MathCAD操作指南

Mathcad
1
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LESSON 1. MATHCAD

.............................................................................................. 11
LESSON 2: MATHCAD ............................................................................................. 13
LESSON 3: .............................................................................................................. 14
LESSON 4: MATHCAD
...................................................................................... 17
LESSON 5: !" .......................................................................................................................... 18
LESSON 6: $# .......................................................................................................................... 19
LESSON 7: % & '( .............................................................................................................. 21
LESSON 8: ) *'( ...................................................................................................................... 23
LESSON 9: !",+.- .................................................................................................................. 25
LESSON 10: / "0$1 ............................................................................................................ 28
LESSON 11: 23' ................................................................................................................................ 32
LESSON 12: 4 5 .............................................................................................................. 39
LESSON 13: 67 5 8 .................................................................................................................... 40
LESSON 14: 9 :;< .......................................................................................................................... 43
LESSON 15 = MATHCAD >?) @ ...................................................................................................... 44

ABDCEGFIH,J KL MDN = ................................................................................................................ 50
2

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12
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13
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16
Lesson 4: Mathcad

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17
Lesson 5: ^`_ ab
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18
Lesson 6: ^`_
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f( x) x2
? O = 5 6 w
± o r O t'jÕ ì A é E
f ( 10 ) = 100
o rì A é Øúcä è e = Õ ì Aw
x 3
fo ( rx )å
ì = Ú9 ö J= ì A è e = Õ ì Aw
a 0 .. 3
f( a )
0
1
4
9
± f(x) o <O{ o rì Aw
g( y) f( y) 6
g ( x ) = 15
ÍÎ BYt =Ï Ð d è é ±o = or O:4JI H TU-% O=P >?8@FG evX 1 r =
HI TVIUTV% U Mathcad O 4
# Ë O evXDI© O43ITU-%OÐ
O e Ï©
O4v(*ÍÎMDN
O Q R w
Ð O ¥¦§e A¤ 56ZITUÐI = bc de =
O w
19
O 4 8 F q o¼ # Ë O = [w
I H ¡DÍ Î± 'Y Ï Ð îo r # Ë =
Trig and Logs
ln ( 26 ) = 3.258
csc ( 45 . deg ) = 1 2
Matrix Functions
1 0 0
identity( 3 ) = 0 1 0
0 0 1
cols ( identity ( 6 ) ) = 6
20
Lesson 7: ¢¡ £¤
B bcDdVe ÏÐ 8è 43¿ÀIMDN Ó Ô Y æ =JìÚ 9
ÏÐ f(x):x+6[Spacebar]*(x^3[Spacebar]-1) hi'U
I¥ o ¦ Ï Ð ÓDÔY 4JI ¨ = q
TJI'xDÏÐ _ ] æ43Iq Ø§ r= è ¨0 F= è © _ w 76 IªåMDN Ó Ô Y= ¦43I ë WX
Sq÷« êR¬ =or d è 5 w I'¥ ¦ DM N Ó ÔY æ4-§ r x3 ó ¨Ve4 ¤ í o r®¯=-°± K 4

ãv²4TJIÏÐ -1 43Iq ± x3 .^ z 1 4I4³ 8 F= Ï Ð d è 4 H I ëR´û 1µ =DDÓ ÔY= c ±Vw IÏ
Ð f(x):x+6*(x^3-1) H '¶X = q 8 F= è
Ë· 8è9
T U Q¸ 1 p=v¹º 9

xy x^2[Spacebar]
í B x2 ó ë B®¯=v°± K e 4×Î } ÏÐ +3[Spacebar] 4 1 p § r è B®¯°± K eD4×Î
} ÏÐ /5[Enter] 4 5»½¼
76 Ix ¦ ÏÐ 1 r d è 4 B ÏÐX 3 ø 0 ðªåMDN Ó Ô Y 43IS¶X
76 I ÏÐ x^1/t^2[Spacebar][Spacebar][Spacebar]/3 I¾¶X
21
I Õ- = v è o ¸ ëo 8 >?@=> ±w
ITVU |}B I = b c de3ÊË o ¼ j
22
Lesson 8: ¿À`¡£
d è = 5Ã åÄ'p IåÅÆ °± ú hwW 8 FÇ¤È Z = v è 43±ÊÉ uQ¸'¹Oº oË 9
OÁ Â
2
x 5
f( x) x3
8
• MDNÌ =-] u 4JC TUW}XQ Ì 8 ] ÓD8 ÔFY = mo å oQ Í B®¯°± K èeÏw Ð ó B®¯=v°± K
• MDN 5 =Ñ C 43Î }Q 8 ÓDÔY 4 Í 4JWåèZOÎ ÏdÐ ó B®¯õ° ± K ew
• MDN 3 43Î 4JWåZOÎ d õ ew
76 ° ± K BÑ C 4 8 o r Ï Ð =>? e ë ¤ í BÑ C 4 76 °± K Bu C 4 8 o ¹ Ï Ð =3>? e ë
¤ í Bu C w
í B oWÊ W É u= ùú± ß ë''Ò Ó 'q r 5 69
x2 5
f( x) x3
8
•
B d è e Ñ N x 4JTUWX xÔ ûÕÈ Zw

f( x)
• MN x2 Ö'×HØÚÙ½ÛÜRÝÊÞàßOáãâäHä½åUæRçHèÊéRêÊëàìOí$îïâ
JT ¬I¨ü Á d¬ Y è = o ÏÐ Ô Õû È Z = ævð4I = 8 o¹ñ c ëòó 1'ÏÐ ÌJò w 1 r ¡y©ôI$ B
6Z öö'÷ e3± õw
!
2
x 5 3
f( x) x
8
76 ID± 6` ø] ù5Û 4 Ñ_ N] 5 43/0 Ï=-ÑÐ 6C w
•
7 6 IDØ ] u C 4D= MNr 8 è 43B /0]1 =Ô Ñ 43C /0 ÏÐ [*]Q w 8 ÓDÔY
•
•
7 6 Iu CD±= Ì õ è § d 4 Ì MDN4+/0 4úû ®¯°± K
õ må d 43/0 ÏÐ [\] ü
•
7 6 ^
ID z 1 x ð ê q x 3 ÙÝ$ÞßOáHýïþ x 3 /0 ÏÐ 1/2[Spacebar]*x.
.
2
76 B°± è ¤ ÿ ° ±
Q R ° ± = 4v(*4 7
6 IJI Ý õdd è 4Jæ Í ÎÆ34 3Ç IbTc U-d % ê Ý m ce«D¨Ö43/0ÿ 43S
Tw U 1X á
8 F à å o r [w
x 1.5
23
3.
2 .x2 x 2 = 8.75
2
o r d è ú ìÛ 8è9
°± 0
5 .
2 .( x 5)2 x 2 = 22.75
2
ì A x B á F 5 4JmUITVU WXDI °±= Å 6 w

...
• ¥ o ¹ 4JØ x 2 ( x 5 ) w Ñ Nd è e = ¥ o r x 4J/0ÏÐ

2
x-5.
• í B Øá F= kA 2ùÛ -2 4 B 2 =-Ñ C MN43/0 ÏÐ ] - w

• í B°± Ð O 3 w Ñ N 3 4J/0ÏÐ 5.
2
• Á043Ø
\
]
ì Û ^ ] w3MDNv ]OÑ C = 2 =-Ñ C 41 Ô 43/0 ÏÐ [-].
í B ÌImP = 43Ë· 8
F = d è:9
score 3
1
score 6
2
result
score 2 3
result = 0.583
¹Oº 78 :
score:3[Enter]
result:score+6[Spacebar]\+1/2[Spacebar]
[Spacebar]/score^2[Spacebar]-3[Enter]
result=[Enter]
êï 4JÍX I TVU='Æ ° ± d è äw
24
Lesson 9: !#"%$'&)(+*
c ora ì As o ö = tTUÍ ÎÏÐw [ 7 4 orì A x 4 öv% 0 X 10 4 K ©ÏÐ x:0;10
MDNùúÆ 43ISTUWX
¿FGÀtTJ=vI MN @ [;]] , ¤ í = q ,8M (9 ..) 4 \to r.-)F@ w 1 q

Mathcad
=v ö d @ ] J4 I H TU±
O P ö o ÏÐ4Jn
B T U± ö ì A:43¿ÀTJIÏÐv'p @ ] : Ï ¤3or d Ô 4 o r/ Í =10A 4 µ

F q O I í w V 0 4 Mathcad
x 0 .. 5
2 5.
f( x ) 2 .( x 5) x 2
2
xy x=
÷2
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
xy f(x)=
÷32
f( x)
52
31.5
15
2.5
6
10.5
76 I 45 ¹ ³t ê q 6 Å = 1 4 B ¥ o r t ÏÐ04yxDÏÐ o r t4J[ 7 43ÊË or =JìÚ'

öx vy% 1 X 10 4 ¹ ÷3³ 2tä 0.1 34 ÏÐ 9
x
x:1,1.1;10
25
¿À© B ¥ r tá F ÏÐ or 7] 4J/0 B ¥' r Ot0 F I ÏÐ [;]
8 F à å o ¼ '[ 9
xy x:1,1.1;1.8 ÷2
x 1 , 1.1 .. 1.8
xy data:-10,-8;0
÷32
data 10 , 8 .. 0
xy n:202,192;102
÷32
n 202 , 192 .. 102
1 r' öJq 88 = ¼
xy x=
÷32
x
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
xy data=
÷2
data
10
8
6
4
2
0
xy n=
÷32
26
n
202
192
182
172
162
152
142
132
122
112
102
|}I IjÕ- =y ö ì A4Øú± B 8
F = d è ew
27
Lesson 10: !#"%9'&%:#;=<
> = ['eJK å? = O f @ w Mathcad Aå=ZBB = ¡DfC:M4 TU ü Á D A f
EGF wáHkIBWX Mathcad e3ÊË o r EF 9
ÏÐ v:
e¨ EF 4v(*ÍÎ B E FFG e ¨w
•
• %OÐ
•
B ¥ ¦ §VeIÐ J6T = t4J[ 7 4 1 r D A qK´ oA w
MN1 rÐ .D
A43± [Tab]YM Ö -Õ
F @ w
•
• IL
3.3
v 1.2
t 4JITVU± 8 u@] 4JITVU±

ä51N ¤ D A = o r QR 4y(*± 8 F=
8
([)
Q R 4v¥ or OP 8 u 6 Åä 0 Q
xy v[0=
÷32
v0 = 3.3
< or 8 u q 1Q
xy v[1=
÷32
v 1 = 1.2
Á 0 = 8 u q 2,R² ®S 9
xy v[2= ÷2
v2 = 8
76 q o r EF 4TIr¥ oA= ¥ K rOP S TVU ÏÐ
z v[2,0 ¶X:w
I H TU= a eÆ°õ ' ö ì A¶ X må =O P 9
xy i:0;2 ÷32
i 0 .. 2
x/ 0y v[i=
÷32
28
vi
3.3
1.2
8
c ä 43ITU |}Io r EF w B Mathcad e 4U6 Å v= 3ö q% 0

V4 1 q=ÿ © J= o :
M w
7 6 ªåC3WX ¤ 4YM q% 0
VVwn 8 [ 9
xy i:2;5 ÷32
xy i 2 .. 5
wrong[i:1
÷32
wrong i 1
xy wrong=
÷2
0
0
1
wrong =
1
1
1
(Or OIP UJä 1 r D 1 A¼ å[OZ P rOP 4×/ð 4lIWX = r 1 q ãä Mathcad ]/ keeps track of ¥ o
È Z q ä \ 0 w w
f¥ 41^ãDä ªåC3W 4ã-²
Ø D A OP cä a _ e = Õ ì Aq å± = w4 7 4Jgh± 8 F'= kAf a_V9
b 9.7
a 1.1
v 3.
f( v) v a
9 .b2
í B'o r D A é ñØúcä a_ e =o r Õ ì A 9
3.3
v 1.2
8
i 0 .. 2
29
f vi
1.11
1.098
1.131
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xy f(x):[Ctrl]4x ÷2
1µ f( x) x
g h± D A `f Q R 4 H TUÍ Î Q
Q R 4J» Q RBEGFJFGt w

3.3
v = 1.2
8
f ( v ) = 10.1
B ÏÐ = D A f EGF3>? TU B EGFJFG eyX4 8 F q o ¼;<=>? 9
ab " gh
cd e f i j
M _ [Shift]8 v. w
k _ [Ctrl]8 v w
´ A è = t | M
A[l A [Ctrl]6 M< 2 >
m 1-¥K A=OP ,B Mathcad eH A 6 Åä

( 0)
Mathcad nop[q
:GrsUtuUv x w b yz { |G} r~ ü f ÷ j
7 9 1
M 6 8 2
5 7 3
30
3 j
A O cols ( M ) = 3
Ó rows ( M ) = 3
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EF Ct 11.526

eigenvals ( M ) = 11.463
1.938
31
Lesson 11:
G
R 4 Mathcad TVUxc G wK© ÏÐ o r å o r Õ ì A = d è 4 7 ÏÐ sin(x), /0MNI G =JQ
» QRBRG d FGt 4(*'%OÐ eÏ G w /0132Vw o r G S ¤ íH5 ¼ ITVU WX

8 FRG 9
1
0.999982
0.5
sin( x)
10 5 0 5 10
0.5
0.999982 1
ö
10 x 10
I ÏÐ = = d è èê 7 B qÆp = x = ì V

O 3F w |} 8 Ï F Ð y^2[spacebar]-3*y Q Y w ë
!
,/0
6 Å ã A w q o¼ ùú = d è9
Shift+ @ Mathcad
Õ×ÖØI ÏÐ d
1. z . cos ( z )
2. 1
2
1 x
B U t= 'd è =G d4 Mathcad ë ¨ or 6Å =-F3 ã ì AwITUx G d =3ì A
=y Tö I wË ËVo r? ì = =O G 4 Q¸ 7 78 ¹º ³´ 9
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o r A O w4 43ÏÐ f(x):-x^2[Spacebar]+8*x-27 WX

2
ä o r Õ ì A öw 7 ÏÐ x:0;10 WX

f( x) x .
8 x 27
•
x 0 .. 10
• MN Shift+ @ Y oË· o r G 4 B = e[ =-)F@ e ÏÐ x 4 B / Í =-)F@ e
ÏÐ f(x) w/0132w
I¶X 1 p='G 9
32
10
0 5 10
20
f( x) 30
40
50
x
¼
3

G =

ë 1 rRG å ¼ w ä5 vG \o¼ 4 | } Ø x = t ¶ \
Ð o ¼ ¥'4 pT x f(0x), 0.1 .. 10¿. À1 Xp Ð U04+dZ } T UE ?-¤ \ Z = M4 1 pë ¶ G1\ o
¼ w
Ô è 4 TVU Ñ N' G 4 ¤
©

='GÈ Z aè w
§ í = ¥¦ §TUI« ì ¯ v6Z ½ ¾ 4 H TVUxI ¨ êR¬
x 0 , 0.1 .. 10
10
0 5 10
20
f( x) 30
40
50
x
yz¡ ¢£

1µ =
D Aq 8 ´
D A ó f S ä
A money_spent w+gh °'õ ¨Ð µ =EGF f¤ÊË 1 r D
A µ gh = 1 r
1 w
33
2
3
6
8
money_spent
11
12.5
14
17
ä5Ï ¤ 1 ¼ oM r 4x¥:Ò ID 78(9 *qË· o r¥Ò 4(*q'< o r å ¬ p O > OP= D Aw B a '[
e43ghHk X Ae
xy i:0;7 ÷2
MN Y 4JÊËI = G 4J/0ÏÐ

i 0 .. 7
Shift +@
money_spent[i
÷2
money_spent i
B Y =-ÕF@ e 4 i B x =-ÕF@ ew ITUWX 1 p=JorUG 9
¿¯ À 1 µ q B ®
= ¦¨§ K È
© uª w Z
«
Z rà['¬: p (b) 4 s ÊË =
,D B ë'
A4 gh
<S{ or D A:4Õf
ä day:
1
2
3
5
day
7
8
10
12
34
2
3
6
8
money_spent =
11
12.5
14
17
Î 8 oÊË o r G 43/0 ÏÐ

money_spent
÷32
money_spent
B y =-ÕF@t 4 é ñ
xy day ÷32
day
B x =-ÕF@t w
5 678 G mZ 9
20
15
10
0 5 10 15
M q ±G¬ 3dZ4, r ®u t=JÔ K ó¯ ` w

1µ =
9: yz¡ ¢ rsUt
xy f(x):x^2
÷32
2
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f( x) x
Ï Ð x: /0 ÏÐ [Ctrl]M , ´ Q 10 OK. w /0
ÏÐO w
35
2.2
0
x 3.56
9.9
13
o r¥Òì Aw xy i:0;4

÷32
i 0 .. 4
MN Shift+ @ /0 B®u e[ =-ÕF@t ÏÐ f xi f xi w 5 6789

200
150
f x 100
i
50
5 0 5 10 15
x
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i
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´ £ sUt
p
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z

r ì
Ø, A¶
STVU5 43/0MDN Shift+ @ 9
xy 1/z [Spacebar] , z^2 @ [Enter] ITVU WX 1 p='G 9
36
10
1
z
2 10 5 0 5 10
z
10
z, z
B 1 r '[ e4, rUG ± = q ¬3o rì A4Üq I H TVU¸·± êR¬D=Jì A4 |o 8¹ w
xy f(x):sin(x) ÷32
f( x) sin ( x )
xy g(t):t^3
÷32
3
g( t) t
xy x:-10,-9.9;10
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x 10 , 9.9 .. 10
xy t:-2,-1.9;2
÷2
t 2, 1.9 .. 2
Î 8 o 4
B Ó.û+ü MN Shift+ @ w
•
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Type
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• 132w
5 6789
37
10
f( x)
g( t ) 10 5 0 5 10
10
x, t
¼ 7 rRG3op ? U¾¾ K©I± 7 ] Ø I = Õ ì A Ð
DSTUD4 1 HR¬ p J±'p EGF
Df A >? I w mn:4½µZ
38
Lesson 12:¿'À%Á%Â'Ã%Ä)Å
¬ < È B = aè wITVU BÔ è e ¨ êR¬D=J¸ QvB s Q
p è w ITVU=>'? ª« f O Z IbcDd
G u=v 9
7[ x4 Æ 1 I 1.14 5 8 10F= ç è ì Û O P f ¬=3Ô è
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5.
f( x) 2 .( x 5)2 x 2
2
B¬:Ì 4- "Here"1 r Ç ± È'M \ ¬ w
ØOP ¸ ìÛ Times New Roman 12 M \ QÉ ¸ w
•
• .
1 ± q f(x) ='G w

20
0
f( x)
20
40
0 5 10
x
Ê D o 8 B =
4 I bc de°õ¨ ÊË oËÌJò w3« ì 78 w
zÌÍ /Î
1± q« ì¬<¸ fB s=y¹Oº 9
Ñ N ¬<Ì 4 ¬<¤ íÔ û w+¨ ¤ íIÔ û3= T r Ç w
í =3BÔ ¨è Ú I =J ¸ Q3f'BB s 4/µ 0 F¨=J Ô Cè ÚÅQR6 =JQ R w
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« Ï b Ï TU w
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T U
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T á =J¬<Ô è 4l°'õ Ô è0 = 8 wl©DË· or Ô è 4 ITU-% Ô è e¨
Y p è w 7=Jp6 èIDØ 1 BrÔ ¬è &± B ¬& e4JTUØ 1 rÔ è Ý ä p è w /0ISTVU
1 rp è ¬
ðñI TU± ew
tÑ Í /
ì ¸ Ì Ð ì = Ð > êU¬ =3¸ B kAf ì A
t w Í©Î« MDN OoP r kA4½(H* k ì ¿AÀ 4JMathcad
Ô± è0 ¥ù'kË Aî f À IA L © 4l=3TÔ Uè « I ì w W ±
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Ô è e¨ ¯ w
Mathcad
39
Lesson 13: Ó#Ô#Ä)Å#Õ
B 7Ö 56 56Dà q G1 56 4 B eI]/å o¼sÚÛ I
Ü »úí ûVwxIHÆ'@Iú± û 8 F'¹O¶ºIX o 4Ø¼6× ÙO q 9 O Mathcad
ì
xØ y A P:5000ä÷k2A
P 5000
xy r:.07
÷32
r .07
xy n:365
÷2
n 365
xy A(t)
A(t):P*(1+r/n)^n*t
÷2
.
.
r nt
A ( t) P 1
n
cxy ¤JêU¬ t t'÷3¶2 X êU¬ 5 6

A(3)=
3
A(3) = 6.168 10
1 q o r Compound-interest E ? w ¿ÀX Mathcad ÝÞßàáâãäåæç èéêëìç3íî ïð
ñ ðòçóé1ôõ ö÷Uæ øùúûðüé1öý þ ÿäå æ çè êë öþ ÿ3ìç3íï ððò ç ó

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Exponential Threshold 3$ 6()!*+, 3 ÷1ç ó
Displayed Precision 3 $ 2
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A(3) -ßàã
A ( 3 ) = 6168.27

../0 , A(3) 1âö23
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567 ÷98;:=<"

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40
HIJK
L JK

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N 7AOP
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f(x):sin(x) YZ
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g(y):cos(y) YZ
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WX
x:-10,-9.9;10 Y[
x 10 , 9.9 .. 10
WX
y:-2,-1.9;2
y 2 , 1.9 .. 2
0.5
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g( y) 10 5 0 5 10
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Type - 8D:F< ^` j @ a

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í9 Traces "
í9 trace 1 éS ïqr r"
41
í9 trace 2 ï í @
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ý"t÷## öBC
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2 1 0 1 2
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2
2 1 0 1 2

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B C \] *7D öA*õBDC N 7 _ !+3ìé9Gé1ö3í9*
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42
Lesson 14: ¨ª©ª«¬
Mathcad ÷S*] ®¯°G÷S±²9³sG÷´¾g¿æÀ ø±²éµBC¶¸·g¹º ´g;»1Gé
WöBX Cõ¼*;½ ÷ g kilometers ã km õ ¼ÁÂ9÷ ÃÄÅÆ@
r:6370*km YZ
WX r 6370 . km
A(r):4*p[Ctrl]g*r^2 YZ
A ( r) 4 .π.r 2
( i π A BC- çå _ ¡þÇóÈ _ |H$I )

ïö³BClÉæ ø p 7Ê3é9ËÌ ÷æø"
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A(r)= YZ
14 2
A ( r ) = 5.099 10 m
0 JÑ _Ò éÎ- T _ ^ í

o
) $

á Í
â Î
¶ ·

ß
à
ã
Ý G
Þ
÷
Ï
Ð

g G
G é
# $
ß
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J4Ñ . π . r = 5.099 10 14 m 2
2
C ã[g ÷Uá âs@

10
4 . π . r 2 = 5.099 10 hectare
ÚÛ / 0 , Üð÷½ ] ÷gGéhA / 0 , ö2Ý¶ õ¼÷SgD¸BC Ö`÷SgÞß
àá âã
w 100 . joule
w = 100 m N
µm 10 6 . m
smoot 5.23 . ft
6
smoot = 1.594 10 µm
7
µm = 6.273 10 smoot
g±²Aäå¯°=1â ö÷1æ øðæçé=³£ßà@×"h1[é T _ ÷ u è æ ø3áâéês

ëì . . .
m
a 10 .
sec
mass 2 . kg
F mass . a
îÞS*ïGéSð á *#³£ñ Gé9Ú×òG÷óôõ[÷Sö@S÷@ÞS*ïD

í sF =ß20à÷sáânewton
43
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51

MathCAD操作指南

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MathCAD操作指南

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Mathcad

LESSON 1. MATHCAD  

LESSON 3:    .............................................................................................................. 14

LESSON 5:  !" .......................................................................................................................... 18

LESSON 6:  $# .......................................................................................................................... 19

LESSON 7: % & '( .............................................................................................................. 21

LESSON 8: ) *'( ...................................................................................................................... 23

LESSON 9:  !",+.- .................................................................................................................. 25

LESSON 10:  / "0$1 ............................................................................................................ 28

LESSON 11: 23' ................................................................................................................................ 32

LESSON 12:  4 5 .............................................................................................................. 39

LESSON 13: 67 5 8 .................................................................................................................... 40

LESSON 14: 9 :;< .......................................................................................................................... 43

LESSON 15 = MATHCAD >?) @ ...................................................................................................... 44

Ð ÑÎÒ RQ,ÔS Mathcad B$ÒD , áèÖé?Ú.ÏTãÒ$òVU W$óCB$Ò'$ %ÑÓ$ÞXãâYW Z

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LESSON 1. MATHCAD

LESSON 3: .............................................................................................................. 14

LESSON 5: !" .......................................................................................................................... 18

LESSON 6: $# .......................................................................................................................... 19

LESSON 7: % & '( .............................................................................................................. 21

LESSON 8: ) *'( ...................................................................................................................... 23

LESSON 9: !",+.- .................................................................................................................. 25

LESSON 10: / "0$1 ............................................................................................................ 28

LESSON 12: 4 5 .............................................................................................................. 39

LESSON 13: 67 5 8 .................................................................................................................... 40

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