ROTATION

• Earth spins around on its axis just like a

top.
• It turns once in every 23 hrs, 56 mins, and
4.09 secs.
• Causes days and nights
• Earth spins towards the east to west
• When the earth’s axis points away from the
sun,
• A. regions in the northern hemisphere
have shorter days and longer nights
REVOLUTION

• It takes about 365 ¼ days to travel

around the sun
• We call this period a solar year
• This movement causes the changes
in seasons and climate
A.Regions in the southern hemisphere have longer
days and shorter nights

d. Places close to the equator have equal lengths

of day and night.
Imaginary lines

• Equator- found in 0 latitude.

• Latitude- horizontal lines
What is the definition of latitude and longitude?

In order to input latitude and longitude, you need to know how they are defined.
 Latitude- is measured from the equator, with
positive value going north and negative values
going south.

Longitude is measured from the Prime Meridian

(which is the longitude that runs through
Greenwich, England), with positive values going
east and negative values going west.

So, for example, 65 degrees west longitude, 45

degrees north latitude is -65 degrees longitude,
+45 degrees latitude.
 Prime meridian
meridian that is designated zero degree

(0°) longitude, from which all other

longitudes are measured.

By international convention, it passes

through the original site of the Royal
Observatory in Greenwich, England;

for this reason, it is sometimes called the

Greenwich meridian. Universal time, the
standard basis for determining time
throughout the world, is civil time measured
at the prime meridian.
The International Date Line (IDL)

is an imaginary line on the surface of the Earth

opposite the Prime Meridian which offsets the
date as one travels east or west across it.

Roughly along 180° longitude, with diversions to

pass around some territories and island groups,
it mostly corresponds to the time zone boundary
separating +12 and −12 hours GMT (UT1).

Crossing the IDL traveling east results in a day

or 24 hours being subtracted, and crossing west
results in a day being added.
1. In March, the days and nights are of equal length
as the earth is sideways to the sun.

4. In Sept., the days and nights are also of equal

lengthas the Earth is also sideways to the sun.

7. In Dec., places in the southern hemisphere

have more than 12 hrs of daylight as the Earth
tilts toward the sun.

11.In June, it is the North pole which is tilted

towards the sun and thus the northern hemisphere
has more than 12 hours of daylight.