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Indore
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 INTRODUCTION

Artificial neural network is a graph like structure developed

artificially to be automated.
McCulloch and Pitts were credited with the development of first
artificial neural network.
Other scientists who contributed in this field were:-
Asbhy (1952)
Minsky (1954)
Minsky and Selfridge (1961)
Block (1962)
Rosenblatt (1962)
 ANALOGY TO THE BRAIN

The neural network rather receives the inspiration from

the known facts about the functioning of brain instead of
duplicating them.
The emphasis is given on ‘brain metaphor' rather on
‘digital computing metaphor’.
Thus new neural networks are dubbed connectionist
system.
 DENDRITES

SOMA

AXON

SYNAPSES
ARTIFICIAL NEURON
I/P-x
x1 Weights-w
x w1
2

w2

Sum Transfer

O/P
wn

PROCESSING ELEMENT
xn
NEURAL NET ARCHITECTURE
1) Inter Connections
 Fully connected
 Partially connected
 Layered network
 Acyclic network
 Feed Forward
 Modular network
LAYERED NETWORK

Input layer

Hidden
layer

Output
layer
 LEARNING

Learning denotes changes in the system that are adaptive in the

sense that they enable the system to do the same task drawn
from the same population more efficiently and more effectively
the next time.

There are the schemes :

a. Rote Learning
b. Reinforcement Learning
c. Unsupervised Learning
 LEARNING LAWS
HEBB’S RULE
“The neuron recieves an input from an another
neuron, and if both are highly active, the weight between the
neuron should be strengthened.

HOPFIELD’S LAW
“If the desired output and the input are both active
or both inactive, increment the connection weight by the
learning rate ,otherwise decrement the weight by learning rate.
DELTA RULE
“This rule changes the connection weights in
the way that minimizes the mean squared error of the
network.
This rule is also referred to as the Windrow -
Hoff rule and the Least mean square learning rule
 APPLICATIONS
^ IN MEDICINE
* Diagonising the cardit vascular system
* Instant physician
* Detection and reconstruction of odour b ANN’s
^ IN BUSINESS
* Marketing
* Credit evaluation
^ IN PRACTICE