא‬F(‫א‬a2'F`‫א‬:F‫وذ‬K&1F-
‫ و‬F‫א'א‬
['F‫א‬# F‫  א‬XF‫وאدא‬$F; P‫א‬J H`Mh‫وא‬،?;v‫و|א‬+‫ذجא‬y
[FF$-%‫א‬FF+‫א‬n‫א دوא‬F ‫ط‬%FF‫א‬FF_9 ‫אم‬$^F‫ وא‬،FF)‫ و א‬XFF‫א‬n $Fl
[
  $^1FF+‫א‬n‫ƒאدא دوא‬FF‫وא‬،FF+‫א‬YFF ‫א‬JFF ‫ع‬FF‫אא‬hFFGNFF-;# FF‫ א‬XFF‫א‬
F(p‫א‬n91F‫
وא‬،F ‫א‬O$p&‫א‬N-;
O$( 9eLsM$-%‫ א‬X‫א‬
 K ‫`ن[א‬$ (Gg،9 (pV‫א‬8Y‫א‬n‫ذא‬+‫אא
א‬N-;O$(+‫א‬
- FF+‫ƒא‬GFF‘FF%zJFF ‫}א‬FF`n$(FF‫א‬# FF‫ א‬XFF‫א‬neFFo„FeFF+‫و‬
F ‫وא‬F ;# F‫'א‬F‫مא‬F3W
F’FgHF(ZVF n1{ 939
 PFF‫א‬FF*n $FFc‫ א‬XFFZ‫ع‬FFY[‫ذج‬FFy‫و‬n‫
دوא‬L$FF%ZNFF-;‫م‬$• F%Z“ ~FF9”
‫؛‬FFrl
،F ‫א‬5Fd–F`‫?و‬FF .F F-.(+‫א‬# F‫ א‬XF‫א‬$;‫א‬J ‫د‬$;Ht[:‫ذ‬PZ
‫ع‬vFF‫א‬FF ‫}ج‬FF+‫א‬NFF-;LpFF%‫א‬#FFT‫ א‬XFF‫ذجא‬FFyHFFt[،FFW&‫א‬FF9!‫وא‬FFw‫وא‬
 K|‫و‬+‫وא‬



‫;
אא‬K
J٢

J١
F+‫;א‬P‫[א‬#  ‫دو‬J # ‫ א‬X‫م א‬% QiW8‫—א‬$
،(-1F+‫א‬nF(_(-#F+‫وא‬#;F(`V‫אא‬%FV‫و[א‬$F‫אא‬hFG(G
$ ‫و‬، ‫א‬
nFFF`WV‫א‬JFFF O‫د‬$FFF ™p‫א‬FFFo–FFFVn‫א‬$FFFJFFF # FFF‫ א‬XFFF‫א‬FFF3-˜FFF ‫و‬
 K X‫ 'א‬- (-n8s‫وא‬
O1c‫א‬WJ $$‫š
א‬# ‫ א‬X‫قא‬Y‫א‬n LG
$W
‫ƒ
ن‬s
8FZ‫و‬،F9
‫ع‬F‫א‬8d n‫ل
دوא‬W7|‫›وא‬:-˜‫ض‹دون
ن‬$œ‫א‬
œF‫א‬n $Fc‫א‬F;NF-;F3‫א‬MhF‫א‬F ‫אא‬hFG،F9;‫لو‬FWF9 HF ‫א‬F&e
 XFFF‫א‬YFFF
HFFF 3ZO‫و‬FFF|FFF‫ذ‬2iFFFW8‫وא‬،FFF(# FFF‫ א‬XFFF‫א‬9 $FFF%
‫ذج‬FFyFF a2FF‫א‬$‫א‬hFFG‫ل‬FFlJFF N1FFFF”
‫؛‬OFF3&‫א‬uFF_(FF|# FF‫א‬
†PFF‫א‬HFFr&Z[iFFW8‫(و
نא‬FFK# FF‫ א‬XFF‫[א‬FF%8YZJFF3˜eFF+‫א‬
F|‫و‬+‫?א‬#FT‫ذجא‬F(‫א‬D
‫ א و‬X‫א‬neoH8J  $%+‫א‬+‫א‬n‫وא دوא‬
YFF ‫א‬JFF ‫ع‬FF‫אא‬hFFGFF9-;MFFYœFF‫א‬FF(-‫א‬n3FFo‫عא‬FFZžFF7-،?FF;v‫א‬
 K X‫א‬
،O1Fc‫א‬FW[ XF‫א‬neFo&PFZ<FF $F;F-`F9*Zœ‫وא‬
 WF -.(+‫وא‬

٢
  9‫ز‬Z&e‫و‬O1c‫א‬$$ E١
 K X‫א‬ ‫ 
]א‬$‫א‬n‫ * א‬L%Z E٢
F
‫א‬NF-;O‫د‬F‫ن‬F3Z‫ دون
ن‬XF‫א‬eFoN-;8Z,+‫א‬n ‫ل}א‬-Wu‫א‬,‫ א‬E٣
 KO1^-_9
nFsF ‫و‬،$Fr% ‫א'و‬$;‫ 'א‬W ‫(ل‬+‫ א‬X‫ذجא‬yD
‫א‬Z$ E٤
 KL9Z‫א‬PZ‫ و‬- +‫א‬
'FF 9 _1FF‫مא‬$FF O1FFc‫لא‬FFW XFF‫א‬neFFo&PFFZ[-3FF+‫א‬j^-FFZ
MhFF‫א‬5FFe+‫א‬#‫و‬FF‫ א‬XFF‫نא‬2‫ذ‬2‫؛‬FF|‫و‬+‫عوא‬vFF‫א‬FF FF`‫ز‬+‫א‬FF$‫א‬FF *+‫א‬
‫ل‬F+‫א‬JF F †F-8 '
$F F
—,F HFeF8`g‫}م‬-#;‘ XZ$%;FX r
DFF%$FF;J <FF‫وא‬HFF
3‫سא‬FF
NFF-;L9FF J<FF+‫א‬¢FF‫ع‬vFF‫א‬H8FFNFF-;
‫س‬FF
NFF-;PFFP^ eFFoHFF8JFF FF X‫א‬nFF-(‫א‬FF
‫א‬$FFZ‫و‬FF J {FF+‫א‬FFYc‫א‬
&PF‫א‬nF8Z5F_F
‫ل‬F-WL$F%ZN-;‫ندא‬3V$KE١FE‫م‬- `X e‫א‬
 KO1c‫لא‬W
$F;‫א‬%‫وא‬#-
F3‫ א‬X‫א‬%%WJ;3
[‫|ع‬+‫אא‬hG(G
J(3Z‫و‬
 K‫؟‬l
£o‫ن‬3Z‫
ن‬5m
‫ع
م‬vZ‫
م‬،|‫ و‬#GHG،(eT‫א‬
 W#‫א‬7‫א‬N-;# ‫ א‬X‫א‬N-;n3+‫א‬hG„13‫؛א‬-P\‫و[א‬
‫ אد‬F
¥n $Fc‫عא‬FY[ XF‫א‬neo$; ‫א‬+‫א‬n‫[א دوא‬j% E١
F‫ }دو`א د؛‬-3 6$W
¦
‫ع‬FFYa2‫ل‬l$FF‫א‬JFF;j%FF‫אא‬hFFGHFFt[# FF‫ א‬XFF‫א‬neFFo}FF_;

NF-;„1F3‫(א‬.F‫صא‬F
‫ع‬F|:F‫ذ‬NF-;5FZF¦F(‫א‬$F;# 
،FFl
FF9`JFF HFF` ‫א‬OƒPFF1FF‫א‬O‫دא‬2OFF&eNFF-;‫و‬،FF9`JFF FF9b
KO1c‫(א‬W‫א‬D(; G‫و‬
‫ع‬FFFY[# FFF‫ א‬XFFF‫'א‬FFF - FFF+‫א‬FFF(‫א‬nFFF8s‫و‬nFFF`W‫א‬# FFFZ

 XF‫א‬neFo‫ن‬F3Z‫دون
ن‬nVF§‫א‬F
e[‫و‬،‫د‬Y H3 n $c‫א‬
H3FF L9ZFF8s‫و‬L9ZFF`W‫א‬FF8-ZNFF-;O‫د‬FFFF9 ‫ن‬- FFœFF‫א‬# FF‫א‬
FF%zNFF-;8-FFFF3‫א‬FF¦# FF‫'א‬FF‫א‬$FF;‫موא‬FF3W
'FF DFF
‫ א‬
‫د‬FF ‫א‬HFF 3 #FF ‫م‬FF*L$FF%ZNFF-;# FF‫ א‬XFF‫א‬O$FF$FFgFF(‫א‬
K X‫[א‬M$-%‫א*مא‬J;‫א‬$

$FR
،LF7- ،١٩٣،‫؟‬MFd‫
م‬#‫و‬Z XZ5e+‫א‬# ‫ א‬X‫א‬HG،E٢٠٠٩FLW‫א‬$8;،#Z;1‫ א‬E١F
 K٧٨‫ص‬،١‫ط‬،# ‫א‬#‫ אو‬X‫א‬E٢٠٠٠F

٣
  KW,%+‫†א‬P‫א‬J ƒ.e[9!‫א‬N-;O‫وא ;و‬w‫א‬D% E٢
F-(; ‫א‬F]
JF 81F3+‫א‬$Fp‫א‬-#F+‫قא‬%7FV‫א‬D%;o[:3‫ א‬E٣
‫م‬$F;‫”ن‬F
‫؛‬# ‫אج[א'א‬H ‫;א‬N-;$p‫ز'אא‬Z*D
‫ و‬X‫א‬
‫< 
م‬FF+‫سא‬FF
NFF-;FFGHFFG‫ل‬FF+‫
سא‬FF‫
م‬HFF(-FF $% eFF‫نא‬FFeuFF|‫و‬
$FF ‫ل‬FFWn3FFo2ƒ.FFKKKFF;8Z‫א‬5FFmFFl
‫ذج‬FFy—FFG‫
م‬FFe‫
مא‬OFF`‫א‬
K%%\‫א‬$p‫א‬- ‫ א‬X‫א‬-(‫א‬ ‫ق
]א‬%7‫;א‬o
FF7`‫א‬FF+‫א‬O‫אدא‬$FF;‫'א‬FF LpFF%‫ذجא‬FF(-$FF FFW‫و‬Y+‫א‬FF3
‫<א‬FF E٤
'Fª‫ود‬$FW‫و`د‬Ht#&
،b‫وא‬،1‫وא‬،O]^+‫א‬W ‫אز‬+‫[א‬-.(+‫وא‬
a2'FF`F 9 ‫ن‬FFeFF FFrl# FF‫ א‬XFF-#FFb‫א‬$FFp‫א‬nV$FF 'FF
JFF
JF O‫د‬$F ‫ אع‬e‫א‬L$%Z‫؛
”ن‬M$-%‫ א‬X‫ 'א‬o8 H3 ‫و‬1
‫א‬
H3FF z{FFFF-]‫ن‬FF3Z$FFFF ‫ز‬n‫א‬,FF&‫و‬FF9`2‫د‬PFF JFF  XFF‫א‬n $FFl
 Kl
9`J 1‫א‬O‫دא‬2N-;‫و‬،9`J O]^+‫א‬nV$ N-;ƒ8e
FF!+FF`bFF”
‫؛‬$FF;‫عوא‬FFYFFGFFg# FF‫ א‬XFF‫[א‬n $FFc‫عא‬FFY‫ن‬2
‫م‬$FF%MhFF‫א‬#FF+‫ذجא‬FF(‫א‬FF 9FF
NFF-;LFF7FF|‫ووא‬O‫د‬$FFKn‫אא‬FF`2‫م‬$FF%ZFFG`
'FF HFF +‫א‬HFF8JFF FF -Y+‫א‬FF&(-O
FF+‫א‬FF X‫א‬FF $c‫א‬NFF-;‫ل‬PFFT‫א‬FF3 2
 K$r% ‫و‬# ‫]א}אم 'א‬2[:‫ذ‬He، ‫ א‬X‫א‬eo
‫ود‬$FFW[‫و‬، FF‫ א‬XFF‫א‬eFFoHFF8JFF FF%+‫א‬FFb‫א‬DFF%ˆH3FF ‫و‬
 XFFF‫א‬eFFFo[1FFF‫א‬O‫دא‬2n‫אא‬FFF`2‫و‬$FFF;‫'א‬FFF 5FFFFFFg‫و‬،FFF8% ]FFF‚
 K ‫א‬

‫(
אא‬MN7
J٣

J١
# ‫ א‬X‫ א‬$%Z Ht[ً ¬ +;# ‫ א‬X‫  وא‬X ‫(م‬GV‫א‬# Z
O‫<و‬F‫א‬JF HFmF ‫א‬hFG‫و‬،nVF§‫وא‬n;Y%‫
א‬e[- o(‫
قوא‬J
 W‫ن‬3g
­FZF ‫ذج‬Fy‫و‬n‫
دوא‬L$F% ، F‫א‬F+‫א‬n $Fc‫;א‬r}}Z‫و‬YZ K١
K X‫ [א‬Gn3
L$F%®Z‫ل‬FlJF • F‫•א‬F+‫א‬n $Fc‫;א‬Fr
&Fo‫و‬F ®FY‰‫ א®و‬K٢
K• ‫¯א‬°‫د‬8 ' %1¬ O$$`ƒ
# F‫ א‬XF‫[א‬F%8YZ‫ق‬F]‫•א&¬̄لو‬ ‫א‬o‫א‬n± ‫א‬n‫دא‬o‫א‬L$%Z K٣
• ;PFFƒFF FFYZ‫و‬،n $FFc‫لא‬FF)[²  FF2²FF ®nFF_®“ ‫م‬$FF%®ZœFF‫א‬
K]^(-‫אض‬O‫دא‬2‫وسو‬$$[$;1Z• ‫•א‬+‫א‬n $c‫א‬

٤
• ;FFr[•F ¬&‫א‬FF ‫[א‬L9Z‫א‬FF9 FF(Z‫&و‬tFF+‫א‬5$FFZ‫¯و‬FFYZNFF-;HFF(‫ א‬K٤
‫ن‬F [PFP^ F
 O$F;ƒ
FZ‫ل‬FlJ :‫وذ‬،•  ‫•א‬+‫א‬n $c‫א‬
K# ‫ 'א'א‬D1 H3 # ‫ א‬X‫[א‬n $c‫א‬L$%Z&e

‫א‬FFZFF‫ود‬$K581FF O$FF%  FF‫א‬FF+‫א‬n1FF{(-1FF‫]א‬FF‚O‫دא‬2‫ن‬2 K٥
1FFFF-FFF7‫א‬FFF8‫א‬FFF|‫و‬،‫אول‬$FFFF-FFF- %‫ א‬FFF‫א‬FFF+‫قא‬1FFF‫א‬n‫
دوא‬
FFF n‫
دوא‬FFF]2[(G1FFF  XFFF-u,FFF%+‫א‬#FFF+‫ذجא‬FFF(‫א‬H3FFF‫و‬،FFF *‫א‬
O‫دא‬O$FFF`nFFF3 2
FFFZ‫و‬،# FFF‫א‬#FFF+‫قא‬1FFF‫א‬n‫´
دوא‬  F FZFFF93˜
K# ‫ א‬X‫[א‬1‫א‬
FF-l‫א‬$‫<א ´א‬FF-81FF‫א دوאא‬$FF$7 ‫و‬F FF‫א‬°‫د‬FF8+‫ل‬FF. V‫א‬FF`‫ א‬$FF K٦
1Fp‫א‬HF ‫אא‬$FW
F
‫א‬o‫א`א‬+‫وא‬،`c‫א‬%$+‫وא‬،D$‫א‬n-(;‫و‬
، FF‫א‬FF‫א‬°‫د‬FF8+‫ل‬FF. V‫مא‬$FF;FFµ]FF‚‫و‬-wFF‫]א‬FF^+‫א‬jFF-%
# F‫ א‬XF‫[א‬F8+‫ذجא‬F(‫وא‬+‫א‬n‫دوא‬¥%( n‫و`ددא‬5-YG‫و‬
HFFGX‫'א‬FF
NFF-;OFFYl# FF‫ א‬XFF‫ذج[א‬FF(‫אא‬hFFG#ZXFFFF]‫אא‬hFFG[‫و‬،
K# ‫ א‬X‫عא‬Y[- -¶9+‫وא‬#˜‫د‬e ‫א‬
‫
אא‬P‫א‬N7
J٤

J١
­FFiFFbeFF+‫سא‬FF
NFF-; XF‫ذجא‬FFyFF ?a2FF‫א‬$‫א‬hFFG $FF9Z
[‫د‬F ¢F a2no
Mh‫د א‬P%+‫ضא‬w‫א‬D%ˆ‫و‬،eh‫א‬% 1‫א‬n3o‫א‬
 W‫א‬ ‫א‬$G ‫א‬D%‫ل‬lJ D%7:‫وذ‬،i78‫(א‬G

K$$!‫א‬#+‫א(ذجא‬r#-rX‫وא‬M3&‫א]א‬L$%Z‫ ;ضو‬K١

‫د‬$Fˆ‫™و‬F|‫دو‬F
‫و‬F%%W™F|H3F ‫ذج‬F(‫א‬Fr;‫و‬LG& N-; ‫ א‬K٢
K9 (
n‫א‬
KZ ‫א‬$^‫ذجوא‬y ‫(א‬G
N-; ‫ نوא‬K٣
K9Z % ‫و‬9Z3 ‫و‬e+‫א‬G ‫ ن‬K٤
K‫א(ذج‬r; ‫ط‬8ZV‫وא‬n‫א‬H- K٥
K$;‫وא‬# ‫مא'א‬3W ‫
و‚&א(ذج‬%
‫ א‬$ $$ K٦

‫
אא‬T‫א‬U‫'د‬
R S
J٥

J١
KO1c‫لא‬W X‫א‬neo&PZN-;‫א‬$‫א‬hGP%Z E١
Kl
–8  X‫א‬neo&PZ‫א‬$‫א‬hG‫س‬$ZJ E٢
 

٥
 F'=‫(
א‬W*+
J٦

J١
$;‫א‬%  9` J  G$%  ?;‫א‬$ ‫ א‬$‹‫ وא‬HrX‫('   ? א‬d _9  ‫ن‬2
[ M‫د‬PV‫ א‬H-7‫ א‬D(  l
 9` J  ‫}م‬-Z‫ و‬، ‫ א‬$%‫ א‬L%‫وא‬، ;‫א‬
#|+‫ن א‬%‫  ' א‬$  N-; ً m$Z G‫„ و`د‬8z
 _9  ، L%‫ وא‬$;‫א‬%‫ א‬hG ]2
(-; ( ‹ ‫א א§ل‬hG [ O$$; 6b
 n9*
KO%1  J3‫و‬،ً 81 £Y  NY·
 LzJ ‫و‬، ‫א‬+‫;א‬P‫ [א‬2‫د‬P‫*א‬J3Za2DY‫[א‬
 KH 3‫(وא‬-N1Mh‫א‬r+‫א‬# ‫دא‬P™-P 2 ;r
‫אًא‬$FF ‫א‬O‫د‬$FFKiFFb‰GFF NFF-;?F ;‫א‬$ ‫א‬FF$‹‫وא‬HFFrX‫?א‬FF_9 ‫م‬FF%ZV‫و‬
—FFFG‫ن‬FFF3ViFFFb،¸‫א‬KKKpPFFFWV‫وא‬FFF|&‫
وא‬،p‫א‬%FFFV‫وא‬،&FFFre
‫د؛‬$FFK‰9FF M
‫ع‬FF8Z” J {FFZVFF_9 FF92HFF ‫„؛‬FF8Z‫ذאא‬2V2HFFrXZ‫و‬FF$GFF_9
F .‫א‬$F;‫א‬%‫א‬¢8FًF%
‫و‬،ƒ1F‫و`–א‬H ،ƒ1‫א‬L-‫وא‬$%g‫ل
ن‬%Zœ‫א‬O3&
?
F‫ƒوא‬Fs‫و‬O$F
OF3
#FG$F;‫א‬%‫א‬hFG'F F&Z‫א‬JF ‫אن‬$(1 ‫א‬r‫אدو‬$‫ن‬X ‫و‬
HFF&3Z‫א‬hFF‫و‬KE١FFF8_‫א‬$G‫א‬FF‫'א‬FF(dDFF]JFF;HFF~FF*‫א‬nFF
lV‫”نא‬FF

FgF.bnF‫
و‬5FZZFJ(<FZF‫و‬+‫א‬JF F
e‫א‬$FiW8-+‫א‬$‹‫_א‬9
 K‫א‬$‫א‬ ‫א‬$G
D%ˆ
1F‫א‬FG
‫א‬LF;‫}ود‬F}ZFG F‫א‬F+‫;א‬PF‫א‬ $G‫
ن‬%Z ‫ذא‬2‫و‬
F+‫;א‬PF‫א‬F(9 ‫
”ن‬،b‫و)دא‬،;‫و‬+‫א(א‬n`W‫و‬n8s8-
#FF ‫و‬،FF$-%‫א‬FF+‫;א‬PFF‫א‬FF(9 JFF ƒ.FF3 5FFr
‫و‬vFFe
‫ن‬3FF FF‫א‬
KF9%Z;NF-;OF%-+‫א‬F(9+‫'א‬F 5FiFb‰9F h^Z‫א 
ن‬+‫ ;א‬P-#w8
¢F
‫ل
و‬8% lJ ‫م‬%Z$W‫‰و‬9 J;‹i78‫א‬M$§‫ƒא‬sJ ‫ن‬3$%
-;‫و‬
،F (; ‫א‬+‫;א‬P-‰G+‫א‬51
H3Z_9+‫دא‬$‫א‬H‫و‬Kn|&‫א‬
Fl‫א‬HFK„Fe_9+‫دא‬$‫و
نא‬$8(e،rl# ‫ א‬X‫ذجא‬y8‫و‬
NF+‫א‬NF-;}F3Z‫ن‬e‫[אم‬M‫د‬PV‫א‬ ‫نא‬2‫ذ‬2‫؛‬#|+‫([א‬-1+‫א‬.W8‫א‬
 KE٢Fn-3 ‫}אم‬V‫‰دونא‬9+‫و و[א‬ $‹‫وא‬
O$F‫}א‬+‫א‬eF+‫ذجא‬FyF HF` F‫‰א‬GF+‫א‬iFW8‫'א‬8‫ق‬1‫אא‬hG[‫و‬
 W# ‫ א‬X‫[א‬
 K#p‫א‬%V‫‰א‬9+‫ א‬E١
 K#&r‫‰א‬9+‫ א‬E٢
 K#--7‫א‬Mƒ1&‫‰א‬9+‫ א‬E٣

 K٢٤،# ‫دא‬PV‫א‬G ،‫ א‬o E١F

 K٢٥،# ‫دא‬PV‫א‬G ،‫ א‬o E٢F

٦
‫‪‰9 E٤‬א‹‪$‬א‪+‬א ‪ K‬‬
‫‪ E٥‬א‪‰9+‬א|‪ K#‬‬

‫‪٧‬‬


4‫
א‬F'=‫א‬


(‫
א

א‬T Y
(,-
8 X+‫
א‬#‫א‬

(,-‫*م
א‬,
J١

J٢
‫אل‬FF ‫'›وسא‬FF(da2FF`T ;PFF‫א‬OFF.‫א‬PFa‫א و‬n‫א‬$FF8‫„א‬FF%
‫א‬Z
eFFF‫א‬OFFF3
nFFFYZ‫ن
ن‬FFF3
،FFF&Z+‫א‬-wFFF‫א‬FFF-3‫א‬n‫'ذא‬FFF+ ‫م‬FFF%-
‫ل‬3Fo
'‘ ' !‫א‬J3،(*Z‫אو‬$%Z.e
ne‫א‬J ra2Y18‫א‬
 Ke‫א‬¹P D%WO$%+‫وא‬9 Y18‫א‬e+‫א‬
a2eF‫{ولא‬FZ$FHF ‫(א؛‬1F ‫و‬،(W‫„
א‬1e‫א‬¹P ‫ƒ
ن‬s
a2KKKKeF‫א‬¹PF ‫ض‬FZ‫
و‬،F9 F`(-F%%K‫د‬FZV‫
و‬،G‫د‬P% ¢%
F  FG‫و‬KF –Fs ƒFs‫
و‬،71 ‫
א‬G‫وא(א‬e‫א‬% Hm¦:‫ƒذ‬s
 W $P%‫و‬D-Y™-YP &P‫وא‬،E١F&P‫`אא‬25-Y
1FZ‫و‬،eF-F!‫א‬nF-(‫א‬F92a2 $F9ZœF‫لא‬F(; ‫א‬F;(_g‫م‬%‫?א‬ 
KE٢F?e‫( א‬1%،‹‫
א‬J [P‫א‬$$$P% 9‫ود‬9%W
e
FF%Y eFF‫א‬NFF-;‫زع‬FFMhFF‫א‬FF‹‫[
א‬FFr$FF$7FF ‫אز‬nFF-(‫א‬FF
e? 
KE٣F?‫א‬%;‫
و‬V% ،e‫و ' لא‬،‫ن‬$‫אدא‬$‫قو‬%T‫א&א‬$ (1%‫א‬
PFFFW‫و‬FFF9%W&FFF‫وא‬eFFF‫طא‬FFFFFF92a2M‫{د‬FFFZœFFF‫لא‬FFF(; ‫عא‬FFF()? 
 KE٤F?e-%‫}א‬e‫א‬+‫א‬1ZLib،9‫אدد‬$‫و‬9Z‫ `دא‬
FFFT‫ل‬FFFr‫&א‬PFFF-FFFp9‫א‬FFFw‫
نא‬NFFF-;nFFF&‫א‬DFFF&Z،-PFFF\‫و[א‬
 E٥FWy‫دو‬D%7ZVw‫א‬hGJ3،e‫( א‬1%‫א‬
 Ke‫طא‬92 E١
Ke‫א‬n‫ `دא‬PW E٢
 Ke‫א‬n‫ ' `دא‬E٣
 Ke‫قא‬%W&‫ א‬E٤

‫ل‬F(; ‫)(عא‬W#9%&‫א‬uYrV‫&[א‬P ‫وאد‬Krlhl

‫ذא‬2W#‫א‬N&rJ ‫ذ‬lX Ww&P‫א‬ E١F
LFF‹NFFr+‫وא‬p‫א‬$FF‫א‬JFF 9 7FFr FFe, FF%-+‫قא‬FF%T‫و
دאא‬FFZ ‫وא}א‬N
FF+‫قא‬FF%WPFFWFF9sœFF‫א‬
FFF9%&‫;א‬FFF+‫א‬KFFF9%&‫א‬FFF;L-3FFF~‫و‬K‫ن‬FFF%‫א‬HFFFG
FFF-; FFFZi$FFFWuYFFFr‫&א‬PFFF‫وא‬KFFFz‫وא‬
 K٨٣L١٢،3‫א‬
 K٢٣٧،n‫ ƒو‬،‫وא‬n‫א‬$- !‫א‬1{+‫א‬،M_‫نא‬%‫א‬،E١٩٩٥F‫(ن‬-،–‫ ذ‬ E٢F
 K٨،‫א אل‬neo&PZ،‫س‬-1‫א‬J;ً%،١٠٠_‫א‬ne‫א‬،¶‫א‬ E٣F
،ƒ1F` F،8\‫وא‬%‫א‬W‫א‬J ‫א אل‬neo&PZ،E٢٠٠٦FJ$‫א‬#K،‫س‬-1‫א‬ E٤F
 K٨،u_‫` א‬
 K٩،8\‫وא‬%‫א‬W‫א‬J ‫א אل‬neo&PZ،E٢٠٠٦FJ$‫א‬#K،‫س‬-1‫א‬ E٥F

٨
 Ke‫א‬n ‫אدא}א‬$ E٥
 Ke‫ א‬e‫[
אلא‬r(1 E٦
#F% ‫ن‬2[P‫א‬L1%Z $9 LMl‫א‬VM8`2‫`א‬2&P‫
”نא‬،-P\‫وא‬
 Kp<n‫אא‬% L9;(s‫
و‬،e‫ |א‬LZ‫ 
ن‬2-(‫א‬hG‫و‬Ke‫ א‬
FF9Z ‫ }א‬FF
‫وא‬FF9‫'د‬FF
‫د‬NFF-;O‫د‬FF9&PFFZLFFœFF‫א‬eFF‫نא‬FF3Z$F‫و‬
JF;FG}_;‫ل‬FWV2‫س‬F
‫نא‬F3VFW[،:F‫ذ‬JF;O}`F;‫ن‬F3Z$‫و‬،_‫א‬
 KE١F:h ‫م‬%‫א‬
،F J .e
H`‫א‬N-;Mh‫א‬J$‫نא‬3‫
ن‬W#9%&‫א‬uYrV‫وא
س[א‬
 KE٢F‫د‬J H

V2‫ن ل‬e‫
م‬،r
‫ ل‬M‫ƒذ‬s‫ن‬e
‫وא‬
`FF‫א‬J$F+‫لא‬FF NFF-;$FF&-DFF]W#FF%‫א‬FF*‫س[א‬FF
‫א‬vFF;‫א‬FFW[
n F+‫[א‬F%.‫א‬LF;‫نود‬F(pV‫´א‬Za2 $9‫و‬،_‫د
'دא‬J;Mh‫א‬
‫ن‬PFZ‫و‬p‫א‬$F‫א‬¹PF F(T $F9Z$F;‫א‬%‫وא‬n‫אא‬F`V‫א‬JF -1F-1 :F‫وذ‬،_‫א‬
<FF%‫א‬$FF„FF9FF|‫وو‬J$FF+‫אلא‬FF
JFF NFF%8ZFF NFF-;}FF_T‫א‬JFF L9FF3ª‫و‬L9FF%W
 KE٣FL9 ‫|אא‬2‫
א‬59Zr
—,Z3
1F-& J$F+‫א‬LeFT‫א‬HF`WFG‫و‬F-&‫א‬F9%&‫א‬FµF+–
N+‫אא‬h9 G‫و‬
 KE٤F [ P‫א‬J g
‫ل‬FgF-;F ‫
و
دא‬،F%&‫א‬NF-;O$F%‫مא‬$;WG‫و‬،1;‫א‬J;‫و‰א
س‬
 KE٥F51eV‫و‬



*[‫(
ودوא‬,-‫
א‬Z=7
J٢

J٢
‫ض‬Fw‫א‬DF%NF-;9Z$F‫م‬$F;‫
و‬7‫א‬WeoM
&PZ–8
LG
J ‫ن‬2
F%Y LF‫
ن‬F 2:F‫ذ‬JF3،9&PFZa2eF‫א‬XF_-‫א‬hF‫؛و‬-`
J „£
Mh‫א‬
 W%Y LZ&P‫א
”نא‬h‫؛و‬8`2‫
و‬،L9-8J l‫א‬
 E٦FWnVW' 
[‫ن‬3Z‫و‬lV‫&א‬P‫א‬Wa‫א و‬%Y‫א‬

 K١١،8\‫وא‬%‫א‬W‫א‬J ‫א אل‬neo&PZ،E٢٠٠٦FJ$‫א‬#K،‫س‬-1‫ א‬E١F

،n‫ƒو‬F ،F3&‫دאא‬،٢٦٥L٤¶Fw+‫א‬،F ‫א‬$JF ‫א‬،n‫ƒو‬F F3&‫دאא‬،٢١٣L٢$9§‫אא‬$ ،$oJ ‫ א‬E٢F
 K‫م‬١٩٨٥،١‫ط‬
 K٩،‫א دن‬،-(-‫אא‬$‫א‬،#‫™אא‬-P‫مא
سوא‬3W
،E١٩٩٢F}};،#-3‫ א‬E٣F
L٣ƒ8F3‫א‬uF‫א‬NF-;FoW،#F$‫א‬،‫م‬١٩٩١،n‫ ƒو‬،3&‫دאא‬،٣٤٥L٥\‫دא‬،J$ ;J ‫ א‬E٤F
،F ‫א‬$JF ‫א‬،F3&‫دאא‬،١٤٦L٢‫ج‬F\‫¶א‬Fw ،¶ F‫א‬،»F-;$F(KDF%، 3&‫طدאא‬،٢٦٣
 K٢٦٥L٤¶w+‫א‬
 Kn‫ ƒو‬،3&‫دאא‬،١٦١L٢#
‫א مא‬%
[–h9+‫א‬،M‫אƒאز‬E٥F
 K#‫א د‬ne‫نא‬J E٢٥٩FO‫د‬+‫א‬9-;„Pœ‫א‬nVT‫א‬#G‫ و‬E٦F

٩
  KG$$ª ‫א‬£‹‫א‬%Z~ e-+‫א‬O$+‫א‬9‫א‬ -١
Fw‫א‬hFG‫م‬Fª27F ‫
و‬9F-`
J e‫„א‬1XZœ‫א‬w‫م
وא&א‬ª2 -٢
 G&‫
وא‬
 K9&PZ‫و‬9^1& e- ‫א‬£‹‫א‬J ‫وא‬$r -٣
K?e‫*مא‬9-;jœ‫א‬l ‫א‬nVT‫[א‬ -٤
 E١FW#GnVW' 
[‫ن‬3Z‫و‬8`‫&א‬P‫א‬W.‫א‬%Y‫א‬
 K# ‫א‬9 *‫ن
و‬%-(1`&‚e‫„א‬83Z‫ذאא‬2 -١
 K9Z ‫א
 }א‬J;e‫א‬n}_;‫ذא‬2 -٢
 K‫
و وع‬v 58‫دون‬O$ ‹(;
J;„&Z‫ذא‬2 -٣
F%Z~F F 53+‫
س ‹א‬J E٪٧٥FN-;e‫א‬p1l‫ذאزאد)(ع‬2 -٤
 K?‹µ
O‫א زد‬9£G
،E٢FeFF‫א‬FF9 #FF9ZœFF‫א‬nVFFT‫;א‬FFo‫אض‬FF‫א‬iFF78‫אא‬hFFG $91FFV
FWiF78‫א‬5F-YZœF‫א‬F|,&+‫א‬FT‫وא‬، XF‫א‬neFo&PFZiF78‫א‬HFKy2‫و‬
 K ‫م‬%-„1
g‫م‬%‫א‬J;e‫و;_}א‬O1c‫א‬
neFFoJFF O‫د‬PFF% ƒFFseFF‫&א‬PFFOehFF+‫א‬nVFFT‫א‬5FFs‫
ن‬:FF‫ذ‬
„FZNF-;jF‫'א‬F  F2 XFZeFo2[O$W‫وא‬z‫د‬WH_1Z~‫ذ‬2‫ ؛‬X‫א‬
‫زوא‬F`
‫ذ‬2‫؛‬E٤FF- T‫وא‬E٣FF&T‫زא‬F`
$F%
،FªVF‫„א‬e‫ن‬2‫و‬G‫و‬،9Z$
 XF‫א‬eFo&1F-
'F ¢FZ„F‫א‬OF3
JF3،.F  <F+‫א‬eFo„XZ
‫ذ‬2‫؛‬eF‫א‬HF(;F9 DF-(
 ‫א‬:he‫و‬K $ V29  $‹‫א‬D%7Vœ‫א‬
V2:FF‫ذ‬FF ‫؛و‬FF-`
JFF eFF‫„א‬FF MhFF‫א‬HFF(‫ א‬XFF‫א‬eFFo}FF_Z‫
ن‬PFFV
 K X‫א‬eo‫ل‬lJ 98-Z $91+‫א‬n $c‫وא‬n`T‫אא‬3
‫؛
”ن‬e‫א‬HWN-;(G1+‫&قא‬Z‫א‬WG$;‫א‬#w8œ‫א‬T‫
نא‬$
DF8YV:F‫
نذ‬V2‫؛‬E٥F½1F&-HF ‫زم‬Vƒs$%;e‫א‬8; 9%&‫ن
`زא‬2‫و‬:‫ذ‬
FT‫א‬hG$%Z‫
ن‬#w8
،H` ‫א‬-]n  ‫א}א‬9-;5Z,œ‫ א‬X‫א‬neoN-;

 K#‫א د‬ne‫نא‬J 
O%
E٢٦٦FO‫د‬+‫א‬9-;„Pœ‫א‬nVT‫א‬#G‫ و‬E١F
،G$F F ‫و‬E١٩٤F# F‫א‬F%&‫ن[א‬F‫א‬eo، $‫א‬،‫א`'א‬+‫א‬e‫א‬9‫–א‬8‫ א*[א‬E٢F
‫م‬FF*‫([א‬G1FF+‫א‬neFFo،#FF‫زو‬+‫א‬،G$FF FF ‫و‬E٣٥٨L٢F FF‫א‬FF‫[א‬neFF‫א‬،‫ط‬FFc‫א‬
KE٥٢٣FM‫د‬1‫א‬
J$FFF ;JFFF ‫א‬FFFoW،J$FFF ;JFFF ‫א‬،E٩٩L٦F'pPFFF‫'א‬p‫א‬$FFF ،#FFF3‫א‬،E٢٠٥L٣FFFF‫א‬$‹‫א‬،#FFFs+‫א‬E٣F
KE٢٩٣L٨F
KE٥٠٤L٣F‫ع‬%‫א‬ e،#Z98‫א‬،E١٦L٥F‫ع‬$8+‫א‬،™-& J ‫א‬E٤F
KE١٥L٥F¶w+‫א‬، ‫א‬$J ‫א‬،E١٠L٥F‫א\ج‬9،#- ‫א‬،E٧٨L٦F'pP‫'א‬p‫א‬$ ،#3‫א‬E٥F

١٠
 XF‫א‬neo‫(و
ن‬،9Z ‫א
 }א‬J e‫لא‬r
O$J ‫אم‬$eX
‫ل‬FlJF 9(9F
‫אول‬$FZFG3 'Y1FœF‫(א א‬G1+‫א‬ne‫א‬H3ohlXZ
K%Y‫א‬h9 9&PZa2`WV‫؛‬LzJ ‫و‬،+‫א אقא‬
581FF eFF‫<א‬FF%‫א‬FFWWiFF78‫א‬#;$1FFZœFF‫א‬FFT‫”نא‬FF
‫؛‬-PFF\‫و[א‬
،‫ل‬+‫
سא‬J ٪٧٥n‫وز‬dO1c‫„א‬e‫ذא‬2‫
و‬،(* ‫
و‬e‫—
س لא‬G
‫א‬FMF8`2H3F e‫&א‬PZa2M‫{د‬:‫؛
”نذ‬9 ‫א
 ”}א‬J;n}_;‫
و‬
JF $:‫وذ‬،E١F;‫א‬¹P+;‫;و‬o<%‫א‬J ‫
م‬،e‫א‬J ‫א‬%
 KE٢F‫ אط‬.gG‫ذ‬2ً;oO}p!‫א א‬
F9p9‫وא‬eF‫<א‬F%‫–א‬8F
JF eF‫—
س لא‬G9%&‫א‬v; ‫א‬$%

 KE٣F„1
g‫م‬%‫א‬N-;9Z$‫م‬$


!"‫^د
א]\
א‬
J٣

J٢
 WO$;H ‫;א‬J  X‫א‬neo[O1c‫‰א‬Z

$F8 ‫د‬F(;‫ א‬XF‫א‬neFo‫}م‬F-ZV‫ذ‬2‫؛‬F+‫لא‬Fr ‫'א‬Z‫(و‬.V‫[א‬H&‫ א‬E١
[9Z‫(א‬.F‫}א‬FeZ‫
و‬،F9`J ، ¶ XZ‫ع‬YN-;P%ZVib'‫א‬
،n‫א‬1FF‫عא‬FFY[HFF(Z FF‫ א‬FF‫א‬neFFo5FFw
،FF #FF ‫ع‬FFY
Fb‫
 א‬PF 'Fp‫ودא‬H3FoNF-;F9Z‫( `دא‬.1FZ‫و‬،'p<F8-M_‫ א‬X‫وא‬
}FFeZ:FF‫و[ذ‬KNFF7+‫אא‬hFFGJF;neFF‫جא‬FFšFF(-‫و‬، FF‫א‬ PF+‫[א‬
K&P 881+‫א‬O1c‫(א‬W‫وא‬O]^(-
F8sF9-;J {F+‫]א‬F^(-F-3‫א‬F&-3‫”نא‬F
‫ل؛‬+‫&
سא‬e51[H-c‫ א‬E٢
‫ن‬2LFFz،E٤F F Yc‫א‬6‫و‬$FFT#p‫א‬FF‫—א‬-1FF‫א‬581FF O$FF%+‫א‬F &-3‫א‬JFF;FF-šFF
51FF‫لא‬FFl‫א‬FF9-;5FFZ,-G1FF FF(p2nFF'FF8Z$FF XFF‫א‬neFFo
K$)ƒs‫ل‬+‫&
سא‬e51Hm¦1‫وא‬n -Y+‫  א‬8%+‫א‬
‫ل‬FFr‫א‬FF3 2‫
و‬FF$%a2HFF7‫א‬#FFG1F‫א‬O‫دא‬2‫و‬،1FF‫א‬O‫دא‬2[HFF-c‫ א‬E٣
a2‫
א‬9-J3˜œ‫אوא‬$+‫א‬n‫`دא‬+‫وא‬$%‫א‬J ‫ن‬3Z‫لو‬T‫[א‬$%a2
LFFF،F F9Z`W‫א‬FFF- %+8FFF FFF:FFF-ª‫
ن‬eFFF‫א‬NFFF-;‫(و‬-1FFF FFF$%

[‫م‬FF3W ‫א‬$FF;‫א‬،‫م‬1FF‫א‬$8;JFF }FF‫א‬،E٤٣L١٠FOƒlhFF‫א‬،[‫א‬FF%‫א‬،E٣٦٩FpFF*‫وא‬8FFo ‫א‬،LFF¾JFF ‫א‬E١F

 KE٣٠٩L١F$;‫א‬%‫[א‬.+‫א‬،#e}‫א‬،E٧٥L٢F‫א م‬¹P
K٥٣٣،M‫د‬1‫([א*مא‬G1+‫א‬neo،#‫زو‬+‫א‬E٢F
،#FF}‫א‬uFFo،#FF}‫א‬،١١٣L٦،'pPFF‫'א‬p‫א‬$FF ،#FF3‫א‬،١٦٣L١١،J$FF ;JFF ‫א‬FFoW،J$FF ;JFF ‫א‬E٣F
 FFe،#ZFF98‫א‬،٣١٩ J٣١٨L٢،‫ج‬FF\‫¶א‬FFw ،¶ FF‫א‬،١٠٥L١٢،FF‫و‬$+‫א‬،:FF ،٤٤١ J٤٤٠L٣
K٥١٨ J٥١٧L٣،‫ع‬%‫א‬
 K١٨٦،‫؟‬Md‫
م‬#‫و‬Z XZ5e+‫א‬# ‫ א‬X‫א‬HG،E٢٠٠٩FLW‫א‬$8;،#Z;1‫ א‬E٤F

١١
n%
$FZHF ‫א‬NF-;e‫ جא‬JWb‫وא‬$%‫א‬n%
$‫]א‬2[9 1W‫א‬
HFY‫א‬$F+‫א‬N-;‫‹א(א‬$
‫ذא‬2`c‫א‬$%‫א‬n%
$‫دلא‬Z-l‫دא‬$%
O(.1F+‫אلא‬F ‫א‬jF’F(
Fb‫نوא‬$F‫دאدא‬,FV-(\‫;א‬1‫א‬H3  Z‫و‬،
‫
دא‬JF;}F_-‫{د‬9
H-l‫ل‬PW‫ و‬X‫א‬e1‫א‬O‫<
دא‬
K&P-‫}م‬-1+‫א‬n ‫}א‬V‫א‬
Fp‫‰
دوא‬F ‫د‬LF $F;W:F‫ذ‬JF O1Fc‫–א‬8
LG
J 9”
‫مא&
؛‬$; E٤
NFFF-;O$FFF( ‫و‬Oƒ8FFFeFFF(p‫א‬O]FFF^+‫نא‬FFF3ZMhFFF&‫א‬$FFF+‫وא‬O‫אدא‬FFF-)
،E‫א‬FFFF|¥F(^FFFF‫א‬FFFF:hFFFFe‫و‬،j^FFFF‫אא‬hFFFFGO‫دא‬2–-FFFF
‫و‬PFFFF^o
K‫د‬1&‫وא‬،P^‫א‬n‫[א^(_א‬5;‫
وא‬
‫؛‬FFF ‫ع‬FFFY% jFFFšœFFF‫وא‬FFF(*+‫ƒא‬FFFs]FFF^+‫א‬#FFFG‫و‬،FFFƒFFFs]FFF‚ E٥
،Oƒ8Fe‫אد‬$F;X ƒF6‫אد‬FW‫ع‬n‫
د‬O$$oY
(9epY‫א‬ ‫*و‬e
‰ ‫א‬FF [FFrleFF‫'א‬FF HFF  ‫(א‬FFV‫א‬NFF-;HFF(‫א‬O$FF[HFF-l‫ع‬FF‫
وو‬
K‫د‬13‫_א‬Oƒ83‫وא‬pY‫א‬Y8‫א‬nVW:‫ذ‬J ‫و‬،H` ‫א‬-] X‫א‬
HF& HF.(Z‫؛و‬nF;Y%‫א‬HFeH(FZœ‫*(وא‬+‫^]א‬+‫א‬#G‫و‬،]‚ E٦
‫
ن‬eF‫א‬NF-;5Fm‫א‬hF‫؛و‬1F
+‫א‬F_1F‫א‬PFT‫א‬jZ‫ و‬،D1‫[א‬
FF9W¾nVF(W‫”نא‬F
:FF‫دونذ‬JF ‫و‬FW& ‫אق‬F
‫و‬1FF
 n $Fl9$F‫ن‬F3

—3 
HY‫א‬$+‫א‬N-;
'FF 5FFVFFgJ<FF(-M$FF%‫א‬¢FF‫א‬L$FF% FF-.(+‫وא‬،HwFF‫]א‬FF‚ E٧
eF‫א‬HF8JF $%‫[א‬XYl‫
و‬،(p‫א‬1‫[א‬HG1e'‫אא‬%%W
K‫ل‬-T‫א‬lJ ‫ ن‬T‫ 'א‬،
Fz
‫و‬،‫د‬1F3‫
وא‬،L^<F‫א‬FWHF. F(* ]‚_ ‫ƒאم[א‬w‫ א‬E٨
‫؛‬M$F%‫א‬HFr¥F%%T‫(א‬%‫א¿&ضא‬9-;5Z,$%
،‫ل‬r ‫(א‬N-;:‫ذ‬
L9 ‫؛א‬#+‫א‬Hr ‫
وא‬Kn‫א‬%‫א¶؛א‬Hr ‫
وא‬Kn(‫א‬
O‫دא‬2a2FF7`O‫دא‬2JF eF‫א‬O‫دא‬2ƒFFwZHFF. JFF KeFF‫[א‬M‫אدא‬HFF&‫ א‬E٩
‫ل‬FFlJFF eFF‫א‬n‫אدא‬FF2‫ض‬FF&¿‫א‬،LFFzJFF ‫و‬D1FF‫ضא‬FF&¿‫
وא‬،FF%
 ƒFFs
‫ق‬1‫[א‬1
+‫א‬N-;e‫א‬O$'`‫א‬Z# ‫و‬،
 $$`‰ 9t
 p1Fc‫א‬a2M‫{د‬FF¦،L9 XZneo‫
و‬881+‫א‬J ¢‫א‬HP]‚ E١٠
‫ن‬2K‫د‬$F\‫„א‬F‫و[א‬HF 3 J$F‫אدא‬$FNF-;L9Z$‫م‬$;‫אد
و‬$1‫مא‬$;_
،1F;‫א‬a2M‫{د‬FZ$Fn
$F‫[א‬lXF‫
وא‬،F ‫و‬$+‫نא‬$F-F(pV‫א‬O]F^+‫א‬
 Ku  ‫א‬H-%Z‫و‬،Hl$‫א‬j%´%
‫و‬

١٢



(,-‫ل
א‬.

‫ق
א`=
_
א‬C.
;b
P+B7
J٤

J٢
 W r
a2&P‫א‬$;L9%b X‫א‬e‫ن‬8Y+‫عא‬
 W#‫א‬7‫א‬N-;L9(1%ZJ3˜‫و‬W‫ون‬$&1+‫א‬W‫א ول‬P‫א‬
‫
و‬،ƒ1FFF‫א‬6‫אد‬FFFWM<FFF(e، X1FFF+‫א‬HFFF8JFFF ‫<ون‬FFF+‫ א‬E١
K X1+‫
;(لא‬J;d‫א‬DT‫א‬
WL91&
Dpz‫א‬-R E٢
KKKL9‫و‚ز‬L9P ‫و‬L9p< N-; {+‫_א‬e  J

KLGYl
$|8] ‫  א‬J–
KKKn‫א‬G§‫وא‬،‫زل‬+‫وא‬،n‫א‬1eWL9e
N-;—+‫  א‬J‫ج‬
KM9o5Z‫قא‬%7‫א‬wr[OT‫א‬N-;J {+‫  א‬J‫د‬
K8Y‫א‬n!+‫א‬N-;J {+‫  א‬J
W#‫א‬7‫א‬N-;LG‫و‬W X‫א‬%z ‫]ن‬,+‫ونא‬$&1+‫ א‬E٣
[OF
‫لא‬FW:F‫ ؛وذ‬XF‫א‬%z‫و‬51b– ‫  א}و`وא وא‬J

N
FF(-L9z‫א‬FF  XFF-FFz‫قא‬%7FF‫
وא‬،OFFT‫א‬NFF-; XFF‫א‬
KZ3-¦N-; XZDpz‫و‬J eZ ‫و‬
 K#(-‫وא‬#7P‫ א‬X‫[א‬L‹J {+‫  א‬J–
nFF-(;FF3ZJFF;FFd‫ق‬FF%WLFF‹XFFZJhFF-‫א‬LFFG‫و‬W‫ن‬-wFF+‫א‬W@@4‫
א‬c+-@@‫א‬
 WLG‫و‬،e‫[א‬Hw‫א‬
 &t+‫
`א‬E١
 1+‫א‬e‫א‬nV(; E٢
 #8+‫א‬O`XeHw‫א‬n%& E٣
 O‫אدא‬nÀ
3 ‫
`و‬E٤


K
 ‫
א‬e
D*>‫;
א‬b
DN‫
و‬W
(K;‫ق
א‬C.
;b
W
F4‫
א‬c+-‫א‬



(,-‫
א‬+/
‫ق‬C'g‫(
א‬/
FF8]L1FF%ZJFF3˜ XFF‫א‬neFFo$FF;‫ق‬FF%WFF‹5FFZ,œFF‫א‬ FFr ‫نא‬2
 Wa28Y+‫אא‬3Z‫
و‬iWJ 9%7‫א‬

١٣
eFo$F;‫ق‬F%WLF‹„F8zJh‫א‬ r ‫א‬LG‫و‬،&‫א‬n8Y+‫א‬Wa‫א و‬£&‫א‬
FF8Y FF93 PFFZFF8Y+‫א‬hFFG‫و‬،&PFF‫א‬n‫`אא‬FF $FF8‫א‬$FF; FF‫ א‬XFF‫א‬
FF-RJFF <FF‫א‬L9FF-;'FF‫و‬JFF¦‫א‬FFJ<FF+‫א‬nFF8Y(e،O$FFW‫وא‬OFFgO‫د‬$FFK
 Kƒ1‫א‬6‫אد‬7e< Dpz‫א‬-RL‹581ZJh‫א‬J ‫
م‬،Dpz‫א‬
H3FF ‫ق‬FF%W9 7FFr
D71FFœFF‫א‬#FFG‫؛و‬OFF3+‫א‬nFF8Y+‫א‬WFF.‫א‬FF£&‫א‬
 W(1a2‫و‬$ L1%&P‫א‬$;n8Y+‫א‬J ‫אאع‬hG‫و‬،3
LFF3b&PFF‫א‬$FF FF a2(1FFZ‫و‬9%7FF 9 7FFr

$FF OFF3 nFF8Y E

OFFT‫ א‬XFZ[9F‫א‬5FFZ‫وא‬e،% FF9-;$FF+‫א‬F X‫א‬F $c‫א‬F8]
-wFF+‫وא‬،FF ‫وא‬FF`‫}و‬eJ$&1FF+‫א‬JFF ‫د‬$FFˆJFF ‫
و‬،1FF&J X1FF(-‫א‬FF
K#8+‫`א‬XeHw‫א‬n%&‫و‬،&t+‫`א‬Xe
،#7PFF‫ א‬XFF‫وא‬5FFZ‫وא‬e،$FF 9%7FF‫½א‬FFZ
$FF8~OFF3 nFF8Y E–
 K
‫}אم‬V‫א‬h&Z
$8Mh‫א‬#(-‫وא‬

(,-‫;
א‬K
‫د‬57
J٥

J٢
JF; F‫ א‬XF‫א‬eFo}F_;‫و‬،O1Fc 881F+‫א‬HF ‫אא‬n
<Z ‫ذא‬2
HF3žF&VF-W5F-Y:F‫”نذ‬F
‫؛‬F8Y+‫قא‬F%WF-R r
d9Z ‫א
 }א‬
 K%WDWM‫ذ‬
‫ن‬F3Z‫
ن‬JF V$F ‫ق‬F%T‫<عא‬F88F F‫ א‬XF‫א‬neo‫ل‬7Ze
 K]^+‫א‬J (7--‫و‬
‫ن‬F3ZiFb‫ق‬F%T‫žא‬F&TFW,% †Fr‫د‬Fm2[&P‫א‬-3 ‫
د‬H.(Z
DFF
‫ و‬XFF‫א‬neFFo'FF - FF+‫א‬ ‫א‬FF]
FF FF$‫א‬FF *+‫א‬HFFt[DFF8Y-FF- 
F *+‫א‬hFG7Fr$F JF $FeX‫وא‬K‫و‬،W ‫(ل‬+‫ع?א‬v ‫}אم‬V‫ذج?א‬y
 FW‫א‬nV›1‫א‬a2Oo‫א‬J3˜‫ق‬1‫אא‬hG[‫و‬#-(‫א‬D8Y‫[א‬
:hFe„Fe‫”ذא‬F
K‫ع؟‬vFZF;#GHG‫؟‬L91&
 X1+‫א א‬%%W E١
‫ن‬-8%FHFG،O1Fc‫א‬FW[&P‫א‬$;-(;L9-;‫א`ع‬3 2$ (

 K>‫؟‬9Z 1W&PZH` Ol XZel
O '
$‫א‬
581 ‫ א‬X‫ א‬$c‫א‬N-;‫א‬-Pˆ~‫و‬L9]1
‫د
א‬Jh‫ א‬X1+‫نא‬2Lz E٢
،#7Fr XFZ‰ ‫א‬F [e,F+eG$F; nX~ $c‫نא‬e‫
و‬،&P‫א‬
FF
HFFG،FF%WV9FFo5FFZ‫وא‬NFF-;‫ل‬PFFT‫א‬ $FF9 ‫
و‬،L9pFF # FF`LFF-Z‫
و‬
eF‫
نא‬Fg‫و‬،L9‫א‬Fl2¢F L9ZF;vZJF ‫&د‬F‫א‬،;v L93 ‫ن‬-8%

١٤
‫>>>؛ ن‬G‫و‬hFFlX~‫ق‬FF%WJFF LFF‹FFg‫א‬FF;v‫ن‬XFF ‫ن‬8FFY L9”FF
‫&؛‬PFF‫„א‬FF
 K‫ع‬vZ;L9 ‫א‬
EL9F ‫–א‬7Fr
FF3-+‫قא‬F%WF-R‫و‬، X‫א‬Dpz‫و‬-R ‫א‬%%W E٣
O‫دא‬2[`XF FFe‫و‬FF;#FFGHFFGK‫؟‬FFl
FF9`JFF eFF‫א‬O‫دא‬2‫و‬،FF9`JFF
‫ل‬FW¶ XF‫א‬¢p&‫وא‬Dpz‫א‬-R*&K(.‫و < [א‬،‫ ؟‬X‫א‬n-(;
n $FFlFF9Z‫ ”دא‬FF-.¦eFF‫א‬FF‹lJFF „FF; FF|‫ و‬FF;F9
‫د؟
م‬FF`‫و‬
F(
‫ع‬vF‫א‬OF3&VF ‫ن‬F%-VDpFz‫א‬F-R‫و‬، ‫و‬1F 'F DpFz‫א‬-(T X‫א‬
 KE١F‫؟‬e‫<  'א‬+‫وא‬e‫א‬M$%‫
و‬،L9
51FF9
‫
م‬FZÀ
3 ‫و‬F`
JF;‫زل‬F‫&א‬P‫א‬W[O‫אدא‬-)H8%HG E٤
 ‫ول؟‬X V‫
و‬Hw‫א‬3Z'
F-R'F .F J<F+eDpFz‫א‬F-RƒFsJF J$&1F+‫א‬F F‫א‬%%W E٥
HFG،‫؟‬Fl
F9`JF ?F3- ‫ق‬F%WF-R‫و‬O‫دא‬2?e‫و 'א‬،9`J Dpz‫א‬
FF;#FFG‫
م‬K‫؟‬eFF‫א‬NFF-;J$&1FF+‫א‬DpFFz‫א‬FF-RFF9 ‫ل‬FFW
FF‫א‬WFF;#FFG
 K‫؟‬J$&1+‫| 
مא‬e‫א‬98`g‫ن‬3Z،&e
 K‫`؟‬X He‫)دو‬e‫
مא‬E٦
#F.‫א‬ FY‫א‬LF‹HF.ª‫
م‬n‫א‬F8;V‫א‬hF9  X‫א‬eo' ‫ون‬$&1+‫א‬H HG E٧
 K‫؟‬‫א‬$ ‫א‬Hr ‫א‬
 K‫؟‬% 1‫א‬n‫‘'א‬L3l
$Z * —G‫
م
ن‬E٨
‫”ن‬F
،eF-#1FX‫א‬$F%‫א‬F9-;jFœF‫א‬F&3 &PF‫א‬LZ‫
ن‬Hr ‫א‬
DFF-Z#F G‫نو‬FF%‫א‬FF9-;jFFœFF‫א‬$FF;‫א‬%‫א‬DFF8YZ5FF`‫و‬FF9(*ZJFF;$FF%‫„א‬3FF
nY-F‫و‬،F};‫و‬N&PF+‫א‬FZF&e‫و‬،&PF‫א‬$F;F8;V‫א‬P^‫ (אא‬
 KE٢F&P‫א‬9‫א‬J;‫وא;ن‬Z ‫وא}א‬N&P+‫قא‬%W‫و‬G‫ود‬$W‫و‬N&P+‫א‬
- FFF+‫א‬ ‫א‬FFF]
FFF FFF$‫א‬FFF *+‫א‬FFF%%WFFF‫دא‬NFFF-;‫ن‬.WFFF8‫א‬HFF(~
MF_‫ א‬XF H ‫א‬L$ Jr+‫ƒא‬G‘„&e‫א‬y2‫و‬،# ‫ א‬X
F-RF ‫ع‬vF‫
א‬$F8 NF-;Lp%‫א‬# ‫ א‬X‫אא‬2a2،9`‫و‬s‫ و‬J 
+
‫ذج‬F(‫אא‬hFG‫و‬،F3-+‫قא‬F%WF-R'F  <F+‫وא‬e‫لא‬lJ |‫و‬+‫وא‬،Dpz‫א‬
'F (F#F-&‫א‬DF8Y‫
نא‬V2‫؛‬# F‫'א‬F‫[א‬VF8% ‫ن‬F3$*‫ن‬e‫ن‬2‫و‬

 K٨،#-
3‫ א‬X‫אوא‬# * % ،E٢٠٠٨F#-8‫ א‬E١F

 K٢٣٧،n‫ ƒو‬،‫وא‬n‫א‬$- !‫א‬1{+‫א‬،M_‫نא‬%‫א‬،E١٩٩٥F‫(ن‬-،–‫  ذ‬E٢F

١٥
HFF.ªVœFF‫א‬FF *+‫א‬hFFG[FF*‫א‬O‫د‬FF;25FF-YO1FFc‫א‬FFW&PFF‫<א‬FFiFFb
 KH. ‫א(ذجא‬
nF8e+‫א‬6‫אد‬FWJF J<F+‫א‬¢‫وق‬$r2W. ‫ن‬%‫
א‬W[‫و‬
‫{و‬1F+‫א‬JF #F ‫ א}א‬XF‫مא‬F*‫م‬3W
N<%g9;¢‫א‬N-;j‫אœ~د‬
¢FFFZ‫وق‬$PFFF‫אא‬hFFFG ‫א‬$FFFG
JFFF ‫ن‬3FFF‫و‬nFFF8e+‫(لא‬FFF‫א‬JFFF;FFF‘‫א‬FFF$+‫א‬
[‫
و‬6‫د‬FT‫א‬5F3Z 
 ‫م‬$;W[‫ƒ { 
و‬s8e+‫نא‬eW[  J<+‫א‬
E١F
 K 9-;8Z,+‫א‬n ‫}א‬V 9p&‫مא‬$;‫ و‬X‫א‬eo‫
س‬2W
 W#-g-.( }_‫جא‬W,% ‫ل‬-T.W8‫א‬¢ ‫;ض‬$%

n<FFZFF&e‫م‬$FF;‫و‬n<FF‫'א‬FF
‫ط[د‬1FF ‫א‬-PFFWFF&e‫م‬$FF;FFW[ K١
–1FFW‫”אض‬FF ‫م‬FF%ZHFF }FF_‫אא‬hFFGeFF‫א‬HFF(7ZV، XFF‫א‬O‫د‬FF;2neFFo
 KE٢FZn‫א‬,
[‫دאد‬, ‫م‬%ZM ƒsً | X1+‫א‬
n‫دא‬F` F&e‫م‬$;‫ل‬W[n<‫
'א‬$  X‫א‬O‫دא‬2eo‫}م‬-Z‫ز
ن‬mV K٢
KE٣F;9 ‫و‬O&3  X‫א‬O‫}م ”دא‬-Zy2‫و‬،:h‫وق‬$P‫א‬
FF-(T}FF_‫مא‬FFw
O‫אدא‬eFFo‫ل‬FF(G2581FF ‫وق‬$PFF‫}[א‬FF_;‫د‬FF`‫لو‬FFW[ K٣
}pFFF`W;FFFNFFF-;}FFF_‫لא‬FFFW[¢FFF O‫אدא‬eFFFo‫}אم‬FFF‫
نא‬M
KDpFFFz‫א‬
NF ‫و‬، ‫א‬,FW‫وא‬F X  XF‫لא‬F(;
O‫”دא‬F e‫}مא‬-Z‫ن‬X
}p!‫
א‬،‫و¦ع‬
‫ن‬XFF
‫ع‬FF(+‫א‬FF
‫و‬،FF;¢FF‫ƒوא‬PFF%‫א‬:FF‫ذ‬nFF8ZHFF(7ZFF9”
:FF‫[ذ‬nPFF
‫א‬hFF9
،FFGƒsJFF ‫
م‬FF9 FFYw‫}א‬FF_;‫ن‬FFe
‫א‬FF¢FF ًF%-Y ًF ‫}مא}א‬FF-Z
KE٤F#-
3‫ א‬X‫א‬O$;' ‫ض‬
‫وق‬$FFrHFF( O‫אدא‬eFFo‫}אم‬FF‫א‬NFF-;#-
FF3‫ א‬XFF‫א‬$FF%;[jFF‫ز
ن‬Fm K٤
‫
ن‬JF3˜HF(‫אא‬hG‫و‬،%W‫طא‬1 ‫א‬J J$‫א‬$$1ZLz}_‫א‬Yw X‫א‬
KKKً1Wً|‫وق‬$P‫א‬e‫ضא‬%Z‫ن‬XeWO‫د‬$ `‫
و‬N-;‫ن‬3
F98LFzHF`  ً-F‫وق‬$PF‫'א‬F8Z‫ن‬XF ‫وق‬$PF‫א‬F ‫و‬F9 ‫ق‬FZ-(;Md‫
ن‬K٥
FF ‫א‬DFF
‫و‬HFF`±‫'א‬FF8‫ ™[א‬FF‫ »א‬FFG‫ن‬FF3‫
ن‬5FFm‫و‬،ً‫א‬$FF%‫وق‬$PFF‫א‬$FF
KH
‫ق
و‬1‫[א‬O$p1‫א‬
eFFo‫<(ن‬FF ‫وقو‬$PFF‫–א‬1FFWNFF-;iFFz FF]JFF ً;‫و‬FF ًFFªhFFlXZ‫
ن‬K٦
 KKKO‫אدא‬

 K X‫א;(لא‬L*Z‫ن‬١٩٩٩1E٣٣FL‫ن‬%‫ل‬$ ‫ن‬F٢٠٠٢1E٦٧FL„{ ‫ن‬ E١F

 K١٩٥،‫؟‬Md‫
م‬#‫و‬Z XZ5e+‫א‬# ‫ א‬X‫א‬HG،E٢٠٠٩FLW‫א‬$8;،#Z;1‫א‬ E٢F
 K١٢،#-
3‫ א‬X‫אوא‬# * % ،E٢٠٠٨F#-8‫א‬ E٣F
 K١٢،#-
3‫ א‬X‫אوא‬# * % ،E٢٠٠٨F#-8‫א‬ E٤F

١٦
F ‫[ذ‬MhF‫א‬F9‫[د‬1FZ‫
ن‬O‫אدא‬eF-
‫وق‬$PF‫א‬HFªF%]„eً
‫و‬
DFFFWFFF‹FFF-
O‫אدא‬FFF581FFF }FFF_‫א‬JFFF3~FFF FFF%W‫طא‬1FFF ‫א‬JFFF ‫وق‬$PFFF‫א‬
 KE١F9-;‫ <(ن‬j%‫אא‬hG‫&؛ ن‬V‫א‬
F9`‫א‬+nF]W‫א‬JF3O‫د‬$FK51FuF  ‫א‬JF ‫ط
و‬1F ‫א‬F(JF 'Y%1 K٧
 KE٢Fn<-‫ط‬1 ‫&א‬e‫م‬$;
 XFFZO‫د‬FF;2neFFo$FF‫ن‬FF3‫
ن‬5FFmMhFF‫وא‬، XFF‫א‬O‫د‬FF;2NFF-;‫د‬FF(;V‫ א‬K٨
 KE٣F#-
3Z
 E٤FW9 ¶ X‫א_}א‬Yw]ƒ+‫א‬£Gu,%ZW[
K$`‫אنو‬،Dpz‫א‬-R#]W‫א‬J }_‫א‬YwZ  J

K}F F_‫אא‬$FFF%gLFFFGƒs‫
و‬FFF3-+‫قא‬FFF%W–7FFFr
JFFF ‫אض‬,FFFV‫  א‬J–
K%W‫א‬n‫א‬,&‫א‬¢p‫
א‬J ‫אد‬$1
Ke‫א‬,o‫א‬81 He}_‫א‬H(7 Dpz‫א‬-R8Y  J‫ج‬
 Ke‫א‬,o‫א‬81 He%W‫א‬O,&-Dpz‫א‬-Rne‫א‬,o‫א‬O‫  زد‬J‫د‬
DpFFz‫א‬FF-RJFF FF $%+‫א‬ne‫א‬,FFoV‫א‬#FF‘2JFF NFF%8FF FFG¶ XFF‫א‬¢pFF&‫א‬
'F
‫ود‬F+‫א‬O,F&‫لא‬FlL9F J<F(-n<F‫א‬#F‘2'F
‫د‬$ +‫א‬O,&‫لא‬l
 KE٥F&‫א‬nPP^+‫[א‬n‫ƒא‬w‫[א‬O;‫ ' א‬n
‫و‬P+‫عא‬Y‫ وא‬X‫א‬O‫†א;د‬8
vF‫ƒوא‬Fc‫و`א‬a‫א‬n]WV‫א‬J N%8 ‫&و‬P‫א‬$;¶ X‫א‬¢p&‫{ولא‬
‫
و‬F%z‫[א‬:F‫ذ‬NF-;j‫א‬a‫و‬V‫ وא‬7r
a‫א‬P‫א‬h He[‫ن‬X‫אم א‬
$F;DpFz‫א‬F-RJF F8‫א‬F ‫زع‬F‫^صאن‬oV‫א‬N-; X‫نא‬e‫زאذא‬m‫و‬7p‫א‬
 KE٦F&P‫א‬
&PF‫א‬V#Fp}!‫}א‬F_‫!א‬+ 2‫ن‬enW‫א‬,‫א‬J ‫م‬$ ‫؛
”ن‬-P\‫و[א‬
FY%+‫א‬nF]WV‫א‬NF-;‫د‬F(;V‫א‬NF-;PF‫א‬Fp9‫&א‬PF‫א‬a2ƒFo
 ‫و‬،p9‫א‬
[™-PFVnFW‫א‬,‫א‬JF #F% F ‫و‬،F X‫א‬9<Fp‫و
א‬DpFz‫א‬F-RF*&KJ r

 K١٣،#-
3‫ א‬X‫אوא‬# * % ،E٢٠٠٨F#-8‫א‬ E١F

 K١٩٥،‫؟‬Md‫
م‬#‫و‬Z XZ5e+‫א‬# ‫ א‬X‫א‬HG،E٢٠٠٩FLW‫א‬$8;،#Z;1‫א‬ E٢F
 K١٣،#-
3‫ א‬X‫אوא‬# * % ،E٢٠٠٨F#-8‫א‬ E٣F
[}FF_‫
وא‬¢pFF&‫'א‬FF‫ز‬Z‫و‬$FF$FF
JFF;uPFF
‫א‬،٤٤٥،E١٣FLFFFF+‫א‬،FF`‫א‬+‫وא‬8FF\‫א‬FF£G E٤F
 ٢٠٠٤، ‫ א‬X‫א‬neo
[}FF_‫
وא‬¢pFF&‫'א‬FF‫ز‬Z‫و‬$FF$FF
JFF;uPFF
‫א‬،٤٤٥،E١٣FLFFFF+‫א‬،FF`‫א‬+‫وא‬8FF\‫א‬FF£G E٥F
 K، ‫ א‬X‫א‬neo
neFFo[}FF_‫
وא‬¢pFF&‫'א‬FF‫ز‬Z‫و‬$FF$FF
JFF;uPFF
‫א‬،E١٣FLFFFF+‫א‬،FF`‫א‬+‫وא‬8FF\‫א‬FF£G E٦F
 K، ‫ א‬X‫א‬

١٧
 „FeFo¹PFHFª5F-]‫ض
و‬F%‫دאدא‬,FV‫ل‬F)V‫ذ‬2‫؛‬Fp9‫&א‬PF‫א‬W
 KO1lW[&P‫א‬
،;vF DpFz‫א‬F-RF8;‫א‬FG(p‫دא‬W,%+‫لא‬-T‫ א‬D-YZMh‫وא سא‬
‫؛‬O1FFFc‫]א‬F F‚‫ط‬FFFWVnPFFFP^+ ‫
م‬، XFFF‫א‬¢p‫א‬FFF& ‫
م‬،L9]1FFFX ‫א‬FFF
 KO1c‫א‬#YwZ51 Dpz‫א‬-RN-;‫א`ع‬J :he‫و‬
L9;vFFZ‫و‬،L9FF FF(
DpFFz‫א‬FF-R‫ع‬vFFZW‫ل‬FFWFFW,%+‫لא‬FF-T‫وא‬$FFZ‫؛‬LFFzJFF ‫و‬
 K]^+‫א‬jP‚J3
FF LFFs?FF;v‫א‬FF|‫و‬+‫?א‬FFW'FF8+‫ذجא‬FF(‫אא‬FF2JFF DFF-YZ‫ل‬FF-T‫א‬hFFG‫و‬
NF-;tF&7-FW,%+‫لא‬F-T‫;א‬Fo$F ‫ل‬FW:F‫لא‬F* #%-Zn3 J ‫و‬Z
 KL9 3+‫א‬$‫א‬n‫و א‬، X‫א‬eo' - +‫قא‬%W

-@@C5
@@%‫
אو‬:@@;/
?
‫دא‬0‫(@@
و‬K;
‫@@ق‬C.
@@;b
?
 @@‫(@@\
وא‬M‫
א‬-@@E
h@@[‫ ^א‬

(j ‫א‬
[iFF78‫א‬uFF_‫<و‬FF‫א‬n‫א‬FFYc‫א‬$FFW
iFF78‫א‬HFFKOGFF*‫א‬FF*W ¬$FF“
'FF HFF +‫
ن?א‬iFFW8‫א‬FF9*7-œFF‫א‬OGFF*‫”نא‬FF
‫ق؛‬1FF‫אא‬hFFG[‫و‬،FF
‫א‬$G
DFF%
F|[FZ8s‫و‬FZ`T‫ع‬8Fo2NP
D%a2N1?1{ ‫ن
م‬e‫
دא‬e‫א‬
F3˜V# F‫ א‬XF‫א‬F-;‫م‬F%MhF‫א‬#FT‫ذجא‬F(‫אא]؛
”نא‬hG[‫و‬،-l‫د‬
‫אل‬F ‫א‬N-;‫ل‬PT‫א‬:h J$rH7-L9 ˆo'
$¦p(;' H;&‫א‬J
[FF%+‫א‬JFF ‫و‬K‫ع‬vFF‫א‬VFF|‫و‬+‫א‬FF%%W$FFe{ZOPFF ‫و‬KL9ZFF`W‫ א‬XFFFF -Y+‫א‬
‫
ن‬LsFF
،#FF8+‫وא‬tFF&V‫د‬PFF%‫وא‬#FF(-‫د‬FF%‫[א‬OvFF‫
نא‬W# FF‫'א‬FF‫א‬
 K|‫ و‬#G‫א‬%%W‫ع؛
”ن‬vZDpz‫א‬-R ‫א‬8;‫א‬N-;sP ‫د‬%‫א‬

‫ن‬/‫ذ‬0
_
‫ع‬+5
/,
‫د‬C‫ *
א وط
و=
א‬
،FF FF&  XFF# FF‫ א‬XFF‫א‬neFFo9 $FF%ZœFF‫א‬FF$‫†א‬PFF‫نא‬2
‫אوط‬J 9
$Z5‫א‬%  ‫}א‬2L‫ذ‬2‫؛‬lV‫א‬WJ ƒ.eH +‫א‬9 $%&
HFF +‫'א‬1FFVH3FF 9Z&FFr‫و א‬FF $c‫}ودא‬FF ‫د‬$FF‫و‬،FF9%WeFF-žFF&ˆFF
‰ FF hFF&Zn‫אא‬FF`2´FF NFF-;O‫و‬FF;،J;hFF‫
ن‬V2'
FF+‫א‬JFF ‫ع‬FF‫אא‬hFFGa2‫ج‬FF\‫א‬
(FV،‫ع‬Y%‫אא‬hG[e‫ 'א‬H ‫[א‬RH +‫א‬$%&¦–-Y+‫ א‬X‫א‬
‫ع‬FFFY%‫
'א‬FFF(e‫ن‬1FFF‫א‬OFFFW[nFFF`T‫وא‬n‫<و‬FFF‫א‬FFF8ZhFFFlXZœFFF‫
'א‬FFF+‫[א‬
 K#(-‫
وא‬،#7P‫א‬

١٨

T(+‫
א‬cm 
F(‫א‬$Fr% WF F MF*‫א‬1F+‫א‬NF-;HF ‫א‬NF-;nF‫[א‬Fš—G
O‫א‬F%HF+‫مא‬$F;HFt[‫و‬،‫وض‬F&-F- %‫ƒא‬FseF‫دא‬F%;-.ª ‫و‬،Dpz‫א‬-R
،FF$FF-(‫א‬JFF HFF(‫א‬ $FFGuFF|‫وو‬،FF9Z‫א‬8;‫ض‬FF(s‫و‬،9-FFr&ZOFF.3‫د‬FF%‫א‬
F F HPFˆ$r%+‫و؛
”نš א‬3+‫لوعא‬W¢ZN-;‫ل‬PT H.(+‫وא‬
‫د‬F%‫א‬jFZFW[،¢FKMFdDFYgF‫'אא‬F ‫ن‬- Jh‫&א‬t+‫א(وא‬
N(1FFFF FFG‫و‬$FF%‫ א‬FFNFF-;Oz{FF+‫א‬FF|‫–א‬FF;JFF 5FF;:FF‫و[ذ‬K>‫ع‬vFF‫א‬NFF-;
pFF|‫א‬FF
DFF%7ZH3FF $FF%‫א‬HFFKNFF-;‫ل‬FF8%‫–وא‬FFm‫א‬DFF
‫א‬ViFFW´-wFF
NF-;WF+‫نא‬F3ZiFW¢F F8Y+‫א‬n‫אא‬F`2$F;Fz
F9*F FG‫و‬، -Y+‫א‬
 KG$o

T @Y
_@
n@7
o@K
h@Cp‫@\
و‬E7
#@$
(@‫
א@

א‬T Y
\M'^ 



W‫א

א‬
 ‫א‬FF]
FF ‫دل‬FF;H3FF ]FF^+‫'א‬FF‫ز‬Z# FF‫א‬#FF+‫مא‬FF*‫א‬nFFµ$FFW
‫ن‬2
O1FFFc‫لא‬FFFW XFFF‫א‬neFFFo&PFFFZFFF&e[FFFW‫و‬Y+‫قא‬FFFY‫وא‬،FFF+‫א‬FFF-(‫א‬
LFG FY]F^+‫א‬F
eF-(iFWJF ،‫}ن‬F ƒ  s‫و*م‬،™|
H-lJ;3Z
‫ق‬FF%WFF-RLFFG‫و‬،FFl±‫א‬ FFY-n‫زא‬FF V‫وא‬5FF3+‫'א‬FF‘HFF‫و‬،DpFFz‫א‬FF-R
 K3-+‫א‬
9
Ld XZneo#G9%%W[ ‫ א‬X‫א‬neo‫
ن‬:‫ذ‬
‫ذج‬F(‫א‬F]2[F$-%‫א‬F_‫ א‬X‫א‬neo ‫و‬9  ‫وא&ق‬،‫ ض‬Yc‫א‬H%
F .FF ;vFF  X1FF+‫نא‬FFeF ‫وق‬FF&‫א‬hFF9
،FF%%W„1FF‫و‬-3FFo‫وق‬FF
#FFT‫א‬
‫ن‬Fe‫א‬hF‫و‬، XF‫א‬F(+;F‫وطא‬F‫א‬-3FoDF%7F92neF‫א‬nY|‫א‬
(.FV‫]א‬F‚9
J X1+‫א‬H(7‫ذ‬2،_‫א א‬neoJ ve
9
w‫א‬
HF(7ZF( ،n<F-‫ط‬1F ‫א‬F&e‫م‬$F;]F‚HF(7F(e،‫ل‬+‫–א‬8;
‫م‬F%ZF( ،F9Z]W‫وא‬F‹µ
JF p1Fc‫א‬:F-Z'
$F M_‫ א‬X‫א‬neo:‫ذ‬
†F-8 ‫”אض‬F :F‫وذ‬p1Fc‫א‬:F-Z X1F+‫–א‬1FWHF(7  F‫ א‬XF‫א‬neo
 XFF‫א‬eFFo‫
ن‬FF(e،FF%WV‫ض‬FF%‫א‬:FF‫`عذ‬,FF‫א‬LFFz X1FF+‫–א‬1FFTp1FFc‫א‬
[—FZV‫و‬LFw‫—[א‬F
 <F+‫א‬wPF  XF‫طא‬1F
(.F ‫م‬F%Z ‫א‬
:FF‫ذ‬LFFs‫مو‬FFsHFF(7Z‫طو‬1FF ‫(א‬.FF ‫م‬FF%ZFF_‫ א‬XFF‫א‬neFFoFF( ،‫م‬FFw‫א‬
 KE١F(.V‫א‬

:F-+‫א‬F `F-)،‫؟‬MFd‫
م‬#‫و‬FZ XFZ5Fe+‫א‬# F‫ א‬XF‫א‬HFG،E٢٠٠٩FLWF‫א‬$F8;،#Z;1F‫ א‬E١F
 K١٩٦‫و‬١٨١،٢‫ع‬٢٢‫م‬،# ‫دא‬PV‫א‬W}}‫א‬$8;

١٩
،n<FF‫אدא‬$1FFeFF‫א‬$FFnFF]WV‫طوא‬1FF ‫א‬FF&e‫م‬$FF;FFW[
‫א‬hFG‫و‬،}F_‫א‬$1F X1F+‫א‬a2‫א`ع‬93˜V‫و‬9
29o2a2e‫א‬Y<Z
# F‫ א‬XF‫א‬eFoLFG‫ن‬F {+‫א‬Fy2،‫ن‬F {+‫א‬LG X1+‫
نא‬%%W9*
 KE١F5e+‫א‬
uF 
HF.ª z819-((e3‫‘'א‬n 1T‫א‬:-Ze‫א‬H(7“Z
FF-(-FF9Z‫دא‬2HFF % eFF‫א‬hFFlXZMhFF‫א‬FF` ‫[א‬eFF‫™א‬FF HFF.(‫و‬KeFF‫א‬
،n<FF‫'א‬FF
‫طود‬1FF ‫مא‬FF‫[א‬E XFF‫א‬n 1FFWFJFF;FF9e‫و‬JFF;‫و‬FF X‫א‬
 XF‫א‬neFo FlN-;،(<  ‫אوא‬e‫א‬u 
‫ن‬3Z# ‫و‬
 KE٢F8‫ن‬3Z$œ‫א_א‬
NF-; XF‫א‬O‫د‬F;2F&-3Z X1+‫–א‬1W9 H(\‫אدאא‬3‫א‬J(<Z
 KE٣Fdneo‫ن‬3Z 8sœ‫ א‬X‫א‬neo$ X1+‫‚]א‬
PFWF‹‫ن‬F3iFW، <F+‫–א‬-FX  XF‫طא‬1F
(. e‫مא‬%Z
 KE٤FLG$W‫ نو‬X1+‫א‬9-(7
O1c‫
א‬،%%W[™ ‫א‬J



W‫ًא‬r‫א‬5‫
א‬s5 ‫
א‬h(Cp
t0
P*^
q
T Y
N
‫
א

א‬T Y 
 $F9ZFdneFo#G91XZ‫*م‬L3b‫ א و‬X‫א‬neo‫ن‬2
JFFF;9FFF-%‫و‬FFFYl ‫'א‬FFF(dFFFGpFFF‫א‬9]FFF‫و‬،9(9FFF
FFF-(TuFFF  ‫א‬DFFF%a2
V F#F ‫و‬،uF  ‫א‬DF%7-FeE#F ‫ض‬F ]F^+‫א‬H%F´1%  X1+‫א‬
 KE٥FYl ‫&א‬-3ZL;‫د‬9&pt‫و‬J ‫ن‬3
JFF ، FF‫ א‬XFF‫א‬neFFoFF9dœFF‫א‬OPFF ،#‫و‬FF‫ א‬XFF‫دא‬FF%;
،$F%‫א‬HFKF - JF ،nF|‫و‬+‫مא‬F3W
'F‘F9-;MFm‫א‬h‫؛و‬n|‫و‬+‫دא‬%;
 KE٦F ‫دא
و‬%e‫ذא‬2|‫ƒ א‬lX‫
وא‬،-|&+‫مא‬$;‫و‬،w‫م`אزא‬$;‫و‬

@@@ v‫
وא‬h@@@ (,;‫( @@@
?
א‬W*+
t0
‫ق‬g@@@ g‫ @@@
א‬+X
?
@@@ (/n‫ @@@
א‬%‫ @@@ذج
?
אو‬


K?(‫
א‬wx
TW+M;
W9Z $FFl‫و‬FF9Z_ FFYZ[ FF‫א‬FF+‫;א‬PFF‫[א‬.WFF8‫א‬¢FF 'FF8Z‫א‬
FF‫و‬K‫و‬M$FF-%‫א‬#FF+‫مא‬FF*‫א‬FFWYFF HFF3 hFFl ‫א‬FFG‫و‬،E١F;FF‫א‬FF-3‹‫‰א‬9FF
 K٢٠٢،‫؟‬Md‫
م‬#‫و‬Z XZ5e+‫א‬# ‫ א‬X‫א‬HG،E٢٠٠٩FLW‫א‬$8;،#Z;1‫א‬ E١F
 K١٩٥،‫؟‬Md‫
م‬#‫و‬Z XZ5e+‫א‬# ‫ א‬X‫א‬HG،E٢٠٠٩FLW‫א‬$8;،#Z;1‫א‬ E٢F
 K١٩٥،‫؟‬Md‫
م‬#‫و‬Z XZ5e+‫א‬# ‫ א‬X‫א‬HG،E٢٠٠٩FLW‫א‬$8;،#Z;1‫א‬ E٣F
 K١٩٥،‫؟‬Md‫
م‬#‫و‬Z XZ5e+‫א‬# ‫ א‬X‫א‬HG،E٢٠٠٩FLW‫א‬$8;،#Z;1‫א‬ E٤F
FF-)،MFF_‫ א‬XFF-FFZ‫`ز‬2[MPFF+‫א‬DFF
FF W XFF‫[א‬nFF&‫و‬،E٢٠٠٩FLWFF‫א‬$FF8;،#Z;1FF‫א‬ E٥F
 K٢٢٢،٢‫ع‬٢٢‫م‬،# ‫دא‬PV‫א‬W}}‫א‬$8;:-+‫` א‬
F(-# F‫א‬:8‫א‬،5$‫وא‬678-# ‫א‬$9+‫א‬، X-#;‫א‬H$8‫א‬،E٢٠٠٨F$(K،‫א‬ E٦F
 K١٩‫ص‬،}g+‫[א! א א‬n$%;O‫و‬$،„3‫دوא‬، ‫و‬¥ ‫وא א‬

٢٠
M$F-%‫א‬#F+‫مא‬F*‫زא‬F&F+HFT‫ جوא‬F^+‫دא‬m2‫و‬K[(9+‫א‬Oً P7 ،;o
KE٢Fn_ J
HFF.(‫و‬،FF‫وא‬OPFF  F ‫א‬FF+‫;א‬PFF‫[א‬FF8 ‫א‬$FFsMhFF‫‰א‬9F +‫אא‬hFFG
œFF‫א‬FF9Z‫ذא‬FF_‫א‬O‫د‬FF;#FFG‫و‬،FFYZ‫אد‬FF+‫‰א‬FF+‫א‬JFF ً%81FF F -Y+‫א‬FF_‫א‬$FF$7
LFF3T‫א‬$FFr% 'FF #FF%%T‫א‬DFF
‫אא‬$FF JFF;FF*‫א‬¢FFw ‫و‬KM$FF-%‫‰א‬FF+‫א‬FF9%%ˆ
 KE٣Fn_+‫א‬h‹#;‫א‬
،E٤FFF%&‫א‬JFF O‫ذ‬lXFF $FF;‫لوא‬FFr
NFF-;X1FF+‫א‬FF3Z–-FF
:FF‫ً[ذ‬F8
LFF 8sœ‫وא‬،N ‫א‬$%‫א‬9%&‫א‬5G‫א‬h J ‫ 
אل‬D&-‫א‬J ƒ.3 :‫ ًذ‬7P
‫ن‬F3Z‫
 ن‬e9%&‫א‬n‫و‬$+‫[א‬Ge‫)دذ‬$‫و‬،#‫א‬9J;9`‫א‬l2
،n8-1FF‫א‬JFF F%Y‫א‬hFFGƒ.FFZFF+6‫א‬,FFeV‫ودونא‬KFFZeK‫אد‬FFFF+FFZFF‫د‬
 W9 ‫و‬
9µ‫ א א‬X‫א‬neo$(1ZMh‫وא‬،# ‫א'א‬$r% &‚ E١
K$r%+‫א‬hG9 ‫
ضא}א‬N-;Lp‹‫لאس‬8‫و‬،
$FF ‫ل‬FFWnV›1FF‫وא‬n98FF‫لوא‬$FF!‫א‬OFFz2‫ل‬FFlJFF (1FF‫]א‬FF^+‫ض‬FF‫ א‬E٢
K‫אم‬L#%%T‫لא‬. V‫א‬V513--‫وאšذאو‬،‰+‫;א‬o
‫د‬FF‫د‬FF);FF‫<א ´א‬FF‫™א‬8PFFZ‫ذ‬2‫;؛‬FF‫<א ´א‬FF‫موא‬FF3W ‫א‬-3FFo E٣
F(‫א‬F;<FF ‫א‬hG‫و‬K9p‫وא‬J ‫د‬P‫(א‬V‫و‬9%%WV-3o
KE٥F8‫و‬:oHK ‫א‬+‫;א‬P‫א‬Hm‫و‬، ‫א‬n_+
،F+‫א‬n1F{+‫مא‬F
ً F%p;‫ ًو‬F£8;´ ‫א<א‬:-Z™8PZ‫ذ‬2‫א|
؛‬+‫&א‬-3‫ א‬E٤
‫
ن‬FT‫א‬hFG[#9$F ‫و‬K
F|2F&-3Z‫د‬F)HF ،
<F F(M
DF%V#9

O$F-%+‫ א‬F‫א‬nF_+‫نא‬3،H(‫ א‬N-;&-3‫א‬hG+‫א‬n1{+‫ א‬H(
.E٦F9Z‫א_ذא‬9%%Ls،$-%‫א‬n_+‫א‬J &-e.e
9‫[א‬

8%‫ א‬O$` ،;‫ א‬-3‹‫ א‬،r ،n‫ زدא‬E١F

http://www.alqabas.com.kw/Final/NewspaperWebsite/NewspapePublic/ArticlePage.a
  spx?ArticleID=337884
 K٢٩٣،# ‫دא‬PV‫[א‬#(-‫א‬i78‫א‬nGd‫א‬،E٢٠٠٧F‫(ل‬e،–YW E٢F
‫אع‬$F ‫ א‬F  F‫ א‬F+‫ א‬nF_+‫א‬،L-F،٣٧٨، F‫א‬ PF+‫_[א‬Z‫א‬,F‫א‬O‫אدא‬،#F w+‫ א‬E٣F
 K٢٢،$-%‫وא‬
# FF‫א‬FF%&‫א‬PF l،#FF9%
HFFrX FF9TO$_1FF+‫א‬FF‫אא‬FF%%T$FF$FFX #FF9%&‫א‬FF3‫א‬ FF E٤F
HFr ‫א‬F 9 F+‫وא‬1F§‫א‬JF DF%7‫א‬$F;O$_1F+‫א‬F‫א‬- Fr‫א و‬:F-ZFY;2$PF% ،F9%
 r‫و‬X
FFZ%8YZ‫و‬O$_1FF+‫'א‬pFF-#FF9%&‫א‬FF3‫א‬،E٢٠٠٤F‫ن‬FF(.;$FF(K،ƒ8FFoKF %%T‫[א‬O$_1FF+‫א‬FF‫وאא‬
K٣٠‫ص‬،D ‫د‬،L-%‫دאא‬،9%&‫א‬
F+‫ א‬nF_+‫א‬،L-،١٥،F ‫א‬F+‫א‬nF_+‫א‬FYZnF_Z‫א‬,‫وא‬F+‫א‬F ‫א ز‬،$R
‫و‬،‫وز‬$ E٥F
 K٢٣،$-%‫אع وא‬$ ‫א   א‬
 K٢٤،$-%‫אع وא‬$ ‫ א   א‬+‫ א‬n_+‫א‬،L- E٦F

٢١
ƒFFsFF9%
‫אل‬FF
NFF-;FF3‫وא‬DFF&-‫א‬5FF-Y‫ذ‬2‫؛‬#FFp‫} ¶وא`א‬FF‫ولא‬FFY‫ א‬E٥
FF3‫زق?א‬ÀFF JFF ‫وج‬FF^-O$FF;n‫אא‬FF`‫[א‬:FF‫ذ‬3FF‫
ن‬HFFr ‫[א‬FF(s
hF&‫א‬O$F [FF s ƒFsFYF‫א‬a2M‫ {د‬G‫و‬،M$-%‫ א‬X-?#;‫א‬
Kƒ1‫وא‬H91‫א[א‬u‫’و‬g
‰9F+F_$F-%+‫‰א‬F+‫א‬F9 ‫د‬1+‫א‬+‫א‬L*‫א‬n ‫
ز‬Yl
‫ אض אضو‬E٦
FFFF! ‫ول‬FFFF‫و‬FFFF$-%‫;א‬PFFFF‫א‬5FFFFZFFFF$-%‫א‬nFFFF_+‫نא‬2‫ذ‬2‫؛‬H1FFFF-1‫א‬
&FFFFFF‫ض‬FFFFFF‫}مא‬-1FFFFFFZnFFFFFF_+‫א‬hFFFFFFGOFFFFFFeK‫و‬،9FFFFFF|‫و
א‬9Z3FFFFFF
™8PFFFZiFFFbFFF$-%‫א‬nFFF_+‫א‬JFFF $FFF}+‫א‬OFFFeK‫}م‬-1FFFFFF G‫و‬،n3FFF+‫א‬
F9 #Zœ‫א‬9Z‫ذא‬n ‫א אضوא ز‬J #Z9‫א [א‬+‫;א‬P‫א‬
'FF NFF-;‫م‬F%?FF;v‫א‬FF|‫و‬+‫ذج?א‬FFyDFF
‫ و‬XFF
KE١FFF$-%‫א‬FF+‫;א‬PFF‫א‬
9*FFW[،O1Fc‫א‬FW&PF‫א‬n3Fo2n‫

ز‬OP  X‫א‬n $l
Kn3o‫א‬hG‫وز‬dN-;$
‫ن‬3O$‫}א‬+‫א‬e+‫ذجא‬y‫
ن‬%WV
JFF }FF`FFGFF$-%‫א‬FF+‫;א‬PFF-‰FF M
‫”ن‬FF
،%FFV‫وא‬FF‹‫אنא‬$FF%
E٧
F‫و‬K‫و‬KO‫د‬$FKF›‫&و‬1F-
NF-;F(p%‫א‬nF_+‫وא‬n‫ א دوא‬JF - 3  *
n‫ 
دوא‬pFOFe\ F‫;א‬PF‫ א‬Fm،9F
‫و‬F *+‫א‬hFG GF`$-%Z
$FFF%&Z‫ن‬XFFF O‫د‬$FFF9  FFF‫א‬FFF+‫;א‬PFFF‫א‬HFFFmFFF FFFG‫و‬،GFFFr;‫و‬FFF *+‫א‬
;PFFF#FF%%W$FFF$9ZFFFG‫و‬KFFF$-%‫;א‬PFFF-FFF-(! FFF Z™8PFFFZ‫و‬9PFFF^o
K?;v‫و|א‬+‫ذج?א‬yHt[ ‫ א‬X‫א‬
 F‫א‬F+‫;א‬PF‫&א‬1F-
' ‫¦م‬8‫א‬5m  
—G‫ن‬2
 KE٢F$-%‫* א‬+‫א‬-;‫م‬%ZMh‫א سא‬OeK ‫و‬،p‫د‬8 ‫و‬
FF*‫א‬O‫د‬FF;25FF-YZO1F c‫א‬FFW[ XFF‫א‬neFFo&PFFZ‫ن‬2،-PFF\‫و[א‬
$F|‫ط‬F7‫ وא‬XF‫א‬O‫دא‬O$F‫}א‬+‫א‬eF+‫ذجא‬FyiFW8‫א‬u,F%GJ ‫و‬،‫ (ذج‬
 K&P‫א‬WO1c‫‚]א‬
 

 K٢٤،$-%‫אع وא‬$ ‫ א   א‬+‫ א‬n_+‫א‬،L-E١F

K٧ J٦، ‫א‬+‫א‬$‹‫א‬،L3‫א‬$8;،‫وز‬$E٢F

٢٢



F4‫
א‬F'=‫א‬


‫א
אא
دא
א

א‬
 
  X‫א‬ $G
 ' ‫אא‬+‫א‬  i.‫א‬+‫א‬  #.‫א‬+‫א‬  ‫א ول‬+‫א‬
 ¢‫א‬  ‫א<(ن‬  <‫
'א‬  `T‫א‬8-Z
  X‫א‬°‫د‬8
 ' ‫
אא‬$8+‫א‬  i.‫
א‬$8+‫א‬  #.‫
א‬$8+‫א‬  ‫
א ول‬$8+‫א‬
 ‫אج‬  %.‫א‬  |‫و‬+‫א‬  e+‫א‬
  X‫א‬jpPl
 .‫א‬rc‫א‬
  ‫אא‬rc‫  א‬..‫א‬rc‫א‬  a‫א و‬rc‫א‬
´8<‫א‬- 
 ‫ل‬$‫א‬  uP
‫وא‬n8z‫א‬  ‫אون‬
 ‫س‬%‫وא‬
 Hw‫א‬n-(;
 ' ‫אא‬53+‫  א‬i.‫א‬53+‫  א‬#.‫א‬53+‫א‬  ‫א ول‬53+‫א‬
 `^+‫א‬  8\‫א‬  n-(‫א‬  9(!‫لא‬8%‫א‬
 $&1+‫א‬  ´1%‫א‬  J {+‫א‬  J {+‫א‬
 $‫* א‬+‫א‬
jPb:o
 ‫א\ل‬  —+‫لא‬+‫   
سא‬zjPb:o
 O$‫ }א‬
 e+‫א‬$%;jpPl
™ ‫[א‬O‫وא‬1+‫א‬
 ‫}م‬- ƒs  ¶ ‫ز‬  V‫و‬
 O1c‫وא‬
 # ‫ א‬X‫א‬ $GD%
 9Z‫د 
'א(
وزد‬m2



‫ذج
א
אא
دא
א

א‬
F$‫א‬F‫א‬FrZNF-;# ‫ א‬X‫[א‬O$‫}א‬+‫א‬e+‫ذجא‬y‫م‬%
HFF(7‫אل‬FF
eFFo[eFF+‫א‬O$FF;NFF-;FF3-+‫قא‬FF%WFF-R‫و‬DpFFz‫א‬FF-RFF
،‫ل‬FFF+‫
سא‬FFF3- ‫س‬FFF
NFFF-;n‫(א‬.FFFV‫[א‬PFFFO1FFFc‫ ™وא‬FFF‫א‬FFF9
‫(ن‬G1FF+‫א‬
‫ز
ن‬FF`‫ن‬2‫و‬،™ F‫א‬JFF 81FVOF` ‫א‬$FFp;D71FFrl‫ƒא‬FF`
eF‫א‬O‫دא‬2F8;‫وא‬
 KO‫אدא‬O&3‫א ™`&}א‬J 81O‫|'دא‬Z

٢٣
JFF3~‫ن‬2 XFF‫א‬nFF;YFF8sFFYw¹FFrFF
eFF+‫א‬O$FF;
FFZ
F8-Za2 $F9ZF‫و‬Z‫אل‬F
eFo F‫ א‬XF‫א‬eFo‫ن‬Fe‫
س‬N-;9-e
‫د‬Fm2HF&3FgLG‫د‬$9Zœ‫א‬Yl ‫א‬J L9R‫و‬،L9;<‫א(و
'א‬n`W
 K{&eM‫د‬P‫א‬H3 9Z‫
وزد‬# ‫[א'א‬Ov+‫وא‬L‹O‫د‬P%+‫
'א‬+‫א‬
#FG‫و‬،(.FV‫א‬eF‫א‬F*&K‫ل‬Fµ
[F PFPW XF‫א‬Dpz‫و‬H.ª
vFF;#‫א‬FF H3FF O‫א‬,FF+‫ א‬XFF‫א‬DpFFz‫و‬$FF‫}א‬FF8Z$FF‫א}א‬FF- % PFFZeFF
 Kn‫א‬1‫א‬
F c‫א‬n 1FT‫א‬F(p‫”;ن‬F MH3 p1c‫وא‬u  ‫א‬J;8\‫א‬LZ
F
$F(ZF(3W<F<Z(.FV‫لא‬Fr ‫א‬¢<FZLF‫و‬، He9[
OvFc‫א‬nF8 1FZ‫ و‬F‫א‬8\‫و ƒא‬9+‫א‬8\‫א‬$;‫א‬%‫א‬N-;e‫א‬
 K(.‫אد‬L%‫א‬$%Z‫[)ل‬
FFFF;
$+‫א‬FFFF$%‫א‬n<FFF‫†א‬FFFF8 ‫و‬FFFF X‫א‬n $FFFc‫א‬FFFF3Z$FFFF%ZLFFF
[™PFF‫אذنא‬O$FF;DFF
‫و‬DpFFz‫א‬FF-(b‫ص‬FFc‫א‬M(.FFV‫–א‬1FFWNFF-;J$&1FF(-
LPFš‫
ن‬NF-;،‫אل‬F ‫א‬eFo[Fµ
J }`e‫א‬$W
‫دאد‬,‫אزא‬Q$%‫א‬
 Ke‫[א‬e 81[rJ
n $FFc‫א‬FF3ZJFF DpFFz‫א‬FF-R(.FF‫–א‬1FFWNFF-;O$FF%+‫†א‬FF8+‫א‬vFFZ
 KL9 rc‫(א‬.V‫א‬p1l–1WJ J$&1(-;
$+‫א‬$%‫†א‬8+‫ وא‬X‫א‬
[(.FV‫א‬JF DF%7+‫א‬$Fp‫א‬NF-;‫ل‬PFT‫א‬DFW9F- WF X‫א‬DpFz‫א‬#YZ
iFbF`‚:F‫ذ‬$‫و‬،#Z‫م‬%z‫א‬$$_ 5s~‫ن‬2M$% H3 ™ ‫א‬W
 K‫د‬$!‫א‬Dpz‫א‬-RJ e‫[א‬Hl$J -KHˆ
[FFl
‫م‬FFeFF‫'א‬FF eFF $FF$_ 5FFs‫אא‬FF%z‫א‬HFF W5PFF$FF%
$FF$d‫م‬$FF;‫–و‬71FFV 5FFsFFM
[%71FF‫و‬،eFF‫[א‬M(.FFV‫ א‬1FFW
 K X‫א‬
FF(p‫دא‬eFF a2eFF‫[א‬eFF HFF7 ‫א‬FFl9FF- WDpFFz‫א‬#FFYZ
Fµ‫א‬F(% L9F ‫א‬JF ‫א‬$F%g–FeV‫لא‬FlJ 3-+‫قא‬%W-Ra2‫ل‬%V
 K. n‫א‬e9-;D&  ‫ز‬O$ #< $
LGF8; M(.FV‫א‬$Fp‫א‬F3-+‫قא‬F%WF-R‫و‬DpFz‫א‬F-RJF HeD71
vFe ‫}א‬F!‫א‬e‫`א‬Z‫
ن‬#<%‫א‬hG‫و‬K9
(.1+‫لא‬r ‫[א‬PPW‫ن‬3-˜
HFFF` ‫א‬HFFF]‫(א‬.FFF‫א‬FFF ‫ل‬FFFr
[#FFF%%T‫(א‬.FFF9$FFF‫אل‬FFF ‫دא‬PFFF JFFF

٢٤
 HFF%neFFo‫و‬،‫دق‬FF
‫و‬n$FFr‫[و‬FF ‫و‬nFF `‫אسو‬$FF FF2[eFF+e
 K XZn $le‫א‬9
‫م‬$%Zœ‫א‬n;Y%‫א‬He:h ;‫ א‬KKK
 K(‫–א‬1WN-;‫([א\&*א;(دא‬G1+‫†א‬8+‫אא‬$% –1W‫א‬L
NFF-;‫ص‬FFT‫وא‬،FF93
FF FF$%n<FFZL$FF%Z5FFdNFF-;eFF‫صא‬FF
n$F%;‫
و‬،(.F‫א‬F9
„(GFœF‫א‬n1F{+‫لא‬lJ J$&1(-n $c‫
ƒא‬Z
‫ن‬F8s ƒ
 J$&1+‫א‬ ‫א‬$G
e‫א‬D%:h ‫و‬،n $l$‫}و‬Zn&Z‫א‬9
wFFFZ„(FFF|‫و‬،¸‫א‬KKKKn‫א‬1FFF‫א‬uFFFr2‫و‬،LFFF-‫وא‬7PFFF‫[א‬FFF XZn $FFFlJFFF
 K9Z‫(א‬.V‫&{א‬e
(FV X‫א‬Dpz‫אو‬oJ;L9&Z$  X‫א‬eoJ J$&1+‫قא‬%7‫א‬
eF‫א‬n‫(א‬.‫لא‬r
[eo‫א‬78r
L9eN-;‫م‬%-p‫ א‬X‫[ א ‰א‬
 Ki-- 9
9PpPlJ  (‹L9X L9 e‫لא‬Wrl
،DpFFz‫و‬FF-ReFF‫א‬FF*&K[(G1FF+‫'א‬FF‘NFF-;‫زع‬FFZO1FFc‫لא‬FFW[
 K(.V‫[א\&*א‬L9 He81 3- ‫ق‬%W‫و‬
eFFF‫א‬n‫(א‬.FFF‫'א‬FFF(!#FFF%%T‫א‬¢<FFF‫א‬LFFFFFFp9‫&א‬PFFF‫لא‬FFFW[
F3- J 81‫א‬$%gHebn -Y+‫א‬LPl$ ¢p&‫وزعא‬،9%W&‫وא‬
 K*&\‫א‬
F-R‫ج‬FlJF eF‫א‬JF J$&1(-n ‫}א‬V‫؛
”ن‘'א‬O1c‫لא‬W[‫و‬
V2(G1FF+‫א‬a2‫ل‬FF%V‫א‬LFFV‫אאو‬$FF ‫א‬L9FF%bFF
‫א‬LFF.FF J<FF+eDpFFz‫א‬
 KL9%W&P
~J ‫
م‬،3- ‫ق‬%W-Ra2‫ل‬J L9 ‫א‬Dpz‫א‬-RH W[
 K‫
אل‬eo[3-+‫قא‬%W-R' eo‘LG8; ‫ل‬7
‫م‬FF‫א‬M(.FFV‫–א‬1FFT‫א‬JFF O‫אدא‬F `
FF9
FFgHwFF‫א‬n
‫و‬PFF LPFFš
 K:‫ذ‬$ O1c‫א ™وא‬51ˆ‫و‬،‫
אل‬eo[eo'(!‫
نא‬8; *&7(-
F-R™F –1FWJ (.‫‚]א‬jP^(e™ ‫א‬J 81jPšJ3˜
F9`‫א‬+‫م‬$^1F‫و‬،DpFz‫א‬F-R–1FWJF V‫ن‬F(p‫دא‬eoLG8; 3-+‫قא‬%W
 Kp9‫&א‬P‫لא‬W3-+‫قא‬%W-(brc‫א‬p1c‫א‬
،iFF-FF- FF FF(FF‹eFF‫( ً[א‬9FF
‫ن‬FF3-˜FF3-+‫قא‬FF%WFF-R
‫א‬$FF%+ 1FFlFF9 DFF7-‫و‬،(.FFV‫عא‬FF()JFF FF3-ªFF 81FF pFFoFFbD71FFZ
uFF  ‫א‬:FF‫[ذ‬FFgFF%WHFF3FFp L91FF‫'א‬pFF vFF‫و‬،‫אول‬$FF-FF- #FFG‫و‬،FFZ‫ذא‬
 p9‫&א‬P‫لא‬WO1c‫‚]א‬9`‫א‬+O}_\‫א‬

٢٥



‫
ذج
א
אא‬#0
e
‫
א

א‬PN

J١
J٣
F%%WF ‫ل‬r
N-;‫م‬%‫ج‬2‫د‬P‫א‬e# ‫دא‬PV‫¦˜ز א‬
#Fw8،F+‫א‬FZ}9`
‫و‬# F‫دא‬PFV‫א‬n1F{ $FW
F8; # ‫ א‬X‫وא‬،
 Kp‫د‬8 ‫א
و‬$G
‫دو‬PV‫א‬jpPlD%ˆ‫
ن‬
NFF-;‫دא‬FFFF-`# FF‫ א‬XFF‫;א‬FFr[n
FFZFF ‫ذא‬2œFF‫א‬FFrc‫א‬hFFG
‫ذج‬FyNF-;# F‫ א‬XF‫مא‬% H.(Z:hH. ‫א‬-‫وא‬،‫د‬$9Z]‚M25d
 Ke+‫א‬
—F NZXFFy2FG‫و‬KE١FF9Z‫
وزد‬F&+‫دא‬m2WX ‫د‬PV‫אج[א‬ ‫و‬
'FFF‫[א‬OvFFF '
FFF O‫د‬FFF‫د
وز‬FFFm2a2 $FFF9# FFF‫ א‬XFFF‫وא‬،‫ج‬FFF‫א‬HFFF ‫;א‬
NFF-;‫ذج‬FF(‫א‬FF Ã‫ن‬2V2DFF%7V‫א‬hFFG‫و‬،LF p ‫ن‬FF ‫[ز‬FFp(O‫د‬PFF% ،# FF‫א‬
 Ke+‫
سא‬
HFFeFF‫ج‬$FFMhFF‫א‬FFG‫و‬FF (;# FF‫ א‬XFF‫א‬FFN1FFMhFF‫א‬ $FF‹‫אא‬hFFG
# F‫ א‬XF‫
نא‬.WF8‫א‬¢  $% W[، X - +‫אضא‬s
‫و‬ns
،O1Fc‫א‬JF LF9 DFTF(;L9<F L9F;<F‫'א‬F
‫א(و‬n`W$1‫ع‬oy2
V XFF‫א‬JFF O‫د‬PFF%+‫א‬FF&+‫א‬7FFrNFF-;FF‹lJFF LFF3ˆœF‫ƒא‬FF+‫א‬$FFW
FFGFFy2
‫
و‬F`WHF(-F9
‫ن‬F3VFr‫و‬nFs X - (-‫
”ن‬V2‫و‬،$W‫|א‬s
FFrlLFF-‫א‬ $FF9 [ XFF‫
وא‬،$FF;%‫א‬$FF;M9FFo5FFZ‫א‬NFF-;‫ل‬PFFTe،FF|
 KKK # !‫א‬
FF8%Z+‫א‬FF(-+‫ƒא‬FFs‫و‬FF(-+‫
'א‬FF+‫א‬JFF FF;()JFF;OFF8;?W¶ XFF‫‰א‬FF+‫نא‬2
‫א‬hFe‫و‬LF‹J {F+‫א‬nF8s‫و‬nF`W‫عא‬8Fo2#F2M‫{د‬FZœF‫وא‬، XF‫א‬F%z‫و‬F9œ‫א‬
 KE٢F?9 Y8Z+‫א‬n $c‫א‬


‫
ذج
א
אא‬#0
e
‫
_
א

א‬n‫
א‬y[+‫
א‬w

J٢
J٣
O‫د‬PF%+‫ א‬X‫ &א‬N-;L3T‫‹א‬lJ J3˜ƒ O$;*W J3˜
 W# ‫[א'א‬9(p $ ‫و‬،H(‫א‬H8J



z‫
^;=(
א‬W
‫א(
א>ول‬
O‫<و‬F ‫ن‬1‫א‬oJ;‰Z X‫א‬N-;‫אم‬$‫
نא‬O3
J +‫אא‬hGD-Y
FZ‫א‬$% ‫نو‬1F‫א‬F£8 OzXF O$F‫ }א‬O‫د‬$F_ ; ‫ن‬1‫א‬n`W‫و‬، `W8-Z
FFF+‫אدא‬FFF #FFF&3ZV‫و‬،FFFFFF9(G
FFF1‫ن‬1FFF‫نא‬FFFeFFF FFF9(G
‫و‬،FFF
‫و
;א‬

 K٢٤Z*‫دو‬PV‫א‬L-;W‫ج‬T‫ א‬E١F

 K١٣١، X‫א‬Dpz‫و‬N-;D8Y ‰+‫א‬Yz$71 n_Z‫א‬,‫א‬،E٢٠٠٣F‫د‬،$(K E٢F

٢٦
،LF-‫وא‬،‫ج‬F‫ א‬XZW:‫ذ‬J ،Gƒ
 X‫لא‬lJ N1
،98-O‫ود‬$\‫א‬
a2‫ن‬1F‫
'א‬$FH8%1+‫אع[א‬H(ˆYlM
¬‫
ن‬:‫ذ‬،J ‫(وא‬T‫א‬9 $% [‫و‬
‫א‬FF| ‫א‬JFF  XFF‫אعא‬FF
FF
e‫و‬KFF`WFFG FYc‫אא‬hFFGJFF FFZ3-¦‫و‬1FF&FFR
 K YlJ (7-`T‫א‬$`ZiW
iF78‫–א‬-F
NF-;$F(+‫א‬O$F‫}א‬+‫א‬eF+‫ذجא‬Fy،F;8Z‫א‬5`‫نא(ذجאא‬2
'F(!‫א‬PFpPlJF ‫ذ ج‬Fy.F‹8F+‫א‬nF_+‫א‬L(PZ‫(و‬--&‫א‬n`WV‫א‬J;
nFF`WV‫א‬JFF;iFF78  FF2FF ;FFr‫د‬FFm2NFF-;HFF(FF3 V‫وא‬FFr ‫א‬FF
°‫د‬F8 ‫و‬F%
‫ن א‬F3Z‫ط
ن‬Fo،‹8+‫ א‬n_+‫א‬L(PZN-;H(‫(وא‬--&‫א‬
 K# ‫אعא‬
L%‫])(;א‬2[(‫א‬n8s‫و‬n`Wa2*‫א‬O$;J D-Y‫ذج‬y
O‫دא‬2N-; ‫د‬%‫وא‬¹P‫ א(ذجא‬G،L-1+‫א§('א‬9 J {œ‫א‬n-Y‫وא‬°‫د‬8+‫وא‬
 ‫א‬+‫;א‬P‫א‬J;%%W‫א‬v  ‫نא(ذج‬3H3 # ‫ א‬X‫א‬
 K9
‫א‬$G
‫و‬


 {‫
א‬y[
W
4‫א(
א‬
FZW[‫ض‬F
،‫א‬Fo8 ‫ƒא‬zXFZF-;F9%%z{O$$;Yl ‫ضא&د‬
F--FZ3-¦‫ض‬FZF(e،6‫אد‬FT‫ض
وא‬F+‫א‬F_}_‫
وא‬38+‫א‬n+‫א‬Yl
K¸‫א‬KKK‫و‬1F‫وא‬DFT‫א‬HF. FYl ‫א‬¢89|_$%&‫ 
وא‹—
وא‬$‫
وא‬
VF( ‫و‬KƒFw‫א‬nF3-¦‫و‬j^FoFd£1F F‹‫ض‬FZœF‫]א‬F^+‫א‬#2
|
،9z‫و‬$FW‫ن‬F3 ‫„و‬F XF8‫
و‬،F&^+‫א‬FYl ‫א‬hFGDF%'˜‫
ن‬O‫'א&د;د‬Y1
JF;F9;‫و‬#F-;5FZ,ZœF‫دא‬PV‫א‬z±‫א‬9`‫א‬+1&X9‫ذא
אد
ن‬2'Y1
V2
 K X‫א‬D]
hFGhFlXZiFW، X‫א‬Dpz‫و‬J 8 ‫و‬O$$;;‫ 
א‬X‫א‬neo$PZ‫و‬
[‫و‬K„F{+‫ א‬XF‫وא‬،OFT‫א‬M$  X‫א‬H. OT‫א‬#-; X‫&[א‬-‚‫א‬rDpz‫א‬
DFFFFT‫ א‬XFFFFZDpFFFFz‫ و‬XFFF‫א‬neFFFFo$PFFFFZ،£1FFF+‫وא‬nFFFF3-(+‫ א‬XFFFFZ‫ل‬FFF)
 XFFFZ‫و‬،E#-l‫א‬$FFF‫א‬HFFF%‫وא‬،‫ƒאن‬FFFY‫وא‬،MFFF78‫א‬FHFFF%‫ א‬XFFFZ‫و‬،FFF-(3‫א‬nFFF X‫وא‬
‫ذج‬FFyFF]2[PFF‫א‬hFFGHFFe‫و‬K¸‫א‬KKK£1FF+‫ א‬XFFZ‫و‬،6‫אد‬FFT‫ א‬XFFZ‫و‬،n‫א‬1FF‫א‬
 KGPZJ3˜Ore+‫א‬
‫<؛‬F‫عא‬F‫و‬$F;;FoNF-; XF - F+‫لא‬FM‫د‬F F <F‫و
'א‬
F-(KFYl
JF (T‫*مא‬G X‫ذ
نא‬2،H(K|ur2 $91 X

MhF‫<א‬F‫א‬ur2  $‹‫نא‬e‫ذא‬2V2(T‫א‬hGD%ˆVG‫و‬،H8%1+‫אع[א‬
 K X‫
سא‬G<‫
”نא‬:‫ذ‬N-;‫و‬،+‫نא‬1‫ذ א‬5P‫و‬Yc‫א‬881

٢٧


‫ن‬M{‫
א‬h(Cp
W
F4‫א(
א‬
#F+‫}א‬Fe+‫א‬$$[H.(Z‫د‬P‫م|(نא‬$;W‫ن‬1…581Yc‫ن¬א‬2
M‫د‬PFF‫}א‬FFe+‫אא‬hFF‹‫(ن‬FF|FF‫د‬+‫א‬FFW‫א‬JFF DFF%ˆMhFF‫א‬FFG XFF‫وא‬M‫د‬PFFV‫وא‬
 K ‫ א‬2$  X‫א‬N-;5Z,œ‫‰א‬p‫א‬J _V2G‫و‬K‫د‬$9+‫א‬
n‫شوزאد‬FF+‫א‬H8FF„1FF‫و‬OFFT‫א‬nFFYZFF $FF%  XFF‫א‬FF(G
n$FF‫}א‬Z$FF‫و‬
FFYc‫وא‬K‫ن‬1F‫א‬F‹‫ض‬Fœ‫^]א‬+‫[א‬O‫زد‬:‫ذ‬N-;5Z,‫ذ‬2‫ن‬1‫א‬G

M$FFFFJFF
FF ‫ن‬1FF‫نא‬FF3‫
ن‬M
،‫و‬FF3+‫عא‬FF‫لو‬FF(W‫א‬FFGHFF O1FFc‫א‬FFG
FF’FF ‫ن‬FFeFF+‫و‬KF   1FF‫א‬FFGFFl±‫وא‬hFFˆMhFF‫وא‬FF3+‫(א‬G$FFW
'FF%FF(9

‫ل‬FFr ‫دא‬$FFZ‫و‬NFFw‫א‬OFF.e'FF LtFFZ]FF^+‫نא‬2$FF`‫و‬،O1FFc‫א‬hFFGFFG‫ن‬1FF‫א‬

 K‫ن‬1…e-(+‫א‬
NFF FF‹E¢FF‫א‬J X1FF+‫א‬D7FF‫„א‬FF‫ذאو‬2œFF‫א‬M
F XFF‫א‬FFw[O1FFc‫وא‬
9881FFZœFF‫א‬:FF-ZHFF. ،?$F ( ƒFFs581FF ‫ل‬FFr ‫א‬JFF HFFr
FF(‫ط‬FFYÅ‫?א‬WFFG‫د‬$FFK
L1F`[Fl ‫אضא‬F‫ضوא‬F+‫
وא‬nF+‫א‬9881F‫
و‬nF3-(+‫[א‬6‫א‬F3‫وא‬6‫אد‬T‫א‬
 KE١F‫ل‬.+‫א‬H8N-;O_‫[א‬O1c‫א‬G [Hl$V‫نو‬1‫א‬
]F^+‫א‬¢F ‫ذ
ن‬2$F| XF-H ]^+‫א‬J ‫ن‬1‫ ضא‬He
MhF‫وא‬F3+‫א‬NF-;
‫א‬FZ‫ن‬2$F V‫و‬K'F‫א‬V‫–و‬17-- ƒs‫ن‬1‫אœض‹א‬
O]FF^+‫–א‬1FFWFFG‫و`د‬$FF;JFF3˜FF n&FFr XFF-ً;FF| ‫ن‬FF3‫ن‬2JFF3˜
 E٢F9;¢- ‫ אز‬X‫طא‬1
$%Z‫و‬



|‫
א‬W
y5‫א(
א א‬
JFF
FF ‫ل‬PFFW‫ل‬FFWFF9-;‫ل‬PFFT‫א‬FFJ {FF+‫א‬ $91FFœFF‫א‬FF&+‫א‬WFF $PFF%‫و‬
‫ن‬2F(‫
و‬،FJ {F(-J {+‫
א‬$# †-8 ‫א‬$% H3oN-;:‫نذ‬e‫א‬،-`
 K& ‫ن‬e
،¢FF‫א‬FFG XFF‫א‬JFF  $FF‹‫א‬FFy2‫و‬،FFZ‫¬ذא‬$FW[ XFF‫א‬ $FFG<FF‫א‬FF
J {F+‫א‬F
$MhF‫ א‬XF‫†א‬F-8 M
D71F+‫א‬¢‫אو;א‬$% ‫س‬%-‫وא<و‬
MhF‫<א‬F‫א‬ F· XF‫אعא‬F

e[$`¢‫وא‬،Yc‫وعא‬$;J {(-
 K X‫
אعא‬¢ [‫م‬$$
FFGFF
FF-;$FF+‫א‬HFF\‫א‬FF|‫ و‬$FF%;FF
FFG XFF‫א‬$FF%™7PFF‫א‬PFF‫א‬
‫م‬FFF‫دًא‬$FFKًF w-8 '
$FFJ X1FF+
،¢FF-‫د‬$FF\‫†א‬FF-8+‫א‬FF‫و‬¢FF ‫}אم‬FFV‫א‬

 Kislamifn.com/basic/insurance.htm' [ ‫ل‬% ،# ‫ א‬X‫ א‬E١F

 Kislamifn.com/basic/insurance.htm' [ ‫ل‬% ،# ‫ א‬X‫ א‬E٢F

٢٨
 [ FFr+‫وא‬FF3+‫عא‬FF‫لو‬FFW[<FF‫א‬JFF;<FF eFF‫}אمא‬FF‫א‬HFF % E XFF‫א‬
$F%;[‫  `د‬J‫}אم‬V‫א‬G‫–و‬-;$+‫א‬H\‫
نא‬:h‫و‬K-;ً%& ً<Z،$%‫א‬
 KJ X1(- 1‫„א‬%%‫
م‬،O1c‫א‬J;¢‫
'א‬$ N9‫ אא‬X‫א‬
FGHF ًF(W2ً‫א‬F
F¢F-eF‫א‬F ‫}م‬-ZMh‫}אمא‬V‫
نא‬:‫ذ‬N-;‫و‬
DFo‫א‬MhF‫نא‬F  F‫א‬F HPFˆ‫و‬$F%‫دא‬F%2‫_د‬gJ X1+‫א‬-;HPˆ™|‫وא‬
‫م‬$F;‫ و‬1F NF9‫א‬¢F‫'א‬F
‫وود‬F3+‫عא‬F $F%‫א‬NF9‫אא‬F، X‫א‬L‫ א‬
 KE١F¢‫د
'א‬a2`T‫א‬


‫
ذج
א
אא‬#0
e
‫

=د}
א

א‬J٣
J٣
$Fe{ZZ$;‫وא‬°‫د‬8 ‫و‬rPž7-L*‫א‬# ‫[א'א‬H X+‫א‬
FFl
FF;FF(G
FF‹°‫د‬FF8+‫صوא‬PFF‫א‬hFFG‫و‬، XFF‫א‬OFF3
FFr
‫;و‬FFo9FF-e
F(-;‫و‬،# F‫ א‬XF‫א‬F9-;‫م‬F%‫
ن‬#Fw8œF‫א‬°‫د‬F8+‫א‬9 [H(9X H.(Z
(.1FZNFW:‫ذ‬y2931 ‫و א‬8+‫א‬H-‫وא
אعא‬+# ‫א‬%&‫لא‬r

#FFr ‫א‬FF%&‫´א‬81FF
،FFT‫א‬FF‫وא‬HFF.+‫ص‬PFF‫[א‬FFr ‫א‬$FF;‫א‬%‫א‬hFFGHFF.

 W# ‫ א‬X‫א‬9-;N8œ‫א‬°‫د‬8+‫א‬



‫
א‬W
‫
א>ول‬7=‫א‬
OvF+‫א‬F&+‫א‬$$H` O$(+‫ƒא‬+‫وא‬، X - +‫א‬ ‫א‬$G H X+‫نא‬2
O$FW‫[وאوא‬e+‫^] א‬+‫ز'א‬ZWN-;H( H.(+‫—א‬,+‫א‬L%‫žא‬7-
NF-;‫م‬F%‫ذج‬FyF ‫ع؛‬F8‫ذجא‬Fy‫ل‬FlJ 9%%N-;H(‫א‬J3˜Vw‫א‬hG‫؛و‬
 KH %+‫א‬ Y‫א‬O]^g;'p8‫
وא‬M,(-‫د‬Vibp9OP ]^+‫א‬H%
V‫و‬FFs$FF%;a2 XFF‫א‬HFFˆ:FF‫”نذ‬FF
FF9!‫وא‬FFw‫א‬JFF ‫א‬$FF% ‫د‬FF`‫و‬HFFt[‫و‬
 K:o
F‹‫د‬8ZFy2‫؛و‬Fp9OPF ]F^+‫א‬HF%NF-;‫م‬F%VeF+‫ذجא‬y‫
ن‬W[
 Ke+‫א‬Hr
N-;]^+‫א‬5d[9-;$(+‫لא‬r ‫א‬% '
—FZJF :F‫ذ‬NF-;‫
دل‬V،;FoF% 
$8  X‫א‬O‫دא‬H81ee+‫وא‬
FW$ ‫א‬MhF‫وא‬،9‫و‬hFˆ]F‚‫دل‬F8Z‫و‬L9ZF`W8-Z[<T‫&وא‬1‫[א‬o ‫א‬
F-;S‫א‬N-FrF‫لא‬FF;S‫א‬#F|Fo ‫א‬NF NF
J
،‫م‬1‫وא‬OP‫א‬-;
‫ن‬FFeFF ‫א‬FF‘FF$+ L‹FF;‫م‬FF]HFF‫
و‬،‫}و‬FFw‫א[א‬FF- 
‫ذא‬2FFoV‫نא‬2?WL-FF‫و‬
 KE٢FEL9 
‫و‬N L9
،1 $W‫وא‬2[L9 (1‫א‬Lz$W‫–وא‬z[LG$;

 Kislamifn.com/basic/insurance.htm' [ ‫ل‬% ،# ‫ א‬X‫ א‬E١F

$F9‫موא‬FY‫[א‬eF‫–א‬F W#WF‫א‬$F –FeE٢٤٨٦FLFi$WE١٨١L٣FM^8‫™א‬7r،M^8‫ א‬E٢F
Hp<FF
JFF –FF W 7PFF‫א‬Hp<FF
–FFeE٦٥٦٤FLFFi$FFWE١٧١L٧FL-1FF ™7FFrWL-1FF ،‫وض‬FF‫وא‬
 o ‫א‬

٢٩
JF;L-1F ‫و‬MF^8‫(وאא‬e;S‫א‬#|u‫א!א‬J O$8;
-
 Z‫ذא‬G‫و‬
HFF8ًFF. iFF L-FF‫و‬FF-;S‫א‬N-FFrS‫لא‬FF‫
ن‬FF(9;S‫א‬#FF|S‫א‬$FF8; JFF  FF`
Fe‫ذא‬2NFWF`^
،L9F
F
‫و‬pÆzLG‫و‬u‫א!א‬J O$8;
L9-;¬ X
،HW1‫א‬
M‫}ود‬F ‫ن‬F3
،F-e'F(_
»F!‫א‬:F‫زوאدذ‬X O$8;
 X
،‫
¶א}אد‬DY‫א‬¢8
Fz$K‫ل‬F%
،OFªV28PFJ3L-
¶
NWً- ً -‫م‬HeZ%‫ن‬3
،ª
nFW‫”ذא‬F
F78‫א‬a2F9‫א‬LzW‫
„ل‬WG$%
$`‫و‬$%W‫ل‬%
‫؟‬Oª¶wZ ‫و‬W
O$F8;F
F
LFzKF-OF;#Æ»!‫א‬:‫ ذ‬HeX
EƒwP‫א‬H8!‫א‬F–*‫א‬H.
 KE١FE(98PZL-
(9n Lz„-W
-W‫
 א‬Lz،8P
;|
J -<
FFF9Y-l‫&و‬1FF‫[א‬nFFF%&‫مא‬FF%‫אجא‬FFFl2W$FFÇ9‫وא‬WFFF`^+‫
وא‬$FFÇ9‫א‬:FFF‫ذ‬JFF ‫و‬
[F ‫א‬JF ‫א‬hG‫و‬،
‫א <ً)ز‬hG‫א <ًو‬hGHeXLz،E`^+‫א‬Fً <
N(1‫و‬
[PFF
FF%
DFF&Z$FF‫و‬،&1FF‫[א‬-FFr
‫
ن‬#FFFF9*MhFF‫وא‬WFF_WJFF ‫لא‬FF#FFo
 KE٢F?oV‫א‬H
 ‫و‬،<T‫א‬
‫ن‬FF;‫א‬hFF‫ع؛و‬FF8‫א‬FF‫و‬،eFF+‫
א‬$FF8 $G‫א‬FF‫א‬hFFGJFF FF›(-;LFF9
$FF‫و‬
(1FFe‫و‬،‫وאوض‬$Ç9‫وא‬،‫م‬Y‫[א‬e‫? –א‬W% i$T‫אא‬h‹M^8‫א‬
 KE٣FًX $Ç9‫(ن[א‬-1+‫~א‬+،<8<8‫لوزن)ز

و‬3
‫א‬ZXF
٥‫א‬F%-
‫مو‬F%‫&„
زوאدא‬l?WK;S‫א‬#|–(-i$W<
:‫ذ‬J ‫و‬
،‫و‬vlXF
F(;L9F%-
،LF‹‫ذن‬XF
KL9F- 2FÅ[–L-F‫و‬FNF-;‫و‬-;S‫א‬N-r–‫א‬
W‫ل‬F%
–L-F‫و‬N-;‫و‬-;S‫א‬N-r–‫א‬N-;Hl$
KL3- 2$ Le›%  W‫ل‬%

‫ن‬ZXF‫س‬F‫د[א‬WL-‫و‬N-;‫و‬-;S‫א‬N-r–S‫للא‬%
KL9- 2$ LG›% 
S‫א‬N-Fr–S‫لא‬F‫م‬F%
K'FY‫א‬:F‫ذ‬NF-;-`‫و‬،Y:h´18
،LG‫
زوאد‬H<&
LFzK‫א‬Fs
NFW‫س‬F‫א‬N.WF
L9;‫و‬XF LG;‫د‬Lz،-;— ‫;و‬$
L-‫و‬N-;‫و‬-;
 KE٤F?S‫لא‬#
‫و‬S‫א‬V22V‫
ن‬$9o
?W
S‫للא‬
F(*  <FZ،eF+‫א‬F ]F^+‫'א‬F‫
ز‬e+‫א‬%Z$G‫א‬oh9

،FF8`‫אא‬nFF%&‫وא‬OFFe}eFF$8Z‫د‬FF X JFF3FF XZeFF FF9
œFF‫א‬FF‫א‬
 Kn$‫وא‬

$F9‫موא‬FY‫[א‬eF‫–א‬F W#WF‫א‬$F –FeE٢٤٨٣FLFi$FWE١٨٠L٣FMF^8‫™א‬7r،M^8‫א‬ E١F

 ‫وאوض‬
 e‫–א‬eE١٢٩L٥FM8‫
™א‬W_WJ ‫א‬ E٢F
 ‫وאوض‬$9‫موא‬Y‫[א‬e‫ –א‬W#W‫א‬$ –eE١٨٠L٣FM^8‫™א‬7r،M^8‫א‬ E٣F
$F9‫موא‬FY‫[א‬eF‫–א‬F W#WF‫א‬$F –FeE٢٤٨٤FLFi$FWE١٨٠L٣FMF^8‫™א‬7r،M^8‫א‬ E٤F
 K‫وאوض‬

٣٠



%‫
אو‬W
4‫
א‬7=‫א‬
'FF - FF+‫א‬LGFF& ‫ض‬FFZ™FF|ZOFF8;KE١F?M,FFZV‫عو‬FF8ZFF $l XF ‫نא‬2?
F(‫א‬F*،'F FG8; F-(‫א‬a2M_‫ א‬X‫*א‬Mh‫א„א‬#&
‫ ؛‬X‫א‬
O$F;NF-; XF‫א‬ ‫א‬F]
#FHF. ‫ذجא‬F(‫א‬e+‫ذجא‬y‫و‬،‫ون‬Z8; 2
 K‫ل‬$‫א‬
FFGL9(9FFX ‫س‬FF‫א‬JFF FF;‘—‫א‬,FFo‫א‬JF #F  ‫א‬$PFF%‫نא‬FF3FFW#FF&

‫א‬e,F‫
ن‬hF£W‫ز‬Fm”
L9 Hen‫م 
ƒ|وא‬%‫وא‬H
3‫אونوא‬¢K
‫ذא‬2‫و‬1F ƒFsL9FX ‫
و‬$FÇ9‫א‬F2[F(e:F‫ذ‬L9F H3
‫א‬Z‫ذא‬2‫و‬1 L9X
i$FW‫و‬FoV‫א‬i$FW[F(e،F(GÅ‫&
و‬1F‫
وא‬F;§‫א‬ ‫و‬F*:‫~א
ذ‬
F+‫א‬.$FT‫[א‬F(e-;‫ن‬-Pˆ(
1‫زא‬mnVT‫
א‬e[‫و‬،O$8;N

 KE٢F$Ç9‫([א‬e:‫[ذ‬n‫
وא&و‬،ً&(92
‫ذ‬2،‫ع‬F ‫عو‬vFZF93F&HF |‫و‬+‫א‬N-; X‫مא‬%&„1e+

‫ ن‬$F%LF9
،LF‹O‫د‬PF%+‫
'א‬+‫א‬e‫‹א‬lJ ‫دل‬8|‫و‬+‫א‬J ‫ع‬e+‫א‬
FF9
‫ز‬FF`‫ع‬FF8‫א‬FF]2‫ج‬FFlLFFZ„FFeFF+FF93،9FF- % NFF-;‫ن‬-PFFˆ‫و‬neFF
F&'F(!‫مא‬$F%‫ط
ن‬,
،#`‫א‬H ‫א‬n‫ذא‬L$%Z‫אط‬,o‫مא‬$;‫و‬H ‫؛‬n‫א&و‬
—F'F(!‫א‬JF3،$FW‫و‬H(‫مא‬$%J L9 ‫و‬،‫ل‬+‫م
سא‬$%J L9(
،H ‫א‬
„1F(G1F+‫
نא‬O$F8;NF
i$FW‫و‬oV‫א‬i$W#&
،$p‫مאא‬1 -(!‫[א‬
‫و‬1FF L9FF 
$FF9Ç ‫[א‬FF
،FFl±‫'א‬FF ٍ‫و‬1FF L9FF HFFeFF-;HPFFWMhFF‫ووא‬1FF
 KE٣F¢ ' < n‫&و‬L9 He-;HPˆMh‫وא‬
 K‫ ع‬Veo(1#GH ‫؛‬n ‫(;[א‬+‫دא‬8+‫אدא‬+‫א‬-

 FFFZeFFF+‫ذجא‬FFFyFFF]2[# FFF‫ א‬XFFF‫ذجوא‬FFF(‫א‬:FFF-ZFFF  FFF‫وא‬
„FFF&Z[—FF‫א‬$PFFF% ً<FFF
FFF
'FFF(_‫א‬XFFF#‫د‬FFF8‫א‬#‫و‬FFF‫ א‬XFFF
،LFFF*;
F L9FX 'F(!‫مא‬92D]J;L9Z‫|وא‬L‹D%ˆg‫א
אد‬5PZœ‫א‬Yl ‫א‬
 KE٤FL9 HehlX ‫و‬NY  1Z
-
،L9 He9‫{د‬
V2‫ل‬F+‫لא‬hF8VF%z‫א‬HF W‫
ن‬:F‫ و|؛ذ‬e+‫ذجא‬y]2[ X

$FFœFF‫]א‬FF^+‫„א‬F& ‫وق‬$PFF‫ل[א‬FF+‫عא‬FF(`‫א‬JFF FF&FF-. ƒFFs‫ل‬hFF8‫ط
ن‬FF

،#F.‫א‬# ‫א‬N%-+‫א‬، X‫א‬Dpz‫و‬N-;D8Y ‰+‫א‬Yz$71 n_Z‫א‬,‫א‬،E٢٠٠٣F‫د‬،$(K E١F

 K١٢٨،W‫و‬$‫א‬،n$7‫א&صوא‬# ‫א‬J]‫[א‬D1‫א‬
 K٥‫—ج‬8-(-‫;א‬+‫א‬J(|١٣٧،# ‫א‬%&‫א‬9`‫و‬J  X‫א‬$%;،$(K،#`-8‫א‬ E٢F
‫}אم‬F‫لא‬FlJF  XF‫א‬JF;ً$F FF‫لא‬FlJF #-
F3‫ א‬XF‫مא‬F*،E٢٠٠٨F1F‫א‬$F8;،O$Fs
 E٣F
،„F3‫א‬F‫دو‬، F‫و‬¥F ‫א‬F ‫وא‬F(-# F‫א‬:F8‫א‬،5$F‫وא‬6F78-# F‫א‬$9+‫א‬،E‫ع‬v‫א‬
 K٤‫ص‬،}g+‫[א! א א‬n$%;O‫و‬$
 K٤،E‫ع‬v‫لא}אمא‬lJ  X‫א‬J;ً$ F‫لא‬lJ #-
3‫ א‬X‫*مא‬،E٢٠٠٨FO$s
 E٤F

٣١
‫א‬hFG‫و‬،ƒFs‫ل‬F F& ‫ط‬,FHF F F& ¢F ¶.1FV‫ط‬F‫אא‬h9 9
،L9%7-Z
JFF FF-’VnF;v‫دא‬FF%  XFF‫قא‬FT2‫< ًو‬FFKًF;vZFFeJFF;$F%‫جא‬FF’‫ط‬F‫א‬
‫م‬F%+‫[א‬F9R‫و‬1F&'F& XF‫א‬$F%;[Fl$ `J {+‫ذא‬2‫؛‬1‫א‬J #o
$Fe{¦‫و‬،F‫د‬P% ƒs9
،8‫א‬H8N-;#ZXgƒs‫وא&ع‬،ƒl ‫א ولوא‬
 ،E١F‫א |א؛‬J (T‫א‬G X‫א‬$%;N-;i;8‫
نא‬:‫ذ‬
K$F%‫א‬HFrXZ[8F-‫א‬a2‫
د‬F FG‫ع‬vF‫مא‬F9& ‫ونو‬F‫مא‬9&  ´-c‫نא‬2
 E٢FW‫ع‬vZ$%;‫و‬،#eZ‫ون‬Z$%;G#‫ אو‬X

F‫”نא‬F
‫ ؛‬XF‫א‬:‫ذ‬J ‫و‬،$%‫ ][א‬W+‫א‬N-;¶8 |‫و‬+‫א‬$%;‫
ن‬ E١
„PF%F(-e،WF+‫א‬N-;(p|‫; و‬Dpz‫א‬-R‫ و‬X‫א‬eo
،eF‫א‬Fb$F}ZLFzJ ‫ و‬X‫א‬¢p
‫زאد‬Dpz‫א‬-(T;
$+‫א‬n<‫א‬
Ke‫א‬b„P%n<‫א‬n‫(زאد‬-e3 3‫وא‬
ً F;F ‫ع‬vF+‫نא‬F3$F‫و‬،‫ض‬F;ƒFw ‫ل‬+‫لא‬h8‫ع‬v+‫ذא‬2‫؛‬¢K‫م‬s‫ع‬v‫א‬$%; E٢
‫([א‬e& ‫ن‬3$‫و‬،GÅ‫و‬$P‫وא‬r‫وא‬8‹‫([אوא‬e
 KJ1T‫ضא‬%‫وא‬
،‫م‬Fw‫وא‬LFw‫א—[א‬,Fo.eXF
PF^oF ‫ع‬F(`‫א‬F9
#‫و‬F‫א‬$%‫و
א‬
HFF-%Z‫ض‬FFw ‫ن‬FF3$FF‫و‬،‫د‬FF%‫א‬neFo[FF(e™ FF‫ضא‬FFw —‫א‬,FFoV‫نא‬FF3$F‫و‬
 KE٣F%&‫[א‬%
‫([א`(عא‬en
‫و‬P+‫א‬
FFF|‫&و‬+‫א‬eFFFo[FFFw‫א‬FFF&s‫א‬NFFF-;;FFF‫א‬$FFF;‫א‬%‫صوא‬PFFF‫„א‬FFF‫”ذאد‬FFF

،#‫و‬FZ$F%;9 ًe‫ '
ن‬Q#‫ אو‬X‫א‬9-;‫س‬%
%&‫[א‬%
‫وא`(عא‬
 XFF‫قא‬FFT2‫و‬،‫ع‬FF8‫ذجא‬FFyFF]2[nFF|‫و‬+‫دא‬FF%;[FF;#FF9‫ودא‬FFy2FFw‫وא‬
 KE٤Fn;v‫دא‬% T2J a‫
و‬ne #-
3‫א‬



C4‫
א‬W
F4‫
א‬7=‫א‬
FG‫و‬# ‫ א‬X‫ 'א‬- +‫א‬He-;$(Mh‫نא سא‬£(]‫وא‬%.‫א‬
[‫א‬F# F‫א‬F3&‫א‬LF3F-; F2F(FGMhF‫؛وא‬HF
3‫
א‬$F8+ ‫אد‬$ ‫א‬
،FF;(`V‫א‬nFF‫قوא‬FFlV‫א‬NFF-;:FF‫ذ‬PFF%V‫و‬،1FF‫دوא‬PFFV‫'
وא‬FF‫א‬
FFF OFFFl‫ {א‬+‫א‬FFF‫  א‬FFF‫א‬FFF$+‫א‬FFF9*a‫א و‬FFF*7-‫א‬hFFF FFFz„1FFF3‫
א‬$FFF8

،5$F‫وא‬6F78-# F‫א‬$F9+‫א‬،#-
F3‫ א‬XF‫وא‬F‫א‬# * % ،E٢٠٠٨F،#-8‫א‬ E١F

FF+‫ א‬FF‫א‬FF !‫[א‬n$FF%;O‫و‬$FF،„FF3‫א‬FF‫دو‬، FF‫و‬¥FF ‫א‬FF ‫وא‬FF(-# FF‫א‬:FF8‫א‬
 K٦‫ص‬،}g
 K٧،#-
3‫ א‬X‫אوא‬# * % ،E٢٠٠٨F#-8‫א‬ E٢F
 K٧،#-
3‫ א‬X‫אوא‬# * % ،E٢٠٠٨F#-8‫א‬ E٣F
 K٨،#-
3‫ א‬X‫אوא‬# * % ،E٢٠٠٨F#-8‫א‬ E٤F

٣٢
]F^+‫'א‬F‫  ز‬XF‫א‬ $G3g‫و‬،H
3-#. D8YZ[P ‫وא‬J`9+‫א‬
JF O‫د‬$F r‫و‬$r% D%ˆ XZ‫ل‬.+‫אא‬hG[G‫و‬،‫ א‬e+‫‘'א‬N-;
W#F&t‫ و‬XZ‫و‬،‫م‬Y‫زلوא‬+‫א‬L9 1 W#-p‫א‬#;(`V‫א‬W XZW X‫אضא‬s

 KKK;‫א ضא}א‬G‫و‬L9$‫د‬PV‫[א‬#1p‫א‬#`‫א‬H ‫א‬L9 1

FF¦:FF‫[ذ‬FF9W_ FF%.‫א‬DFF%‫ل‬FFWV2FF-;‫ ن‬$FF%V XFF‫'א‬FF ‫ن‬- FF+

‫אد‬F
‫א‬DF.‫
ن‬$F V‫ن‬F£(]V‫א‬D%N1#3‫و‬،e+‫א‬H
3Z%%W3
‫אد‬F
‫א‬JF ƒ.eL_ˆ$%
%.‫א‬$`Z~‫ذא‬2‫و‬،L9
‫א‬$G
D%N-;ne‫א‬O$[
NFF-;O‫د‬FFneFF‫
نא‬JFF $FFeX‫א‬NFF-;L9Z$FF‫م‬$FF;581FF  XFF‫א‬JFF;n1FF{+‫وא‬
V2F%.‫א‬hFG#ZXFZV‫و‬K8pFo9 FZV;‫و‬F 5X ‫&و‬3  XZn $lL$%Z
 W‫ل‬lJ
FFX‫ل‬FF+‫
سא‬JFF FF3-+‫قא‬FF%WFF-RFF $%FF FFG‫ل؛و‬FF+‫
سא‬FF&e E١
eFoF*&KJF }F!‫אא‬hFG‫و‬$Fwib،L9 ‫א‬H3ohlX‫ و‬X‫א‬eo
، X1FF+‫א‬JFF eFF‫א‬FF%.‫א‬FF eFF+‫ذجא‬yFF]2[# FF‫ א‬XFF‫א‬
HF8%‫
و‬، XFZeo' ;[‫ل‬l$‫א‬N-;$W
‫م‬$%J‫ذ‬2‫؛‬J$&1+‫א‬J ‫و‬
eF‫}א‬e ‫ن‬e ‫ذא‬2‫؛‬581+‫א‬8Y ‫و‬،¢ 98Yg‫م‬%‫ن‬X
K%. #WV#+‫א‬
DpFFz‫א‬FF-R ‫א‬$FFG
DFF%NFF-;neFF‫א‬O$FFNFF-;J£FF(YZnFF - L$FF%Z E٢
MFF nF -+‫א‬:F-Z‫د‬PF LFG
JF ‫و‬KF9 - F+‫وא‬3-+‫قא‬%W–7r

KE١Fne-(p 8Kƒ+ً%
‫و‬G‫אد‬$;2Lœ‫א‬+‫א‬%‫א‬-;

n‫دאא‬2NF-;5m‫ق‬1‫אא‬hG[‫؛و‬e‫אو|'א‬$#+‫א‬H&‫ذجא‬yD8YZ E٣
#F+‫'א‬F|‫א‬HF-7 ‫م‬F%‫א‬NF-;M‫دو‬H3F HF(Z‫
ن‬# ‫ א‬X‫א‬neo
‫ص‬PF·F%ZL$F%Z‫و‬،#F+‫א‬H&‫'א‬Z‫ذج‬y‫ل‬lJ 9Z‫(א‬.‫وא‬e-
FF`T‫א‬$FF ‫ل‬FFW#FF%%WFFo{ :FF‫نذ‬FF3#FFe;FF‫א‬FF ‫א‬nFF£‹:FF‫ذ‬
F+‫ذجא‬F(‫א‬JF ‫و‬،&PF-F‫{د‬+‫א‬O1Fc‫]א‬F‚$F|‫ط‬Fn‫אא‬F`‫šذא‬V
1968 ‫ن‬FF(-
‫ذج‬FFyEZ –SCOREF‫ذج‬FFyFFG‫א;(د‬iFFW8‫א‬FFœFF‫א‬
ALTTMAN
 Z = (1.2X1) + (1.4X2) + (3.3X3) + (0.6X4) + (0.999X5)
  JW‫
ن‬iW
‫א(א‬o{ ZZ

، ‫ א‬X‫א‬ne+‫א‬Lp‫א‬%‫אم[א‬uP
‫אضوא‬،E١٢FL+‫א‬،`‫א‬+‫وא‬8\‫א‬£G E١F

 K

٣٣
  E‫ط‬81F ‫ل‬r ‫)(عא‬DH ‫لא‬+‫[
سא‬rZX1
 Eu  ‫ ز'א‬O‫אدא‬j’F ‫ل‬r ‫)(عא‬D}_\‫א‬u  ‫א‬$rZX2
 Eb81F ‫ل‬r ‫)(عא‬D5p‫وא<א‬$p‫א&א‬H8Hw‫ ™א‬ZX3
 KE# '
‫و‬p 81Fn -Y+‫)(عא‬D(G1+‫قא‬%T1‫(א‬%‫א‬ZX4
 E‫ط‬81F ‫ل‬r ‫)(عא‬Dn8+‫א‬Z X5
1FFF ‫
و‬FFF`$FFF8ZnFFF£
FFFzza2neFFF‫א‬L1FFF%Z‫ذج‬FFF(‫אא‬hFFFG5FFF`g‫و‬
 ٢{٩٩G$EzF'YY%5`g‫و‬9‫א(א‬
 K٢{٩٩<EzF„e‫ذא‬2:‫א(אوذ‬N-;O‫د‬%‫
وא‬7`‫א‬ne‫א‬£
K١
K١{٨١>EzF„e‫ذא‬2:‫وذ‬9
2H(ˆœ‫
وא‬-o&‫א‬ne‫א‬£
K٢
-PFF&ZFF‫א‬$'<FFš#FF ‫و‬#FF+‫א‬9&FFr‫و‬$FF$5PFFœFF‫א‬neFF‫א‬FF£
K٣
K٢{٩٩>EzF<١{٨١W‫ن‬3Z $;:‫وذ‬
{FFF8‫א‬NFFF-;$FFNFFFY;‫א‬FF;
‫ذج‬FFF(‫אمא‬$^FFF‫
نא‬FF%8Y‫א‬nFFF‫א‬$‫„א‬FF8z

JFF FFHFF8٪٥٨81FF ‫سو‬FF
‫א‬DFF%JFF FFHFF8٪٨٢81FF ‫س‬FF
‫א‬6‫אد‬FFb

 Ke‫
سא‬2D%
HF-7‫א‬W XF‫א‬eFo'F - F+‫א‬$F;F%.‫א‬L;$ZH8[:heJ3˜‫و‬
$FrNF-;HF-7‫א‬JF #m$F‫لא‬F%‫א‬H-7‫אא‬h9 ‫د‬P%+‫وא‬،e‫א‬1 N-;
eF‫א‬1F NF-;HF-7‫א‬Lz‫ع‬Y%‫א‬1 N-;H-7‫א‬a2e Y\‫א‬£8‫א‬
 Wr‫א‬hG $% [‫و‬e- ‫א‬r‫א‬L%ZM
91&
 e-#1
‫}א‬e+‫
وא‬1‫א‬PT‫ 
א‬E١
e‫وא<[א‬O%‫א‬J]‫ א‬E٢
e-+‫א‬O+‫وא‬#+‫}א‬e+‫א‬O$ E٣
K%1‫א`وא‬n3 ‫ א‬E٤
9p&e$ ‫و‬O‫ ;אدא‬E٥
e‫א‬n_ ; E٦
Gƒs‫و‬-l‫א‬$‫وא א‬8\‫א‬9(*
; E٧
$FFg‫ن‬FF3ZFF $FF% FF‫}א‬+‫א
א‬FFZ[„1FFOvFF‫نא‬XFF žFFW‫
ن‬5FFmFFG‫و‬
JF :F‫ذ‬F9*‫و‬F‫}א‬+‫א‬hFGJF O‫&د‬F‫א‬iFWJ 
 Hp‫
وא;(دو‬O‫&د‬V‫א‬
 K91&e‫_א‬Z‫א‬,‫لא‬l

٣٤
;FF‫ƒא‬FF+ ‫م‬FF(GV‫א‬FF%.‫}א‬FF}Z5FF
JFF ‫؛و‬8FF\‫;وא‬FF‫ƒא‬FF+‫ א‬K٤
:hFF
،uPFF
‫ƒא‬FF (FFV# FF‫ א‬XFF‫א‬nFF-(FF(eT‫א‬8FF\‫وא‬
FF‹žFF&ˆ‫و‬،FF9Z Z‫א‬$PFF ‫و‬، F‫א‬FF+‫א‬n1FF{+‫א‬FFr
NFF-;ž
Fˆ
JFFF O‫&د‬FFFV FF‹™(1FFFFF‫و‬+‫א‬JFF FFF‫אوא‬$FFFFF9Y‫و‬،9%FFF‫وא‬FF9G
K;‫אא‬$P+‫א‬n8-Yg#&Z„ ‫ دא‬$-%‫א‬+‫;א‬P‫א‬n_
LF%‫א‬NF-;F n]9wr‫و‬9Z1{ ‫^]و‬+‫א‬O‫دא‬2n‫
ن
دوא‬-3+‫
نא‬:‫ذ‬
NF-;F ‫ن}א‬Fe:h،1+‫(وא‬%‫وא‬w‫א‬H.  ‫א‬L%‫ض 'א‬Zœ‫ א‬w‫א‬
 KE١FG$r% ‫ 'אא و‬D
‫א‬Z‫ 
ن‬X‫^]وא‬+‫א‬O‫دא‬2n‫
دوא‬
nFF!g$FF8‫ א‬FF‫א‬FF+‫א‬n1FF{(-8FF\‫ƒא‬FF+‫א‬FF£G„1FFW
$FF‫و‬
 W:‫ذ‬J ‫و‬، ‫א‬h‹
L~‫زو‬Z% ¶ XZ¢p
M
! 
J;uP
‫א‬5m١١L٣
 KE٢FE١٦LO%&‫א‬FKDpz‫א‬-R¢ ‫
و‬HeJ (-1Z
&PZ$;‫ز‬ZL~Mh‫ ¶א‬X‫א‬¢p&‫لא‬À J;uP
‫א‬5m١٢L٣
 KE٣FE١٧LO%&‫א‬FKe‫א‬



‫
אج‬W
y5‫
א א‬7=‫א‬
‫ج‬FF‫א‬JFF ‫د‬PFF‫ج[א‬FF‫نא‬XFFeeFF+‫ذجא‬FFyFF]2[ XFF‫א‬HFF%‫א‬
 $91FFMhFF‫א‬M‫د‬PFF‫جא‬FF‫א‬a2،´FF%
‫د‬FF&‫א‬FF`WFF8-Z $91FFMhFF‫א‬#FF8Y‫א‬
،F;+‫وא‬F&-^+‫א‬L9ZF`TF8-ZƒFsF_F 'F ‫د‬F&‫א‬F_F ‫د‬8 M
،‫د‬8+‫א‬
JF :hFeHF%‫א‬،‫ج‬F2‫د‬PF‫א‬FX L1F+‫א‬# F‫دא‬PFV‫
*(א‬$WXe X‫وא‬
JF
‫و‬،‫م‬F]JF ‫<و‬F‫א‬FZ`W‫
ƒא‬FZ‫א&دو‬R $91Mh‫א‬#8Y‫ א‬X‫א‬
 PF ‫و‬،$‫‹
*(א‬ <KK$9‫وא‬o ‫א‬W$G‫א‬oJ D8g-.( OW‫و‬،
:F-ZF-;„F F+‫א‬$1F PF;[FYZ X‫א‬J3،#8] XZ9-3
Oe}‫א‬
‫ذج‬FFy‫س‬FF
NFF-;#‫د‬FF8‫ א‬XFF‫א‬a2FF%.‫وא‬FF|‫و‬+‫وא‬eFF+‫א‬°‫د‬FF8 JFF $G‫א‬FF‫א‬
 Ke+‫א‬
‫د‬PFDF%ˆF”
،LF‹J {F(-81F  ‫א‬$FG ‫א‬hFGD%ˆ X‫نא‬e‫ذא‬2‫و‬
NFFF-;HFFF(‫אل
و‬FF ‫›وسא‬JFFF3ZNFF-;$;1FFFFF9
،FFF3“ZVvFFe
O$FFFp
# FF%‫א‬

:F-+‫א‬F `F-)،‫؟‬MFd‫
م‬#‫و‬FZ XFZ5Fe+‫א‬# F‫ א‬XF‫א‬HFG،E٢٠٠٩FLWF‫א‬$F8;،#Z;1F‫ א‬E١F
 K١٨٢،٢‫ع‬٢٢‫م‬،# ‫دא‬PV‫א‬W}}‫א‬$8;
neFFo[}FF_‫
وא‬¢pFF&‫'א‬FF‫ز‬Z‫و‬$FF$FF
JFF;uPFF
‫א‬،E١٣FLFFFF+‫א‬،FF`‫א‬+‫وא‬8FF\‫א‬FF£G E٢F
 K، ‫ א‬X‫א‬
neFFo[}FF_‫
وא‬¢pFF&‫'א‬FF‫ز‬Z‫و‬$FF$FF
JFF;uPFF
‫א‬،E١٣FLFFFF+‫א‬،FF`‫א‬+‫وא‬8FF\‫א‬FF£G E٣F
 K، ‫ א‬X‫א‬

٣٥
—9FO$F+‫א‬-£<F‫אلא‬F ‫א‬JF Oƒ8Fe†F8 ‫אول‬$‫قא‬J j˜9
،9p2
6‫د‬FT‫א‬LG8Fr
JF+¢F‫א‬H8FNF-;‫ل‬F ‫„
س‬78Fr
$‫و‬2G$Lz5w‫[א‬
n;‫و‬+‫א‬J $$‫[א‬G(.‫ 
وא‬X‫;(لא‬¥#]WeG$r‫ 
و‬J {+‫א‬
 KE١F# %‫دא‬Pًo‫א‬D%œ‫א‬
FF HFF-%‫_א‬Z‫א‬,FF‫دא‬FF(;‫ א‬FF‫א‬neFFoNFF-;#FFw8eFF+‫ذجא‬FFy[‫و‬
،FF -Y+‫&א‬+‫لא‬P2N-;H(‫א‬y2‫و‬،$&1(-M$%‫א‬¢‫א‬L$%ZJ J3

‫د‬PFFFV‫[א‬#FFF%%T‫جא‬FFF‫א‬nFFFeKLFFFG
$FFFW
 XFFF‫א‬neFFFoHFFFdOPFFF ‫و‬
'
FF+‫مא‬$FF%ZœFF‫א‬n1FF{+‫[א‬FF-;
51FF eFF+‫
وא‬،—FF ‫لא‬FFlJFF # FF‫א‬
‫אل‬F ‫'א‬F|‫
وو‬MF_‫א‬HF(‫א‬W X‫א‬neu(1‫زא‬mV‫و‬K X‫[א‬O‫د‬P%+‫א‬
 K ‫א‬ P+‫
[א‬P 'p‫دא‬e
F
HF(ZMhF‫ ¶א‬XF‫عא‬Y%‫مא‬$š X‫א‬neon‫(א‬.‫نא‬3Z‫
ن‬5m
Fr‫و‬uFr2nFo‫—و‬F ‫ א‬XF‫א‬neFoNF-;#w8Wn‫א‬1‫عא‬Y[.(
،
 K- 3 ur2‫ودو‬nYK:-ª:‫ذ‬J ‫و‬،n‫}א‬9_‫א‬6$WX O}9)‫و‬- 3
neFFo‫وو‬،n$FFr‫و‬n&FF1 [Oz{FF 51FF:FF-ªWFFY‫عא‬FFY%‫و[א‬
 ‫
دو‬
 ‫אس‬$ ‫و‬n `[Oz{ 51:-ªW#(-‫عא‬Y%‫و[א‬
NFF-;O‫د‬FF%‫א‬n1FF{+‫ —א‬FF M‫د‬FF+‫א‬¢FF‫א‬L$FF%ZNFF-;HFF(‫א‬،-PFF\‫و[א‬
‫ق‬1FFF‫א‬FFF
–1FFFW FFF $c‫א‬M‫}ود‬FFF 'FFF nFFF&Z‫'א‬FFFZ‫
و‬،FFF -Y+‫א‬FFF&+‫جא‬FFF‫א‬
 KHw‫א‬-eN-;b51‫
و‬،%%T‫א‬


‫
ذج
א
אא‬:;/
D)C‫)~
א

א
א‬-]

J٤
J٣
JFF ‫و‬،FFZ3
 ;FFoJFF # FF‫א‬#FF+‫مא‬FF*‫[א‬PFFpPl XFF‫א‬$(1FF
 W#‫א‬7‫א‬N-;9(G
‫ ن‬J3˜œ‫وא‬،# ‫صא'א‬P‫و‬$;‫א‬



‫
^

^و‬Wt‫(
א>و‬B"‫א‬
$FF;MhFF‫وא‬،‫ون‬FF-FF%%7 eFF+‫ذجא‬FFyFF]2[# FF‫ א‬XFF‫زא‬FF˜
a2 $FF9‫و‬،# FF‫'א‬FF‫א‬FF(*
LFF3FF-;FF(*ZO$FF;# FF‫'א‬FF‫א‬
‫אد‬F
‫—א‬-F[F9%%NF-;# F‫'א‬F‫א‬HF(FK(‫
ون‬،G‫د‬m2
:FF‫ذ‬HFFeKKKn$¬ F ‫وא‬،FF8`‫אא‬FF%&‫وא‬،OFFe}‫مא‬FF*‫ل‬FFlJFF :FF‫ذ‬FF9*،FF ‫وא‬

n1F{+‫وא‬ PF(-'F ‫אא‬ª{F+‫א‬، F‫ א‬X‫א‬neo[¶ X‫א‬¢p&‫א‬،E٢٠٠٩F$R

،‫غ‬8P‫ א‬E١F
 K٢،D ‫د‬، ‫א‬+‫א‬

٣٦
 L̄FFÇz¯ ‫א‬NFF²-;® ْ‫ ®و“א‬FF®Z® ²V‫® ®و‬FFْ%Î ‫و®א‬ÏvFFْ‫א‬NFF²-;® ْ‫ ®و“א‬FF®Z® ‫} ®و‬WaFFZ‫و‬78FFFFJFF FFY‫א‬
 O$p+‫א‬OE٢F{– • ²%• ْ ‫“א‬$•$o
® ®-Ð‫א‬Î‫ن‬2̄®-Ð‫אْא‬Ñ%ZÎ ‫و®א̄نو®א‬$Ç “ ْ ‫و®א‬
DF%[;(!‫א‬N-;‫;(د‬V We+‫א‬N-;Lp%‫ א‬X‫אون[א‬N-_‫و‬
 K‫א&د‬R
'FF(§‫אدא‬FF

FF ‫ون‬FF‫وא‬HFF
3‫א‬V2„1FF XFF‫[א‬FF 3‫א‬OFF3&‫نא‬2
FF+‫א‬n‫א‬FFY‫'א‬FF L_1FF FFiFFW‫م‬FF*L(PFF FF(* FF%Y FF8ZZ‫و‬FF%ZMFFm
:FF-ZL<FF 9 FF ]FF^+‫ن‬FF|‫س‬FF‫א‬JFF FF;()‫م‬FF%‫ن‬2FFrl‫و‬K‫د‬PFFV‫وא‬
#F&3F $Fr[—‫א‬,FoV‫وא‬EPFP^ eFoDF]JF;F¢8‫א‬9< a2]^+‫א‬
œF‫]א‬F^+‫א‬F8]JF ‫ن‬Fe+‫و‬K O,
‫ل‬l‫و‬3+‫א‬-;'%J ¢‫ل‬+‫א‬J
‫د‬F
HFe'F
‫د‬Fr،HF3‫א‬NF-;F‫´و‬F%
¢8F‫א‬NF-;‫و‬3+‫'א‬%‫ن‬2 X‫א‬9Yw
 KE١F9-;D&+‫א‬O$+‫لא‬l‫و‬3+‫א‬:h‫ض‬Mh‫א‬¢8‫א‬¢ً
eً‫ƒא‬wrw-8
'F(!e,+‫&א‬P
،Yl ‫&א‬-3ZH([e+‫لא‬lJ :‫ذ‬L‫و‬
JhF‫א‬LFG X1F+‫عא‬F()‫
ن‬#GYl ‫&א‬-3ZH([e+‫א‬N-;8+‫†א‬P‫א‬
L9F $W‫وא‬MX Hœ‫א‬Yl ‫א‬H(N-;‫
ون‬J X1 HeN-; X ‫ ن‬%
œFF‫א‬FF;(`V‫دوא‬PFFV‫א‬FFb‫א‬FFy2‫و‬،FF_‫א‬E٢FFFb‫א‬DFF%a2‫
ن‬$FF9V‫و‬
 K˜3‫א‬OT‫
אدא§('א‬H&3Z



‫(س
وאدא‬C‫;(
א{=€
وא‬5E
W
(4‫(
א‬B"‫א‬
n&FFr‫א‬+'<FF’eFF+‫ذجא‬FFyFF]2[FF3،FF‫و‬Z‫ن‬FFe‫ن‬2‫ و‬XFF‫نא‬2
‫ز‬F˜‫א‬hF‫د؛و‬F%-O$1F&+‫א‬9!‫وא‬w‫א‬#&–` r‫א‬# ‫[א'א‬$%‫א‬
:F‫ذ‬v‫دون
ن‬،$r% ‫אعو‬n8`‫وא‬D%ˆ¦‫س‬%‫´وא‬8<‫א‬3 ”  X‫א‬
F%W‫و‬eF+‫א‬$F%;n<% ‫ذ‬2‫ع؛‬v ‫}אم‬V‫ذجא‬y[‫ل‬T‫(א‬e-3o‫دא‬
D71FFFF ‫ذ‬2‫؛‬FF%%W
<FF FF(a2-3FFo‫ن‬FFeFF HFF7 FF-&eFFZ ‫وא}א‬
 X1  FF+‫א‬JFFF FFF $%+‫جא‬FFF‫א‬HFFF ‫;א‬FFF eFFF ‫
و‬JFFF;‰ZFFF‫ذج‬FFF(‫אא‬hFFFG5FFF`g
FFw‫א‬WFF;#FF&ZFF
$FF;‫وא‬FF
DFF
‫و‬9FFJFF3˜eFF+‫א‬hFFG‫و‬، {FF+‫وא‬
LF* J {F+‫مא‬F% :F‫وذ‬KF8 VeFoLF9 F ‫א‬:F‫ذ‬HF8‫و‬،(%‫وא‬9!‫وא‬
‫א‬FFDFF
‫و‬FFr%+‫אא‬FF`2‫ و‬X1FF+‫א‬FF‹‫ض‬FFœFF‫]א‬FF^+‫'א‬FF(_ ‫ون‬FFZFF-(;
NF-;MFYF ‫د‬F%‫א‬#F8eFF L*F ‫وع‬F  XF‫א‬F8; :‫وذ‬،PW‫א‬
 KJ {+‫
א‬$Mh‫´א‬1%‫א‬$$‫و‬r%+‫`אא‬2‫^]و‬+‫('א‬da2 $9Z
-(;

 Kislamifn.com/basic/insurance.htm' [ ‫ل‬% ،# ‫ א‬X‫ א‬E١F

 K١٨٧،‫؟‬Md‫
م‬#‫و‬Z XZ5e+‫א‬# ‫ א‬X‫א‬HG،E٢٠٠٩FLW‫א‬$8;،#Z;1‫ א‬E٢F

٣٧
 ‫}م‬F-‫و‬J {+‫*(א‬Mh‫

א‬N-;Lp%‫א‬L‹J {+‫אون א‬G X

 K‫ع‬8‫א‬Ve+‫א‬$;‫א‬D
‫و‬،‫ط‬1 ‫
'א‬$ L‹J {+‫א}אمא‬H % Yc‫א‬Yw 



-[‫
وא‬T=‚‫
א‬W
44‫(
א‬B"‫א‬
JF Ò Fe‫د‬$F;'F(dDF]JF;‫د‬F&‫א‬F9`‫א‬MhF‫א‬Yc‫א‬H-%O‫?
دא‬W X‫א‬
p1Fc‫א‬HF!E¸‫א‬KKK‫دع‬1F+‫}لوא‬F+‫وא‬O1FeFFYc‫א‬:F‫&ذ‬F|+‫א‬n‫א‬$W‫א‬
O$FW‫و‬5WFrHF3JF3˜LFzJF ‫و‬،;‘&P '-- ‫
د‬He‹‫אœض‬
‫ع‬FF‫و‬nFF8z2O$FF;a2‫دא‬FF‫א‬:FF‫ذ‬LFF‫و‬KE١F?F Yc‫א‬:FF‫ذ‬a2–1FF 5PFF —‫א‬,FFoV‫א‬
 O1c‫א‬
OPF $F$7- F‫
و‬$F‫א‬$F;‫دא‬$FKFYc‫א‬DF%58‫ن‬3‫
ن‬#G‫و‬
 KE٢FO1c‫وعא‬58‫و‬O1c‫نوعא‬3 ‫(وא„و‬%‫א‬iWJ %‫د‬
FF‹‫ض‬FF‫א‬LFFœFF‫]א‬FF^+‫'א‬FF‫ز‬ZO‫د‬FF;2a2#FF ZFF nFF8ZZFFG XFF‫א‬
F+‫א‬F3‫א‬HF7 ‫م‬F%MhF‫ א‬XF‫'א‬F()a2F-(\‫^]א‬+‫א‬HJ(<‫و‬
LFG
vF{F8‫א‬F‫ود‬F+‫א‬n;
$F+‫א‬F&e‫و‬،'F(_‫[א‬e+‫א‬a2]^+‫א‬:-
 KE٣FE X‫ ~א‬



‫
אل‬W
5‫(
א א‬B"‫א‬
‫א‬$PFF(-#pFF%-Z‫س‬FF3‫א‬#FFG‫و‬# FF‫'א‬FF-FF-‫א‬FF\‫א‬FF(%‫لא‬$FF‫א‬
 XFF‫ذجא‬FFy‫ن‬FF3‫
ن‬FF9 $PFF%‫و‬، FF2FF9e[‫س‬FF ‫א‬#FFGœFF‫;א‬FF‫א‬
F-(‫א‬J ‫وج‬c‫لא‬lJ J3¦`‫و‬Ã
N-; ‫ 'אא‬%
‫ א‬# ‫א‬
;F‫אא‬$PF+‫א‬HF ،Fl ‫–א‬1FWNF-; ‫א ]א‬$W
¶8Z$(V–-X  X‫א‬
W‫}م‬-1:‫وذ‬K‫}אم‬V‫א‬J #|+‫א‬$%‫א‬-ZWa2‫ل‬r‫¶א‬Z
K$-%‫;א‬P‫א‬J;-%1  2 XZ;P7|‫ و|'
وא‬E١
[(.FV‫א‬nF‫و‬X ًF(;'F(_(-F%%T‫א‬nF`WV F X‫א‬n-( ‫  ´א‬E٢
 KE٤FEn17‫وא‬n`T‫وא‬n‫א<و‬FW‫א‬
NF-;eF+‫لא‬lJ # ‫ א‬X‫ذجא‬yO$% D%7ZO&3‫
نא‬W[
O‫نא دא‬F3Z‫
ن‬$F 
‫א‬h‫و‬،‫ אزن‬H3  ‫‘'א ]א‬$|‫א‬Wa2‫ل‬r‫א‬

 Kislamifn.com/basic/insurance.htm' [ ‫ل‬% ،# ‫ א‬X‫א‬ E١F

 K٣٠،#‫ אو‬X‫א‬،D
Z،#!‫א‬ E٢F
 K١٨٣،‫؟‬Md‫
م‬#‫و‬Z XZ5e+‫א‬# ‫ א‬X‫א‬HG،E٢٠٠٩FLW‫א‬$8;،#Z;1‫א‬ E٣F
#FF.‫א‬ª{FF(-‫م‬$FF% #FF(-;iFFb، FF‫א‬FF‫אل[א‬FF ‫(א‬.FF‫وא‬HFF(‫א‬،J$FF‫مא‬1FW،FF

 E٤F
 K١١‫ص‬،E‫م‬٢٠٠٧‫ذא‬١٣ J١٢FWD ‫د‬، ‫א‬+‫א‬n1{+‫وא‬ P(-

٣٨
 JF ‫ و‬KE١FF%%O$p1F‫ א‬nF±‫وא‬n‫'א دوא‬Y1FZVF DF%OF38+‫ א‬X‫א‬±‫
وא‬
 :‫ذ‬
?$F9‫وא‬Fo ‫ذج?א‬F(‫אא‬hFG$G‫א‬FoFnFo
Mh‫م؛א‬w‫وא‬Lw‫[א‬O‫وא‬1+‫א‬
‫ق‬%7FF‫א‬FF‫و‬،$FFp‫א‬-FF‘L9%7FF‫وא‬، ‫א‬FF] ‫'א‬FF‘(G1FFgHFF.ª‫ل‬$FF

[F‫د‬8+‫[א‬F]F ‫دل‬F‫
{א‬F3‫א‬3Fo2#F&Z:hF ‫و‬،l ‫–א‬1WN-;¢8‫א‬
 K;o ‫א‬+‫;א‬P‫ א‬1|,&+‫א‬9!‫وא‬w-& X‫ذجא‬y]2


?‫
ذج
א
אא‬#0
e
5>‫
א‬o^K‫
אƒ(\
?א‬T(;M/

J٥
J٣
Hw‫א‬n-(;L1%Z5me+‫ذجא‬y]2[ X-
O‫دא‬2H8[
 # ‫ א‬X‫א  [א‬5Z3+‫א‬n-(;a2 X‫א‬eo[
 EO$‫ }א‬e ‫د‬%;F(‫ א‬$l‫ل‬8%V‫א‬W‫א ول‬53+‫א‬
 E|‫د و‬%;Fn-(‫א‬O‫دא‬2W#.‫א‬53+‫א‬
 Ene ‫د‬%;F-l‫א‬$‫א‬8\‫א‬O‫دא‬2Wi.‫א‬53+‫א‬
 En|‫د و‬%;F&P‫א^جوא‬O‫دא‬2W' ‫אא‬53+‫א‬
 EO$‫ }א‬e ‫د‬%;F(‫ א‬$l‫ل‬8%V‫א‬W‫א ول‬53+‫א‬
D1FFZ‫و‬L$FF%ZFF-;'FF%Z‫و‬،FF9(!‫א‬H8%1FFMhFF‫א‬5FF3+‫א ولא‬5FF3+‫א‬HFF.˜
O$FF$`FF XZn $FFlFF3  FF(‫א‬nFF`WFF8-ZNFF-;HFF(‫ وא‬XFF‫א‬n $FFl
n $FFl‫}ز‬FFFFg‫و‬،;FF‫ א‬1FF‫'א‬FF FF+‫אضא‬FFs ‫א‬DFF%nFF_ [FF9Y(Z‫و‬
 KE٢F ‫ א‬X‫א‬eo
nF-(;J(<FZœF‫א‬YF ‫א‬F;()JF;OF8;‫א ول‬53+‫א‬n-(
‫؛‬LzJ ‫و‬
FF;‫א‬$ 2‫ل‬FF-TsPFF‫وא‬،OFF38 FF nFF‫و‬n‫ دوא‬،hFF&‫وא‬،FFY‫وא‬،L(PFF‫א‬
OF&3‫א‬n‫א‬F8;‫وא‬،E٤FFT‫عא‬F‫א‬nF9` F]2[:F‫ذ‬HFeKE٣F" X‫א‬He+
nVPFZV‫א‬OFz‫و‬nF -+‫א‬F%Z[HGhF+‫א‬FY‫א‬F LGFF¦J$&1 KE٥F‫د‬PV‫א‬
F
.eNF-;$(Zn‫د‬P‫א‬J ‫ل‬7‫[א‬n -+‫دلא‬8Z‫و‬nVPZV‫&א‬-3Z‫وא¿&ض‬

 K٥،# ‫‰א‬9+‫[א‬n‫*א‬+‫א‬$‹‫;א‬r،E٢٠٠٠FL- E١F

K١،‫ط‬7‫;א‬r‫א و‬+‫א‬$‹‫א‬،8!‫א‬$8;،#981‫א‬E٢F
#FF7`‫אא‬eFFo6F78‫}א‬FFe ،# F‫‰א‬9FF+‫[א‬n‫א‬FF*F+‫א‬FF$‹‫;א‬Fr،E٢٠٠٠F# FF،L-FE٣F
FF+‫א‬8FF\‫א‬،#FF(%8‫א‬،٩١،]FF^+‫א‬O‫دא‬2[FFG‫ودو‬FF+‫א‬n%FF+‫א‬،‫אن‬FF|،٥،‫ض‬FF‫א‬،
PFF+‫א‬
 K٣،3 ،%‫` 
مא‬،+‫א‬$‹‫א‬n$‫و‬
 K١، ‫א‬+‫א‬$‹‫א‬a2Hl$  ‫א‬$%‫قא‬n‫
دوא‬،$(K#-;JR‫
™א‬E٤F
F(Z‫و‬FY‫א‬O‫دא‬2، F‫א‬F+‫א‬F$‹‫א‬a2Hl$F  F‫א‬$F%‫قא‬Fn‫
دوא‬،$(K#-;JR‫
™א‬E٥F
 K١،#+‫(א‬.‫א‬: ،‫א ;(ل‬

٣٩
 ?FFF
+‫א‬FFF
.e$FFF(Zn‫د‬PFFF‫א‬a2?intensive labor Economics?HFFF(‫א‬
 KE١F?Intensive knowledge Economics
‫ذج‬FyF3،#F+‫א‬F3 V‫א‬hF&5F ‫ذج‬FyO$F‫}א‬+‫א‬eF+‫ذجא‬Fy‫و‬
 XF ‫א‬neFFo $^1FFZ°‫د‬FF8+‫وא‬FF3
‫א‬JFF FF;()‫
و‬،‫م‬FF*OFFr[‫غ‬PFF
F-(‫ ™א‬8PFZiFbKF9p(;F`‫א‬ZF F HeF+H<F

‫ل‬-W‫د‬m ‫א‬
´ ‫<א‬FF‫א‬DFF
‫ و‬FF2†FFr‫ل‬FFlJFF LFFZFF-(‫א‬hFFG‫و‬KFF`2FF.e
‫و‬OFF&eFF.e

'
F+‫وא‬$p‫א&א‬D%ˆ‫&ل
ن‬s2‫دون‬.ً <
‫א‬$P .e
 X‫™א‬8P:h ‫و‬،;‫א‬
‫ل‬FFlJFF DFF%7 $FF‹‫אא‬hFFG‫و‬KE٢F FF‫ א‬XFF‫א‬eFFo[FF-(‫א‬ ‫א‬FF] FF+‫א‬
W‫א‬n‫`אא‬V‫א‬
OFF%‫אنא‬vFFFF3 V‫[وא‬FF+‫א‬FFY‫”نא‬FF
‫؛‬FF(‫א‬nFF`WVO(1FF FF‫دא‬ E١
[uFF_‫א‬n‫א‬FFYlLGXFF
‫د؛‬PFFV‫א‬FF9Z&e'FF
FFd 1FF{ M FFe\‫א‬
FF(‫א‬nFF`WV™7PFF‫א‬LFF9&‫دא‬FF`‫[و‬HFF.(FF7`FF nFF_  FFYZ
H8FF[FFl ‫ א‬FFV‫א‬FF+‫א‬n1FF{+‫'א‬FF ‫ون‬FF‫א‬:hFFe‫و‬#1FFpHFF e
F-.(+‫א‬w‫א‬.78‫دא‬P+‫א‬N-;$1Z،Y‫א‬678e, |
XZ
F-3GO‫د‬F;2‫د‬F9`[9 ‫א‬$^F‫א‬JF3˜œF‫ وא‬V‫א‬+‫א‬n +‫א‬%
[
KE٣FO$WN-;1{ He1 N-;O$$!‫א‬+‫א‬n_+‫א‬YZ‫و‬
‫אق‬FFFF ‫وא‬FFFF_‫א‬n;‫و‬FFFF+‫وא‬nFFFF;(!‫אدوא‬FFFF
¥#FFFF-&‫—א‬-1FFFF‫א‬FFFF‫دא‬ E٢
‫™
و‬F NPF
D%7#1‫אضא‬,
‫دونא‬:‫[אא'–وذ‬G(e‫؛‬n 3T‫وא‬
JF ƒ.F3 vFe
9 ‫م‬%‫א‬a2# ‫دא‬PV‫ˆجא‬$œ‫(א‬9+‫א‬#9
K&
OPF F ‫م‬F%‫א‬NF-;ً‫دא‬FJF3~F3‫و‬KM$F-%‫دא‬PV‫א‬9 '-Yœ‫א‬:-Z
F;NF-;‫م‬F%?‫ع‬vF ‫}אم‬FV‫ذجא‬Fy[?‫א‬$FW‫وא‬e-FF|‫א‬,
‫א‬581 %
MF8‫—א‬-1F‫א‬F‫دא‬#FG# F‫دא‬PFV‫م‬F9 a‫א
”ن
و‬h،Z‫א‬h‫א‬¹P+‫א‬
GF* JF $FW‫وא‬F9* F‫[دא‬1&PˆV‫و
ن‬، ‫[وא'א‬-;G(e
M‫{د‬FV‫
و‬M‫{د‬F$F%
،:F‫ذ‬a2
| K#‫ƒوא‬s‫אض‬,
‫لא‬lJ —-1‫אא‬hG
K‫د‬+‫א‬ $‹‫א‬D%a2#-&‫—א‬-1‫א‬
Wu,FFF%+‫ذجא‬FFF(‫[א‬FFFG‫و‬K‫د‬FFF+‫א‬ $FFF‹‫א‬DFFF%7–FFF-Y+‫—א‬-1FFF‫عא‬FFF$FFF$ E٣
F”
،‫د‬F+‫א‬ $F‹‫א‬D%ÅHª98Y l ‫א‬L%‫نא‬2iW‫و‬e+‫א‬
 $F‹‫א‬DF%NF-; F‫א‬n1F{+‫وא‬LF%‫א‬z
‫ن‬8#(-;H-7 ‫م‬%‫א‬#w8
K‫د‬+‫א‬

 K٧٦،OG%‫א‬،E١F‫ط‬،n _-‫دאא‬،]^+‫א‬O‫دא‬2[G‫ودو‬+‫א‬n%+‫א‬،E٢٠٠٥Fƒµ،‫ |אن‬E١F

 K٨،F ‫א‬F+‫א‬nF_+‫א‬FYZnF_Z‫א‬,‫وא‬F+‫א‬F ‫א ز‬،$R
‫و‬،‫وز‬$ E٢F
 K٦،Hw‫א‬n$‫אא'و‬W.$T‫ א‬V‫א‬+‫א‬n‫א دوא‬،E٢٠٠٨F‫ن‬$;،E٣F

٤٠
[ ‫א‬FF] ‫'א‬FF‘—-FF5FF%ZNFF-;$;1FFZœFF‫א‬n‫אא‬FF`‫א‬JFF FF;()u‫א‬,FF‫א‬ E٤
،‫ن‬F3 ‫א‬$#.+‫—א‬-1‫א‬J –‫אد‬+‫ز'א‬Z‫و‬jPš[‫ون‬z{Jh‫قא‬1‫א‬
FFF  ‫א‬$FFFG ‫א‬$FFFW
‫ن‬2iFFFW،O$FFF‫}א‬+‫א‬eFFF+‫א‬Wu,FFF%+‫ذجא‬FFF(‫[א‬FFFG‫و‬
K8‫אلא‬W
1N-;$;1Z‫
ن‬G
+‫–א‬1eV
JF ‫ج‬Ӎ—G‫ن‬3‫
ن‬#w8V‫و‬،M.‫—א‬-1‫
سא‬N-;‫م‬%Mh‫א‬H-7‫א‬ E٥
F
F.e
OPF :hF ‫م‬F%‫א‬NF-;ً‫ندא‬3$‫و‬KH-7‫אא‬hGH. ‫אم‬$^‫א‬
KE١FW „e(

‫
א‬+‫א‬J ‫ذא

د‬2


E
%‫د
و‬C/
F
T(;M‫دא
א‬0
W
4‫
א‬oK‫א‬
1‫(نوא‬p‫א‬O‫دא‬2‫م‬9g‫م‬%‫و‬9(!‫لא‬8%‫א‬53+‫אد‬53+‫א‬G‫و‬
:F‫؛وذ‬n‫אא‬F`V‫وא‬3‫א‬¢&ša2 $9‫و‬ne+‫وא‬n-(‫‚]א‬H-‫و‬
،?F&+‫ א‬$c‫و }ودא‬، ‫ א‬X‫א‬eo? e+‫ذجא‬yN-;‫;(د‬V
 K]^(-
O‫دא‬2a2Vr‫و‬
(FVF%-%+‫א‬O]F^+‫א‬n1FgH.(Z ‫ א‬X‫א‬O‫دא‬2n3o2$W2
HF`F FG‫و‬،]F^+‫אعא‬F
F% N-;O‫;و‬،%‫^]א‬+‫وא‬،1‫א‬O‫دא‬2]‚
O‫د‬FF+‫ א‬XFF‫†א‬FFr‫ل‬FFlJFF ‫ع‬FFY%‫אא‬hFF‹‫ل‬l$FF‫دد[א‬,FFZ FF‫ א‬XFF‫;א‬FFr
 K9$
،F-3‹‫وא‬،1F‫א‬WNF-;‫م‬F%ZO‫دא‬2‫ل‬Fr ‫א‬O‫دא‬2NF-;HF(eF+‫ذجא‬y‫و‬
JF :F‫ذ‬DF%7‫و‬KE٢F'
$‫א‬J;‫و‚]א‬،n%7V‫وא‬،$p‫
א‬1W‫و‬
jFF’FF(
‫אل‬FF ‫א‬# $^1FF ‫ل‬FF ‫و‬nFF`WFF8-FF+‫א‬nl$FF+‫א‬sFFrJFF
‫ل‬FFl
،‫ن‬FF(pV‫وא‬،‫ن‬$FF‫وא‬،1FF‫א‬O‫دא‬2NFF-;}e,FF $FFp‫قوא‬%7FFV‫א‬O,FF
‫و‬FF
‫א§ز‬
 KE٣F‫وع‬+ Y\‫א‬ ‫مא*و‬Z(‫א‬n`WV XZ†r‫אد‬$;2‫و‬
5F+‫א‬#F(*‫א‬F]‫[א‬F-.(+‫وא‬FZ‫א‬h‫א‬n‫א‬$F%‫א‬F NF-;H(‫א‬5-Y‫א‬hG‫و‬
FFh&‫א‬FF‫وא د‬O$FFW+‫א‬n‫אא‬FF`V‫א‬JFF FF }W‫و‬1FF+‫א‬FF;FF.bn‫א‬$FF% ‫;م‬$FF+‫وא‬
 KE٤FD1‫وא‬O‫دא‬V‫و[א‬$‫ƒא‬+‫א‬H<

‫אم‬$^‫א‬:‫[ذ‬g`‫א(ذ‬
L37F‫א‬HF`
JF ]F^+‫א‬O‫دא‬2n_Z‫א‬,F2‫(ل‬F‫א‬N-;n-(‫א‬53 ‫م‬%
F%8YZ‫ل‬Fl F‫ א‬XF‫א‬eFoF`‫א‬Z‫
ن‬JF3˜œF‫]א‬F^+‫لא‬3Fo
He[
O‫دא‬2nFF8-Y DFF%ˆH3FF ‫ذج‬FF(‫א‬L(PFFZNFF-;‫אא‬$FF ‫א‬HFF(Z‫ذ‬2‫؛‬eF+‫ذجא‬FF(

 K٢٣،# ‫دא‬PV‫א‬G ،‫ א‬o E١F

 K٩٤،]^+‫א‬O‫دא‬2[G‫ودو‬+‫א‬n%+‫א‬،‫ |אن‬E٢F
،F+‫א‬F$‹‫א‬n$F‫و‬F+‫א‬8F\‫א‬،#F(%8‫א‬،٩١،]F^+‫א‬O‫دא‬2[FG‫ودو‬F+‫א‬n%F+‫א‬،‫ |אن‬E٣F
 K١١، ‫א‬+‫א‬$‹‫א‬،L3‫א‬$8;،‫وز‬$،٣،3 ،%‫` 
مא‬
 K٦،Hw‫א‬n$‫אא'و‬W.$T‫ א‬V‫א‬+‫א‬n‫א دوא‬،E٢٠٠٨F‫ن‬$;، E٤F

٤١
NF-;‫دא‬F(;‫א‬:F‫وذ‬،# F‫ א‬XF ‫م‬F%‫א‬$FF8% n1F [9-m‫^]و‬+‫א‬
NFF-;FF(p%‫א‬FF3-(‫
'א‬FF+‫لא‬FFlJFF n $FFc‫'א‬FF‫ز‬Z‫جو‬FF2O‫دא‬2[—FF‫א‬OFF3

 K]‫א‬O3



E
T
‫د‬C/
F
(;]‫=
אא‬v‫دא
א‬0
W
F4‫
א‬oK‫א‬
¢FFF&šDFFF%O$FFF$`FFF XZnFFFFFF3 ‫א‬FFF3 2eFFF+‫ذجא‬FFFy
FFF
‫ل‬FFlJFF ‫دل‬FF8‫א‬HFF. MFF_‫دلא‬FF8‫א‬nFF-(e،FF(p‫ل‬FF(; FFp‫א`א‬FF3‫א‬
‫؛‬1FF‫א‬J1FˆFF¦FFe‫א‬FF&-3Z‫و‬n FF+‫א‬FF&-3Z¢FF&š‫و‬،E١FFF+‫א‬38FF‫א‬
$Fa2M‫{د‬FZً 1FKً F $lL$F%Za2M‫{د‬F‫ن‬²
5Fm• F7`#F+‫אعא‬$F ‫نא‬Ñ3#3•-

E٢F
K 3¦&-eHX #+‫[א*̄مא‬e+‫!('א‬rc‫א‬n`T‫א‬
F]2[F X‫א‬O‫…دא‬FO$F$`‫ل‬F-W F3 ‫א‬a2nF-(‫א‬53  $9(e
‫د‬PFV‫א‬O&3‫א‬1 '
#+‫*مא‬-
‫א‬$‫א‬O%‫™א‬8Pibe+‫ذجא‬y
?nF-(‫א‬F3Z¢F&š‫?و‬Risk Sharing?O]F^+‫مא‬1F‫صא‬F
O‫د‬F‫لز‬lJ
:FF‫ذ‬HFFe‫و‬KE٣FnVFFe‫وא‬nFF -+‫א‬FF3Z‫?و‬Lowering Transaction costs
K
&-(|n-(‫א‬53 J;8\‫א‬53 HP
L‫
ن‬5-Y


E
T%‫د
و‬C/
F
(,-‫دא
א†ج
وא‬0
W
y5‫
א א‬oK‫א‬
[Oƒl ‫א‬%-T‫א‬H3‫ن‬e‫ن‬2G‫و‬،n-(‫א‬J ‫ص‬l‫ع‬53+‫אא‬hGH.˜
5Fm‫א‬hF‫و‬،#F+‫א‬e‫א‬H
‫
و‬u¾
$W
v
V2 X‫א‬n-(;-1-
‫א‬$PFFF+‫א‬FFF 'FFF(mH3FFF eFFF‫א‬nFFF_ [OFFF&3‫א‬DFFF%FFF ‫ن‬FFF3‫
ن‬
 WF :‫ذ‬ ‫و‬،‫د‬PV‫א‬O&3‫א;وא‬
K& 
e+‫א‬n`W‫א‬- % N-;‫א(ذج‬O$% $ E١
n‫א‬FF
 ‫
و‬FF--FF&-3 nFF`WV‫א‬hFFGFF- % ‫ذج‬FF(‫א‬FF
'Y1FMhFF‫א‬$FF+‫ א‬E٢
n $FFc‫وא‬n‫وא دوא‬nFF_(-FFY‫אعوא‬$FF 
،FF;FF‫;ود‬1FF ‫و‬،FFt7-
KE٤F]^+‫א‬J  ‫א‬$% $;$p‫אא‬J ‫א‬$% N-;
D%XoJ +‫א‬
1FFF
 ‫دو‬PFFV‫א‬nFFF`WV‫א‬FF8-ZNFFF-;FFZ$‫ذج‬FFF(-‫د‬PFFV‫א‬OFF&3
E٣
KE٥F$-%‫א‬n‫א دوא‬

،F+‫א‬F$‹‫א‬n$F‫و‬F+‫א‬8F\‫א‬،#F(%8‫א‬،٩١،]F^+‫א‬O‫دא‬2[FG‫ودو‬F+‫א‬n%F+‫א‬،‫ |אن‬E١F

 K١١، ‫א‬+‫א‬$‹‫א‬،L3‫א‬$8;،‫وز‬$،٣،3 ،%‫` 
مא‬
K١٣، ‫א‬+‫א‬$‹‫א‬،L3‫א‬$8;،‫وز‬$ E٢F
 K٨٣،]^+‫א‬O‫دא‬2[G‫ودو‬+‫א‬n%+‫א‬،‫ |אن‬E٣F
 K،Y‫وא‬i78‫אعوא‬$ ‫א א‬ P+‫א‬L9& ´8ZZ+‫א‬$‹‫‰א‬p،E٢٠٠٧Fƒ9t E٤F
K٢١، ‫א‬+‫א‬$‹‫א‬،L3‫א‬$8;،‫وز‬$ E٥F

٤٢
،FF(;‫و‬،eFFo?‫ذج‬FF(‫א‬ ‫א‬FF]
$FFr% DFF%7 ‫د‬PFFV‫א‬OFF&3‫א‬DFF%7Z E٤
F$‫
وא‬،Fp‫א`א‬F3‫א‬J J3¦$HX ?'
+‫وא‬n $c‫א‬M‫و }ود‬
KnVPZV‫`وא‬3-‫ع‬1+‫א‬Y‫א‬J J$&1 H ‫א‬5
Y
OFFF&3‫<(نא‬FFF:FFF‫وذ‬،FFF‹FFF ‫אز‬FFF&‫وא‬FFF%‫א‬5FFF ‫א‬FFFYZNFFF-;HFFF(‫ א‬E٥
K+‫א‬n_(-‫د‬PV‫א‬
‫אد‬F+‫}א‬F}Z‫و‬،F`c‫א‬n‫ƒא‬wF+‫א‬nF Y8Z+‫א‬8‫א‬O‫;د‬2-(;N-;}e,‫ א‬E٦
JFF FF8‫אدא‬FF+‫א‬PFF ‫م‬FF(GV‫وא‬،FF.$T‫א‬FF`3‫א‬DFF8YZ‫و‬،FFµ
‫א‬
،´8<FF‫وא‬FF ‫א‬FF(*
FFYZ:hFFe‫و‬،[‫א‬,FFWV‫א‬1FF+‫'א‬FF
‫و‬5$FF‫لא‬FFl
KE١FO‫و[)لא *(وאدא‬$‫ƒא‬+‫א‬H<

‫ع‬8Z2‫و‬


‫
ذج
א
אא‬#0
e

‫

و)\
‡
א‬J٦
J٣
œFF‫א‬e-1FF‫א‬$FF;‫א‬%- FF‫א‬FF+‫;א‬PFF‫قא‬FF[F HFF-M
hFFl
‫م‬$FF; K١
‫
م‬FF8]?‫אد‬FF
¥#FF%%T‫—א‬-1FF‫א‬FF9
‫س‬FF
NFF-;F  FF‫א‬LFF‫א‬FFG%Z
n1FFF‫א‬ ‫א‬$FFFG
$FFFW
‫ن‬FFF3Z‫
ن‬5FFFmHFFF ،# FFF‫'א‬FFF(§‫?[א‬FFF8;‫א‬
‫
ن‬NFFF-;# FFF‫'א‬FFF(§‫אدא‬FFF

$;1FFFZœFFF‫א‬FFF;(`V‫א‬FFF£8‫א‬FFF2 FFF‫א‬
 KE٢Fً ˜ً 2ًe-‫א‬3-1
JF HF3
، XF‫'א‬F - F(-#%%T‫—א‬-1‫عא‬v‫א‬8;‫™א‬PV‫؛‬LzJ ‫و‬
vFFV$FF‫و‬،TPFF DFF%a2FFZY& N1FFHFF(‫وא‬، FF‫ א‬XFF‫א‬eFFo
 XF‫א‬eFo—-1F
، F‫[אא‬L%‫—א‬-1‫א‬J;(9;‫د‬P‫—א‬-1‫א‬
N1FHF(‫وא‬،F9-;O]F^+‫وא‬F&-3‫א‬¢&l‫و‬،™ ‫א‬D%WN-;5P ‫א‬
F‫אز‬+‫א‬HFt[‫و‬،F3¦F%zZ‫د‬FHFX F-;&-3‫א‬¢&š‫و‬،`WD%a2
FF(p2FFeƒFFsHFF(‫و‬FF|FF`W XFFZ FF‫ א‬XFF‫א‬eFFo¢
FZ$FF
n‫„ذא‬1F'
F  XFF(‫א‬¢F N1F$H %+‫و[א‬،L-Z‫;ج
و‬a2‫ج‬7(e
[:F‫ذ‬HFe،F9 XZ F‫ א‬XF‫א‬eFoHF8%Z$F‫و‬، KJ3Z~‫ن‬2،(
 F‫א‬ $F9 :-91F+‫—א‬-1FF|‫א‬F‫א‬$
LFzJ ‫و‬K ‫א‬+‫;א‬P‫]א‬2
 PFZ‫م‬$F;58Fƒ1  F&Z‫و‬،'F‫[אא‬FGF(e—-1F‫אא‬hFGF8]NF-;™7P‫א‬#(-‫א‬
—-1F‫א‬F8; hlXV‫
ن‬5m،–-Y+‫א‬7‫א‬N-;M‫د‬PV‫אطא‬ ‫
]א‬-‚
FF]‫[א‬LFFiFFb،#FF.+‫—א‬-1FF‫وא‬#FF-&‫—א‬-1FF‫א‬FF ً F
l‫א‬:FFG‫ن‬2iFFWHFF. ‫א‬
‫د‬FF+‫א‬FFG™8PFF#FFe'FF‫אא‬H$FF FF-&3‫א‬HpFF‫وא‬H81FF‫א‬$FF$ XFF‫ذجא‬FFy
 KE٣F2‫ن‬3 –
‫د
و‬P%+‫وא‬

 K٦،Hw‫א‬n$‫אא'و‬W.$T‫ א‬V‫א‬+‫א‬n‫א دوא‬،E٢٠٠٨F‫ن‬$;،E١F

K١١٣‫و‬١٠١،‫[אم‬#1‫دא‬PW,% _9 ،#%$rE٢F
 K٥،# ‫دא‬PV‫[א‬n*‫ א‬،‫د‬E٣F

٤٣
F
‫وض‬F
a2 F‫א‬F$%‫א‬LF%‫;وא‬F‫א‬$;‫א‬%‫‘א‬Z[$9!‫لא‬h K٢
FFV‫وא‬FF%‫د‬FF(-;nFF*W 'FF‘[FFl
FF9`JFF $F 9!‫لא‬hFF ‫و‬،FF9`JFF
OGF*-EO1F& ‫
و
وض‬F‫
ض‬u‫א‬,V:‫وذ‬،O$\‫א‬M‫د‬PV‫א‬H-7‫א‬n‫دوא‬X
K ‫]א&وضא‬2[:‫وذ‬،‫د‬PV‫א‬
HF-F-W $F ‫ذ‬2‫؛‬E١F‫ وא‬2‫د‬P‫א‬ ‫و‬tHt[1&+‫א&ضא‬8l‫א‬ K٣
‫”ن‬F
،F HF ‫אدא‬F+‫'א‬F‫אא‬9(<FœF‫ א‬F‫ א‬X‫א‬eon3+‫א‬
FF9
Oz{FF+‫א‬HFF ‫وאא‬9 8FF
‫و‬n3FF+‫א‬hFFGHFF-a2HF %FFGiFFW8‫دوא‬
F*‫א‬nFY ‫و‬ ‫و‬F*‫'وא‬F‫אא‬F|[n3F+‫ א‬hF‹‫ل‬F-T‫א‬u‫א‬,‫وא‬K‫و‬
JF F &PF-F‫{د‬+‫א‬O1Fc‫”نא‬F
،‫ق‬1‫אא‬hG[‫و‬K ‫ א‬X‫א‬e
JF;F*‫א‬¢Fw L98F3 LF*Za2‫ع‬F8‫ذجא‬FyHt[‫
אد‬¥#8Y‫—א‬-1‫א‬
FF eFF+‫ذجא‬FFy[-^FF—-1FF‫אא‬hFFG‫
ن‬FFW[،eFF‫א‬FF‫{ول‬FFZFF
K:o
LFF%‫وא‬FF`‫א‬+‫א‬HFF` $FFr% ‫و‬$FF;‫'وא‬FF‫لא‬FFr
NFF-;n3FF+‫ضא‬FF; K٤
 W‫طא‬%-%
‫و‬Y‫א`وא‬+‫א‬-(;LZ‫و‬،Y‫وא‬
FF9
FF*‫وא‬FF|&‫א‬¢FF
‫ل
و‬FF8%a‫א و‬OFFYc‫א‬FFG1FF‫نوא‬FF%‫א‬a2‫ع‬FF`‫ א‬E١
‫ن‬F%‫دא‬$FˆMhF‫א‬# F‫ذجא‬F(-F%Y+‫א‬F8‫ 'א‬L_1Z„e‫ذא‬2 
+
ƒ8Fe‫ل‬F§‫”نא‬F
، ‫א‬J 
HeP&~(92iW‫و‬8‫א‬1‫وא‬L3‫א‬
‫ل‬FFFF§‫[א‬nXFFFF~‫م‬FFFF
KFFFF(9
FFFF`FFFF 'FFFF :FFFF‫ضذ‬FFFF‫ددون
ن‬FFF9`
F .‫لא‬Fr ‫
نא‬FG‫ &د‬FYZF&-l‫
و‬،F ;nGd‫
وא‬°‫د‬8gV2M‫د‬PV‫א‬
'F 5FZHF(;nsP‫د‬9`‫א‬HKً (p‫ندא‬3Z‫
ن‬J3˜1‫نوא‬%‫[א‬
#F%&-‫‰א‬9F+‫–א‬F`‫א‬LF7‫א‬hF‫و‬K
$91F+‫א‬F‫א‬$Fr%+‫א‬DF%ˆg‫אא'و‬
 FFFl‫א‬OFFF;‫دون א‬FFF&-‚nFFFrXZJFFF hFFFl ‫'[א‬FFF(!‫א‬NFFF7 FFF7MhFFF‫א‬
G‫د‬$FFWœFF‫א‬LF%‫وא‬nFFw‫א‬LF9& 
$FF8F|&‫א‬¢FF
‫ل
و‬F8‫
ن‬:FF‫ذ‬.E٢FG$Fr%
FF%Y+‫א‬FF8‫'א‬FF 9ZG<FF ‫و‬K9‫و‬$FF FF(9
JFF3˜VœFF‫وא‬،aFFZ‫و‬78FFS‫א‬
KE٣F ‫א‬-
FFF(3T HFFF-‫א‬FFF|[# FFF‫ א‬XFFF‫ذجא‬FFF( FFF%-+‫א‬nFFF|&‫א‬LFFF%Z E٢
:FFF‫لذ‬FFF. ‫و‬# FFF‫'א‬FFF‫א‬$FFFr% 'FFF FFF9%
‫א‬Z$FFF ‫و‬KE٤F;FFF‫مא‬FFF3W¥

 K٥٣،# ‫دא‬PV‫א‬Oƒ1 L%Z،M1E١F

‫د‬PFV‫ א‬6Fb
} e ،‫؟‬# F‫د א‬PFV‫ل א‬r
‫ون [ ن‬r+‫ א‬9%&‫ א‬P HG،‫אزאق‬$8;،‫س‬8- E٢F
K٣،‫د‬1‫ א  א‬3-(+‫ – א‬O$` – }}‫ א‬$8; :-+‫`  א‬،# ‫א‬
 K٢٥،# ‫دא‬PV‫א‬G ،‫ א‬o E٣F
F3&-#+F‫א‬$F9+‫א‬،# F‫'א‬F‫[א‬F(3T HF-‫‰א‬9F W‫אن‬F OF ƒ1F` iW8- E٤F
 KE٢٠٠٧F# ‫א‬

٤٤
HFr ‫ א‬XFZJF;KKK$Fp-‫دل‬F‫قא‬%7FV‫
وא‬،9!‫
وא‬،w‫א 
وא‬3o2
 K XZ‫אد‬+‫א‬#+‫א‬
FF’‫–א‬FF_‫א‬FF|[# FF‫ א‬XFF‫ذجא‬FF( DFF-ZœFF‫א‬nFF*‫א‬jFF7
E٣
FF*W :FF‫ذ‬JFF ‫و‬K FF‫ א‬XFF‫;א‬FFrJFF;O
FF+‫א‬،E١FpPFFW‫א‬nFF8‫وא‬
FF‹DFF%WFFg،?FF;v‫א‬FF|‫و‬+‫ذج?א‬FFyNFF-; FF‫ א‬XFF‫;א‬FFr}FFeZ
F $F;9PF7
O‫د‬F;25FmnF*‫א‬hGH. ‫و‬KKK،O]^+‫˜א‬$;‫ن‬$‫*א‬
KpPWV‫‰א’وא‬p‫א(ذج[|א‬
ƒFsF*$F;‫א‬F2NF-;$;1FMhF‫א‬FGDpF%T 9- %gn|&‫א‬j7
E٤
H3FoDF%F3 2:F‫ذ‬JF ‫و‬KF‫א‬$Fr% D%‫[)ل‬O$& ‫و‬،(%;
n1F{+HF&3ZF%Y F $c‫}ودא‬F ‫ א و‬X‫א‬eo e+‫א‬J
F-R‫و‬DpFz‫א‬F-RF eF Fl
F9`J ‫و‬،#+‫אא‬%V‫ א‬$c‫جא‬V‫א‬
‫]دون‬F^+‫&„א‬Z‫[אونو‬e‫א‬ $G‫‹دوو‬lJ $eX3-+‫قא‬%W
KG$r% ‫אو‬$;‫‚&א‬
‫م‬FF-‫وא‬M$FF-%‫دא‬PFFV‫א‬FFG]œFF‫א‬HFF-7‫א‬n‫و
دوא‬FF8lV‫א‬5FF
‫אم‬$^FF‫ א‬E٥
;PF‫א‬nF*‫א‬$F(Z‫ 
ن‬F‫א‬+‫;א‬P-J3˜‫ذ‬2Kl ‫`(;א‬V‫א‬
hFFFG‫ض‬F FZ~‫ذא‬2FFF$-%‫א‬FFF(3T‫א‬JFFF ً‫}א‬FFF`„78FFFr
œFFF‫א‬FFF$-%‫א‬FFF+‫א‬
KE٢FOT‫نوא‬3- ‫א‬O*-%Y+‫א‬8‫ 'א‬n*‫א‬
JFF # FF‫ א‬XFF‫ذج[א‬FF(‫א‬FF9-;‫م‬FF%œFF‫א‬n‫†وא دوא‬PFF‫دوא‬FF%‫א‬jFF7
E٦
W‫אم‬$^‫لא‬l
F9!‫وא‬w‫وא‬3o

3  ‫مو`دא‬$;KKn +‫א‬%& ‫א‬$;‫א‬%‫ א‬E

‫م‬$FF;:hFFe‫و‬،FF \‫א‬YFF ‫
وא‬nFF \‫وא‬O$FF&‫وطא‬FF‫وא‬،FFW&‫א‬
 Fz
M
‫ل
و‬wFV‫
وא‬L-*‫
وא< 
وא‬O$1&+‫א‬a2‫د‬%‫†وא‬P‫א‬hG<
2
KH`‫;}و‬S‫א‬#|V
K ‫א‬8\‫א‬£GJ;O‫د‬P‫א‬8\‫ƒא;وא‬+‫ א‬E–
# ‫א‬%&‫)('א‬n‫ אא‬E‫ج‬
KL9ZVV$‫وא‬Jr+‫وא‬N ‫א‬$%‫(א‬-‫وא‬9%&‫ אא‬E‫د‬
FF9 ‫د‬$FF;‫אض‬FFZ‫א‬D8FF$FF‫ƒو‬FF+‫א‬hFFG'(_FF‫א‬$FFO$FF‫}א‬+‫א‬eFF+‫ذجא‬FFy‫و‬
 KP&

 K٢٦،# ‫دא‬PV‫א‬G ،‫ א‬o E١F

 K٢٦،# ‫دא‬PV‫א‬G ،‫ א‬o E٢F

٤٥
HFrX‫لא‬lJ :‫ وذ‬W ‫وאא‬D&gn‫†وא دوא‬P‫دوא‬%‫א‬YZ E٧
،# FF‫א‬FF%&‫[א‬O(1FF+‫دא‬FF%‫א‬FF]2[O$FF$!‫†א‬PFF‫دوא‬FF%‫א‬hFF‹#FF9%&‫א‬
‫}אم‬FV‫وא‬،# F‫ א‬F%&‫[א‬$F%‫א‬F*[F
‫و‬+‫نא‬Fe ‫}אم وطوא‬V‫وא‬
œF‫א‬F\‫א‬LF%‫;وא‬F‫א‬$Fr%+‫א‬DF%‫و‬،‫د‬F%‫א‬n‫א‬$1& ‫د‬8 H 3‫א‬
JFF;77PFF‫א‬FF9`‫א‬FF99`‫و‬FFy2‫و‬،FF+‫دא‬FF%‫א‬ÔFF~‫م‬FF
KE١FFF92 ;$FZ
F(*+‫א‬F-3‫א‬$F;‫א‬%‫א‬F%Z‫و‬F ‫مא‬F3W ‫'א‬Z‫و‬n \‫א‬J 9%ZD]
 K‹



‫
ذج
א
אא‬e
E‫
א‬X+

J٧
J٣
'FF - F+‫א‬ ‫א‬FF]
‫
ن‬a2OFo‫א‬5Fm‫ذج‬FF(‫אא‬hFGHF(;FF™F|ZH8F[
 W#Z± ‫ن‬-.(# ‫ א‬X‫א‬
K?L9 ‫–א‬7r
?3-+‫قא‬%W-R E١
Ke‫א‬O‫دא‬2 E٢
KDpz‫א‬-R E٣
K'
+‫א‬n $lM‫ }ود‬E٤
 K‫ون‬$&1+‫ א‬E٥
 WN-;ƒ+‫א‬£G„P
NF-;5FZ,F ‫و‬F3-+‫قא‬%W–7r
‫و‬Dpz‫א‬-R ‫א‬$$(G
 J–
DpFz‫א‬F-RJF HFenF-(;‰p‫و‬n ‫وא}א‬n‫  `دא‬H 3‫א‬HP&‫א‬
DFWM‫ذ‬HFeFY;‫وא‬9%71 ‫قو‬%T‫א‬:‫وذ‬3-+‫قא‬%W–7r
‫و‬
KE٢F%W
F‫א‬$-F%%:F‫وذ‬DpFz‫א‬F-RNF-;¶ X‫א‬¢p&‫ز'א‬Z‫و‬$$(G
 Jn
KE٣F ‫ א‬X‫א‬eo' Y8Z+‫א‬ ‫ א ]א‬



‫دא
א

א‬0
e
‫
ذج
א
אא‬/‫א‬E
 W‫א‬$;‫א‬%‫א‬N-; X‫א‬O‫دא‬2[O$‫}א‬+‫א‬e+‫ذجא‬y‫م‬%


‫ 
א>אل‬Y
/‫א‬E
h[‫
א
و‬E/
W
g‫و‬7

 K٢٩٢،# ‫دא‬PV‫[א‬#(-‫א‬i78‫א‬nGd‫א‬،E٢٠٠٧F‫(ل‬e،–YW E١F

neFFo[}FF_‫
وא‬¢pFF&‫'א‬FF‫ز‬Z‫و‬$FF$FF
JFF;uPFF
‫א‬،E١٣FLFFFF+‫א‬،FF`‫א‬+‫وא‬8FF\‫א‬FF£G E٢F
 K، ‫ א‬X‫א‬
neFFo[}FF_‫
وא‬¢pFF&‫'א‬FF‫ز‬Z‫و‬$FF$FF
JFF;uPFF
‫א‬،E١٣FLFFFF+‫א‬،FF`‫א‬+‫وא‬8FF\‫א‬FF£G E٣F
 K، ‫ א‬X‫א‬

٤٦
 F$‫א‬F‫א‬FrZNF-;# ‫ א‬X‫[א‬O$‫}א‬+‫א‬e+‫ذجא‬y‫م‬%
HFF(7‫אل‬FF
eFFo[eFF+‫א‬O$FF;NFF-;FF3-+‫قא‬FF%WFF-R‫و‬DpFFz‫א‬FF-RFF
،‫ل‬FFF+‫
سא‬FFF3- ‫س‬FFF
NFFF-;n‫(א‬.FFFV‫[א‬PFFFO1FFFc‫ ™وא‬FFF‫א‬FFF9
‫(ن‬G1FF+‫א‬
‫ز
ن‬FF`‫ن‬2‫و‬،™ F‫א‬JFF 81FVOF` ‫א‬$FFp;D71FFrl‫ƒא‬FF`
eF‫א‬O‫دא‬2F8;‫وא‬
 KO‫אدא‬O&3‫א ™`&}א‬J 81O‫|'دא‬Z
HFeL$F%Z‫س‬F
NF-;‫م‬F%ZO$FW‫وא‬F*&KeF-+‫؛
”نא\&*א‬LzJ ‫و‬
 WE١FJ$8 ‫
אل‬eo‫
س‬N-;‫ل‬+‫
سא‬Dpz‫א‬-R‫و‬،3-+‫قא‬%W-RWJ
 K3-+‫قא‬%W-RLG‫و‬W‫(ن‬p‫א‬$‫א‬e‫א‬W‫א ول‬$8‫א‬
 Dpz‫א‬-RLG‫و‬،‫{ن‬+‫א‬e‫א‬W#.‫א‬$8‫א‬
‫ق‬FF&Z  JFF-(!‫}–[א‬pFF`‫ج‬FFV‫א‬HFF ‫;א‬FF eFF+‫א‬FF`‫و‬JFF FF`‫אא‬hFFG‫و‬
JFF FF.e
FF9
‫د
]א‬$FFZ:FF‫א[ذ‬FF‫و‬،‫אل‬FF ‫א‬eFFo‫אز‬FF`NFF-;L9;FF‘V،FF9%&‫א‬
 E٢FK‫دوא‬$~‫אو‬z‫א‬
FF-RWFF*&\‫([א‬G1FF+‫عא‬FF(§:FF- eFF‫א‬n‫(א‬.FF‫لوא‬FFr
$FFZ‫א‬hFF‫و‬
'FF(!FF+‫}א‬FFe‫א‬+‫א‬$FF$nFFwFFHFFeFF(3W¢<FFZ،DpFFz‫وو‬FF3- ‫ق‬FF%W
 K(G1+‫א‬
?™ F‫وא‬HFr ‫[א‬eF+‫א‬F $%;?We‫نא‬X 9%&‫;א‬v; ‫א‬hG‫و‬
F$8 ‫
و‬F [ PF‫[
ن‬8WPFeF+‫א‬JF $FW‫وא‬HFe‫ذن‬2?NF-;‫م‬%ZKE٣F
iFˆ‫و‬،E٥F? PFZ[‫ع‬F(`‫?א‬FF :F‫نذ‬F3‫و‬KE٤F?(91&
(9
PZ' 8WP‫و‬،
 KE٦F‫אع‬9`N-;.eX
zVDT‫א‬n8z:‫ذ‬N-;5Z,
jPFFWa2FF‹ ‫
س‬L1FF%‫אل‬FF
eFFo XFF‫א‬eFFFF+‫א‬FF*&\‫א‬HFF.ª
#FG‫و‬KF9
P
 FPW$% e‫א‬n ‫א}א‬J;‫{ول‬1 9
LG1 He،‫و‬1 
 KE٧F#P^‫א‬8;V‫א‬V،#+‫א‬8;V‫א‬N-;‫م‬%Ze

e,Fo‫א‬W‫ل‬F%
،3F‫א‬FY‚¶Z‫و‬،‫א‬e¯ Î ‫وא‬²eÏ‫وא‬،E²—® o
® FH&‫א‬J Â we‫ א‬E١F
،eFFFo‫א—و‬FFFo
'FFF(!‫وא‬،FFFl±‫(א‬G$FFFW
—FFFo‫و‬eFFFZ‫`نو‬FFF‫—א‬,FFFo‫وא‬،eFFFZNFFFg
‫ن‬1F،F* JF ‫?א‬3Fonr‫ذא‬2#‫„
ً[א‬eo‫ل‬%‫و‬.eX
z‫ א‬#‫ز'א‬Ze

K٩٤٤،´\‫ سא‬%‫א‬،M‫א&ƒوز د‬KE٤٢٩F‫א‬n(9 N-;‫א‬،M‫و‬+‫א‬،E٩٩L٧F–‫א‬
 eW#Z98‫א‬،٢٢٢L٣‫¶א\ج‬w W¶ ‫א‬،٤L٥oWW#$‫א‬،٥٠٢L٧'pP‫'א‬p‫א‬$ W#3‫ א‬E٢F
 K٢٦٢L٨N-\‫א‬W‫}م‬WJ ‫א‬،٥٨١L٣‫ع‬%‫א‬
KE٢٩٩L٤F^+‫א‬$‫א‬،#&3PT‫ א‬E٣F
KE١١٧L٥FH-!‫א‬5G‫ א‬،–YT‫ א‬E٤F
KE٤٩٦F‫ع‬%‫א‬ e،#Z98‫א‬،E٤٠٧L٥F P‫א‬،M‫دאو‬+‫ א‬E٥F
KE٣١٦L٢F‫وאع‬E٢١١L٢F‫¶א\ج‬w ،¶ ‫ א‬E٦F
neFF‫א‬،$FF;،E١٦٣FMFF_‫نא‬FF%‫א‬°‫د‬FF8 ،‫ون‬FFl‫و‬FF`‫א‬e،E٢٣٢FMFF_‫نא‬FF%‫א‬،# FF E٧F
KE١٣F_‫א‬

٤٧



,;†‫
א

א‬T/`E
T]
(`ƒ^
(K0
W
(‚
F8-Za2 $F9ZF‫و‬Z‫אل‬F
eFo F‫ א‬X‫א‬eo‫ن‬eJ Y‫א‬
‫د‬Fm2HF&3FgLG‫د‬$9Zœ‫א‬Yl ‫א‬J L9R‫و‬،L9;<‫א(و
'א‬n`W
‫”ن‬F
‫{؛‬F&eM‫د‬PF‫א‬H3 9Z‫
وزد‬# ‫[א'א‬Ov+‫وא‬L‹O‫د‬P%+‫
'א‬+‫א‬
‫ƒא‬FF FF‫א‬$FFr% NFF-;O$FF( FF X‫א‬9Z $FFlL$FF%ZFF93˜ XFF‫א‬eFFo
 K9(G
‫ و‬X‫ א‬$c‫ و;א‬$ ‫س‬%




‫
א‬h)‚‫
و‬W
4‚
#FG‫و‬،(.FV‫א‬eF‫א‬F*&K‫ل‬Fµ
[F PFPW XF‫א‬Dpz‫و‬H.ª
vFF;#‫א‬FF H3FF O‫א‬,FF+‫ א‬XFF‫א‬DpFFz‫و‬$FF‫}א‬FF8Z$FF‫א}א‬FF- % PFFZeFF
 Kn‫א‬1‫א‬


 ‫
א‬X,v
MKz‫{(|
א‬+‫א‬W
5‫א‬
p1Fc‫وא‬uF  ‫א‬JF;8F\‫א‬LFZ‫و‬،F‫د‬$F_‫زم‬VƒFs$F%;e‫אא‬$%;
¢<FZLF‫و‬،F FHFeF9[F c‫א‬n 1FT‫א‬F(p‫ ”;ن‬MH3
F9+‫א‬8F\‫א‬$F;‫א‬%‫א‬NF-;eF‫א‬F
$F(ZF(3Wً <<Z(.V‫لא‬r ‫א‬
 K(.‫אد‬L%‫א‬$%Z‫[)ل‬Ovc‫א‬n8 1Z‫א و‬8\‫و ƒא‬



‫‰دאد
א‬g‫
א‬W
!]
FFFF;
$+‫א‬FFFF$%‫א‬n<FFF‫†א‬FFFF8 ‫و‬FFFF X‫א‬n $FFFc‫א‬FFFF3Z$FFFF%ZLFFF
[™PFF‫אذنא‬O$FF;DFF
‫و‬DpFFz‫א‬FF-(b‫ص‬FFc‫א‬M(.FFV‫–א‬1FFWNFF-;J$&1FF(-
LPFš‫
ن‬NF-;،‫אل‬F ‫א‬eFo[Fµ
J }`e‫א‬$W
‫دאد‬,‫אزא‬Q$%‫א‬
 Ke‫[א‬e 81[rJ



C+‫
א‬T{‫
א

وא‬T]
c;
W
‫د‬
n $FFc‫א‬FF3ZJFF DpFFz‫א‬FF-R(.FF‫–א‬1FFWNFF-;O$FF%+‫†א‬FF8+‫א‬vFFZ
 KL9 rc‫(א‬.V‫א‬p1l–1WJ J$&1(-;
$+‫א‬$%‫†א‬8+‫ وא‬X‫א‬



h)‚‫;
א‬b

5
†‫
א‬W
5
[(.FV‫א‬JF DF%7+‫א‬$Fp‫א‬NF-;‫ل‬PFT‫א‬DFW9F- WF X‫א‬DpFz‫א‬#YZ
iFbF`‚:F‫ذ‬$‫و‬،#Z‫م‬%z‫א‬$$_ 5s~‫ن‬2M$%H3 ™ ‫א‬W
 K‫د‬$!‫א‬Dpz‫א‬-RJ e‫[א‬Hl$J -KHˆ
 KV‫ 
م‬X‫א‬J L9Z‫א&د‬J;*‫א‬¢w Dpz‫א‬-R'‘N-;$r‫وزعא‬
 

٤٨




wƒ‫س
אل
א‬7
W
+‚
[FFl
‫م‬FFeFF‫'א‬FF eFF $FF$_ 5FFs‫אא‬FF%z‫א‬HFF W5PFF$FF%
$FF$d‫م‬$FF;‫–و‬71FFV 5FFsFFM
[%71FF‫و‬،eFF‫[א‬M(.FFV‫ א‬1FFW
 K X‫א‬



(Šg‫
א‬M(C5
D*5
Zg‫
](
א‬W
^
™8PFib(p‫א‬$‫א‬e‫אא‬a2‫ل‬7‫א‬Å9- T‫א‬l X‫א‬Dpz‫א‬H.ª
J :‫وذ‬،µ‫(א‬% L9 ‫א‬J ‫א‬$%g–eV‫لא‬lJ 3-+‫قא‬%W-RJ
‫
ن‬JF3˜‫و‬،M‫אز‬F F‫و‬F#‫א‬F H3F FZ‫عذא‬F‫א‬JF  XFZDpz‫אو‬o‫ل‬l
JF ‫و‬،O‫&د‬FV‫א‬FD8FJF F :‫
ن&ق[ذ‬J3˜‫و‬،n‫ א‬. :‫دذ‬$ˆ
 KJ$&1(-n‫א‬1‫دא‬$;‫}אد‬ibV
LF-‫
وא‬7PF‫
وא‬n‫א‬1F‫عא‬FY[ XF DpFz‫א‬F-R$W
‫م‬W:‫لذ‬.
FF(% eFF‫[א‬L9FF
NFF-;‫ل‬PFFT‫א‬FFl#FFYFF”
،FF n‫א‬FFFF;O$FF+
 K(p‫دא‬3o™8PibµV‫א‬
eF‫א‬$F%;HFrXZa2‫دא‬F‫א‬F(p‫א‬$‫א‬eF+‫א‬lDW%z‫א‬H W™˜‫و‬
F*&K[PFbHF.( :F- JF;#FoDFW‫”ن‬F
‫؛‬LFzJF ‫و‬،‫אل‬F
eoeN-;
 Ke‫א‬



(‫
א‬X,'M;
)‫(
א‬K;‫
א‬W
‫ א‬Y/
LGF8; M(.FV‫א‬$Fp‫א‬F3-+‫قא‬F%WF-R‫و‬DpFz‫א‬F-RJF HeD71
 K9
(.1+‫لא‬r ‫[א‬poPPW‫ن‬3-˜



 ;
=/g‫(
א‬-†‫
א‬W
/
8‫د‬z‫א‬
O$F%‫א‬HF eF‹‫و‬،nF ‫א}א‬F9-;‫قو‬F%WF‹F8;‫א‬P^ e‫('א‬Z
FF ‫ل‬FFr
[#FF%%T‫(א‬.FF9$FF‫אل‬FF ‫دא‬PFF JFF vFFe ‫}א‬FF!‫א‬F`ZNFF-;
،‫دق‬F
‫و‬n$Fr‫و [و‬n `‫אسو‬$ 2[e+eH` ‫א‬H]‫(א‬.‫א‬
 K XZn $le‫א‬9
‫م‬$%Zœ‫א‬n;Y%‫א‬He:h ;‫ א‬KKKH%neo‫و‬



‫س
אل‬7
e
wƒ‫
א
א‬W
/
4‫א‬
:F‫وذ‬KF(‫–א‬1FWNF-;‫دא‬F(;‫א‬F*&\‫([א‬G1F+‫†א‬F8+‫אא‬$F% –1FW‫א‬L
F8]‫
ن‬iFW،‫( א‬FV‫א‬iFWJF FJ {+‫وא‬J {+‫(} א א‬Z¦Y‫א‬
hFG#<F%Z‫و‬،F.e
‫
و‬F ;JF;NFW‫م‬F;O,F
JF $Fª‫د‬F%; X‫א‬Dpz‫و‬L*

٤٩
eFF‫ ´א‬FZœF‫א‬F‫א‬#F-;tF&T‫א‬D1FF‫א‬ ‫א‬$FG
J(F|JF ‫ن‬F3‫
ن‬Frc‫א‬
 KE١FH(
O‫ [زد‬X‫א‬%z‫و‬H TDT‫א‬#YZO$‫}א‬+‫א‬e+‫ذجא‬y‫؛
”ن‬LzJ ‫و‬
Lœ‫(א‬.V‫א‬n‫א‬$W‫א‬L‫
س‬#-;W(+‫}אא‬+‫نא‬3Zibe
 E٢FW9
‫(א אل‬.‫א‬
n
‫و‬PF ‫و‬$|J {+ ‫א‬Yc‫&א‬-3Z9`‫א‬+‫ط‬1 ‫א‬J  81jPšL E١
Ke‫א‬
K(.‫א‬n‫א‬$W‫([و‬.#8‫`א!}א‬ E٢
F%z‫א‬F(F 81‫
سא‬#-;9
´1HeJ (.`+‫†א‬-8+‫دא‬$7 E٣
،(.‫א‬n‫א‬$W‫([و‬.V‫א‬L‫و‬،‫ط‬1 ‫دא‬$;‫و‬
Ke‫א‬u 
‫و‬n
‫و‬P ‫و‬Yc‫&א‬-3ZYw(.V‫א‬$p e‫&žא‬ E٤
[ƒ  wFF‫'א‬FF FF9(ƒwFFZ‫ل‬FFr
[
 (.FFV‫א‬#FF2FF%z-‫ن‬FF3+‫א‬#]FFWV‫א‬FF` E٥
‫ق
و‬%7FV‫
وא‬OF
‫א‬W[‫א‬Dpz‫א‬hG9 $%Zœ‫}אא‬+‫دא‬$7Z‫و‬، ‫א‬
F 9
(.1FF+‫لא‬FFr ‫א‬LFFFF 81FF‫ [א‬XFF‫†א‬FF-8 –FF|‫س‬FF
#FF-;&PFF‫א‬
ƒwF‫لא‬$F 81F $F%‫א‬9 $F%œF‫א‬F‫}א‬+‫ƒא‬wFZ‫و‬،#]WV‫(א‬#2#]WV‫א‬
FFF-(;‰pFFFFFF3ZFFF%Y‫א‬hFFFG‫و‬K#]FFFWV‫א‬FFF9
(.1FFF+‫لא‬FFFr ‫א‬FFF([
#FFFµ
‫وא‬،FFF%z‫–א‬1FFFT(.FFF‫دא‬FFFMhFFF‫א‬M‫אد‬FFF‫א‬FFF98`[(.FFFV‫א‬
 K9 ‫אא‬Ãœ‫א‬L%‫א‬J;‫ق‬1‫ل[א‬r ‫א‬hGL‫&ع‬Z‫א‬J;Ôo‫א‬
–1FFTO‫א‬,FF+‫(א‬.FFV‫א‬n‫א‬$FFW‫א‬FF(‫س‬FF
#F -; XFF‫†א‬FF-8 FF(‫د‬$FF7Z E٦
 K%z‫א‬



‫
א‬AC,‫
א‬e
T‫
א‬/‫א‬C5
\K‫אم
א‬g‫
א‬W
/
F4‫א‬
5FF_Z،‫د‬FF%-O$1FF&+‫א‬FF9!‫وא‬،FFw‫وא‬،FF ‫א‬5FFd(FFV:FF‫ذ‬H8FF[
&Fr‫
و‬r+‫א‬n $c‫
ƒא‬ZN-;‫ص‬T‫وא‬،J3
 $%n<ZL$%Ze‫א‬
eFFF‫א‬FFF9
„(GFFFœFFF‫א‬n1FFF{+‫لא‬FFFlJFFF J$&1FFF(- FFFw‫وא‬FFF9_-FFF

 ‫א‬$FFFG
eFFF‫א‬DFFF%:hFFF ‫و‬،n $FFFl$FFF‫}و‬ZnFFF&Z‫א‬FFF9 n$FFF%;‫
و‬،(.FFF‫א‬
n‫א‬1F‫א‬uFr2‫و‬،LF-‫وא‬7PF‫[א‬F XZn $FlJF ‫ن‬F8s ƒ
 J$&1+‫א‬
 K9Z‫(א‬.V‫&{א‬ewZJ(<Z‫و‬،¸‫א‬KKKK

 K١٣٠، X‫א‬Dpz‫و‬N-;D8Y ‰+‫א‬Yz$71 n_Z‫א‬,‫א‬،E٢٠٠٣F‫د‬،$(K E١F

 K١٣٩ J١٣٨، X‫א‬Dpz‫و‬N-;D8Y ‰+‫א‬Yz$71 n_Z‫א‬,‫א‬،E٢٠٠٣F‫د‬،$(K E٢F

٥٠
'
F+‫وא‬،F;
$+‫א‬F$%‫طא‬1F ‫א‬F F J$&1F+‫'א‬F F|‫و‬+‫א‬LFZ‫؛‬LFzJ ‫و‬
 K$%‫†א‬8+‫وא‬،L‹ $%+‫א‬



M4g‫א)
א‬/
_
r
(+(‫
א‬T[‫
א‬W
/
y5‫א א‬
(FV X‫א‬Dpz‫אو‬oJ;L9&Z$  X‫א‬eoJ J$&1+‫قא‬%7‫א‬
eF‫א‬n‫(א‬.‫لא‬r
[eo‫א‬78r
L9eN-;‫م‬%-p‫ א‬X‫[ א ‰א‬
 Ki-- 9
9PpPlJ  (‹L9X L9 e‫لא‬Wrl



!"‫
وא‬s5 ‫
א‬e
‫
א!وא‬W
/
6"‫א‬
،DpFFz‫و‬FF-ReFF‫א‬FF*&K[(G1FF+‫'א‬FF‘NFF-;‫زع‬FFZO1FFc‫لא‬FFW[
 K(.V‫[א\&*א‬L9 He81 3- ‫ق‬%W‫و‬



(,-‫
א‬W
/
‫א!دس‬
eFFF‫א‬n‫(א‬.FFF‫'א‬FFF(!#FFF%%T‫א‬¢<FFF‫א‬LFFFFFFp9‫&א‬PFFF‫لא‬FFFW[
F3- J 81‫א‬$%gHebn -Y+‫א‬LPl$ ¢p&‫وزعא‬،9%W&‫وא‬
 K*&\‫א‬
F-R‫ج‬FlJF eF‫א‬JF J$&1(-n ‫}א‬V‫؛
”ن‘'א‬O1c‫لא‬W[‫و‬
V2(G1FF+‫א‬a2‫ل‬FF%V‫א‬LFFV‫אאو‬$FF ‫א‬L9FF%bFF
‫א‬LFF.FF J<FF+eDpFFz‫א‬
 KL9%W&P
‫ل‬F7~JF ‫
م‬،F3- ‫ق‬%W-Ra2‫ل‬J L9 ‫א‬Dpz‫א‬-RH 
 K‫
אل‬eo[3-+‫قא‬%W-R' eo‘LG8;



\(ƒ‫
א‬c(K^
W
/
y5!‫א‬
‫م‬FF‫א‬M(.FFV‫–א‬1FFT‫א‬JFF O‫אدא‬FF`
FF9
FFgHwFF‫א‬n
‫و‬PFF LPFFš
‫ƒא‬FF`
eFF‫א‬O‫دא‬2FF8;‫وא‬،‫אل‬FF
eFFo[eFFo'FF(!‫
نא‬FF8; FF*&7(-
™ FF‫א‬JFF 81FFO‫'دא‬FF|Z‫ز
ن‬FF`‫ن‬2‫و‬،™ FF‫א‬JFF 81FFVOFF` ‫א‬$FFp;D71FFFFrl
 KO‫אدא‬O&3‫`&}א‬
OF8;FGO‫אدא‬F-)<;
hlXMh‫لא‬+‫ <  نא‬e‫א‬hG$ZV‫و‬
HFF % ‫ون‬hFFlX
‫א‬FF` ‫א‬FF .g‫א‬FF3
،™ FF‫א‬JFF ًF  ً‫}א‬FF`FF‫و‬FF 5FFZ‫א‬JFF;
 K:‫ذ‬$ O1c‫א ™وא‬51ˆ‫و‬KeoL93Ve‫א‬O‫دא‬2[LG$9`


)!"‫
א*
א‬#$
~-$
W
/
_4‫א‬
F-R™F –1FWJ (.‫‚]א‬jP^(e™ ‫א‬J 81jPšJ3˜
F9`‫א‬+‫م‬$^1F‫و‬،DpFz‫א‬F-R–1FWJF V‫ن‬F(p‫دא‬eoLG8; 3-+‫قא‬%W
 Kp9‫&א‬P‫لא‬W3-+‫قא‬%W-(brc‫א‬p1c‫א‬

٥١



(K;‫ق
א‬C.
;b
~-.
W
/
y‫א‬
،iFF-FF- FF FF(FF‹eFF‫(ً[א‬9FF
‫ن‬FF3-˜FF3-+‫قא‬FF%WFF-R
‫א‬$FF%+ 1FFlFF9 DFF7-‫و‬،(.FFV‫عא‬FF()JFF FF3-ªFF 81FF pFFoFFbD71FFZ
uFF  ‫א‬:FF‫[ذ‬FFgFF%WHFF3FFp L91FF‫'א‬pFF vFF‫و‬،‫אول‬$FF-FF- #FFG‫و‬،FFZ‫ذא‬
 Kp9‫&א‬P‫لא‬WO1c‫‚]א‬9`‫א‬+O}_\‫א‬



‫
ذج
א‬h[‫\
و‬M‫

Œ(
א‬J٨
J٣
 XFFFZeFFFoFFFXFFF‫ند‬FFF- FFF3-+‫قא‬FFF%WFFF-R‫م‬$FFF‫؛‬#FFF%8YZ‫ل‬FFF.
F‫ند‬F- 9$FHPFeF‫ض
نא‬,&F‫و‬،O$F‫}א‬+‫א‬e+‫ذجא‬yD
‫ و‬2
 KDpz‫א‬-R-PW
eFFo‫س‬FF
NFF-;(.FF‫א‬FF*&K[FF‫د‬#FF- M
W†FF8+‫א‬-PFFW'FF|Z
 KO1l‫و‬b‫
אل‬
 K‫–א\&*אم‬1WJ e‫א‬O‫دא‬2`
:‫[ذ‬gHw‫א‬3ZLPš
L1F%،F‫ند‬F- PFFb„%%Wn
‫و‬P+‫א‬LPl$ *&\‫و&ض
نא‬
‫ق‬F%WF-R‫א‬hFe‫و‬،‫ن‬F- 'F NF-;Dpz‫א‬-RHPˆib*&\ (G1+‫א‬N-;
 K3-+‫א‬
 K
p(1ZW†- J$&1(- $%+‫ א‬X‫א‬n $c‫א‬-e‫ض
ن‬,&‫و‬
ZDFFFF%7+‫ ™א‬FFFF‫אא‬$FFFF% H‫ل‬FFFF+‫
سא‬ZFFFF3-+‫قא‬FFFF%WFFFF-R(.FFFF‫א‬$FFFFr
 ٪٢٥Z™ 81 ١{٢٥٠{٠٠٠
F X‫א‬n $Fc‫א‬F-e–™ ‫אא‬$% H‫ط‬1 ‫א‬ZDpz‫א‬-R(.‫א‬$r
 ٪٣٥Z™ 81 ٣٥٠{٠٠٠Z٩٠٠{٠٠٠–٢٥٠{٠٠٠H١{٠٠٠{٠٠٠Z
$FF$d‫م‬$FF;‫ن
אد‬2M(.FF‫א‬$FFpeY1FFFF(JFF ٪٣٥DpFFz‫א‬FF-R‫د‬,1FF
 K‫مدم‬%z‫دא‬$mJ –1WN-;$%ZW[،%z‫א‬
FF%z‫א‬HFF WNFFY#FF ‫مא‬FF*‫[א‬FF9-;DFF&n‫א‬FFJFF ‫د‬$FF;‫و‬FF $FF ‫و‬
F(% L9F
FlDFW‫ل‬FlJF KF(p‫(دא‬.F‫א‬jPFWa2eF H7c‫א‬
 KµV‫א‬
-PFFWJFF FF¦FF XZn $FFlNFF-;‫ن‬-PFFˆJ$&1FF+‫”نא‬FF
،-PFF\‫و[א‬
 K3- jPW9
L‹ ‫ل‬r
n‫(א‬.‫א‬
„FF&Z‫وא‬،n‫(א‬.FFV‫„א‬FF(e‫א‬ZJ }FF‫א‬vFF;(.FFV‫א‬FF-(‫ „א‬$FF%ZFF(-e‫و‬
 K X‫א‬n $l3ZYw -Y+‫א‬%%\‫א‬$p‫אא‬

٥٢
‫ذ‬2‫؛‬FF&„FF FF(eFF%%WFF ‫ل‬FFr
[eFF‫א‬n‫(א‬.FF‫}א‬FFeZHFFt[‫و‬
O$F;JF3ZNF-;HF(:F‫؛
”نذ‬J3
 $%‫א‬n<‫א‬ re‫א‬5_Z
FF
eFFYw#FF&3ZHFF ‫؛‬FF ƒFFsp1FFlM
‫ص‬PFF ‫א‬NFF-;O‫د‬FFFF (.FF‫א‬
F_F+‫لא‬Fr ‫א‬F
[(‫א‬N-;‫א;(دא‬p9‫&א‬P‫א‬W[NWn ‫}א‬V‫א‬
 KM‫د‬PV‫א‬H(‫א‬Y
 

٥٣
  ‰p‫א‬
 W‫‰א‬p‫א‬a2iW8‫א‬HrZ‫و|אن‬S‫א‬J D

FF‫א‬FFrZNFF-;# FF‫ א‬XFF‫[א‬O$FF‫}א‬+‫א‬eFF+‫ذجא‬FFy‫م‬FF%WV‫
و‬
‫אل‬F
eFo[eF+‫א‬O$F;NF-;F3-+‫قא‬F%WF-R‫و‬DpFz‫א‬F-R $‫א‬
،‫ل‬F+‫
سא‬3- ‫
س‬N-;n‫(א‬.V‫[א‬PO1c‫א ™وא‬9
‫(ن‬G1+‫א‬H(7
‫ز
ن‬FF`‫ن‬2‫و‬،™ F‫א‬JFF 81FVOF` ‫א‬$FFp;D71FFrl‫ƒא‬FF`
eF‫א‬O‫دא‬2F8;‫وא‬
 KO‫אدא‬O&3‫א ™`&}א‬J 81O‫|'دא‬Z
 XF‫א‬eFo‫ن‬Fe‫س‬F
NF-; XF‫א‬n;Yn $lYwZ3 2Wz
،L9FF;<FF‫'א‬FF
‫و‬FF(‫א‬nFF`WFF8-Za2 $FF9ZFF‫و‬Z‫אل‬FF
eFFo FF‫א‬
[OvFF+‫وא‬LFF‹O‫د‬PFF%+‫
'א‬FF+‫دא‬FFm2HFF&3FFgLG‫د‬$FF9ZœFF‫א‬FFYl ‫א‬JFF L9FFR‫و‬
 K{&eM‫د‬P‫א‬H3 9Z‫
وزد‬# ‫א'א‬
،(.FV‫א‬eF‫א‬F*&K‫ل‬Fµ
[ PPW X‫א‬Dpz‫و‬H.ªW.z
vF;#‫א‬F H3F O‫א‬,F+‫ א‬X‫א‬Dpz‫و‬$‫}א‬8Z$‫א}א‬- % PZe #G‫و‬
 Kn‫א‬1‫א‬
n 1FT‫א‬F(p‫”;ن‬F MFH3F p1Fc‫وא‬uF  ‫א‬JF;8F\‫א‬LZW ‫א‬
FF(3W<FF<Z(.FFV‫لא‬FFr ‫א‬¢<FFZLFF‫و‬،FF FFHFFeFF9[FF c‫א‬
1FFZ‫ و‬FF‫א‬8FF\‫ƒא‬FF ‫و‬FF9+‫א‬8FF\‫א‬$FF;‫א‬%‫א‬NFF-;eFF‫א‬FF
$FF(Z
 K(.‫אد‬L%‫א‬$%Z‫[)ل‬Ovc‫א‬n8
F;
$+‫א‬F$%‫א‬n<‫†א‬8 ‫ و‬X‫א‬n $c‫א‬3Z$%ZLW1 l
[™PFF‫אذنא‬O$FF;DFF
‫و‬DpFFz‫א‬FF-(b‫ص‬FFc‫א‬M(.FFV‫–א‬1FFWNFF-;J$&1FF(-
LPFš‫
ن‬NF-;،‫אل‬F ‫א‬eFo[Fµ
J }`e‫א‬$W
‫دאد‬,‫אزא‬Q$%‫א‬
 Ke‫[א‬e 81[rJ
FFF3ZJFFF DpFFFz‫א‬FFF-R(.FFF‫–א‬1FFFWNFFF-;O$FFF%+‫†א‬FFF8+‫א‬vFFFZWFFF‫د‬
(.FFV‫א‬p1FFl–1FFWJFF J$&1FF(-FF;
$+‫א‬FF$%‫†א‬FF8+‫وא‬FF X‫א‬n $FFc‫א‬
 KL9 rc‫א‬
JFFF DFFF%7+‫א‬$FFFp‫א‬NFFF-;‫ل‬PFFFT‫א‬DFFFW9FFF- WFFF X‫א‬DpFFFz‫א‬#FFFYZW FFF
:F‫ذ‬$F‫و‬،#FZ‫م‬FF%z‫א‬$F$_ 5Fs~‫ن‬2M$F%H3F ™ F‫א‬W[(.V‫א‬
 K‫د‬$!‫א‬Dpz‫א‬-RJ e‫[א‬Hl$J -KHˆib`‚

٥٤
Fl
‫م‬FeF‫'א‬F eF $$_ 5s‫אא‬%z‫א‬H W5P$%W z
$F$d‫م‬$F;‫–و‬71FV 5FsFM
[%71‫و‬،e‫[א‬M(.V‫ א‬1W[
 K X‫א‬
eFF a2eFF‫[א‬eFF HFF7 ‫א‬FFl9FF- WDpFFz‫א‬#FFYZWFFZ
FF(% L9FF ‫א‬JFF ‫א‬$FF%g–FFeV‫لא‬FFlJFF FF3-+‫قא‬FF%WFF-Ra2‫ل‬FF%V FF(p‫دא‬
 K X‫א‬%z‫و‬$%;[9-;‫ص‬P 9-;D&  ‫ز‬O$ #< $ µ‫א‬
M(.FFV‫א‬$FFp‫א‬FF3-+‫قא‬FF%WFF-R‫و‬DpFFz‫א‬FF-RJFF HFFeD71FFW‫א‬FFo;
 K9
(.1+‫لא‬r ‫[א‬PPW‫ن‬3-˜LG8;
(.FF9$FF‫אل‬FF ‫دא‬P
 F JFF vFFe ‫}א‬FF!‫א‬eFF‫א‬FF`ZWFF;M‫د‬FFW
nFF `‫אسو‬$FF FF2[eFF+eHFF` ‫א‬HFF]‫(א‬.FF‫א‬FF ‫ل‬FFr
[#FF%%T‫א‬
F9
‫م‬$%Zœ‫א‬n;Y%‫א‬He:h ;‫ א‬KKKH%neo‫و‬،‫و
دق‬n$r‫و [و‬
 K XZn $le‫א‬
–1FFWNFF-;‫دא‬FF(;‫א‬FF*&\‫([א‬G1FF+‫†א‬FF8+‫אא‬$FF% –1FFW‫א‬LFFWFF;#FFz
 K(‫א‬
ƒ
FFFZNFFF-;‫ص‬FFFT‫وא‬،JFFF3
FFF FFF$%n<FFFZL$FFF%Z5FFFdWFFF;iFFFz
‫
و‬،(.FF‫א‬eFF‫א‬FF9
„(GFFœFF‫א‬n1FF{+‫لא‬FFlJFF J$&1FF(-n $FFc‫א‬
F ƒ
F J$&1F+‫א‬ ‫א‬$G
e‫א‬D%:h ‫و‬،n $l$‫}و‬Zn&Z‫א‬9 n$%;
J(<FFFZ‫و‬،¸‫א‬KKKKn‫א‬1FFF‫א‬uFFFr2‫و‬،LFFF-‫وא‬7PFFF‫[א‬FFF XZn $FFFlJFFF ‫ن‬FFF8s
 K9Z‫(א‬.V‫&{א‬ewZ
DpFz‫אو‬FoJF;L9&FZ$F  XF‫א‬eFoJF J$&1F+‫قא‬%7F‫א‬W;' ‫א‬
‫ل‬FFr
[eFFo‫א‬78FFr
L9FFeNFF-;‫م‬FF%FF-p‫ א‬XFF‫א ‰א‬FF [(FFV XFF‫א‬
F- F9
9PFpPlJF F F(F‹L9X L9 e‫لא‬Wrle‫א‬n‫(א‬.‫א‬
 Ki-
eFF‫א‬FF*&K[(G1FF+‫'א‬FF‘NFF-;‫زع‬FFZO1FFc‫لא‬FFW[WFF; FFl
 K(.V‫[א\&*א‬L9 He81 3- ‫ق‬%W‫و‬،Dpz‫و‬-R
n‫(א‬.F‫'א‬F(!#F%%T‫א‬¢<F‫א‬LFFp9‫&א‬PF‫لא‬FW[W;‫دس‬
81F‫א‬$F%gHFeFbnF -Y+‫א‬LPFl$ ¢p&‫وزعא‬،9%W&‫وא‬e‫א‬
 K*&\‫א‬3- J

٥٥
JF eF‫א‬JF J$&1F(-nF ‫}א‬V‫؛
”ن‘'א‬O1c‫لא‬W[W;' 
a2‫ل‬FF%V‫א‬LFFV‫אאو‬$FF ‫א‬L9FF%bFF
‫א‬LFF.FF J<FF+eDpFFz‫א‬FF-R‫ج‬FFl
 KL9%W&P V2(G1+‫א‬
‫
م‬،F3- ‫ق‬F%WF-Ra2‫ل‬FJF L9F ‫א‬Dpz‫א‬-RH W;J z
 K‫
אل‬eo[3-+‫قא‬%W-R' eo‘LG8; ‫ل‬7~J
–1FFFT‫א‬JFFF O‫אدא‬FFF`
FFF9
FFFgHwFFF‫א‬n
‫و‬PFFF LPFFFšWFFF;'FFFZ
™ F‫א‬51Fˆ‫و‬،‫אل‬F
eFo[eFo'F(!‫
نא‬F8; F*&7(-‫אم‬M(.V‫א‬
 K:‫ذ‬$ O1c‫وא‬
–1FWJF (.F‫‚]א‬jP^(e™ ‫א‬J 81jPšJ3˜W‫;ون‬
‫م‬$^1F‫و‬،DpFz‫א‬-R–1WJ V‫(ن‬p‫دא‬eoLG8; 3-+‫قא‬%W-R™ 
 Kp9‫&א‬P‫لא‬W3-+‫قא‬%W-(brc‫א‬p1c‫א‬9`‫א‬+
F (‹e‫(ً[א‬9
‫ن‬3-˜3-+‫قא‬%W-RW‫وאون‬M‫د‬T‫א‬
F9 DF7-‫و‬،(.FV‫عא‬F()JF F3-ªF 81F pFoFbD71FZ،iF-- 
:F‫[ذ‬FgF%WH3p L91‫'א‬p v‫و‬،‫אول‬$-- #G‫و‬،Z‫אذא‬$%+ 1l
 Kp9‫&א‬P‫لא‬WO1c‫‚]א‬9`‫א‬+O}_\‫א‬u  ‫א‬
 

٥٦


‫ א‬E
‫ وع‬
 
:F‫؛وذ‬# F‫ א‬XF‫א‬O‫دא‬O$F‫}א‬+‫א‬eF+‫ذجא‬Fy‫א§(' ;(د‬#r
 W#‫א‬7‫א‬N-;
FF‫א‬FFrZNFF-;# FF‫ א‬XFF‫[א‬O$FF‫}א‬+‫א‬eFF+‫ذجא‬FFy‫م‬FF%WV‫
و‬
‫אل‬F
eFo[eF+‫א‬O$F;NF-;F3-+‫قא‬F%WF-R‫و‬DpFz‫א‬F-R $‫א‬
،‫ل‬F+‫
سא‬3- ‫
س‬N-;n‫(א‬.V‫[א‬PO1c‫א ™وא‬9
‫(ن‬G1+‫א‬H(7
‫ز
ن‬FF`‫ن‬2‫و‬،™ F‫א‬JFF 81FVOF` ‫א‬$FFp;D71FFrl‫ƒא‬FF`
eF‫א‬O‫دא‬2F8;‫وא‬
 KO‫אدא‬O&3‫א ™`&}א‬J 81O‫|'دא‬Z
 XF‫א‬eFo‫ن‬Fe‫س‬F
NF-; XF‫א‬n;Yn $lYwZ3 2Wz
،L9FF;<FF‫'א‬FF
‫و‬FF(‫א‬nFF`WFF8-Za2 $FF9ZFF‫و‬Z‫אل‬FF
eFFo FF‫א‬
[OvFF+‫وא‬LFF‹O‫د‬PFF%+‫
'א‬FF+‫دא‬FFm2HFF&3FFgLG‫د‬$FF9ZœFF‫א‬FFYl ‫א‬JFF L9FFR‫و‬
 K{&eM‫د‬P‫א‬H3 9Z‫
وزد‬# ‫א'א‬
،(.FV‫א‬eF‫א‬F*&K‫ل‬Fµ
[ PPW X‫א‬Dpz‫و‬H.ªW.z
vF;#‫א‬F H3F O‫א‬,F+‫ א‬X‫א‬Dpz‫و‬$‫}א‬8Z$‫א}א‬- % PZe #G‫و‬
 Kn‫א‬1‫א‬
n 1FT‫א‬F(p‫”;ن‬F MFH3F p1Fc‫وא‬uF  ‫א‬JF;8F\‫א‬LZW ‫א‬
FF(3W<FF<Z(.FFV‫لא‬FFr ‫א‬¢<FFZLFF‫و‬،FF FFHFFeFF9[FF c‫א‬
1FFZ‫ و‬FF‫א‬8FF\‫ƒא‬FF ‫و‬FF9+‫א‬8FF\‫א‬$FF;‫א‬%‫א‬NFF-;eFF‫א‬FF
$FF(Z
 K(.‫אد‬L%‫א‬$%Z‫[)ل‬Ovc‫א‬n8
F;
$+‫א‬F$%‫א‬n<‫†א‬8 ‫ و‬X‫א‬n $c‫א‬3Z$%ZLW1 l
[™PFF‫אذنא‬O$FF;DFF
‫و‬DpFFz‫א‬FF-(b‫ص‬FFc‫א‬M(.FFV‫–א‬1FFWNFF-;J$&1FF(-
LPFš‫
ن‬NF-;،‫אل‬F ‫א‬eFo[Fµ
J }`e‫א‬$W
‫دאد‬,‫אزא‬Q$%‫א‬
 Ke‫[א‬e 81[rJ
FFF3ZJFFF DpFFFz‫א‬FFF-R(.FFF‫–א‬1FFFWNFFF-;O$FFF%+‫†א‬FFF8+‫א‬vFFFZWFFF‫د‬
(.FFV‫א‬p1FFl–1FFWJFF J$&1FF(-FF;
$+‫א‬FF$%‫†א‬FF8+‫وא‬FF X‫א‬n $FFc‫א‬
 KL9 rc‫א‬
JFFF DFFF%7+‫א‬$FFFp‫א‬NFFF-;‫ل‬PFFFT‫א‬DFFFW9FFF- WFFF X‫א‬DpFFFz‫א‬#FFFYZW FFF
:F‫ذ‬$F‫و‬،#FZ‫م‬FF%z‫א‬$F$_ 5Fs~‫ن‬2M$F%H3F ™ F‫א‬W[(.V‫א‬
 K‫د‬$!‫א‬Dpz‫א‬-RJ e‫[א‬Hl$J -KHˆib`‚

٥٧
Fl
‫م‬FeF‫'א‬F eF $$_ 5s‫אא‬%z‫א‬H W5P$%W z
$F$d‫م‬$F;‫–و‬71FV 5FsFM
[%71‫و‬،e‫[א‬M(.V‫ א‬1W[
 K X‫א‬
eFF a2eFF‫[א‬eFF HFF7 ‫א‬FFl9FF- WDpFFz‫א‬#FFYZWFFZ
FF(% L9FF ‫א‬JFF ‫א‬$FF%g–FFeV‫لא‬FFlJFF FF3-+‫قא‬FF%WFF-Ra2‫ل‬FF%V FF(p‫دא‬
 K X‫א‬%z‫و‬$%;[9-;‫ص‬P 9-;D&  ‫ز‬O$ #< $ µ‫א‬
M(.FFV‫א‬$FFp‫א‬FF3-+‫قא‬FF%WFF-R‫و‬DpFFz‫א‬FF-RJFF HFFeD71FFW‫א‬FFo;
 K9
(.1+‫لא‬r ‫[א‬PPW‫ن‬3-˜LG8;
(.FF9$FF‫אل‬FF ‫دא‬PFF JFF vFFe ‫}א‬FF!‫א‬eFF‫א‬FF`ZWFF;M‫د‬FFW
nFF `‫אسو‬$FF FF2[eFF+eHFF` ‫א‬HFF]‫(א‬.FF‫א‬FF ‫ل‬FFr
[#FF%%T‫א‬
F9
‫م‬$%Zœ‫א‬n;Y%‫א‬He:h ;‫ א‬KKKH%neo‫و‬،‫و
دق‬n$r‫و [و‬
 K XZn $le‫א‬
–1FFWNFF-;‫دא‬FF(;‫א‬FF*&\‫([א‬G1FF+‫†א‬FF8+‫אא‬$FF% –1FFW‫א‬LFFWFF;#FFz
 K(‫א‬
ƒ
FFFZNFFF-;‫ص‬FFFT‫وא‬،JFF3
FFF FFF$%n<FFFZL$FFF%Z5FFFdWFFF;iFFFz
‫
و‬،(.FF‫א‬eFF‫א‬FF9
„(GFFœFF‫א‬n1FF{+‫لא‬FFlJFF J$&1FF(-n $FFc‫א‬
F ƒ
F J$&1F+‫א‬ ‫א‬$G
e‫א‬D%:h ‫و‬،n $l$‫}و‬Zn&Z‫א‬9 n$%;
J(<FFFZ‫و‬،¸‫א‬KKKKn‫א‬1FFF‫א‬uFFFr2‫و‬،LFFF-‫وא‬7PFFF‫[א‬FFF XZn $FFFlJFFF ‫ن‬FFF8s
 K9Z‫(א‬.V‫&{א‬ewZ
DpFz‫אو‬FoJF;L9&FZ$F  XF‫א‬eFoJF J$&1F+‫قא‬%7F‫א‬W;' ‫א‬
‫ل‬FFr
[eFFo‫א‬78FFr
L9FFeNFF-;‫م‬FF%FF-p‫ א‬XFF‫א ‰א‬FF [(FFV XFF‫א‬
F- F9
9PFpPlJF F F(F‹L9X L9 e‫لא‬Wrle‫א‬n‫(א‬.‫א‬
 Ki-
eFF‫א‬FF*&K[(G1FF+‫'א‬FF‘NFF-;‫زع‬FFZO1FFc‫لא‬FFW[WFF; FFl
 K(.V‫[א\&*א‬L9 He81 3- ‫ق‬%W‫و‬،Dpz‫و‬-R
n‫(א‬.F‫'א‬F(!#F%%T‫א‬¢<F‫א‬LFFp9‫&א‬PF‫لא‬FW[W;‫دس‬
81F‫א‬$F%gHFeFbnF -Y+‫א‬LPFl$ ¢p&‫وزعא‬،9%W&‫وא‬e‫א‬
 K*&\‫א‬3- J

٥٨
JF eF‫א‬JF J$&1F(-nF ‫}א‬V‫؛
”ن‘'א‬O1c‫لא‬W[W;' 
a2‫ل‬FF%V‫א‬LFFV‫אאو‬$FF ‫א‬L9FF%bFF
‫א‬LFF.FF J<FF+eDpFFz‫א‬FF-R‫ج‬FFl
 KL9%W&P V2(G1+‫א‬
‫
م‬،F3- ‫ق‬F%WF-Ra2‫ل‬FJF L9F ‫א‬Dpz‫א‬-RH W;J z
 K‫
אل‬eo[3-+‫قא‬%W-R' eo‘LG8; ‫ل‬7~J
–1FFFT‫א‬JFFF O‫אدא‬FFF`
FFF9
FFFgHwFFF‫א‬n
‫و‬PFFF LPFFFšWFFF;'FFFZ
™ F‫א‬51Fˆ‫و‬،‫אل‬F
eFo[eFo'F(!‫
نא‬F8; F*&7(-‫אم‬M(.V‫א‬
 K:‫ذ‬$ O1c‫وא‬
–1FWJF (.F‫‚]א‬jP^(e™ ‫א‬J 81jPšJ3˜W‫;ون‬
‫م‬$^1F‫و‬،DpFz‫א‬-R–1WJ V‫(ن‬p‫دא‬eoLG8; 3-+‫قא‬%W-R™ 
 Kp9‫&א‬P‫لא‬W3-+‫قא‬%W-(brc‫א‬p1c‫א‬9`‫א‬+
F (‹e
 ‫(ً[א‬9
‫ن‬3-˜3-+‫قא‬%W-RW‫وאون‬M‫د‬T‫א‬
F9 DF7-‫و‬،(.FV‫عא‬F()JF F3-ªF 81F pFoFbD71FZ،iF-- 
:F‫[ذ‬FgF%WH3p L91‫'א‬p v‫و‬،‫אول‬$-- #G‫و‬،Z‫אذא‬$%+ 1l
 Kp9‫&א‬P‫لא‬WO1c‫‚]א‬9`‫א‬+O}_\‫א‬u  ‫א‬
 

٥٩


‫د‬-‫
وא‬y@@@‫א א‬
 
،١‫ط‬،OGFF%‫א‬،5FF‫دאא‬،MFF^8‫™א‬7FFr،HFF;µ‫א‬JFF $FF(KWMFF^8‫ א‬E١
K‫م‬١٩٨٧
K3 ،%‫` 
مא‬،+‫א‬$‹‫א‬n$‫و‬+‫א‬8\‫א‬،#(%8‫ א‬E٢
‫د‬PFV‫ل א‬Fr
‫ن‬F [ ‫ون‬Fr+‫ א‬F9%&‫  א‬PF HFG،‫زאق‬F‫א‬$F8;،‫س‬F8- E٣
– O$F` – } F}‫ א‬$8; :-+‫`  א‬،# ‫د א‬PV‫ א‬6b
}e ،‫؟‬# ‫א‬
K‫د‬1‫ א  א‬3-(+‫א‬
‫ل‬FFFGWDFFF%،‫ع‬FFF‫א‬ÖFFF JFFF;‫ع‬FFF%‫א‬ FFFe،FFFJFFF PFFF W#ZFFF98‫ א‬E٤
K‫م‬١٩٨٢n‫ ƒو‬،3&‫_دאא‬#7-P
،'F‫وאوאز‬n‫א‬$- !‫א‬1{+‫א‬،M_‫نא‬F%‫א‬،‫(ن‬-W–‫ ذ‬E٥
 K1995n‫ ƒو‬
 K$o‫دאא‬،¶&T‫א‬L+‫א‬$8;D%،n&‫א‬،$(KJ #-;W#`!‫ א‬E٦
١‫ط‬،FFFF3&‫ ً_دאא‬WYFFFFr‫ًوא‬F FFw#FFFF9%&‫ سא‬FFFF%‫א‬،M$FFFFW5FFFF`FFFF
E٧
K‫م‬١٩٨٢
،n‫ƒو‬F ،F
+‫دאא‬،M^8‫™א‬7ruoM8‫
™א‬،#-;J $R‫א‬،_WJ ‫ א‬E٨
 K١٣٧٩
 K‫م‬١٩٩٢،١‫ط‬،N8§‫_دאא‬#9%&‫ سא‬%‫א‬،#; 1W E٩
FoW'F ‫ع‬F8Y ،PF ‫א‬Zuo^+‫א‬$‫א‬،#-;J $(KW#&3PT‫ א‬E١٠
 KJ$ ;J ‫א‬
F3&‫_دאא‬H-lP‚uH-!‫א‬5G‫ א‬،JR‫א‬$8;J $(KW–YT‫ א‬E١١
K‫م‬١٩٧٩n‫ ƒو‬
L1FF،# FF‫دא‬PFFV‫[א‬#FF(-‫א‬iFF78‫א‬nF Gd‫א‬،E٢٠٠٧F‫ل‬FF(e،–FFYW E١٢
 K$ 
،— ƒ‫` א‬،#  ‫دאא‬PV‫א‬
nF‫א‬$‫א‬$F9 ،‫م‬١٩٦٢،# F‫א‬%&‫[א‬ne‫א‬،&c‫א‬#-;W&c‫ א‬E١٣
 K‫א א‬
FF‫א‬1F{ ، F‫א‬F‫[א‬neFF‫א‬،n}F;}F}‫א‬$F8;W‫ط‬Fc‫ א‬E١٤
K‫م‬١٩٩٤،٤‫ط‬n‫ ƒو‬

٦٠
 Kn‫ ƒو‬،3&‫طدאא‬،ƒ83‫א‬u‫א‬N-;#$‫א‬oW،#$‫ א‬E١٥
،Fr+‫א‬L-1F+‫א‬F-)،# F‫دא‬PFV‫[א‬nF*‫א‬F ،E٢٠٠٣F#o،‫ د‬E١٦
OG%‫א‬،E٣F‫ع‬،r+‫א‬L-1+‫‘א‬
Kn‫ ƒو‬3&‫دאא‬،$9§‫אא‬$ ،$oJ ‫ א‬E١٧
FFF‫دאא‬،]FFF^+‫א‬O‫دא‬2[FFFG‫ودو‬FFF+‫א‬n%FFF+‫א‬،E٢٠٠٥FƒFFFµ،‫אن‬FFF| E١٨
KOG%‫א‬،E١F‫ط‬،n _-
،n‫ƒو‬FF ،FF3&‫دאא‬،‫ ج‬FF\‫א‬FF9،‫س‬FF8‫א‬#FF
$FF(KJ$FF‫א‬FF×W#FF- ‫ א‬E١٩
KFG١٤٠٤
‫دא‬،:F  ‫م‬FF ‫א‬XFF] NFF-;#FF}‫א‬uFFo،#FF8‫א‬$FF8;JFF $FF(KW#FF}‫ א‬E٢٠
K‫م‬١٩٩١،١‫ط‬،n‫ ƒو‬،(-‫א‬53‫א‬
_$FFR‫א‬DpFF
ƒ1FFZK‫د‬WDFF%،$FF;‫א‬%‫[א‬FF.+‫א‬،‫د‬FF9 JFF $FF(KW#FFe}‫ א‬E٢١
K‫م‬١٩٨٥٢‫ط‬،„3‫א‬، ‫وא{ونא‬ ‫א و‬O‫وزא‬
8FFFFF%‫ א‬O$FFFFF` ،;FFFFF‫ א‬FFFFF-3‹‫ א‬،FFFFFr ،n‫دא‬FFFFF‫ ز‬E٢٢
http://www.alqabas.com.kw/Final/NewspaperWebsite/New
KspapePublic/ArticlePage.aspx?ArticleID=337884
‫
م‬#‫و‬FFZ XFFZ5FFe+‫א‬# FF‫ א‬XFF‫א‬HFFG،E٢٠٠٩FLWFF‫א‬$FF8;،#Z;1FF‫ א‬E٢٣
K٢‫ع‬٢٢‫م‬،# ‫دא‬PV‫א‬W}}‫א‬$8;:-+‫` א‬-)،‫؟‬Md
Z‫`ز‬2[MP+‫א‬D
 W X‫[א‬n&‫و‬،E٢٠٠٩FLW‫א‬$8;،#Z;1‫ א‬E٢٤
 K٢‫ع‬٢٢‫م‬،# ‫دא‬PV‫א‬W}}‫א‬$8;:-+‫` א‬-)،M_‫ א‬X-
١‫ط‬،‫ن‬FF(;،FF-F
%.‫دאא‬FF83 ،MFF_‫نא‬FF%‫א‬،$F(KM‫ز‬FF
W# F E٢٥
K‫م‬١٩٩٩
K‫ط‬7‫;א‬r‫א و‬+‫א‬$‹‫א‬،8!‫א‬$8;،#981‫ א‬E٢٦
}e ،# ‫‰א‬9+‫[א‬n‫*א‬+‫א‬$‹‫;א‬r،E٢٠٠٠F# ،L- E٢٧
K‫אض‬،
P+‫א‬#7`‫אא‬eo678‫א‬
FF%‫א‬WFF‫א‬JFF ‫אل‬FF ‫א‬neFFo&PFFZ،E٢٠٠٦FJ$FF‫א‬#FFK،‫س‬-1FF‫ א‬E٢٨
Ku_‫` א‬،ƒ1` ،8\‫وא‬
F(-‫א‬n‫א‬F|K-1F-،# F‫دא‬PFV‫א‬FGF ،E٢٠٠٠FF(;$(K،‫ א‬o E٢٩
،O$F`،5$F‫وא‬6F78-# F‫א‬$F9+‫א‬،F(-# F‫א‬:8‫א‬O}pQJ}p&‫א‬
K(-# ‫א‬:8‫א‬

٦١
FFFZ%8YZ‫و‬O$_1FFF+‫'א‬pFFF-#FFF9%&‫א‬FFF3‫א‬،E٢٠٠٤F‫ن‬FFF(.;$FFF(K،ƒ8FFFo E٣٠
KD ‫د‬،L-%‫دאא‬،9%&‫א‬
$FF9+‫א‬،#-
FF3‫ א‬XFF‫وא‬FF‫א‬# FF*FF FF% ،E٢٠٠٨FFF،#-8FF‫ א‬E٣١
F‫دو‬، F‫و‬¥F ‫א‬F ‫وא‬F(-# F‫א‬:F8‫א‬،5$‫وא‬678-# ‫א‬
 K}g+‫[א! א א‬n$%;O‫و‬$،„3‫א‬
‫ج_دא‬FF9+‫א‬tFF&
#FF FF
 a2‫ج‬FF\‫¶א‬FFw ،5FFYc‫א‬$FF(KW¶ FF‫ א‬E٣٢
Kn‫ ƒو‬3&‫א‬
5FF3 WDFF%،‫_ع‬FFo#FF
tFF&
HFFW[‫ع‬FF‫א‬،5FFYc‫א‬$FF(KW¶ FF‫ א‬E٣٣
Kn‫ ƒو‬،3&‫_دאא‬n‫א‬$‫وא‬678‫א‬
6FFF78-# FFF‫א‬$FFF9+‫א‬، XFFF-#;FFF‫א‬H$FFF8‫א‬،E٢٠٠٨F$FFF(K،FFF‫ א‬E٣٤
O‫و‬$FF،„FF3‫א‬FF‫دو‬، FF‫و‬¥FF ‫א‬FF ‫وא‬FF(-# FF‫א‬:FF8‫א‬،5$FF‫وא‬
}g+‫[א! א א‬n$%;
Kn‫ ƒو‬،3&‫دאא‬،#
‫א مא‬%
[–h9+‫א‬،M‫ אƒאز‬E٣٥
ª{F+‫א‬، F‫ א‬XF‫א‬ne Fo[¶ XF‫א‬¢p&‫א‬،E٢٠٠٩F$R
،‫غ‬8P‫ א‬E٣٦
KD ‫د‬، ‫א‬+‫א‬n1{+‫وא‬ P(-' ‫אא‬
،‫م‬FF‫[א‬#1FF‫دא‬PFFFFW,% FF_9 ،E٢٠٠٩F$F R
LFF×،#%$FFr E٣٧
‫د‬PFFFV‫א‬6FFFb
}FFFe ،# FFF‫دא‬PFFFV‫א‬W} F F}‫א‬$FFF8;:FFF-+‫א‬FFF `FFF-)
E٢F‫ع‬،٢٢‫م‬،O$`،# ‫א‬
 FF‫א‬ PFF+‫א‬L9&FF ´8ZFFZFF+‫א‬FF$‹‫‰א‬pFF،E٢٠٠٧F‫ن‬FF(.;،ƒFF9t E٣٨
،HF FFF(‫دوא‬PFFFFF FFFFF‫א‬FFFFF+‫א‬FFFFF£‹‫א‬،FFFFFY‫وא‬iFFFFF78‫אعوא‬$FFFFF ‫א‬
 K http://www.iifef.com/node/318
،FF3&‫_دאא‬FF^+‫א‬$FF‫א‬NFF-;FF\‫دא‬،J$FF‫א‬FF;JFF $FF(KWJ$FF ;JFF ‫ א‬E٣٩
‫م‬١٩٦٦،٢‫ط‬n‫ ƒو‬
‫دא‬،F F9%&‫א‬tFFF& ‫وא‬n7-YPFFF+‫א‬LFFF_ ،JRFFF‫א‬$FFF8;‫د‬FFF(KWLFFF+‫א‬$FFF8; E٤٠
KOG%‫ א‬J-<&‫א‬
،FF(-‫א‬5FF3‫دאא‬،‫م‬FF ‫א‬¹PFF [‫م‬FF3W ‫א‬$FF;‫א‬،‫م‬1FF‫א‬$FF8;JFF }FF‫ א‬E٤١
 Kn‫ ƒو‬
،'F‫وאز‬F-
%.‫دאא‬83 ،M_‫نא‬%‫א‬،#-3‫;}}א‬W#-3‫ א‬E٤٢
K‫م‬١٩٩٧،‫;(ن‬

٦٢
 ،F-F(-‫אא‬$F‫א‬،#‫א‬F‫™א‬-PF‫مא
سوא‬3W
،E١٩٩٢F}};،#-3‫ א‬E٤٣
 K٩،‫א دن‬
 ‫م‬١٩٩٤،١‫ط‬،#‫א د‬ne‫نא‬uo،‫א(ش‬LG‫א א‬W‫ א(ش‬E٤٤
‫م‬١٩٧٠،n‫ ƒو‬،_‫א‬8Y ،_‫א‬ne‫א‬،$;‫دوא‬2W$; E٤٥
JF;ً$F FF‫لא‬FlJ #-
3‫ א‬X‫*مא‬،E٢٠٠٨F1‫א‬$8;،O$s
E٤٦
# F‫א‬:F8‫א‬،5$F‫وא‬678-# ‫א‬$9+‫א‬،E‫ع‬v‫لא}אمא‬lJ  X‫א‬
 F‫א‬F !‫[א‬n$F%;O‫و‬$F،„F3‫א‬F‫دو‬، F‫و‬¥F ‫א‬F ‫(وא‬-
 K}g+‫א‬
١‫ط‬،‫;(ن‬،-&r‫دא‬،_‫א‬ne‫א‬،Y-‫א‬$8;$R‫א‬WoYs E٤٧
 K‫م‬١٩٩٩،
١‫ط‬،HFFFFF!‫_دאא‬F FFFw-‫א‬FFFFF% LFFFFF_ ،‫س‬FFFFF
JFFFFF $FFFFFR‫א‬W‫س‬FFFFF
JFFFFF ‫ א‬E٤٨
K‫م‬١٩٩١
FF+ ‫א‬FF$‹‫א‬a2Hl$FF  FF‫א‬$FF%‫قא‬FFn‫
دوא‬،$FF(K#FF-;JRFF‫™א‬FF
E٤٩
#+‫(א‬.‫א‬: ،‫(א ;(ل‬Z‫و‬Y‫א‬O‫دא‬2، ‫א‬
#(-;ib، ‫(א אل[אא‬.‫وא‬H(‫א‬،J$‫مא‬1W،

E٥٠
١٣ J١٢FWDFF ‫د‬، FF‫א‬FF+‫א‬n1FF{+‫وא‬ PFF(-#FF.‫א‬ª{FF(-‫م‬$FF%
 E‫م‬٢٠٠٧‫ذא‬
٦‫ط‬FFF‫א‬1FFF{ _´FFF\‫ سא‬FFF%‫א‬،–FFF%JFFF $FFF(KWM‫د‬FFF ‫ƒوز‬FFF&‫ א‬E٥١
K‫م‬١٩٩٨
F3&‫_دאא‬HF8WJF $FR
‫م‬F ‫א‬F%
[¶Fw+‫א‬،$FR
JF S‫א‬$F8;WF ‫א‬$J ‫ א‬E٥٢
 K‫م‬١٩٨٥١‫ط‬،n‫ ƒو‬
،FFG١٤٠٨،١‫ط‬،n‫ ƒو‬،(-‫א‬53‫دאא‬،‫א&وق‬،‫د‬2J $R‫א‬W[‫א‬%‫ א‬E٥٣
KP H-lWD%
K%&‫لא‬r
[Oƒlh‫א‬W[‫א‬%‫ א‬E٥٤
$F8;:F-+‫א‬F `F-)، F‫א‬F+‫א‬$‹‫א‬،E‫م‬٢٠٠٧FL3‫א‬$8;،‫وز‬$ E٥٥
٢‫ع‬،٢٠‫م‬،# ‫دא‬P‫א‬W}}‫א‬
nFFFF_Z‫א‬,‫وא‬FFFF+‫א‬FFF ‫א ز‬،E٢٠٠٩F#‫א‬$FFF ،$FFFR
‫و‬،LFF3‫א‬$FFF8;،‫وز‬$FF E٥٦
FF+‫א‬Hp‫א‬$FF8‫وא‬FFG‫אא‬FF+‫א‬FF ‫א ز‬ª{FF ،FF  ‫א‬FFF+‫א‬nFFF_+‫א‬FFFYZ
 p‫א!}א‬،ً`‫ذ‬y# ‫[א‬P+‫
?א(ذجא‬P+‫وא‬

٦٣
–F3‫'_دאא‬p‫א‬F‫א‬5FZZ['pP‫'א‬p‫א‬$ ،‫د‬1 J 3 
W#3‫ א‬E٥٧
 K‫م‬١٩٨٢،٢‫ط‬n‫ ƒو‬،# ‫א‬
‫و‬-&r‫دא‬،M_‫نא‬%‫א‬°‫د‬8 ،‫ون‬l‫א`و‬eL-T‫א‬$8;W`‫א‬e E٥٨
K‫م‬٢٠٠١،٢‫ط‬،‫;(ن‬،'‫אز‬
Kn‫ ƒو‬،‫د‬r‫دא‬،v3‫وא‬$+‫א‬،
J : E٥٩
DpFFz‫و‬NFF-;D8YF ‰FF+‫א‬FYz$71FF n_Z‫א‬,F‫א‬،E٢٠٠٣FFF‫د‬،$F(K E٦٠
،n$FF7‫صوא‬FF&‫א‬#FF ‫א‬J]FF‫[א‬D1FF‫א‬،#FF.‫א‬#FF ‫א‬NFF%-+‫א‬، XFF‫א‬
 KW‫و‬$‫א‬
5GhFF NFF-; FFc‫א‬JFF ™`‫א‬FF‫א‬FF
 [ PFF‫א‬،‫(ن‬-FFJFF #FF-;WM‫دאو‬FF+‫ א‬E٦١
Kn‫ ƒو‬،6‫א‬,‫א‬W2‫_دא‬#%&‫א‬$ W$(KWD%،$R
‫א م‬
،&PF‫ 'א‬FY ،M‫د‬1‫([א*مא‬G1+‫א‬neo،J ‫زא‬J ¹rW#‫زو‬+‫ א‬E٦٢
K‫د‬1‫א‬
FF83+‫א‬،F ‫א‬$8‫א‬uFFoFF‫א‬$‹‫א‬،HFF-!‫א‬$FF8;JFF FF3 #FF 
JFF #FF-;،#FFs+‫ א‬E٦٣
 K ‫א‬
‫_دא‬#F8‫א‬$F8;‫{אد‬F
$F(KWF`‫ א‬،L-1F ™7r،‫_ج‬T‫א‬J L-1 WL-1  E٦٤
 K‫م‬١٩٥٤_FG١٣٧٤n‫ ƒو‬،# ‫א‬6‫א‬,‫א‬W2
n‫ƒو‬F ،# F‫א‬5F3+‫'_א‬F%+‫א‬uo[‫ع‬$8+‫א‬،$(KJ LG‫א א‬W™-& J ‫ א‬E٦٥
K‫م‬١٩٨٠
 ،١‫ط‬،# ‫א‬#‫ אو‬X‫א‬E٢٠٠٠F$R
،L7- E٦٦
‫|אن‬$(KWD%،‫א‬n(9 N-;‫א‬، ‫א›و‬$8;$(KWM‫و‬+‫ א‬E٦٧
 K‫م‬١٩٩٠١‫ط‬،D ‫د‬F3&‫دאא‬،n‫ ƒو‬Fr+‫א‬3&‫دאא‬،‫א‬$‫א‬
،n‫ƒو‬F #F ‫½א‬F‫א‬1{ _–‫نא‬1،‫م‬3 J J$‫‘لא‬W* J ‫ א‬E٦٨
K‫م‬١٩٩٣١‫ط‬
#+FF‫א‬$FF9+‫א‬،# FF‫'א‬FF‫[א‬FF(3T HFF-‫‰א‬9FF ،$FFp‫א‬،{FF FF
E٦٩
KE٢٠٠٧F# ‫א‬3&-
،‫ن‬F(‫א‬F&W#
5Gh N-;p*‫وא‬8o ‫א‬،LG‫א א‬J J$‫א‬J‫ز‬WL¾J ‫ א‬E٧٠
 K‫م‬١٩٩٩،(-‫א‬53‫دאא‬

٦٤
FF+‫نא وאقא‬FF‫مو‬١٩٩٧1FFE٢٢FLFFneFF‫نא‬FFW FF\‫א‬FF % E٧١
W‫ذ‬F ‫א‬# \‫א‬O‫א&¶ ”دא‬53+‫אدא‬$;‫א‬،‫م‬١٩٩٧1E٢٣FL„{ ‫ن‬
 K‫م‬١٩٩٧،R
LG‫ א‬2
n‫ ƒو‬# ‫א‬53+‫&_א‬+‫א‬O$(;‫و‬8Y‫و|א‬، oJ NˆWM‫ אو‬E٧٢
KFG١٤٠٥٢‫ط‬،
¢pF&‫'א‬F‫ز‬Z‫و‬$F$F
J;uP
‫א‬E١٣FL+‫א‬،`‫א‬+‫وא‬8\‫א‬£G E٧٣
K‫م‬٢٠٠٤، ‫ א‬X‫א‬neo[}_‫
وא‬
#+FF‫א‬ª{FF+‫א‬،# FF‫دא‬PFFV‫א‬Oƒ1FF LFF%Z،E٢٠٠٣FJRFF‫א‬$FF8;،M1FF E٧٤
%‫` 
مא‬، 3+‫א‬3 ،# ‫دא‬Pi.‫א‬
،Hw‫א‬n$‫אא'و‬W.$T‫ א‬V‫א‬+‫א‬n‫א دوא‬،E٢٠٠٨F‫ن‬$;، E٧٥
 KD ‫د‬، ‫א‬+‫א‬n1{+‫وא‬ P(-i.‫א‬ª{+‫א‬

٦٥