PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SCHIZOPHRENA

Predisposing factors Etiology Precipitating factors

-Biochemical –Increase dopamine and serotonin -No specific and define cause -Lifestyle – substance abuse
-Psychological –faulty reaction to environment
-ego dysfunction
-faulty interpersonal relationship

Neurologic theory Unsatisfied developmental needs

Increase dopamine Increase serotonin Imbalance between Formal operations Oral stage
id and super-ego A

Change in neurotransmitter Domination of id Learn to reason Decrease cognitive Oral fixation-alcoholism, smoking
and think in function
Increase anxiety Naughty behaviors abstract terms Anal stage

Aggressive behavior
Poor judgment short attention Impaired reasoning Decrease memory Phallic: Oedipal complex
span
Depression
Latency starts masturbating

Genital stage- sexual preoccupation

- engage in many sexual relationship

A
 Mistrust

Thinks that environment is not safe

Shame/doubt

No acquisition of will

Initiative will not be developed

Unclear sense of competence

Low self-esteem

Feeling of inferiority

No sense of identity

Isolation

Stagnation
B
A
Unproductively

B
A
 Crisis or depression

Defective coping/ defense mechanism

Inability to cope up frustration and stressors in life

Inability to construct and maintain equilibrium

Denial escape from reality

Maladaptive behavior

Perceptions Affective physiological Interpersonal Ecological Motor activity cognitive

C D
B B
Hallucination Altered Flat Blunted Labile Self care Increase Social Altered A Psychomotor Automatism A
-auditory Self concept mood deficit serotonin isolation Communication
retardation
level

Sleep pattern
disturbance

Fatigue
 C D
B B
A A

Altered role functions Ineffective coping Altered judgment Altered thought process Altered decision making