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TABLE OF CONTENTS
L.
lrc
nd 0. PREFACE ................
1
ilv Eow to use the Manuel.......
2
M/

1. INTRODUCTTON AND SI]MMARY

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l.l Why Using a pump as a Turbine.
4
I 1.2 Fields of Application of pumps Used as Turbines (pATs).........
4
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1.3 The Differencetetween pump- and Turbine_Modé performance.
¡ .....................:............. 5
t 1.4 Selecüng a pAT..........
5
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1.5 Design Changes......
6
ltl f .6 Type of Pump to Be Used and Efficiency in Tubine Mode
6
Dd 1.7 Operation and Control -
Limits of Applicaüon 6
1.8 Economic Considerations................
t 7
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Ls 2. THE CONCEPT OT'PIIMPS OPERATED AS TURBINES

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I 2'l General.. ...................... g
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2.2The difference between pumps and turbines. ........ 9
2.3 A Pump Used as a Turbine...........
F 2.3.IGeneral """'ll
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2.3.2 Advantas...............................:....:..........................:..:.:..........:...:.:.........::...:..11
I 2.3.3
?sadvantages .............. ......................11
2.4 Application Particulars ofpATs....... ....................12
2.4.I Size of thelvtachine................
2.4.2 pumpDesign.........
............12
.........13
2.4.3 Range of Application of Turbines and pATs.. ...................:..,.....15
2.5 Conditions and limits of the application ofpATs...........................
..............16

3. SYSTEMDESIGN
3' I Introducüon"".....'...." .....................l7
3.2 Layout of an MHp using a pAT............ ..............17
3.2.1 System Components of an MHp using a pAT............
................17
3.2.2 Overvtew of possible micro hydropower applicaüons.
3'3 Design Parameters.. .........................20
3.3.1 Flow.. .........20
3.3.2 Head...
.........2t
3.3.3 Load...
.........22
3.'f
-Matching -
Hydropower Potential and Power Demand no* Design ¡o. va¡oos
Hydropower Applications ......................23
Machinery..........
3.4.1 Direct Drive of
.........23
Generator
3.4.2 Alternating Operation of Machinery and
.....................24
3.4.3 Electricity Generaüon in parallel to a national or regional
grid.............-...........2s
pAT............
3.4.4 Stand-alone Electricity Generaüon using a
.....,........27
3.4.5 Special Cases........... ........31
3.4 .6 preliminary Design _ Esrimate of Economic Feasibi1ity....................:...
pATs....... ..........32
3.5 Selection of
3.5. I State-of-the-art .............. ......................33
3.5.2 The differgnce of performance in pump and turbine mode
........................... .¡¡
3.5.2.1 Performance Curves .........

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3.5.2.2 Basic Theory...... .................35
3'5'3 Rwiew of exisüng approaches to predict turbine-mode p"rr"r*"t*
'P4Ts""""" "r
.........38
3.5.4 practical Selection procedure of pATs......... ......
Turbine-mode performance from actual experimental ailü;;il;.....::..::......:::..13
predicting - "
mode (bep
b"rt efficiency poinl in turbine mode (bep t
+.
p)................ ) frñ til nr",;-
............40
3.5.5 Some
?"tail1 on Appropriate pAT Selecrion................................51
3.5.6 predicting pAT performance from pump geometry..... .................54
3.5.2 General Range of Operation of a pÁt at a Civen -Site......................................SS