Consider the circuit as shown, R=5 ohms , L= 2 H, V = 5 volts

When switch is at a , the equivalent circuit is as shown

Mathematical analysis
di
V − iR − L = 0
dt
Taking La - Place transform
V
s
( )
− I ( s)R − L sI ( s) − i(0 + ) = 0

Since initial condition = 0; i(0 + ) = 0

 
V 
V 1 1 
I ( s) = =  − 
s ( R + sL ) R  s R
s+
 L
V R
t 
∴ i(t ) = inverse LPT of I ( s ) =  1 − e L

R 
Verifying with simulation results

When switch is moved to b , the equivalent circuit is as shown

Inductor tries to impair the growth of current in the reverse direction. The
growth is tried to prevent until the stored magnetic energy is dissipated and
once the stored magnetic field energy is dissipated completely in one direction,
the magnetic field gets stored in the reverse direction.
Mathematical analysis
di
− V − iR − L = 0
dt
Taking LaPlace transform
V
s
( )
+ I ( s )R + L sI ( s ) − i(0 + ) = 0

Here initial condition = 5 Amps; i(0 + ) = 5

V V
∴ + L ( sI ( s) − 5 ) + I ( s) R = 0 ⇒ − 5L = − I ( s) ( sL + R )
s s
 1 V   −1  5   − ( 5 − 10s )
= −  − 5 L   =   − 10   = s 2s + 5
 ( sL + R )  s    ( 2s + 5 )  s   ( )
5s − 2.5 −1 6
= = +
s ( s + 2.5 ) s s + 2.5
∴ i(t ) = − 1 + 6e − 2.5t

Verifying with simulation results

By melvin koshy
11kvac@gmail.com