Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The professor said she will rely on the questions in the text book for the theory
tests (first and final). The final will include 20% of the first material.
The second test will be based on what is done in the lab; it will be about a week
before the final. The style of the questions will represent a micrograph of a section
as seen under the microscope so that the image would be focused. For example
the question will be divided into two sections for the first section you will need to
identify and the following section will be questions related to the previous section.
The study of the body tissues and how they are arranged to constitute organs.
Of course the tissues are made up of cells and extra cellular matrix. Due to the
small size of the cells and extra cellular matrix components, histology is
dependent on the use of the microscopes why? To give us a magnified image.
There are specific steps we need to do to prepare the tissue to be seen under the
microscope:
1. Fixation
2. Embedding and sectioning
3. Staining
Now the step before the last, sectioning, which is done by using the microtome.
Microtome is a device that uses steal or glass blades. The blades are used to
section/slice the ready tissue embedded in the medium into 1-10 micrometer(a
measuring unit for length) {1micrometer= 10-3 millimeter=10-6 meter} the 1-10
micrometer is for the light microscope. However, for the electron microscope you
need much thinner sections using nanometer {1nanometer=10-3micrometer=10-
9
meter} which is from 50-80 nanometer.
The last step for tissue preparation for microscopes is staining. Staining is used to
enable to study the tissue microscopically since most tissues are colorless. So this
staining makes the tissue components conspicuous and distinctive. Staining is
done by using dyes. Dyes can behave acidic or basic. They have the tendency to
perform electrostatic linkages with ionisable radicals of the tissues.
1.optical
2. Mechanical
1. Condenser: collects and focuses light to produce column of light for the
object to be illuminated and observed.
2. Objective: enlarge /magnify the illuminated object and project it towards
the eye piece
3. Ocular/eyepiece: further magnifies the image and projects it on to the
viewer’s retina or on a radiographic film
The objective lens causes the resolving power which is the smallest distance
between 2 particles at which they can be seen as separate objects. The maximal
resolving power is 0.2 micrometer which means this means if there is an object
that is smaller or thinner than 0.2 micrometer it cannot be distinguished. They
will be seen as one object.
The resolving power determines the quality of the image.
The objective lenses with higher magnification will have higher resolving power.