BTS Diagram

The main configuration of equipments inside the BTS are :

1. Main Processor Unit
2. Clock Source
3. Interface Unit
4. Base band Unit
5. Power Supply Unit
6. RF Unit
7. Antenna

Main Processor Unit

The functions of this unit are as a brain for the BTS:
· BTS initialization and self-testing
· configuration
· O&M signaling
· software download
· collection and management of external and internal alarms
Clock Source Unit
The basic function of this unit is like a heart for the BTS:
· Deliver a stable clocking pulse to all digital equipment inside
BTS.
Interface Unit
Interface unit have function to translate between Source data which has specific Electrical Standard (E1, T1 or
IP) to digital data and this data will deliver to other digital unit to be next processed
Base Band Unit
In the base band unit, the digital data will be processed and following the GSM standard, this unit creates a
data which ready to be feed to RF Unit.
Power Supply Unit
The basic function of power supply unit is like a stomach for the BTS which produce a power for whole
equipments in the BTS. With input the AC voltage like food in the human and produce DC voltage as a power.
Power consumption of 1 Macro Outdoor BTS which have 6 Transceivers Unit is around 1500 Watt.
RF Unit
RF Unit converts the digital signal to Radio Frequency --RF-- Signal (air interface signal) following the GSM
Standard. This signal type is still as an electrical signal.
Antenna Unit
Antenna as a traditional unit, have a function to convert electrical signal to electromagnetic signal. This unit is
very important unit for creating cell dimension. Combination of horizontal - vertical polarization, antenna
height and antenna tilting influence the radiation pattern of cell.

The real examples of BTS is shown bellow:

Questions:

The configuration of 4+4+4.

This means a BTS consist 4TRX per sector and there is 3 sectors in a
BTS. According to TRX BTS divided into three slot 1 is called alpha 2 is
called beta and 3 is called Gama. In 4+4+4 cong. at a time 12 trx is worked it
means that 4trx in each slot In this it has 3 sector and 12 trx. Here 4+4+4 con...
means it has 3 Duplexers and each is connected to 4 Trx

What are the various telecom testing tools used for testing the
gsm, gprs, atm, wcdma,t rau protocol

GSM- TEMS
WCDMA--> Agilent, CAIT, CNT

What are the different types of GSM antenna?

Directional antenna and Omni directional antenna
At Base station Side: Directional Antenna
At Customer Side: Omni Directional antenna ANDREW (65*, 90*)
KATHREIN,
TIL-TEK,
ALGON.

why -48 v is given to bts?

-48 v is given to bts because in this voltage Noise generation is minimum.When

interference is occur in voltages it affect only positive pulse not in negative
terminal so if we make positive common then no interference occur And we get
pure -48 volts without any interference. “Because 2terminalcomesout from the
battery and through red wire we ground the +ive terminal so that possibility of
noise interference will get zero....noise occur only in the +ive terminal.....that’s
why we use -ive voltage.To prevent the equipments from lightning strokes.
Because the cloud is negatively charged at bottom it requires a zero or a positive
potential to discharge, and it selects the ground (Zero potential) to discharge. If
the Telecom Equipments are fed with positive the cloud will choose the low
resistance tallest positively charged Antenna's to discharge, this could damage
the entire setup of Telecom equipments. So the Telecom equipments are fed
with Negative supply Voltage

What is the function of Duplexer?

DUPLEXER IS A DEVICE WHICH IS USED IN BTS TO USE SAME ANTENNA FOR
TRANSMISSION AS WELL AS RECEPTION AT THE SAME TIME, SO ANTENNA HAS
TWO CABLE ONE FOR Tx & Rx WHICH CONNECT WITH DUPLEXER.

GPRS?

General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a packet oriented Mobile Data Service available to users of Global
System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and IS-136 mobile phones. It provides data rates from 56 up to 114
kbit/s. Architecture of both GSM & GPRS Network is shown above. The basic differences of GPRS and GSM are
Circuit Switched and Packet Swiched (shown bellow).

Data as a packet switched and voice as a circuit switched is using the same resource of several equipments in
the GSM Network. From Mobile Station (MS) or Mobile Equipment (ME) to Base Transceiver Station is using one
network. Detail picture which describe this statement is shown bellow

Why GPRS is needed?

1. GPRS make possible to get always connected connection
2. GPRS is charged by bit transfered
3. GPRS give a lower prices rather than High Speed Circuit Data
4. Higher Speed
5. Faster Session Start
The logical structure for GPRS Network is shown here

What is the general function of a BTS?

BTS comprises of a combination of RF equipment, is basically interface between
M.S & BSC .It is bidirectional device that receives signals at 13 kbps and
transmits at 16 kbps

What is word alignment?

IT IS A PROCESS IN WE ADJUST MICROWAVE ANTENNA IN SUCH A WAY THAT WE
GET THE DESIRED RX LEVEL. It is the process to bring the microwave antenna
fairly parallel to the other antenna...

At what Frequency voice is sampled ?

It is sampled at 8Khz as per Sampling theorem to reproduce successfully in the
other end.