SUMMER TRAINING PROJECT REPORT

ON
“Profiling of Readymade Garment (RMG)
Manufacturers at Depot Area”
and
“Revival of Anchor Stitch Kits in Schools”

In the partial fulfillment of requirement of

Post Graduate Diploma in Business Management
(2009-2011)

SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED

BY:-

DIRECTOR (ACADEMICS) ABHISHEK

KUMAR
IIMT, Greater Noida Enr. No.-BM:-
15053

ISHAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT &TECHNOLOGY

 2,Knowledge Park-1, Greater Noida,Gautam Budh Nagar
Uttar Pradesh.
Website:www.ishanfamily.com,E-mail: ishan_corporate@yahoo.com

PROJECT TITLE

“PROFILING OF READYMADE
GARMENT (RMG) MARKET AT
DEPOT AREA”
&
“ REVIVAL OF ANCHOR STITCH
KITS IN SCHOOLS”

2
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work done on “_1) ‘Profiling of

Readymade Garment (RMG) Market/Manufacturer at Depot
Area’ and 2) ‘Revival of Anchor Stitch Kits in Schools ”
submitted to Ishan Institute of Management & Technology,
Greater Noida by Abhishek kumar in partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the award of degree of Post Graduate Diploma in
Management is a bonafide work carried out by him under my
supervision and guidance. This work has not been submitted
anywhere else for any other degree/diploma. The original work was
carried during __12-05-2010 to 05-07-2010 in Madura Coats
Private Limited, Guwahati.

Date: Name of the guide:

Seal/Stamp of the organization
Address:

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At the very outset I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to all

those who have provided their assistance and co-operation during the
project work “Profiling of Readymade Garment (RMG) at Depot
Area” and “Revival of Anchor Stitch Kits in Schools”.

I take this opportunity to thank everyone who took concern in the

successful completion of this project. To be more specific, at very
outset, I would like to thank Mr. Sasanka Talukdar (Area Sales
Manager), Madura Coats Private Limited, Guwahati for guiding
me throughout the project. Say for providing all the necessary
information I need regarding the project in time, without which the
completion of this project would be, a Herculean task or almost next to
impossibility.

I express my sincere gratitude to the honorable Chairman Sir

Dr. D.K.Garg of Ishan Institute of Management and Technology
for their moral support and guidance, on the ground of which I have
acquired a new field of knowledge.

I am also thankful to Madura Coats Private Limited for

giving me the opportunity to undertake the study in their organization.
Without the co-operation of the management and employees this
project study would not have materialized.

ABHISHEK KUMAR

Ishan Institute of Management and Technology, Greater

Noida.

4
 DECLARATION

I, Abhishek kumar, student of Ishan Institute of

Management & Technology, Greater Noida hereby declare that
the projects entitled “Profiling of Readymade Garment (RMG)
Market/Manufacturer at Depot Area” and “Revival of Anchor
Stitch Kits in Schools” is a original work carried on by me is
submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for Post Graduate
Diploma in Management under the guidance of Mr. Sasanka
Talukdar, Area Sales Manager (Madura Coats Private Limited,
Guwahati).

It the original project and I have followed all the guidance

and instructions issued by the Institute as well as from the company
from time to time for the preparation of this project.

----------------------------------------------

Abhishek kumar

Enr No.: BM-15053

PGDM (BM)

5
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Serial Name of Topics Page No.

No.
 Project Title 1
 Certificate 2
 Acknowledgement 3
 Declaration 4
 Table of Contents 5
1 Executive Summary 7
2 Introduction 11-14
2.1 Introduction 12
2.2 Objective 13
2.3 Methodology 14
3 Company Profile 15-28
3.1 Name of the Company 16
3.2 Head Office 16
3.3 Branch Office 16
3.4 Depots in India 17
3.5 About the Company 18
3.6 Historical Development 22
3.7 Board of Directors 23
3.8 Business Principles 25
3.9 Company’s Mission 26
3.10 Coats Value Statement 27
3.11 Awards 28
4 Trade Profile 29-100
4.1 Coats Product Range 30
4.1.1 Sewing Threads 31
4..1.2 Interlinings 40
4..1.3 Zippers 43
4.2 Terms Used in Thread Industry 46

6
 4.3 Clients 91
4.4 Coats Sewing Solutions 92
4.5 Industry Scenario 95
4.6 Mills in India 96
4.7 Mills Products 98
5 Products 101
6 Speciality of Coats Product 123
7 Company Policies 129
8 Marketing Strategy 146
9 Competitors 149
10 Analysis of the Project 170-213
 Introduction 171
 Aims and Objectives 173
 Methodology 174
 Project-1 175
 Project-2 206
 Findings and Suggestions 211
 SWOT Analysis 212
11 Learning Experience 214
12 Bibliography 217
13 Word of Thanks 219

7
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY

8
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Coats India is a multinational company which was established in 1824

and it is headquartered in the UK. It is the world leader in the
manufacture and distribution of Sewing & Embroidery threads (Industrial
& Domestic) and Consumer crafts products. It is the world’s second
largest and fastest growing manufacturer of top quality zip fasteners.
Presently it is operating in 67 countries worldwide with approximately
30,000 employees. In India ‘Coats India’ is better known as ‘Madura
Coats Private Limited’, which is headquartered in Bangalore.

In each and every country thread plays a very important role in giving a
proper shape to a garment. Even Zippers also plays a very pivotal role in
making trousers. The new design of garments and the boom of garment
and fashion industry have brought down the complexities of thread
industry in the country, making it more affordable to the ever-growing
economy like India.

It is neither the number nor the scope of its international operations that
makes Coats India a world-class company. This distinction comes from
the dedication of providing their customers with the finest possible
products and services.

Even today, Coats India still asserts its century-old commitment to its
customers, producing high quality goods by embracing the principles of
Total Quality Management (TQM). These principles have produced a
culture that stimulates individual responsibility and initiative.

First phase of my project were to profile the “Readymade Garment

(RMG) Manufacturers’ Market” for the company. These manufacturers
are similar like tailors but there are some differences like - a tailor works
only on the basis of orders given to them by their customers whereas
these readymade garment manufacturers produce garments under a
certain brand and that to on the basis of demand. On this project I had to
give a complete detail about the readymade garment manufacturers like -
the number of manufacturers, where are they located, what type of
garments they make, whether they use any Coats product, what are the
Coats product and non-Coats product they use, whether there is any issue
with Coats product, their suggestions etc.

9
In the second phase, after one month, I was assigned another project viz.
“Revival of Anchor Stitch Kits in Schools”. This was an interesting
work for me. In this I was assigned the job of introducing and creating a
demand for Anchor Stitch Kits within the schools.

During my summer training, I learned many things about the company,

its product, its customers, customer behavior etc. It’s a practical
experience which will be beneficial in my near future. In this training I
learnt how to convert prospects into friends and then friends into clients.
I also learned that questions must always be asked to find out what the
customer wants rather than just talking about you and your products.
During the training I also developed various skills like:-

 Communication & Convincing skills

 Negotiation skills
 Presentation skills
 Creative sales tactics
 Listening & consultative selling
 Creating the need
 Post call follow ups
 Knowledge on competition status with customers.

Today, in India, there are many thread companies, but generally

people know only a few thread companies in India. Madura Coats Private
Limited is one of them. Almost everyone knows about Madura Coats
Private Limited. This company has grown up as a top level company
which is better known for its quality products.

My office was located in the hub of business in Guwahati i.e. Fancy

Bazaar. The environment and the working condition of my office were
very pleasant. All the employees were very supportive. They guided and
helped me whenever I approached them. As a whole this summer
training proved as a learning experience for me.

10
11
 INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

1. Name of the Organization: Madura Coats Private Limited.

2. Project Title: 1) Profiling of Readymade Garment (RMG)

Manufacturers at Depot Area.

2) Revival of Anchor Stitch Kits in Schools.

12
3. Duration: 2 Months

4. Place: Guwahati

5. Organizational Guide: Mr. Sasanka Talukdar

Area Sales Manager,

Guwahati.

OBJECTIVE

The project in Madura Coats Private Limited is intended to

examine the complete details of Readymade Garment Manufactures
(RMG) Markets in Guwahati, Nagaon, Shillong, Tinsukia and
Barpeta and also to introduce Anchor Stitch Kits in the Schools of
Guwahati.

13
The aim of the project is to determine the prospect and acceptability of
Coats’ product within the Readymade Garment industries and also to
create a demand of Anchor Stitch Kits within the schools.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

 To gain detailed knowledge of given topic and the related topics.

 To provide the related company with detailed analysis of the
project using various Marketing skills, concepts and tools.
 To learn and practice the Marketing skills during the project.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

 To strengthen the base while doing the project before opting for
specialization in Marketing.
 To gain some practical knowledge in the field of Marketing.

METHODOLOGY

I. SECTOR & PLAYERS:

A. SECTOR – Madura Coats Private Limited

B. PLAYERS –

• Vardhaman Threads
• American & Efird
• WuxiXin Shenyuan Threads

14
 • Local Unregistered Brands

II. SOURCES OF DATA:

For collecting necessary data two sources have been used. They are

primary data & secondary data.

A. Primary Data:

Face to face discussion with the Area Sales Manager, Territory

Sales In-charge, Owners of Factories of Readymade Garments’
(RMG), Tailors, Dealers, Principal of Schools and the
employees of Madura Coats Private Limited, Guwahati.

B. Secondary Data:

1. Various Reports of the above mentioned companies

2. Sales Report of the company.

3. Also through Company websites and Search

Engines i.e.

• www.coatsindia.com
• www.vardhamanthreads.com
• Google

15
 COMPANY
PROFILE

3.1 NAME OF THE COMPANY: Madura Coats Private

Limited

3.2 HEAD OFFICES:

Coats India – Office

7th Floor Jupiter, 2A – Block,

Prestige Technology Park,

16
 Sarjapur – Marthahalli Ring Road,

Bangalore- 560 087

Madura Coats Private Limited

144, Mahatma Gandhi Road,

P.B. No. 5145,

Bangalore – 560 001

3.3 BRANCH OFFICE:

Coats India - Guwahati

Mahatma Gandhi Road,

Fancy Bazaar, P.O. Box No.- 40

Guwahati – 781 001

Assam

3.4 DEPOTS:

1) Ahmedabad

2) Bangalore- Consumer

3) Bangalore- Industrial

4) Bhubaneshwar

5) Bombay- Consumer

6) Delhi- Consumer

17
 7) Delhi- Industrial

8) Ernakulam

9) Goregaon

10) Gurgaon

11) Guwahati

12) Howrah

13) Hyderabad

14) Indore

15) Jaipur

16) Kanpur

17) Kolkata

18) Ludhiana

19) Chennai- Consumer

20) Chennai- Industrial

21) Noida

22) Patna

23) Pune

24) Tirupur

3.5 ABOUT THE COMPANY:

COATS:

18
 Coats is the world’s largest supplier of Industrial sewing thread
and crafts products. Coats India is a multinational company which was
established in 1824 and it is headquartered in the UK. Geographically
it is organized into five regions – North America, South America,
Europe, South Asia and East Asia. Coats' wide product range delivers
solutions for every conceivable application - be it jeans and trainers, or
automotive airbags and bullet-proof vests. It is the world’s second
largest and fastest growing manufacturer of top quality zip fasteners.
With 22% global market share and operations in 67 countries, Coats is
clearly the market leader. It has the unique ability to service their
customers anywhere in the world with a globally consistent product,
innovative service, creative ideas and superior technical solutions.
Throughout the long history, Coats people have established a tradition
of landmark innovations in products, colour technology and
manufacturing processes. And many of their innovations have become
the global industry standard.

Coats has, by far, the most comprehensive product range

catering to the needs of a multitude of industries - footwear, mattress
and quilting, automotive, outdoor and camping goods, furniture and
filtration, to name a few.

The manufacturing expertise and the extensive experience in

servicing the needs of customers are unmatched by any of its
competitors. These assets were further enhanced by the acquisition of
Barbour Threads whose expertise in threads for special applications
dates back to 1784 when its first linen mill was established in Northern
Ireland.

Coats’ unswerving commitment to quality is highlighted by the

fact that all the key units are accredited with QS 9000, Ford Q1 Mark,
SATRA Quality Mark and many more.

GLOBAL OFFER:

Recognising the need of the apparel industry for global supply

chain partners, Coats has launched the Global Offer, a range of threads
designed and manufactured to global specifications for a vast range of

19
applications. These products are Oeko-Tex certified and quality is
audited by one centrally located team.

Its global service network, uniform product specifications and a

single colour numbering system make it easy for the customers to
source and use Coats Global Offer threads anywhere in the world
thereby making it convenient for them to truly exploit the benefits of
global sourcing.

The Coats Global Retailer Services programme supports the

global sourcing needs of large retailers and brand owners through
many innovative services along with the Global Offer.

For apparel sewing the Global Offer consists of four brands

supported by the Coats Global Colour Reference shade range of close
to a thousand shades.

GLOBAL RETAILER SERVICES:-

Coats Global Retailer Services programme works in partnership

with retailers, brand owners, mail order companies or buying houses to
deliver quality sewing products to their contractors. As the world's
largest thread manufacturer and distributor, Coats has the capability to
serve the organisation's international sourcing needs flexibly.

This service is of strategic importance to retailers because it

provides critical control of sourcing at a very early stage in the supply
chain. Whether it's the product or the technical advice, the unrivalled
worldwide ability ensures that it provide support where it's most
needed.

MADURA COATS PRIVATE LIMITED:

20
 In India ‘Coats India’ is better known as ‘Madura Coats Private
Limited’, which is headquartered in Bangalore. Coats India is the
thread division of Madura Coats Private Limited, a subsidiary of Coats
Ltd, the only truly global thread and zip supplier operating out of 65
countries. Coats India manufactures and markets a complete range of
cotton, synthetic and corespun threads for the Indian and export
markets.

Through a network of 21 sales offices backed by six

manufacturing units located close to major thread consuming centres
its service is unrivalled in India.

Madura Coats, with over a hundred year history in India, also

operates another division, Global Thread Supply India (GTSI) which
caters to the grey thread requirements of Coats companies worldwide.

Coats India manufactures a complete range of cotton, synthetic and

corespun threads for the Indian and Export markets. It has two business
segments - Consumer and Industrial. In Consumer segment it deals with –
(1) Sewings, (2) Handicrafts, (3) Zips. And in Industrial segment it deals
(1) Apparel Thread, (2) Embroidery, (3) Zips. The product range in
Consumer Threads includes ANCHOR - the finest handicraft threads for
embroidery, DOLI - a value for money embroidery range and ANCHOR
QUICK STITCH KITS popular among embroidery hobbyists. For the
Tailoring trade, there are premium brands like AMETO - the World Class
thread, and a range of popular brands such as SPADE and MOON that
have been trusted by tailors all over India for decades.

For industrial customers, Coats India offers virtually every type of

thread including Nylon threads branded APTAN for the shoe upper
industry, Polyester threads branded ASTRA for the ready made
garment industry and Corespun threads branded KOBAN for the
leather garment industry.

Coats India’s products are distributed through a wide network of

21 consumer and industrial sales offices across the country, supported

21
by a base of 25,000 direct and 2,00,000 indirect customers. Coats
India has its manufacturing units in 7 locations countrywide and has 25
branches across India. Coats India enjoys undisputed leadership in
quality and service in the Indian market and is rapidly increasing its
presence in export markets.

GLOBAL THREAD SUPPLY INDIA (GTSI):

Global Thread Supply India (GTSI) is that division of Madura

Coats Private Limited responsible for implementing the Coats Global
Thread Supply strategy in India. This division has spinning and twisting
mills located in Madurai, Tuticorin and Ambasamudram. In addition to
the operating these mills to exacting global standards, the division is
involved with outsourcing of grey thread to bridge the gap between
demand and internally available supply.

GTSI is the largest producer of spun polyester thread within

Coats and supplies Coats companies all over the world such as
Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, Egypt, France, Hong
Kong, Honduras, India.

Indonesia, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Peru, Poland,

Romania, Shanghai, Spain, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Thailand, Tunisia,
Turkey and Zimbabwe. The division has an in-house capacity of
150,000 spindles and produces about 240 tons grey thread per week.

3.6 HISTORY OF COATS:

1755- James and Patrick Clark establish a business in Paisley Scotland.

1864- The Clark family start to manufacture thread in Newark, New

Jersey.

22
1890- Coats list on the London Stock Exchange.

1890-1960 - Globalisation of the manufacturing operations.

1961- Merger with Patons & Baldwins , forms Coats Patons.

1986- Merger with Vantona Viyella forms Coats Viyella.

2000- Strategic decision to refocus on Coats' global thread business.

2001- Acquisition of DMC Industrial Thread. Coats Viyella Plc renamed

Coats plc.

2003- Guinness Peat Group plc acquires Coats plc and Ordinary shares

are delisted from the Stock Exchange.

2004- As from April 2004, the corporate structure is that Guinness

Peat

Group plc owns 100% of the Ordinary shares in Coats Group

Limited,

which in turn owns 100% of the Ordinary shares in Coats plc.

Landmarks in the history of Madura Coats:

23
1886 - Anchor brand launched in India.

1980 - Coats launched synthetic threads in India.

1988 - Interlinings launched.

1989 - Zips launched.

2001 - Global Thread Supply India formed.

2002 - Coats Ltd increases stake to 95 % in Madura Coats Limited.

3.7 THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS:

Michael Smithyman - He joined Coats as Chief Executive

Officer in October 2003. Previously Mike was CEO of Waco
International, a leading South African conglomerate and prior to that
was Managing Director of BTR Dunlop. Mike has wide experience in
manufacturing, retail, distribution, contracting, and service industries.

Anthony (Tony) Gibbs - He was appointed as a Director in April

2003. He has diverse experience in mergers, acquisitions, divestments
and restructuring. He is Chairman of Turners & Growers Ltd and
Staveley Inc. and an Executive Director of Guinness Peat Group plc; a
Director of Tower Ltd; Vector Ltd and NGC Holdings Ltd. He is a
member of the Coats plc Remuneration Committee and a Fellow of the
Institute of Directors.

Dr Gary Weiss - He holds a bachelor and a masters degree in

law, as well as a Doctor of Juridical Science from Cornell University,
New York. Dr Weiss is an executive director of Guinness Peat Group
plc, chairman of Coats plc, and Ariadne Australia Limited. He is also a
director of Westfield

Holdings Limited, Capral Aluminium Limited and Tower Limited, as well

as various other public companies in Australia.

24
 Blake Nixon - He was appointed a Director in January 2001. He
has been a UK Executive Director of Guinness Peat Group plc since
March 1990. Mr Nixon has wide corporate experience in both the UK
and Australia. He is Chairman of Staveley Industries plc, and has a
number of other directorships including Nationwide Accident Repair
Services plc. He is Chairman of the Coats plc Audit Committee and a
member of the Remuneration Committee.

Rex Wood-Ward - With over 30 years of international

experience in general management, mergers and acquisitions,
corporate strategy and structuring Rex has been a director of several
public companies on three continents. He is currently Chairman and
CEO of Emess PLC, and serves on the boards of three listed companies
in Australia.

3.8 BUSINESS PRINCIPLES:

Madura Coats Private Limited’s business principles will continue

to evolve and adapt to a changing world. The basic foundation is
unchanged from the time of the origin of the Company, and reflects
the basic ideas of fairness, honesty, and a general concern for people.

Coats is committed to the following Business Principles in all countries,

taking into account local legislation, cultural and religious practices:

 Coats’ business objective is to manufacture and market the

company's products in such a way as to create value that can
be sustained over the long term for shareholders, employees,
consumers, and business partners.
 Coats’ does not favour short-term profit at the expense of
successful long-term business development.

25
  Coats’ recognizes that its consumers have a sincere and
legitimate interest in the behavior, beliefs and actions of the
Company behind brands in which they place their trust and
that without its consumers the company would not exist.
 Coats’ believes that, as a general rule, legislation is the most
effective safeguard of responsible conduct, although in certain
areas, additional guidance to staff in the form of voluntary
business principles is beneficial in order to ensure that the
highest standards are met throughout the organization.
 Coats’ is conscious of the fact that the success of a
corporation is a reflection of the professionalism, conduct and
the responsible attitude of its management and employees.
Therefore recruitment of the right people and ongoing training
and development are crucial.
 Coats’ continues to maintain its commitment to follow and
respect all applicable local laws in each of its markets.

3.9 COMPANY’S MISSION:

Coats India's mission is to provide all its customers with products

and services that offer best overall value in term of price,
performance and delivery.

To accomplish its mission, Coats India :-

1. Listen to its customers to understand their services and product

needs.
2. Continually improve and develop its range of services and

products.

3. Ensure that its product specifications remain fully competitive in

any market in which it operates.

4. Ensure that all goods sold fully meet its customer's expectations.

26
 5. Comply with all statutory and regulatory requirements and

requirements of our quality management system.

6. Review the objectives continually and change wherever and

whenever required.

3.10 COATS VALUE STATEMENT:

1). We know what we are doing. We like what we do. We keep

our promise globally.

2). We recognize that customers pay for actions, not words. We

commit

ourselves to understand and improve customer profitability.

3). We take social, ethical and environmental responsibilities seriously.

4). We use our capacity to imagine, innovate and improve. We take

considered risks. We compete as a team.

5). We are proud of Coats and our collective achievement. We view the

27
 future with confidence.

3.11 AWARDS:

GOLDEN STATUS:

Coats India won the prestigious Golden status award at 1997.

ISO 9001:2000:

Coats India is the first sewing thread manufacturer to receive ISO

9001:2000 from Bureau Veritas Quality International for design and
manufacture of cotton, polyester, polyamide and core spun threads.

OEKO TEX STANDARD:

Coats India has also been awarded the Oeko Tex standard 100 from
BTTG Manchester for white and dyed sewing and embroidery threads
of polyester for the apparel, footwear and related industries.

ANNUAL AWARD:

28
Coats India has walked off with the Annual Award for 2002 from the
prestigious Synthetic Rayon and Textile Export Promotion Council. This
has been awarded 8 times in a row, backed up by state of the art
machinery, advance technical process and expertise of Coats Plc UK.

SRTEPC EXPORT AWARD:

Coats India has been awarded SRTEPC award for ninth year in a row in
2003, in recognition of outstanding performance in sewing thread
exports.

TRADE PROFILE

29
4.1 COATS PRODUCT RANGE:

Coats India manufactures a complete range of cotton, synthetic and

corespun threads for the Indian and Export markets. It has two business
segments - Consumer and Industrial. In Consumer segment it deals with –
(1) Sewings, (2) Handicrafts, (3) Zips. And in Industrial segment it deals
(1) Apparel Thread, (2) Embroidery, (3) Zips. The product range in
Consumer Threads includes ANCHOR - the finest handicraft threads for
embroidery, DOLI - a value for money embroidery range and ANCHOR
QUICK STITCH KITS popular among embroidery hobbyists. For the
Tailoring trade, there are premium brands like AMETO - the World Class
thread, and a range of popular brands such as SPADE and MOON that
have been trusted by tailors all over India for decades.

For industrial customers, Coats India offers virtually every type of

thread including Nylon threads branded APTAN for the shoe upper
industry, Polyester threads branded ASTRA for the ready made
garment industry and Corespun threads branded KOBAN for the
leather garment industry.

Generally products are classified in the following ways given below:

 Sewing Threads

30
 - Cotton

- Staple spun polyester (SSP)

 Non-sewings Threads

- Cotton

 Handicrafts and Stitch Kits

 Interlinings
 Zips.

4.1.1 SEWING THREADS:

The world of Coats apparel sewing threads touches

nearly every person on this planet, every single day.

Coats apparel threads are an integral part of every

article of clothing in one’s wardrobe - from shirts to
suits and designer wear to protective workwear, Coats’
threads are preferred by the world's leading brand
owners, retailers and manufacturers.

For the vast range of garment types offered in the

marketplace, Coats offers a wide range of threads
available as part of its Global Offer. These are sewing
threads designed and manufactured to global
specifications for sewing and embroidery.

From high performance corespun to general purpose spun polyester

threads, Coats’ international product range for apparel sewing is
available in close to a thousand shades worldwide.

Coats apparel sewing threads are supported by Coats Sewing

Solutions, a range of value added services designed to improve
quality of garments and productivity on the shopfloor.

31
COTTON SEWING SOLUTIONS:

Coats threads are supported by Coats Sewing Solutions, a range of

value added services designed to improve the quality of garments and
productivity on the shop floor.

Coats Precheck : A service to assist in improving Right First Time

(RFT) of sewn products, reducing production costs and lowering bulk
production throughput time.

Coats Spectrum : A service that identifies the most appropriate

match to the fabric shade and delivers a thread sample.

Coats PES: A value added service that offers Productivity

Enhancement Solutions.

Coats Embroidery Solution Centre: A service that aim at providing

customers with the latest embroidery solutions, advances in
techniques, machines, materials and software.

Coats Fastsolve: A service designed to solve sewing problems which

arise when there is an interface between the thread, needle and
sewing machine.

Coats Simplify: A service that disseminates knowledge on a range of

subjects like colours, seams and sewn thread technology, reducing
pucker etc.

Coats Futuro: An initiative which helps in the innovation of new

products by participating in the product development cycle.

What is a Thread?

A linear medium used for sewing and non sewing applications.

32
  Two or more number of yarns in a twisted form.
 Yarns can be made out of various fibres as polyester, cotton,
nylon etc.

What is Fibre?

A fibre is a hair like substance which is the basic element in textiles.

This is the basic raw material used for sewing thread manufacturing.

Generally fibres can be classified as follows:

(A) Natural-

1] Vegetable – (a) Cotton

2] Animal – (b) Wool

3] Mineral – (c) Asbestos

(B) Manmade-

1] Regenerated – (a) Rayon

2] Synthetics –

(a) Inorganic – Glass

(b) Organic – 1) Polypropylene

2) Polyvinyl

3) Polyamide

4) Polyester

33
 Fiber
Natural Manmade
Vegetable Regenerated Synthetics

Cotton Rayon Inorganic Organic

Animal Glass Polypropylene

Wool Polyvinyl

Mineral Polyamide

Asbestos Polyester

THREAD CLASSIFICATION:

1. By substrate
• Cotton
• Polyester
• Nylon
• Rayon
2. By construction
• Staple spun
• Continuous Filament
3. By finish
• Soft
• Mercerised
• Glace
4. By application
• General sewing
• Embroidery
• Overlock etc.

34
FIBRES USED IN MANUFACTURE OF THREAD:

1) Natural Fibres
 Cotton - Soft - Spade, Griffin

- Mercersied - Anchor, Doli

- Glace - Chain, Bear, Krishna

2) Man Made Fibres

 Regenerated - Rayon - Doli (X910)
 Synthetic - Polyester- Ameto, Moon, Spadepoly

- Nylon

- Polypropylene

ATTRIBUTES OF A GOOD THREAD:

 Adequate strength.
 Balanced twist.
 Low level of imperfections - hairiness & knots.
 Good regularity.
 Even lubrication.
 Moderate elongation.

THREAD PARAMETERS:

Quality parameters:

 Substrate
 Size (Tkt No.)
 Shade

Selling parameters:

35
  Article (Art.)
 Ticket (Tkt.)
 Shade
 Package length
 Box content
 Carton content
 Price

TYPES OF THREADS:

 Spade - 2 Ply 800 metres. tubes Art. 1393 Tkt 40.

 Spade - Art. 1013 - 2 Ply, 350 metres.
 Spade - Art. X389/060 - 2 Ply, 400 metres.

- General stitching.

- Cotton overlock.

- "Tie and dye" segment - over dyeing.

 Griffin - 4 cord, 300 metres spool. Art. 552 M/040

- Eyebrow threading thread.

- NIV, Tg, CLU, Carton content.

 Ameto 80 - 3 Ply 150 metres tube. Art.N037M/080

- Premium trouser and shirt stitching thread.

- Available in over 250 shades and 10 assortment

shades.

 Ameto 100 - 3 Ply 100 metres. Art. 3023 Tkt100

- Shirt specialist - 115 shades.

- Soft feel, high strength, one tube for one shirt.

- Available in 3 assortment shades.

 Ameto 70 - 3 Ply 300 metres. Art.N037 tkt 70

36
 - High strength.

- Ideal length for suit stitching - 60 shades.

 Moon - 3 Ply 130 metres. Art. 6362M/080

- Gents tailoring- trousers/shirts, as well as ladies.

- Over 400 shades in 6362M and over 20 assortment

shades.

 Spade Poly - 2 Ply, 180 meters. Art. 3841M

- Ladies garments, children's garments, Readymade

Garments (RMG).

- Over 450 shades and about 17 assortment shades.

 Gun - Art. 563 - 4 cord, 300 mtrs cotton

 Gun - Art. 564 - 4 cord, 400 mtrs cotton
 Krishna - Art. V170B - 3 Ply, 900 mtrs cotton

 Book binding, ledger binding

 Kite flying
 Quilt stitching

Anchor-

 Art. 4625 -6 strand, premium cotton 8 mtrs skeins

 Art. 4652M - 8 metallic shades

 Art. 4615 - Multi coloured skeins

 Art. 4054- Crochet cotton

- Tkt. 20 and Tkt.40

 Art. 4057 - Knitting cotton

 Art. 4591 - Pearl cotton, 2 Ply

Doli-

 Art. X954 - 6 strand, premium cotton skeins

 Art. X910 - Rayon embroidery 2X150 denier art.

37
IMPORTANCE OF SEWING THREADS IN GARMENTS:

 Thread cost in a garment might be a small component, when

compared to the total garment cost.
 When it comes to performance, thread is as good as fabric in the
garment life.
 Sewing thread performance should be measured, not only during
sewing, but in the sewn product life as well.

STITCH TYPES:

When it comes to domestic tailoring there are basically 2 types of

stitches used – viz: lock stitch and 3 thread overlock.

THREAD CONSUMPTION RATIOS:

• 301 Lock stitch - 1 : 2.5

• Needle – 50%
• Bobbin – 50%

• 504 Over lock - 1 : 14

• Needle - 25%
• Loopers – 75%

IMPORTANT SEAM PROPERTIES:

1) Seam strength
2) Seam elongation
3) Resistance to abrasion
4) Color fastness (Thread)

38
1) Seam Strength:

Sean Strength may be defined as the load required to break the seam
when it is applied at right angles to the seam.

Seam strength for a lock stitch = STS X SPI X 1.5

STS = Single Threads Strength

SPI = Stitches Per Inch

2) Seam Elongation:

Seam elongation is the additional length gained from the actual seam
while applying stretch/load in the seam. It is expressed in percentage
(%).

Controlled elongation in the thread offers the required seam elongation

without seam breakage.

3) Resistance to Abrasion:

Resistance to abrasion may be defined as the resistance to external

abrasion as rubbing, washing etc. It decides the life of the seam in
garment.

4) Colour Fastness (Thread):

Colour fastness may be defined as the standing capacity of the thread

under various conditions as washing, detergent, sunlight etc. It
normally expressed with Grade 1 to 4. Higher the grade, better the
colour fastness is.

4.1.2 INTERLINING:

39
What is Interlining ?

An Interlining is a reinforcing material used in sewing for the following

reasons:

 To reinforce a particular area in a sewn garment

 To improve the life of a particular component in a garment
 To emphasize a particular design element in a sewn product.

Interlining can be classified as follows:

(A) Wovens-

1] Non- Fusible – a) Soft, b) Stiff

2] Fusible –

a) Scatter Coated – LDPE

b) Rotoprint – LDPE, HDPE

(B) Non-Wovens

Interlinings

Wovens Non- Wovens

Non-Fusible Fusible

Soft Scatter Coated Rotoprint

Stiff LDPE LDPE

HDPE

INTERLINING PARAMETERS:

40
 Quality parameters:

 Interlining type
 Substrate

Selling parameters:

 Article (Art.)
 Ticket (Tkt)
 Shade
 Length per roll
 Rolls per bale
 Price

INTERLINING RANGE:

• MCL – Premium
• LDPE coated interlinings (Rotoprint & scatter coated).
• Primarily for the Tailoring trade.

• Coats – Basics
• Non fusible interlinings.
• Primarily for industrial applications.

• Coats – Ultimate
• HDPE coated interlinings (Rotoprint).
• Primarily for Industrial applications.

CRUCIAL PARAMETERS:

41
Fabric Construction. - Yarn count & EPI X PPI

Fabric Weight - GSM (Gms /Sq. Mts.)

Stiffness - Bending length

Crease Recovery - Percentage (%) of recovery

Fusing Properties:

- Peel bond strength

- Wash resistance

Depends on Time, Temperature and Pressure.

TYPES OF INTERLININGS:

 Wide LDPE range

 Art.1216 - Stiff collars
 Art. 1616 - Medium stiff collars
 Art. 1919 - Soft collars
 Art. 2121 - Superior soft collars
 Art. 2626 - Soft IL for plackets
 Art. 659BD - Medium stiff for cuffs
 Art. 7777D - Medium stiff, multi purpose
 Art. 3030 - Single layer soft plackets
 Art 3001D - 112 cms. width.

ADVANTAGES OF COATS’ INTERLINING:

• Preshrunk fabric-ensuring no shrinkage

42
 • Coating is done with the imported Caratsch machine ensures the
best coating in the world
• Using imported coating powder resulting in High bond strength,
life of the collar is more
• Dot pattern is more even resulting in no bubbles on the collar
• In house quality assurance dept. Most of our competitors do not
have this facility
• Got all range of IL from soft to stiff.
• Meter folding in each and every roll ensuring correct length
compared to certain competitors.

4.1.3 ZIPPERS:

Today's zip has come a long way since its first application as a closing
system formailbags more than a century ago. Now it is an important
fashion accessory made from metal, polyester and nylon materials,
and is offered in many different shapes, sizes and colours.

Coats is the second largest zip manufacturer in the world. Under the
OPTI brand, Coats offers a wide range of zips suitable for all kinds of
industrial applications in the apparel and speciality sectors, as well as
for craft and home sewing usage. The Opti range of zip is backed by
unrivalled technology, designed to give Coats customers a product
they trust.

What is Zip ?

A Zipper is a fastening device consisting of two parallel narrow tapes

with attached interlocking elements, which can be opened or closed
with a sliding device. The elements are engaged due to the gear
principle and separate when the sliding device is pulled in the opposite
direction.

Zipper can be classified as follows:

43
(A) Spiral –

1] Sewn In – a) Loosely Formed Coil (LFC)

b) Closely Formed Coil (CFC)

c) Invisible

2] Woven In – ‘S’ Types

(B) Metal

(C) Plastic

Zippers

Spiral Metal Plastic

Sewn In Woven In

LFC ‘S’ Types

CFC

Invisible

ZIPPER PARAMETERS:

Quality parameters:

 Zipper type
 Colour
 Length

Selling parameters:

 Art

44
  Tkt
 Shade
 Pieces per pouch
 Pouches per box
 Boxes per carton
 Price

TYPES OF ZIPPERS:

MCL:

 Premium, high quality 8'' & 9" zips

 50 fast moving shades
 Ideal running loads - for smooth running

TLR:

 8'' zips.
 Also available in assortments of 60 zips- 4 different shades.

GUN:

 8” zips
 CFC Zips

ADVANTAGES OF COATS ZIPPERS:

 The teeth of each MCL Zip is made from high quality

monofilament, which makes zip last longer and perform
smoothly, MCL survives 15,000 cycles on reciprocator test.
 The tape is made of superior polyester which adds strength and
flexibility to the zip. As a result the zip fits better in the trouser,
takes the shape of the trouser and does not bulge awkwardly
 In MCL zips there will not be any gap between the teeth. This
ensures that the zip will remain tightly locked when the zip is
closed.

45
  100% inspection – tight quality control and 100% inspection is
carried out during the manufacturing process to ensure that
customer gets a defect free, durable zip consistently.

4.2 TERMS USED IN THREAD INDUSTRY:

To work in a thread industry it is very important to know the meaning

of various terms that are being used by the company in their day to
day business.

(A) TEXTILE TERMS:

Abrasion:

The act or result of rubbing during laundering or normal wear.

Generally synthetic threads have superior abrasion resistance than
cellulosic threads. Poly core yarns have good abrasion resistance
needed in many pre-washed garments.

Aesthetics:

Refers to the appearance of the thread in the finished seam and can be
affected by: Contrast stitching Color matching Sheen of the thread Size
of the thread.

AFIS:

Advanced Fiber Information System made by Uster. This instrument is

used for measuring fiber length and diameter, short fiber content, and
neps per gram. Used to monitor the incoming raw materials, opening

46
and carding equipment efficiencies of removing short fiber and fiber
imperfections.

Air Splice:

A means of joining ends of thread with high pressure air. Produces a

union not as thick as weavers knot so a better quality product is
produced.

Anti - stat:

A chemical used to reduce the static electric charges produced in a

thread. The finish is usually required on synthetic threads.

Anti - wicking:

Usually refers to finish put on the thread to prevent liquid from

migrating through the thread. This finish is sometimes put on cotton
threads used in tents, awnings, and tea bags.

Bartack:

A pattern of stitches sewn on a cycle machine used to re - enforce

seams, attach belt loops etc. Bartackers are available to make either a
lockstitch or a single - thread tack. The most common single thread
bartacker is a Reece S - 2 machine.

Basting:

Refers to temporary stitch used in tailored garments to hold garment

pieces together until another operation is performed. Most
manufacturers use 100% cotton thread which is later pulled and
thrown away.

47
Blindhemming:

Refers to a 103 Efc - 1 hemming operation. Many manufacturers use

either a spun or a textured polyester thread for this operation.

Bobbin:

A bobbin is a yarn package in which single yarn is wound in a textile

mill.

Bobbin thread:

A small round source of thread used as the bottom thread in a lock

stitch machine. It does not go back and forth like the needle swing
thread does. Also called bottom thread in lock stitch machine or looper
thread on a chasinstitch or overedge machine.

Bonded finish:

Refers to the finish applied to continuous filament synthetic threads

which coat the fibers giving the thread better ply security and abrasion
resistance.

Bottom weights:

They are heavy weight fabrics used for jeans, overalls, jackets etc.
These fabrics require heavy thread size with good needle resistance.

Bound seam:

A seam where a binding or a piping is sewn on the edge of the seam

usually with the assistance of a folder on a sewing machine .

48
Breakage(thread):

Thread breakage can be caused due to a number of variables viz.

Weak thread or wrong thread for operation Thread defects including
knot slubs etc. Thread with too much stretch or elongation Mal
adjusted sewing machine Operator handling.

Busted seam construction:

Seams that are pressed flat after the panels have been serged and
then sewn. Used on tailored garments like coats, slacks, dresses etc.

Buttonsewing:

Is usually sewn either a single thread or a lock stitch cycle machine set
up to attach the buttons. Usually a 100% cotton thread is
recommended on machines that do not have a thread trimmer. On
machines with thread trimmers, most core or spun polyester threads
can be used.

Buttonholing:

Is usually sewn on either a single machine thread or lockstitch cycle

machines set up to make buttonholes. Buttonhole machines can be
complicated and cause many sewing problems. Many manufacturers
use 100% cotton thread or a core thread on these machines to
minimise thread breakage or skipped stitches.

Blow room:

The first department in pre - spinning unit of any yarn whose main
functions include: Opening Cleaning Mixing Formation of a product
suitable for carding.

Carding:

A process used in the manufacturing of staple yarns which separates,

cleans, aligns, and delivers the fibers in a sliver form. The machine

49
consists of a series of rolls , the surfaces of which are covered with
projecting wires or metal teeth.

Chaining - off:

Refers to what a sewing operator does when he sews off the fabric at
the end of a seam but the machine continues to form a stitch.

Chainstitch:

Usually refers to a 401 double - locked stitch where the needle thread
is inter looped with a bottom looper thread on the underside of the
seam. Usually a size smaller, the looper thread can be used and still
maintain the seam strength, because of the way the threads are
interlooped. Most main seams sewn in apparel are sewn with this stitch
formation.

Classimat:

A Uster testing machine used to measure the frequency and grade the
size of yarn imperfections in single yarn or plied sewing thread.

Colorfastness:

The ability of the thread to retain its color during wear, laundering
and/or when exposed to sunlight. Polyester threads usually exhibit the
best colorfastness. Vat dyed cotton have reasonable colorfastness
qualities. Threads used to contrast stitching should have "AA"
colorfastness rating.

Color matching:

Refers to the selection of the thread that will match the fabric it is
sewn into.

50
Combing:

A step subsequent to carding which straightens the fibers and extracts

neps, foreign matters and short fibers. Combing produces a more
stronger, more even, finer, compact and smoother yarn.

Compatibility:

Usually refers to the thread to follow another thread supplier, thread

type or thread color on the sewing floor with minimum machine
adjustments.

Contrast Stitching:

Refers to the sewing of thread into fabric of a different color. It is

recommended that a 100% polyester thread be used to reduce the
chance of color migration. If 100% cotton thread are used, they should
have an "AA" rating.

Corespun thread:

Thread made by wrapping a cotton or polyester staple cover around a

continuous filament bundle of polyester fibers. Two or more of these
yarns are then plied to make sewing thread. When using a cotton
wrap, the yarn had good needle heat resistance. Core threads are used
in everything from fine blouses to heavy coveralls depending upon the
thread size. Core threads are recommended on automatic sewing
machines.

Cord:

Another term used for the number of plies in thread construction.

51
Coverstitch:

A stitch generally used to seam knit underwear, athletic wear, etc and
consists of at least two needle threads, a looper thread and a top
spreader or cover thread. Usually a spun polyester or textured
polyester is used on machines producing these stitch formations: 602 2
needles, 1 looper, 1 spreader 605 3 needles, 1 looper and 1 spreader
606 4 needles, 4 loopers and 1 spreader 607 4 needles, 1 looper and 1
spreader.

Cut Stitches:

Refers to threads of a previously sewn stitch line being cut during a

subsequent sewing operation. Decorative stitch: The sewing thread to
accent a pocket, collar or some other part of the garment. Usually this
thread is a different color from the body fabric (contrast stitching).

Defect:

Refers to a quality imperfection found in the thread. Some thread

defects may include: Slubs Slack twist Knots Corkscrew twist Neps
Singles kinks.

Denier:

Is the gram weight of 9000 m of thread. This thread numbering system

is used for continuous filament threads and is called the direct
numbering system.

Doubling:

The process of winding two or more single yarns or filaments parallel

to one another on the bobbin used for Two - for - one twisting machine.

52
Drawing:

A process used to blend 6 to 8 ends of sliver and draft the sliver down
to the appropriate grain weight for the next operation.

Edge finishing:

Refers to a class of seams where a single ply of fabric is either folded

on the edge (hemming) or serged.

Elasticity:

Refers to how much a seam will stretch before the thread ruptures.
Usually the threads with higher elongation will give greater seam
elasticity. Also stitch formations that use more threads will have
greater elasticity like overedge or coverstitch seam construction. The
number of stitches per inch and the stitch balance can also affect seam
elasticity.

Elongation:

Refers to how and when a thread stretches which is usually measured

at the breaking point of the thread. Threads that stretch excessively
under normal sewing tension can cause excessive skipped stitches and
thread breakage.

Embroidery:

The sewing thread with small and numerous stitches for identification
or for decoration. If a high sheen is required, either a filament
polyester or rayon is generally used. Care should be taken when using
100% cotton threads which might bleed on the fabric unless the thread
has "AA" specification.

53
Fadeometer:

A lab testing machine used to test the long - term effect of light on
sewing thread color and strength.

False twist:

The process where continuous filaments of polyester or nylon are

entangled usually by pin, disc or belt texturing machines.

Felling:

This term usually refers to a double - lapped seam used on jeans; or it

refers to blind stitching operations used on tailored garments.

Finishes:

Usually refers to the thread lubricant that is applied to the thread to

protect it form needle heat and to give it good lubricity characteristics.
Two methods are used to apply lubrication: "lick - roll" lubrication and
"exhaust lubrication". We use both the processes depending upon the
thread type and size.

Flammability:

Usually refers to an OSHA requirement on children wear where the

seam should not support combustion.

Flagging:

Refers to a sewing problem caused by the fabric moving up with the

needle as the needle rises to form a needle loop. Flagging can cause
poor loop formation and skipped stitches.

54
Flatlock:

606 coverstitch machine using 4 needles, 4 loopers and a top cover

thread. Usually right twist cotton or spun polyester are recommended
in the needle positions on this feed - off - the - arm machine.

Flatseamer:

607 coverstitch machine using 4 needles, 1 looper and a top cover

thread. Usually textured or spun polyester are used for this type of
feed - off - the - arm machine.

Folder:

A work - aid used on a sewing machine to help fold the fabric as it is

being sewn.

Garment dyeing:

Generally refers to as process where 100% cotton garments are dyed

after they are assembled to minimise finished good inventories.

Gassing:

The process where spun cotton thread is passed through one or more
flames at high speed to reduce the hairs on the surface of the thread.

Gimp:

Refers to the buttonhole gimp which is used in eyelet buttonhole

machines to give the buttonhole better strength and a more defined
appearance.

55
Glace finish:

A finish put on cotton thread which is made of starches, waxes and

other additives. This coating protects the thread during sewing giving it
better ply security and abrasion resistance.

Hemming:

The folding and sewing of the bottom edge of the fabric.

Hook (shuttle):

Stitch forming device used in Lock - stitch machine which includes a

bobbin. On rotary hook machines, the hook makes two revolutions for
every rotation of the handwheel or stitch formation.

Initial modulus:

Refers to the initial resistance to stretching under normal sewing

machine tensions. Higher the initial modulus, the better loop formation
characteristics the thread will have therefore fewer skipped stitches
and thread breakage.

King tube:

A thread cone with vertical tube and a horizontal base which is used
for filament polyester and nylon threads, and glaced cotton threads.

Knits:

Fabric construction in which the adjacent yarns are interlooped. Some

common types of knit fabrics are: Double knit Tricot Warp knit Rib
Knits are susceptible to needle cutting and fabric damage.

56
Knots:

Knots are used to join ends of thread together. In thread there can be
single knots or ply knots. Knots can be eliminated by the use of air -
splicers. Knots can cause thread breakage, as it is not able to pass
through the needle hole during sewing.

Lockstitch (301 stitch):

A term used for machine that uses a needle and hook or bobbin to
form a stitch. This is the most common stitch used on industrial sewing
machines. Usually a good quality thread is needed to sew on a
Lockstitch machine because the number of times the thread goes back
and forth through the machine before being sewn into the seam. A
textured polyester thread is not recommended.

Loop formation:

Usually refers to the formation of the needle loop on the back side of
the needle which must be picked up by a hook, looper or spreader in
order to form a stitch.

Looper :

A stitch forming device used to interloop the bottom thread with the
needle thread on a chainstitch, overedge or coverstitch machine. In
many cases, the looper thread may be one or two sizes smaller than
the needle thread without significant loss in seam coverage.

Loop strength:

Refers to the strength of the thread when broken with one end looped
to the other end similar to the interlocking of the thread in a lockstitch
formation. With most threads, the loop strength is greater than the
single yarn strength.

57
Looper thread:

Refers to the bottom thread used in a chainstitch and coverstitch

machine; and the threads that cover the edge of the overedge seam.
Many manufacturers use a textured polyester thread in the looper
position to reduce their thread cost and get the optimum thread
coverage.

Lubricity:

Refers to the frictional characteristics the thread possesses as it

passes through the sewing machine into the seam. Good lubricity will
minimize the thread breakage and enhance sewability.

Mercerizing:

Refers to the process by which the cotton thread is treated under

tension in a solution of caustic soda which causes the fibers to swell
and become more uniform in cross - section. This allows the fibers to
accept dyes more readily, enhances lustre and increases the strength
of the thread. Usually mercerised threads are gassed prior to
mercerization.

Mock safety stitch (512 stitch):

512, four thread overedge that looks like a safety stitch on the top side
of the seam, but the looper thread joins both needle threads with the
edge of the seam. Usually a textured polyester or spun polyester is
recommended on mock safety stitch machines.

Monofilament:

A single filament resembling fishing line. It is extruded through a

spinneret with a specific diameter. Usually monofilaments are used on
blind stitch operations because the thread is translucent and blends
with many colors. It is also very inexpensive when compared to other
sewing threads. It is not recommended for general sewing operations
as it is irritating to touch and unravels easily.

58
Multifilament:

Made of nylon or polyester continuous filaments which are twisted and

plied into a cohesive bundle. They can be soft and twisted or bonded
and twisted. Both these threads are used in luggage etc. Bonded
threads are recommended in the needle positions when sewing hard to
penetrate fabrics because the bond holds the fibers together allowing
better ply security and abrasion resistance.

Needle:

All sewing machines use a needle to carry a loop of thread through the
seam to form a stitch. The nine basic parts of a needle include Butt,
Shank, Shoulder, Blade, Tip, Groove, Eye, and Scarf. Needles come in a
variety of types and sizes depending upon the type of sewing machine
and the operation and the fabric being sewn.

Needle cooler:

Usually refers to special tubing used to direst forced air on to the

needle of high speed sewing machines to reduce needle heat. This is
sometimes necessary while using polyester or nylon sewing threads.

Needle cutting:

Refers to the damage on the fabric by the needle. This is usually more
of a problem with the knits than the wovens.

Needle Heat:

It is caused by the rubbing action of the needle with the fabric as the
needle moves up and down. Needle heat can cause thermoplastic
threads like nylon and polyester to melt. Because of this, lubricants are
put on the thread to lubricate the needle as it passes through the
fabric and also act as a barrier between the hot needle and the thread
when the operator stops sewing. Cellulosic threads will not melt so
they are not affected by the needle heat.

59
Needle size:

Refers to the diameter of the needle generally measured at the needle

eye. Three numbering systems are commonly used: Size 100 Size 040
(All of these are the same size) Size 16

Neps:

Small yarn imperfections caused by the immature fibers, fibers that

are not straightened properly etc.

Non - wicking:

Refers to a finish that can be put on thread to prevent liquids from

migrating through the thread. Quarpel is such kind of a finish that can
be put on cotton wrappeDuro Soft threads.

Nylon:

It is a synthetic fiber which has good strength and excellent abrasion

resistance. Both type nylon 6,6 and nylon 6 an be used to make
threads.

Ornamental Stitching(OS):

Refers to the class of seams where stitches are sewn into a single ply
of fabric for a decorative effect. Hemming a back pocket for a jean is
an example of an ornamental stitching. See embroidery or contrast
stitching.

Overedge:

It is a stitch formation found in the 500 class of stitches. These stitch

formations can be formed by making a triangle of thread aournd the
edge of the fabric being sewn. Three stitch formation devices are
required to form any overedge stitch. Below is a list of more common

60
overedge stitch formations: 501 single thread using a needle, a lower
spreader, and upper spreader. 502 & 503 two thread using a needle,
lower looper and upper spreader. 504 & 505 three thread using a
needle, lower looper and upper looper. 512 & 514 four thread using
two needles, lower looper and upper looper. More manufacturers use
textured or spun polyester on these types of stitch formations.

Overlock:

Usually refers to an over edge stitch formation.

Plain sewer:

Usually refers to a single needle lockstitch machinr using a needle and

a bobbin thread.

Ply or plies:

Refers to the number of single threads twisted together to make a

sewing thread. Most core and spun polyester threads have two or three
ply construction.

Ply security:

Refers to the ability of the fiber in the thread to stay together during
the sewing process. Ply security depends upon the thread construction,
twist per inch, frictional properties of the thread, special finishes and
the degree of entanglement.

Puckering:

Refers to the wrinkled appearance of a seam which can be caused by a

number of factors. This can be categorized into the following groups:
Inherent pucker Feed pucker Drawing pucker Operator handling

61
Purl stitch:

Refers to an overedge stitch usually sewn on the edges of the napkins.

Many manufacturers use textured nylon or polyester sewn with a
dense stitch count to cover the edge properly.

Rayon:

It is a regenerated cellulosic fiber similar to cotton in its physical

characteristics. Rayon is primarily used for embroidery applications.

Roving:

In spun yarn production, it is an intermediate state between sliver and

yarn.

Runbacks:

Refers to the thread sliding out of a seam causing thread failure. This
occurs on knit shirts and under garments that are sewn with an
overedge with a narrow bite. Sewing with light machine thread
tensions will reduce the problem. Also a fuzzy thread like Tora and
Duro Poly will runback less than a textured or filament polyester
thread.

Safety stitch:

Refers to the stitch formations that include both chainstitch and

overedge stitch formations which are made simultaneously. The most
common safetystitch include: 515 (401 & 503) 516 (401 & 504)

62
Seam:

Seam is a series of stitches used to join two or more plies of fabric

together. There are four classes of seams viz: Superimposed seam
Lapped seam Bound seam Flat seam

Seam grinning:

The opening up of a seam when stress is applied to it either due to

much needle thread in the seam or high thread elongation.

Serging:

Refers to the over edging of a single ply of a fabric to prevent it from

unraveling. The most common serging stitch is a 503 two thread stitch
formation.

Sewability:

Refers to the performance of a sewing machine. Good sewability

means that the thread seldom breaks or skips stitches. Generally 100%
cotton or core threads give the best sewability depending on the
machine and the product being sewn.

Sewing machine:

A machine which uses a needle or needles to form a stitch by

interlocking or interlooping the threads. There are 66 different stitch
formations being formed on 13,000,000 sewing machines worldwide.

Shade matching:

Refers to the selection of a thread color that is close to the fabric color
being sewn into but not necessarily a color match. This is often done to
reduce thread inventories and use up old thread inventories.

63
Shrinkage:

Refers to the dimensional stability of a thread when it is subjected to

heat or boiling water. ASTM Test methods D - 204 describes the
standard test procedures for sewing thread either using boiling water
or dry heat.

Single yarn strength:

Refers to breaking strength of a piece of thread which can be

measured in pounds, ounces, grams etc.

Single equivalent (Resultant count):

The yarn size divided by the number of ply.

Single needle machine:

Refers to a plain sewer or a single needle lockstitch machine using a

needle and bobbin thread to form a stitch.

Single yarn:

Refers to the individual yarn that is spun prior to twisting.

Skipped stitches:

It is caused by a loop being missed during stitch formation causing an

unlocked stitch. A skipped stitch on a chainstitch or overedge stitch will
unravel during laundering causing the seam to open up. Usually a
thread will lower elongation and high initial modulus.

64
Slack twist:

Refers to a yarn where insufficient twist is applied to the thread so that

it has very poor ply security.

Slubs: These are the defects that are sometimes found in spun or
corespun threads that resemble cocoons. They are caused by fibers in
the air getting caught in the yarn as it is spun.

Soft finish:

Refers to the thread that receives no further processing to change its

general physical characteristics. It is dyed to the proper shade and
degree of colorfastness, wound on the proper size package and
lubricated for sewability.

Spinning:

The process used in the production of single yarn where the fibers are
drafted down to the final size and twisted together. Twist in the
individual single yarn is normally applied in 'S' direction.

Spreader:

Refers to a stitch formation device used in an overedge, coverstitch,

blindstitch, button sewer etc to carry another thread to a position so it
can be entered by another stitch forming device. Except for coverstitch
machines, a spreader does not have its own source of thread.

Statimat:

A stress - strain testing machine used to evaluate the strength,

elongation, modulus and tenacity of a thread.

65
Stitches per inch (SPI):

Refers to the number of stitches made in one inch of seam starting at a

needle penetration and measuring the lengths of thread between
thread penetrations.

Spun polyester:

A thermoplastic thread made of staple polye`ster fibers which are spun

into single yarns and then plied into a thread.

Stabilization:

Refers to a process where the elongation the thread is reduced to

enhance loop formation and sewability. This usually increases the
initial modulus or resistance to stretching under normal sewing
conditions. Staple Small fibers with crimp in them used to spin a yarn
or sewing thread. All spun sewing threads are made of staple fiber.

Static electricity:

An electrical charge which affects synthetic materials and threads

during spinning and sewing. An anti - stat is usually put in the finish
and used on synthetic threads to reduce the effect of static electricity.

Stitching:

According to Federal Specification 751A, stitching is the sewing of a

single ply of fabric for the purpose of finishing the edge or to decorate
the seam.

Stitch balance:

Refers to balancing of the top and bottom of the sewing machine

tensions so that the stitch has the correct seam appearance. Usually it
is desirable to balance the stitch with minimum sewing machine thread
tensions.

66
Stretch:

Refers to the elongation of the thread which can effect the sewability
and sewing performance.

Sundries:

Trim items like thread, zippers, buttons, linings etc used in the
manufacturing of a garment.

Tension:

Usually refers to the sewing machine tension needed to set a stitch.

The lightest sewing machine tension is desirable to minimize sewing
problems and enhance sewing performance.

Tex size:

A ticket size of sewing thread that is based on gram weight of 1000 m

of undyed (grey) thread. Tex sizes are rounded off to a smaller size.
For example a Tex size of 42 would be labeled as Tex 40. Textured
threads: Usually refers to the threads that have been false twist
textured to entangle the parallel continuous filaments.

Torque:

Refers to the tendency of the thread to twist back on itself(snarl). This

affects loop formation, thread breakage etc. Minimum torque should be
built into a thread by having the correct twist, heat setting and
frictional characteristics.

TQM:

Total Quality Management refers to the quality management system

committed to customer requirements, processes, employee
participation, and process control.

67
Twist direction:

Most of the sewing threads are ply twisted with a left hand or Z twist.
The reason for this is that in most sewing machines stitch formation
devices enter the needle loop from the right hand side and this
reduces the untwisting of the thread on most plain sewers.

Twist balance:

The absence of torque in a sewing thread.(see torque)

Twist per inch:

Refers to the turns per inch used to spin the single yarn and ply twist.
Usually this twist is determined by a twist multiple.

Ultra Violet Light (UV):

Refers to the light rays that can affect the durability and colorfastness
of a thread. Sometimes an UV inhibitor is used to reduce the amount of
harmful rays from being absorbed by the thread.

Wicking:

Refers to a problem with moisture passing through the thread by

capillary action. Many manufacturers use 100% cotton or cotton
wrappeDuro Soft thread to reduce the amount of wicking. This is
because cotton swells up when it is wet and it prevents the moisture
from passing through the seam. Sometimes an impregnal finish is
given to the thread to increase its resistance to wicking.

Wovens:

Refers to the fabrics that are formed by the warp and weft yarns which
are interwoven together. Wovens have a tighter construction and
stretch less than knits.

68
Yarn defects:

Refers to the thick and thin places in the yarns caused by knots, slubs,
neps, stretching or other imperfection during yarn manufacturing.

Yarn size:

Equal to the equivalent size multiplied with the number of plies. The
cotton count system is used for most spun anDuro Soft spun threads.
This is an indirect numbering system meaning larger the yarn size,
smaller the diameter of the thread. (A 2/28 yarn is bigger in diameter
than 2/45 yarn)

Yield:

Refers to the length of the yarn in yards which will break under its own
weight(in pounds). Given by yards/lbs. This can be calculated by
multiplying the equivalent size (resultant count) by 840 yards.

Zig Zag:

Can be made with a lockstitch machine where the needle moves right
to left as the material is being fed through the machine. Usually a
thread with good ply security is needed for these machines.

(B) EMBROIDERY TERMS:

3D Foam:

Foam that is used to add dimension to an embroidery pattern that is

typically used on caps. The 3D Foam is placed on the topside of the
pattern and stitched over with shortened stitches to cut the Foam. The
excessive foam is then pulled away from the embroidery giving a 3D
appearance. 3D Foams are available in various thickness.

69
Applique:

Decoration or trimming cut from one piece of fabric and stitched to

another, usually with a satin stitch, to add dimension and texture. If
the appliqué occupies a significant amount of the design, the stitch
count can be reduced. 2) In Schiffli embroidery, an embroidered motif
is usually cut away from the base fabric and then stitched onto the
finished product.

Arm Machine:

Embroidery machine that has an arm or cylinder that the hook and
bobbin are mounted in. Allows the use of special frames for
embroidering caps, socks, inside pockets, etc. The cylinder-shaped arm
allows goods to curve around the cylinder for embroidery.

Automatic Color Change:

The ability of a multi-needle embroidery machine to follow a command

to change to another specified needle with a different color thread in it.
Many embroidery heads have as many as ten needles allowing the
digitizer to program the use of ten different thread colors without
stopping the machine.

Backing:

Woven or non-woven material used underneath the item being

embroidered to provide support and stability. Sometimes referred to as
a stabilizer in the home embroidery market. Backing can be large
enough to be hooped with the item being embroidered, or placed
between the machine needle plate and the hooped garment. Available
in various weights and in various types of material that can be either in
precut sheets or rolls. Backings can also be cutaway, tear-away, or
specialty. See also Toppings & 3D-foam.

70
Bean Stitch:

Three stitches placed back and forth between two points. Often used
for outlining because it provides a bolder stitch appearance than a run
stitch and requires fewer stitches than a satin stitch

Bird Nesting:

Collection of thread between the fabric being sewn and the needle
plate that generally causes thread breaks and sewing problems. Bird
nesting can be caused by improper thread tension (needle thread
tension too loose); machine not threaded properly; bobbin case not
installed properly; excessive flagging; and poor digitizing.

Bobbin:

Small spool or reel that is wound with the thread used on lockstitch
machines. Bobbins can be wound on the sewing machine or come pre-
wound from the thread supplier. Generally, pre-wound bobbins contain
much higher yardage than machine wound bobbins allowing for fewer
bobbin changes. The most common bobbin size for embroidery
machines is a style "L" bobbin, even though other special large hook
machines may use style "M" bobbins. One of the most common pre-
wound bobbins used is a T-16 (V-15) CF polyester bobbin.

Bobbin Case:

Round assembly that applies tension to the bobbin thread and holds
the bobbin in the machine. The latch mechanism locks the bobbin case
into the hook. It is important that the embroidery machine operator be
trained to properly install the bobbin case in the machine to minimize
costly repairs of the machine. After the bobbin case in properly
positioned to the bobbin case holder in the hook, it should then snap
on the spindle when it is fully loaded. Most embroidery machines use
an "L" size bobbin and bobbin case; even though sometimes larger
hook styles are used.

71
Bobbin Tension:

Bobbin thread tension should be set so very little thread is consumed

in each stitch. Therefore, the bobbin thread is tight enough to
consistently hold the needle thread down on the underneath side of
the embroidered item.

Bridge Machine:

Embroidery machine with two shafts, one for the hook assembly and
one for the needle assembly. Sewing heads are suspended from a
beam allowing for larger sewing fields than an arm machine. Bridge
machines are accessible from both back and the front of the machine
through the "bridge".

Buckram:

Coarse, woven backing fabric that is usually very stiff. It is used to

stabilize fabric for stitching and commonly used in caps to hold the
front panel with the embroidery pattern erect.

Cap Frames:

Specialized embroidery frames (hoops) designed to hold finished caps

for embroidering. Cap frames are available for flatbed machines where
the finished cap flattened for sewing and for use on arm or cylinder
bed machines for sewing the cap in it's natural curved shape

Chainstitch:

Stitch that resembles a chain link formed with one thread fed from the
bottom side of the fabric. Done on a manual or computerized machine
with a hook that functions like a needle.

72
Check Spring:

Part of the needle thread tension assembly or tensioner that assists in

properly controlling the needle thread to set a good stitch with
minimum sewing interruptions.

Chenille:

Form of embroidery in which a loop (moss) stitch is formed on the

topside of the fabric. Uses heavy yarns of wool, cotton or acrylic.
Created by a chainstitch machine that has been adjusted to form this
stitch type. Also known as loop piling.

Column Stitch:

Formed by closely placed zigzag stitches that are often used to form
borders. Also commonly known as satin stitch

Complex Fill:

Refers to a digitizing capability that allows areas to be designated as

voids at the same time the design's edges, or perimeter points, are
defined. The design can thus be digitized as one fill area, instead of
being broken down into multiple sections.

Condensed Fill:

Method of digitizing in which a design is saved in a skeletal form. A

proportionate number of stitches may later be placed between defined
points after scale, density, and stitch lengths in a design may be
changed.

73
Cylinder Spring:

Refers to machines with "cylinder" beds. The hook assembly is housed

in a cylinder-shaped arm, allowing goods to curve around the cylinder
for embroidery.

Design:

Stitches that compose a pattern or monogram

Design Library/Catalog:

A computer program that catalogs a collection of digitized designs kept

by embroidery shops allowing an embroiderer to access the design by
subject, stitch count, number of colors, or icon.

Digitize:

The computerized method of converting artwork into a series of

commands to be read by an embroidery machine's computer.
Digitizing is extremely important and will determine the quality of the
finished embroidery. Every action of the embroidery machine is
controlled by the digitized program including the movement of the
pantograph to form various stitches, thread changes, thread trims, and
many other functions.

Digitizing Tablet:

A computer-aided design device used by digitizers to plot needle

penetration for embroidery designs. Typically, a pencil drawing of the
design is enlarged and then taped to this tablet. The digitizer then uses
a mouse to select stitch types, shapes, underlay, and actual needle
penetrations.

74
Disk Reader:

An external or internal device used to read the digitized program that

determines the embroidery machine movements.

Editing:

Changing aspects of a design device via a computerized editing

program. Most programs allow the user to scale designs up or down,
edit stitches block by block; merge lettering with the design; move
aspects of the design around; and combine designs or edit machine
commands.

Emblem:

Embroidered design with a finished edge; commonly an insignia of

identification; usually worn on the outer clothing. Historically, an
emblem carried a motto or verse or suggested a moral lesson. Also
know as a crest or patch.

Embroidery:

Embroidery is "thread art" used to embellish a garment, hat or some

other product by adding a sewn pattern. Generally, this sewn pattern
includes a design and can also include lettering and/or monograms.

Embroidery Machine:

Today, embroidery machines can be defined as computer driven

machines that move a pantograph with hooped items in various
directions to form different stitches. Embroidery machines can be
single-head units or come in multiples of heads with multiple needles
per head for production embroidery applications.

75
Embroidery Point:

Unit of measurement in embroidery in which 10 points equals 1mm or

1 point equals .1 mm

Expanded Format:

A design program in which individual stitches in a design have been

specifically digitized for a certain size. Designs punched in this format
cannot generally be enlarged or reduced more than 10 percent to 20
percent without distortion because stitch count remains constant.

Fabric Grin Through:

Where the fabric is seen through the embroidery design either in the
middle of the pattern or on the edge.

Fill Stitches:

One of the three most common stitches used in embroidery along with
the run stitches and satin stitches. Fill stitches are used to cover large
areas and they generally have a flat look. Altering the angle, length
and direction of the stitched pattern can create different types of fill
patterns.

Finishing:

Processes performed after embroidery is complete. Includes trimming

loose threads, cutting or tearing away excess backing, removing
topping, cleaning any stains, pressing or steaming to remove wrinkles
or hoop marks; and packing for sale or shipment.

Flagging:

The up and down motion of the material with the needle that is caused
by improper hooping, the presser foot not being properly adjusted (too

76
much clearance with needle plate), and improper fabric stabilization
(incorrect backing). Named because of its resemblance to a waving
flag. Flagging generally causes improper needle loop formation that
can lead to skipped stitches and thread breakage. Flagging can also
negatively impact the appearance of the finished product resulting in
poor design registration.

Flat Embroidery:

Embroidery that is cut in panels or patches that is framed in hoops on

a flat surface above the embroidery machine's hook assembly.

Frame:

Holding device for goods to be embroidered. Ensures stability of the

goods during the sewing process. May employ a number of means for
maintaining stability during the embroidery process, including clamps,
vacuum devices, magnets, or springs.

Frame Sash:

Part of the pantograph to hold the frames. Also called a sash. Varieties
of sash types include: border, frame, tubular, cap, and sock.

Framing Press:

Machine used to aid the framing or hooping process.

Gapping:

Where the fabric is seen through the embroidery design either in the
middle of the pattern or on the edge.

Hook Assembly:

Stitch forming devise used to interlock the needle thread with the
bottom thread. The hook assembly consists of the following

77
components: hook base, bobbin case holder, retainer or gib, deflector
plate, bobbin case, and bobbin.

Hoop:

Device made from plastic, metal, or wood that grips the fabric tightly
between an inner and outer ring and attaches to the machine's
pantograph. Machine hoops are designed to push the fabric to the
bottom of the inner ring and hold it against the machine bed for
sewing.

Hooping:

Also called "framing". The process where the item to be embroidered is

loaded into a hoop. This hoop will later be loaded or attached to the
pantograph for sewing.

Hooping Board:

Board designed to hold the outer portion of the hoop while the goods
to be embroidered are placed over the board to be hooped. Once the
goods are aligned and placed correctly over the outer hoop, the
operator inserts the inner portion of the hoop. Then the hoop is
removed from the Hooping Board and attached to the pantograph for
sewing. Helps ensure uniform placement of the hoop onto the material.

Jumbo Rotary Hook:

Rotary hook, which holds a bobbin case with a much larger thread
capacity than a standard hook.

Jump Stitch:

Movement of the pantograph and rotation of the sewing head without

the needle moving up and down. Used to move from one point in a
design to another. Also, used to create stitches that are longer than
the machine would normally allow.

78
 Lettering:

Embroidery using letters or words. Often called "keyboard lettering."

Usually computer generated either on the machine or a stand-alone
computer.

Locking Stitch:

Commonly refers to a series of three to four very small stitches (1 mm

or less) either just before a trim or at the beginning of sewing following
a thread trim. Also referred to as Tie In or Tie Off stitches. Used to
prevent the stitching from unraveling after the embroidery is
completed.

Lockstitch:

The name used for a stitch that is formed with a needle and bobbin
thread. The needle thread is interlocked with the bobbin thread to form
a stitch. Also referred to as ISO4915, stitch number 301. On apparel
sewing applications other than embroidery, a well-balanced lockstitch
will use the same amount of needle thread as bobbin thread. On
embroidery applications, this is not true because you never want to
see the bobbin thread on the topside of the sewn product. Therefore
the needle thread is held on the underneath side by the bobbin thread.

Lockstitch Machine:

Machine that forms a stitch using a needle and hook assembly. Most
embroidery machines are lockstitch machines.

Logo:

Name, symbol or trademark of a company or organizations. Short for

logotype.

79
Looping:

Loops on the surface of embroidery generally cause by poor top

tension or tension problems. Typically occurs when polyester top
thread has been improperly tensioned. Looping can also occur as the
result of a skipped stitch.

Low Speed Function:

Setting on the machine that allows the machine to run at a lower

speed than that set by the speed control knob.

Machine Language:

The codes and format used by different machine manufactures within

the embroidery industry. Common formats include Barudan, Brother,
Fortran, Happy, Marco, Meistergram, Melco, Pfaff, Stellar, Tajima,
Toyota, Ultramatic, and ZSK. Most digitized systems can save designs
in these languages so the embroidery machine can read the computer
disk.

Marking:

Marking of goods to serve as an aid in positioning the frame and

referencing the needle start points.

Mirror:

A program menu option that allows reverse imaging of a pattern to be

sewn.

Modular:

Machine system where many separate stitching heads or

configurations of heads are controlled by a central computer.

80
Monogram:

Embroidered design of one or more letters, usually the initials in a

name.

Needle:

The stitch forming devise that carries the thread through the fabric so
it can be interlocked with a bobbin thread. Sewing machine needles
generally have nine basic parts including the butt, shank, shoulder,
blade, groove, scarf or spot, eye, point, and tip. Needles are available
with various points. These include: Sharp points for piercing heavy,
tightly woven fabrics; Ball pointed needles for sewing knits; and, A
variety of specialty points for sewing leather and vinyl. Needles also
come in many sizes. Two of the most common needle size systems are
the metric size (i.e.,60, 70, 75, 80, 90); and the Singer numbering
system (i.e.,9, 12, 14, 16).

Needle Bar:

Bar that carries the needle up and down so a stitch can be formed.
Each embroidery machine head can have up to 15 needle bars that
can be selected to form the embroidery stitch pattern.

Needle Plate:

The metal plate located above the hook assembly of an embroidery

machine. This plate has a hole in the center through which the needle
travels to reach the hook and form a stitch. Also know as a throat
plate.

Network:

1) To link embroidery machines via a central computer and disk drive

system.

81
2) A group of machines linked via a central computer.

Offset:

The ability to move the pantograph out of the stitching area with a
specific movement and then return to the original point. Used for
placing appliqués.

Origin:

The starting point of your design.

Pantographs:

A part of the embroidery machine that rests on the tabletop and moves
the hoop to form the embroidery pattern.

Pantograph:

The bar, rack, or holder on which frames or hoops are attached. The
pantograph moves in X and Y directions to form the embroidery
design, controlled electronically or mechanically depending on the
machine.

Paper Tape:

Media that is made from a continuous reel of paper or Mylar tape

containing x-y coordinate information used to control the pantograph
movement. Computer disks on newer machines have replaced paper
tapes. Pattern storage media that is made from a continuous reel of
paper or Mylar tape containing x-y coordinate information used to
control the pantograph movement. Computer disks on newer machines
have replaced paper tapes.

82
Pencil Rub:

A low-cost way of producing a "sample" of an embroidery design.

Accomplished by placing a piece of tracing paper over a sewn pattern
and then rubbing lightly with a pencil to produce an impression of the
embroidery.

Presser Foot:

A metal ring around the needle that touches the fabric inside the hoop
while the needle is down and beginning to rise to form a needle loop.
The main function of the presser foot is to hold the fabric stationary
until the hook point catches the thread loop formed by the needle. It
helps to minimize flagging and therefore indirectly aids in loop
formation.

Pre-Tensioner:

Thread tension assembly that is located before that main tension

assembly in the thread path. The function of the pre-tensioner is to
apply a light amount of tension in order to remove any kinks in the
thread prior to entering the main tensioner.

Puckering:

Result of the fabric being gathered by the stitches. Causes include

incorrect density, loose hooping insufficient backing, or incorrect
thread tensions.

Punching:

Conversion of artwork into a series of commands to be read by an

embroidery machine's computer. Derived from an earlier method in
paper tapes or Jacquards punched with holes controlled the movement
of the pantograph and other commands. While still capable of
producing paper tape, most computerized digitizing systems now store
this information on a disk format.

83
Push and Pull Compensation:

A degree of distortion built into a design by the digitizer to compensate

for the push or pull on the fabric caused by the embroidery stitches.
This can help prevent a digitized circle from looking like an egg shape
when sewn out. Generally, it is necessary to extend horizontal
elements and reduce vertical elements.

Registration:

Correct registration is achieved when all stitches and design elements

line up correctly. Poor registration can occur when the product being
embroidered had not been hooped properly, improper digitizing, and
excessive flagging

Repeat:

Layout used for making emblems or designs on a fabric span that are
repeated at regular intervals.

Rotate Pattern:

Program parameter that rotates the design in 90-degree increments

counterclockwise, with or without mirror imaging the design.

Run Stitch or Running Stitch:

Made when a single stitch is formed between two points used for
outlining, underlay, and fine detail. Also known as a running stitch or
walk stitch.

SPI:

Abbreviation for Stitches Per Inch. A system for measuring density or

the amount of satin stitches in an inch of embroidery. See also Stitch
Density. Most of today's embroidery machines measure needle
movement in .1 mm increments. Therefore a thread space of 4 would
be .4 mm in length.

84
Scale:

Program parameter used to expand or condense the size of the design

without changing the number of stitches. A separate scale parameter
is used for each direction.

Scanning:

Scanners convert designs into a computer format allowing the digitizer

to use even the most primitive artwork without recreating the design.
Many of digitizing systems allow the digitizer to transfer the design
directly into the digitizing program without using any intermediary
software.

Short Stitch:

A digitizing technique that places shorter stitches in curves or corners

to avoid an unnecessary bulky build-up of stitches.

Specialty Fill:

Allows the digitizer to produce special fill stitch patterns with a "relief"
or motif design within the fill-stitch area.

Speed Control:

Knob on the embroidery machine that allows the sewing speed to be

adjusted up or down. On most modern embroidery machines, the
speed at which the pattern is stitched varies according to the length of
the stitch. Shorter stitches are made at higher SPM and longer stitches
are made at slower SPM. This is necessary due to limitations of the
movement of the pantograph and is also determined by the number of
heads and/or hoops being driven by the machine.

85
SPM:

Abbreviation for Stitches Per Minute that normally is referring to the

running speed of the embroidery machine. Typical embroidery
machine speeds can vary but generally will be between 500 to 1000
SPM.

Stitch Density:

Refers to the number of stitches used to give proper coverage of the

pattern without creating a thick, hard area in the embroidery that may
be uncomfortable to the consumer

Stitch Editing:

Digitizing feature that allows one or more stitches in a pattern to be

deleted or altered.

Stitchback:

Sewing function that traces back through a design so skipped stitches

and thread breaks can be repaired.

Stock Designs:

Digitized generic embroidery designs that are readily available at a

cost below that of custom-digitized designs.

Tackle Twill:

Letters or numbers cut from polyester or rayon twill fabric that are
commonly used for athletic teams and organizations. Tackle twill
appliqué's attached to a garment have an adhesive backing that tacks
in place; the edges of the appliqué's are then zigzag stitched.

86
Tape Reader:

A device attached to an embroidery machine that enables the machine

to read an embroidery design from 8-channel paper computer tapes.

Tatami Stitch:

Series of running stitches used to cover large areas. Different fill

patterns can be created by varying the length, angle or repeating
sequence of the stitches. Also called fill stitches

Tear away Backing:

A non-woven material placed under the fabric being embroidered to

add stability to the fabric. Once the pattern is completed, this backing
can then be torn off the design due to the needle penetrations.
Typically used on more stable fabrics such as woven goods. When
choosing a tear away backing, you should test to make sure it tears
properly. If it doesn't tear easily enough, it may pull out some of the
stitches. If it doesn't tear cleanly, it can leave an ugly, ragged edge. If
the backing tears too easily, it may not provide enough support for the
embroidery pattern.

Tension:

Refers to the amount of tension applied to the threads by the sewing

machine, which can be adjusted. Many embroiderers use the 2/3 Rule
meaning that if you look at the underside of the embroidery after it has
been stitched, that you should see approximately 2/3 needle thread to
1/3 bobbin thread. Normally this is easy to do because most
embroiderers use a white bobbin thread. Loosening or tightening the
needle and bobbin tensions can accomplish this. Proper machine
thread tension is critical to quality embroidery.

87
Tension Assembly:

Device used to apply tension to the needle thread to form a stitch.

Consists of a tension post with take-up spring attached, tension discs,
tension release disc, tension spring and tension nut.

Tensioner:

Are the devices on the front of the machine head that controls the
tension on the needle thread. Each needle and thread position has its
own Tensioner and all of them should be set as close as possible to get
quality stitching. The thread tension assembly normally consists of a
post, thread tension knob, tension spring and two tension discs. When
the thread tension knob is turned clockwise, it screws down on the post
compressing the tension spring on the tension discs. This applies more
pressure on the needle thread that is sandwiched between the two
tension discs and is against the post. More tension will pull more
needle thread from the underside allowing more bobbin thread to be
seen.

Thread:

Embroidery can be sewn with many types and sizes of threads

depending on the desired finished appearance. Embroidery threads are
commonly made from rayon, polyester, cotton and metallics. Rayon
threads are generally made with a twisted multifilament construction
and have a high sheen. Polyester threads can be made in three
different thread constructions including a twisted multifilament, air
entangled and spun construction. Obviously, cotton threads are only
made in a spun construction. Both spun polyester and spun cotton
thread have a "matte" or low sheen appearance. Rayon and Polyester
filament threads have a high sheen. Polyester is stronger than Rayon
and has superior color fastness and abrasion / chemical resistance.
Metallics are filament threads that have the highest luster and are
formed with a synthetic core wrapped in metal foil. Generally metallic
threads do not sew as well as polyester or rayon threads. The most
common ticket size for rayon or polyester embroidery threads is a No.
40, however other sizes are available. Vardhaman's Signature
polyester embroidery thread comes in a variety of sizes including a No.
40, 30, 20, 10 and 3004 used for serging appliqués.

88
Thread Break Detector:

Device that detects thread breakage and stops the machine

automatically allowing the operator to rethread the needle and restart
the machine. On multi-head embroidery machines, when the needle
thread breaks on one head, all the machines stop. Therefore, using a
thread that will minimize thread breakage is recommended to optimize
stitching time.

Thread Break Indicator:

Small light on the front of the sewing head that flashes when a thread
break is detected.

Thread Clippers:

Small spring loaded scissors designed to be operated with just the

thumb and forefinger which is used to clip the thread.

Tie In Stitches:

Small stitches used at the beginning of a sewing cycle, particularly on

satin stitches, to prevent the thread from pulling out of the
embroidery.

Tie Off Stitches:

Small stitches, usually about 1 mm in length that "lock" the stitches in

the fabric to prevent the stitch from unraveling when the thread is
trimmed. Without Tie off stitches the thread can potentially unravel
and destroy the embroidery. They are particularly necessary when
making satin stitches wider than 1.2mm, as satin stitches have a
tendency to unravel more easily than running or fill stitches.

89
Topping:

Materials hooped or placed on top of fabric that have definable nap or

surface texture, such as corduroy and terry cloth, prior to embroidery.
It provides a smooth surface so that the stitches can be laid down
properly and prevents the wale or nap from interfering with proper
stitch appearance. Includes a variety of substances, such as plastic
wrap, water-soluble "foil" and open-weave fabric that has been
chemically treated to disintegrate with the application of heat. Also
known as facing.

Trimmers:

Thread trimming device located under the needle plate in the

embroidery machine used to automatically cut the needle and bobbins
threads before the design jumps from one area to another or performs
a color change. This trimming is done when the needle is out of the
work and the take-up is near the top of its stroke.

Trimming:

Operation in the finishing process that involves trimming the reverse

and top sides of the embroidery, including jump stitches and backing.

Tubular Embroidery:

Embroidery produced on a cylinder bed embroidery machine that

allows tubular fabric or pre-assembled garments (i.e. sleeves). Allows
sewing a part or the garment after it has been assembled, as
compared to using a flatbed machine to sew fronts or sleeves prior to
assembly the garment.

Underlay Stitches:

Stitches in a design that are put down before the design stitches; used
to stabilize the fabric or raise the design so that the fine detailing is not
lost.

90
 Variable Sizing:

Ability to scale a design to different sizes.

Verify:

Sample Sew-out of a new embroidery design to make sure the pattern

is correct.

4.3 CLIENTS:

1) Tommy Hilfiger
2) American Eagle Outfitters
3) GAP
4) Polo Ralph Lauren
5) Marks & Spencer
6) Gymboree
7) Nike
8) Abercrombie & Fitch
9) Peter England

10) Van Heusen

11) Louie Phillipe

4.4 COATS SEWING SOLUTIONS:

Coats Sewing Solutions is a portfolio of value added services for

retailers, brand owners and contractors working in the apparel
industry. Solutions are designed using the 200 years of experience
and knowledge gathered from servicing the needs of customers around
the globe. They are customer need based, regularly researched and
are constantly updated to keep pace with the modern production

91
processes that continuously evolve in the sewn products industry. The
benefits that can accrue to the customers by using these solutions are:

1. Improvement in the quality of sewn products

• This can give a competitive advantage to a manufacturer.

• This can reduce the cost of rejects on production line.
• This can reduce the costs associated with returns and customer
complaints.

2. Productivity increases during production process

• This can reduce production lead-time of an order.

• This can save capital investment and labour costs as more
production can be realised from existing machinery park.

This can save capital investment and labour costs as more production
can be realised from existing machinery park.

Coats threads are supported by Coats Sewing Solutions, a range of

value added services designed to improve the quality of garments and
productivity on the shop floor, which are as follows:

1) Coats precheck:

Coats precheck can assist in improving Right First Time (RFT) of sewn
products, reducing production costs and lowering bulk production
throughput time. These benefits are delivered by deploying a range of
tools like thread audits, seam engineering analysis, Kawabata fabric
testing and Coats Seamworks.

2) Coats Spectrum:

Coats spectrum is a service that identifies the most appropriate shade

match to your fabric and delivers a thread sample.

92
 This is achived through proprietary processes in combination with an
advanced colour management software.

To make this sampling process user friendly, we have a series of shade

cards which acts as colour reference tools.

3) Coats PES:

Coats India , the leading sewing thread manufacturer and marketer in

India is naturally concerned about the low productivity in the Indian
RMG
industry , and , as an integral part of its marketing activities offers a
free value added service to the garment Manufacturers , branded as
Productivity Enhancement Solutions(PES).

PES is a concept that has been pioneered by Coats worldwide to

improve the shopfloor productivity. At the heart of this concept , is the
fact that
apart from the various situation specific measures that any factory can
take to improve productivity, there is one common factor that can
improve productivity by itself , all other conditions remaining same .
The quality of the sewing thread used.

Coats Methodology: The PES study is conducted by Coats Technical

services , and involves a practical & detailed shop floor exercise
wherein both SSP and Epic are put into use parallely on a designated
set of sewing machines for a period ranging from 4 to 10 days on
identical sewing machines , using the same needle size and the stitch
density on a specified garment.

4) Coats Embroidery Solution Centre:

Coats operates a solution-based approach to embroidery; we are

concerned how our customers use our threads and work hard to ensure
that they can get the best from it in terms of efficiency as well as the
highest possible embroidered quality for their finished garments &
shoes.

We are deeply interested in the latest embroidery solutions, advances

in techniques, machines, materials and software; we have a wide
range of partnerships with the leading companies in these fields of our

93
industry and do our best to share this knowledge with our key
customers in the major embroidery markets around the world.

There are three methods to access more information about our

solution-based approach:

Embroidery Solution Centres: these are located in the key

embroidery markets around the world; a dedicated team of
professionals serves the needs of our core customers - please click on
our 'Solution Centres' section on the left hand menu

Tips & Hints: we regularly publish advice about how to solve routine
(and not so routine) problems to make your lives easier - please click
on our 'Tips & Hints' section on the left hand menu

Embroidery Advisory Leaflets: we regularly publish leaflets on key

embroidery techniques - please ask your local Coats Embroidery
representative for more details on current publications.

5) Coats Fastsolve:

Coats fastsolvee is a service designed to solve sewing problems

especially where there is an interface amongst thread, needle and
sewing machine.

6) Coats Simplify:

Coats Simplify is a service that disseminates knowledge on select

issues concerning sewn-products industry. A range of subjects such as
understanding colours, seams and sewn thread technology, reducing
pucker etc. are covered by this service. This is delivered through a
variety of media - seminars, workshops and bulletin as chosen by the
customers.

94
7) Coats Futuro:

Coats futuro delivers exactly what you want, ahead of industry trends!
Coats futuro is a concurrent product development and innovation
colloboration initiative by which Coats helps you to keep yourself
ahead of industry trends. We help you to innovate new products by
participating in the product development cycle.

Whether you are designing micro denier stretch garments or a new

safety device for automotive industry, we can colloborate with you in
the early stages of product development and help you to improve your
product's performance by customising a thread solution for you.

4.5 INDUSTRY SCENARIO:

The Coats product, which currently accounts for more than 22% global
market share, is slated to grow at a fast pace. Thread industry is
identified as a high potential industry and has been creating a policy
environment conducive to its growth. Historically, the policy framework
favoured small and unorganized players while the MNC players were
restricted from adding capacities. This led to the mushrooming of a
vast unorganized sector. Large players with strong marketing network
and brand equity were forced to source from third party producers.
During the last few years, however, several products have been
deserved from small-scale sector. MNC's as well as domestic players
have made aggressive investments in the sector. Quantitative
restrictions on import of several food products have been lifted,
leading to greater availability of imported products. MNC's are able to
offer a wider product range, without the need to establish a
manufacturing base.

4.6 MILLS :

1) Ambasamudram-Water Mill

95
 Coats India(A Division of Madura Coats Private Limited)

Papavinasam Mills Post,

Ambasamudram-627 422,

Thirunelveli District,

Tamilnadu.

2) Ambasamudram-Steam Mill

Global Thread Supply India

(A Division of Madura Coats Private Limited)

Papavinasam Mills Post,

Ambasamudram-627 422,

Thirunelveli District,

Tamilnadu.

3) Madurai-Centenary Mill

Global Thread Supply India

(A Division of Madura Coats Private Limited)

8,New Ramanad Road,

Madurai-625 009.

4) Madurai-New Mill

Global Thread Supply India

(A Division of Madura Coats Private Limited)

96
 P.B. No.35, New Jail Road,

Madurai-625 001.

5) Tuticorin-Mill

Global Thread Supply India

(A Division of Madura Coats Private Limited)

83 & 88 Beech Road ,

Tuticorin-628 001.

6) Faridabad-S & P Treads Private Limited

16/2, Mile Stone,

Main Mathura Road ,

Faridabad-121 002

Haryana.

7) Panoli

Madura Coats Private Limited

221/222, Panoli Gidu Estate,

Panoli-394 116

Bharuch Dist.,

Gujarat.

8) Serampore

Coats India

97
 (A Division of Madura Coats Private Limited)

Rishi Bankim Sarani,

Serampore

Hoogly-712 201

West Bengal.

4.7 MILLS’ PRODUCTS:

Global Thread Supply India (GTSI) has spinning and twisting mills
located in Madurai, Tuticorin and Ambasamudram. In addition to
operating

these mills to exacting global standards, the division is also involved

with outsourcing of grey thread to bridge the gap between demand
and internally available supply.

The details of the various units and the products manufactured therein
are as follows:

Centenary Mill, Madurai - Staple Spun Polyester (SSP)

New Mill, Madurai - Staple Spun polyester (SSP)

- Poly Poly Corespun (PPC)

- Poly Cotton Corespun (PCC)

Steam Mill, Ambasamudram - Staple Spun Polyester (SSP)

98
 Tuticorin - Cotton

All the spinning mills use the state-of-the-art machinery right from
blow room through to final winding. To quote, given below are some
of the machinery in the mills:

• Reiter Unifloc Chute Feed Line

• High Production Auto leveling Reiter C50 Cards
• High Speed Auto leveling Reiter Draw Frames RSB-D30
• Lakshmi Reiter LF 1400 Speed Frames
• Lakshmi Reiter Ring Frames
• Schlafhorst 338 with Uster Quantum Clearers Murata Two-For-
One Twisters
• VJ Lakshmi Two-For-One Twisters

Supported by Coats plc Centre, Global Thread Supply India adopts an

agressive programme of modernising its production facilities on a
continuous basis. This involves both replacement with the latest
machinery available (eg single end winding Schlafhorst 338) and
upgrade of existing machinery to the most modern standard available.

99
PRODUCTS
100
 INDUSTRIAL THREADS

Coats India manufactures and markets a comprehensive range of

cotton, synthetic and corespun threads for a variety of end uses. Our
global brands like Dual Duty, Epic, Astra, Sylko and Anchor are leaders
in their respective segments.

Our manufacturing units are strategically located to service all the

geographical regions of India.We have manufacturing facilites located
in all the principal regions of India - Ambasamudram in Tamil Nadu,
Faridabad near Delhi, Serampore near Calcutta, Panoli in Gujarat and
Bangalore.

Specially trained technical advisors, located across the country,

provide on-site advice to optimise shopfloor productivity and sewn
products' quality.

APPAREL SEWING:

Coats Epic:

101
COATS epic is polyester-wrapped thread with a polyester filament core
ideal where fineness, high seam strength and high temperature
stability are required.

The product is specially engineered for high performance in demanding

sewing applications and can dramatically improve sewing productivity.
Ideal for delicate garments as well as jeans and workwear.

Coats Gramax:

Coats gramax is a continuous filament textured polyester thread.The

textured filaments give the thread a soft feel and make it ideal for use
on overlocking and coverseaming machine loopers.

Coats Astra:

102
COATS astra is a lubricated super high tenacity 100% staple spun
polyester thread which has a uniform construction and is resistant to
sunlight and chemical degradation.

Coats Secura;

Coats secura is a fusible polyester/polyester corespun, self locking

thread specially developed for button sewing operations. The thread is
impregnated with a compound, creating a fusible fibre matrix. Upon
thermal activation by steam iron or normal iron this offers increased
cohesion resulting in enhanced button security. The thread exhibits
significantly higher button pull through strength, excellent sewability
and high abrasion resistance.

EMBROIDERY:

Coats Sylko:

103
COATS sylko is constructed from a high tenacity and high lustre
filament - engineered to work at the highest speeds. Developed in the
USA it's popularity rapidly spread throughout Asia where it enjoys
unparalleled endorsement by some of the world's leading brands

COATS sylko is used for sports and outdoor wear due to its superior
abrasion resistance - also for any garment that is exposed to chlorine
based processes such as denim washes or for workwear which uses
industrial laundering.

COATS sylko comes in a range of 399 attractive shades to compliment

your finest ideas and designs - all shades are available wherever you
find Coats anywhere in the world.

Coats Sylko Metallic:

COATS sylko metallic is a range of metallic threads which perform at

the highest speed and embroider extremely smoothly - both during
sewing and in the finished garment. They are made using pure silver to
give your embellishments the glow that is unique to precious metals.
COATS sylko metallic threads have been specially engineered to
reduce the productivity problems that is traditionally associated with
metallic embroidery threads- please ask for our leaflet or download the

104
datasheet below to find out more about these unique threads. COATS
sylko metallic comes in a range of 36 shades of glittering and glowing
colours that will do justice to your finest creations.

Red Heart:

Red Heart is a rayon thread which provides high lustre. The superior
lubrication on the thread prevents needle heat generation and delivers
excellent sewability at speeds as high as 800 spm. The specially
designed 'vicop' make up, prevents spillage and underpinning of the
thread thereby significantly reducing the needle thread breakage and
thereby increasing productivity.

Coats Red Heart - Product Range

Tex Article Ticket Length(m) Package

27 4906 0 2000 Cone

27 4909 0 1000 Cone

Coats Epic Matt:

105
Coats epic - 'matt' is the answer for all the needs for a matt finish or
dull embroidery. It's unique construction - continuous filament
polyester core, wrapped with staple spun polyester cover - delivers a
high strength - to - fineness ratio. This ensures that even at high
speeds of 1200 SPM, the thread delivers smooth performance with no
breakages.

Coats epic - Product Range

Tex Article Ticket Length(m) Package

18 9001 180 5000 Cone

18 9002 180 1000 Tube

Coats Astra Matt:

106
Coats astra matt is ideal for matt finish embroidery.It is suitable for
logos and monogramming on fine fabrics .It is available in a range of
more than 900 shades from the Coats Global Colour Reference.

Coats astra - Product Range

Tex Article Ticket Lenght(m) Package

18 6278 180 2000 Cone

Bobbin Threads:

Coats range of epic -poly poly corespun threads as well as Coats astra
range makes an ideal combination as Bobbin threads for the top
embroidery threads , whether it is in the trilobal polyester range or
Rayon range. Made from high tenacity filaments and fibres combined
with the degree of fineness, epic and astra gives the maximun length
that can be wound on the bobbin which gives higher degree of
productivity on shopfloor as well as firm stitches.

SPECIALITY SEWING:

107
Coats Koban:

Coats koban is a cotton wrapped Polyester Corespun Thread with a

glace Finish. The Cotton Wrap combined with the sewability of cotton
and the strength of Continuous Filament Polyester core offers Excellent
needle heat resistance.The Glace finish binds together the fibrous
surface of the thread and adds lustre finish to the thread with
increased abrasion Resistance.

Application:
Leather Garments, Leather goods,Gloves and Handbags, Sporting
goods, Wallets and purses,automotive interiors, Protective footwear
etc.

Coats Koban - Product Range

Tex Article Ticket Length(m) Package

40 2516M 75 1000 Cone
60 2516M 50 1000 Cone
80 2516M 36 1000 Cone
105 2516M 30 1000 Cone
120 2516M 20 1000 Cone
150 2516M 18 1000 Cone
180 1464 15 500 Cone
240 1464 11 1000 Cone

Coats Aptan:

108
Coats aptan by Barbour is a lubricated nylon thread made from pre
stabilised continuous filament nylon 66. Coats aptan is an excellent
sewing thread for all types of leather and offers excellent abrasion
resistance. The soft finish with a superior low friction lubrication
reduces the effects of needle heat and abrasion.

Application:
Shoe uppers, Leather Footwear, Leather goods, Automotive interiors,
Sporting goods, Multineedle quilting and Mattresses, Seat belts,
Airbags, Protective footwear, industrial filters, Geo textiles and
technical textiles.

Coats Aptan - Product Range

Tex Article Ticket Length(m) Package

24 1208A 120 4000 Vicone
35 1133 80 1000 Vicone
1208A 60 2000 Vicone
45 1133 60 1000 Vicone
1208A 40 1500 Vicone
70 1133 40 1000 Vicone
1208A 30 1000 Vicone
105 1133 30 1000 Vicone
135 1133 20 1000 Vicone
180 1133 15 1000 Vicone
270 1133 10 500 Vicone
600 1133 5 500 Vicone

Coats Aquil:

109
Coats Aquil is a made from high tenacity continuous filament Nylon 6.
Its unique properties of high strength and durability result in high
abrasion resistance and outstanding resistance to flex damage.Its
superior lubrication minimises wear and tear of machine parts. The
thread is ideal for sewing leathers , leather footwear, automotive
interiors, shoe uppers, upholstery, mattresses & multineedle quilting &
decorative stitching.

Coats Aquil - Product Range

Tex Article Ticket Length(m) Package

45 N626 60 2000 CONE
70 N626 40 1500 CONE
105 N626 30 1000 CONE
135 N626 20 1500 CONE
180 N626 15 1000 CONE

Coats Astra:

110
Astra which is lubricated super high tenacity 100%staple spun
polyester thread ideal for sewing of leather garments & leather goods.

Coats Astra - Product Range

Tex Article Ticket Lenght(m) Package

50 8754 60 5000 Cone
60 8758 50 3000 Cone
70 8754 40 5000 Cone
80 8766 30 1000 Cone
105 8766 25 1000 Cone
150 8766 20 1000 Cone

Coats Epic:

111
Epic, the polypoly corespun thread is also available in a glace finish
which is ideal substrate for sewing leather garments and leather
goods.

Coats epic - Product Range

Tex Article Ticket Length(m) Package

40 9001 75 2000 Cone

60 9001 50 2000 Cone

80 9001 36 1000 Cone

105 9001 25 1000 Cone

Coats Gral:

Coats Gral by Barbour is a lubricated polyester thread made from pre

stabilised high tenacity continuous filament Polyester. Coats gral is an
excellent sewing thread for all types of leather and offers good
abrasion resisitance. The soft finish with a superior low friction
lubrication reduces the effects of needle heat and abrasion.

112
Application:
Leather Footwear, Leather goods, Shoe uppers, Automotive interiors,
Sporting goods, Muti needle quilting and mattresses, Seat belts, Air
bags, Protective footwear, industrial filters, Geo textiles and technical
textiles.

Coats Gral - Product Range

Tex Article Ticket Length(m) Package

35 1312 80 1000 Vicone
45 1312 60 1000 Vicone
70 1312 40 1000 Vicone
105 1312 30 1000 Vicone
135 1312 20 1000 Vicone
240 1312 15 1000 Vicone
270 1312 10 500 Vicone
350 1312 8 2500 Vicone
600 1312 6 2000 Vicone

Coats Nylbond:

Coats Nylbond by Barbour is a bonded nylon thread made from pre

stablised continuous filament nylon 66. Coats Nylbond cuts cleanly
with no ply separation and provides superior abrasion resistance. The
proprietary bonding technology yields a tough uniform bond with
exceptional peel strength in a soft, supple construction.

113
Application:
Leather Footwear, Leather goods, Shoe uppers, Automotive interiors,
Sporting goods, Multi needle quilting and mattresses, Seat belts, Air
bags, Protective footwear, industrial filters, Geo textiles and technical
textiles.

Coats Nylbond -Product Range

Tex Article Ticket Length(m) Package

24 1214 120 4000 Vicone
35 1214 80 2500 Vicone
45 1214M 60 5000 Vicone
70 1214M 40 3000 Vicone
105 1214 30 2500 Vicone
Vicone
135 1214 20 1500
180 1214 15 1000 Vicone
270 1214 10 500 Vicone
450 1214 7 500 Vicone
600 1214 5 500 Vicone

CONSUMER PRODUCTS

Coats India offers a complete range of sewing threads, interlinings, zips

and domestic sewing machine needles to meet the special needs of
the
tailoring trade and home sewing.

These products are available across the country with a vast distribution
network consisting of more than 5000 stockists.

Coats India is also South Asia's largest marketer of needle-craft

products. Our needle-craft product range includes global brands like
Anchor embroidery thread.

114
To meet the needs of kite-flying enthusiasts in India, it offers a range
of cotton threads. These threads have been popular over the last few
decades and have become the reference for quality in this sport.

Accessories:

Coats India offers a range of Coats Accesories products including

interlinings, zippers and needles.

A wide range of interlinings to suit various garment applications are

offered under the Coats Ultimate and Coats Basics brands.

The MCL, TLR and GUN brands provide a wide range of zippers for
various applications in more than 40 shades.

Coats India is the sole marketing agent in India for Organ needles - the
world leader in industrial sewing machine needles. Coats also markets
needles for domestic sewing machines from the largest needle
manufacturer in India - TVS needles.

Handicrafts:

Coats India offers a complete range of embroidery thread under the

global Anchor embroidery thread brand. Specific products suited
various applications like and embroidery, lace crafts, free style
embroidery etc. are available under the Anchor brand in a variety of
shades.

The handicrafts product range includes Anchor Do-It-Yourself Kits

containing material and instructions for craft enthusiasts to easily
make the design themselves.

Needle ‘n’ Thread:

115
 Needle 'n' Thread is a quarterly magazine thoughtfully designed
by

Anchor for needlecraft lover and enthusiasts.

28 pages packed with beautiful Indian, Western and Ethnic

designs,

Easy to follow instructions, exciting tips, close-ups of designs ,

special

mail orders exclusively for subscribers, guarnteed delivery by

courier/registered post.

LIST OF PRODUCTS ALONG WITH ITS DETAILS

Article Tick
No. et Description Brand Selling Unit Colour
Premium Sewings - Synthetics
Box of 20
3023 100 3/100m SSP Ameto tubes WBC
Box of 100
3024 100 3/100m SSP Ameto tubes WBC
Box of 10
N037 070 3/100m SSP Ameto tubes WBC
Box of 15
N037 080 3/150m SSP Ameto tubes WBC
Box of 90
N038 080 3/150m SSP Ameto tubes WBC
Popular Sewings - Synthetics

116
 Box of 25
3839 000 2/300m SSP Spade Poly tubes WBC
Box of 100
3841 000 2/300m SSP Spade Poly tubes WBC
Box of 20
3841 000 2/180m SSP Spade Poly tubes WBC
Box of 100
3842 000 2/180m SSP Spade Poly tubes WBC
Box of 20
6061 000 3/100m SSP Red Sun tubes WBC
Box of 100
6062 000 3/100m SSP Red Sun tubes WBC
Box of 10
6308 000 3/130m SSP Moon tubes WBC
Box of 20
6362 080 3/130m SSP Moon tubes WBC
Box of 100
6363 080 3/130m SSP Moon tubes WBC
Box of 20
7063 080 3/130m SSP Sun tubes WBC
Box of 100
763A 080 3/130m SSP Sun tubes WBC
Box of 20
7064 000 2/130m SSP Sun tubes WBC
Box of 100
764A 080 2/130m SSP Sun tubes WBC
Box of 10
8840 000 2/800m SSP Spade Poly tubes WBC
Bulk Sewings - Synthetics
Box of 15
3844 000 2/400m SSP Spade tubes W
Box of 15
3848 000 2/400m SSP Spade tubes W
Box of 10
3845 000 2/800m SSP Spade tubes W
Box of 10
3849 000 2/800m SSP Spade tubes W
Box of 15
3850 000 2/400m SSP Spade tubes W
Box of 10
3851 000 2/800m SSP Spade tubes W
3852 000 2/50g SSP Spade Poly Cone W
3854 000 2/400m SSP Spade Cone W
3859 000 2/10000m SSP Spade Cone W

117
3860 000 2/10000m SSP Spade Cone W
Standard Sewings - Cotton
Box of 15
1013 000 2/350m Soft Spade tubes W
Box of 10
1393 040 2/800m Soft Spade tubes W
Box of 15
552M 030 4/300m Soft Griffin spools WBC
Box of 15
552M 040 4/300m Soft Griffin spools WBC
Box of 15
0553 010 4/200m Soft Griffin spools WBC
Box of 15
0553 020 4/200m Soft Griffin spools WBC
Box of 15
X382 040 2/400m Soft Spade tubes W
Box of 15
X389 060 2/400m Soft Spade tubes W
Coarse Cotton Thread
1121 008 4/500g Glace Rocket Cone W
Box of 10
1170 008 3/300m Glace Rocket tubes W
Box of 10
1171 008 3/400m Glace Rocket tubes W
Box of 10
1172 008 3/900m Glace Rocket tubes W
0748 008 9/500g Glace Falcon Cone W
748A 008 9/250g Glace Falcon Cone W
0749 008 6/500g Glace Falcon Cone W
749A 008 6/250g Glace Falcon Cone W
0750 008 9/500g Glace Griffin Cone W
750A 008 9/250g Glace Griffin Cone W
0754 008 6/500g Glace Gun Heavy Cop W
754A 008 6/250g Glace Gun Heavy Cop W
0758 008 9/500g Glace Gun Heavy Cop W
758A 008 9/250g Glace Gun Heavy Cop W
Box of 10
0759 008 9/800m Glace Gun tubes W
Box of 10
2004 008 6/900m Glace Trident tubes W
Diagonal Box of 10
2314 010 6/400m Soft Chain tubes W

118
 Box of 10
2498 008 3/300m Glace Krishna tubes W
Box of 10
0321 010 6/400m Soft Chain tubes W
Box of 10
0321 012 6/400m Soft Chain tubes W
Box of 10
341M 008 3/400m Glace Chain tubes W
Box of 10
347B 008 3/900m Glace Gun tubes W
Box of 15
350M 030 6/900m Soft Gun tubes W
Box of 15
360M 030 6/900m Soft Rocket tubes W
370M 030 6/900m Soft Rocket Vicone W
358A 008 6/2000m Glace Chain Vicone W
358B 008 6/4000m Glace Chain Vicone W
Box of 10
358C 008 6/750g Glace Chain tubes W
Box of 10
358M 008 6/900m Glace Chain tubes W
Box of 10
376M 008 6/900m Soft JPC tubes W
Box of 10
0440 008 6/400m Glace Griffin tubes W
Box of 10
0563 010 4/300m Soft Gun tubes W
Box of 15
0564 010 4/400m Soft Gun tubes W
Box of 10
0608 008 6/900m Glace Griffin tubes W
Box of 10
0609 008 9/900m Glace Griffin tubes W
0610 008 6/500g Glace Griffin Cone W
610A 008 6/250g Glace Griffin Cone W
Box of 10
6334 008 6/900m Glace Moon tubes W
Box of 15
838M 241 3/350m Glace Chain spools W
0840 008 12/900m Glace Chain Box of 1 tubes W
840A 008 12/250g Glace Chain Vicone W
840B 008 12/500g Glace Chain Vicone W
844B 008 3/400m Glace Chain Box of 10 W

119
 tubes
Box of 10
B734 010 2/200m Glace Spade tubes WC
Box of 10
V170 008 3/900m Glace Krishna tubes W
Box of 10
V188 008 3/400m Glace Krishna tubes W
Box of 10
X530 008 9/400m Glace Chain spools W
548F 002 9/500g Glace Bear Vicone W
548G 002 9/250g Glace Bear Vicone W
548A 005 9/3000m Glace Bear Vicone W
548B 005 9/1000m Glace Bear Cone W
548C 005 9/1800m Glace Bear Cone W
548D 005 9/900m Glace Bear Cone W
548V 001 9/800m Glace Bear Vicone W
548V 002 9/1000m Glace Bear Vicone W
548V 005 9/1000m Glace Bear Vicone W
0558 008 6/900m Glace Bear Vicone W
558A 008 6/2000m Glace Bear Vicone W
558B 008 6/4000m Glace Bear Vicone W
550A 008 9/250g Glace Chain Vicone W
Box of 10
550B 008 9/900m Glace Chain tubes W
550C 008 9/500g Glace Chain Vicone W
550D 008 9/750g Glace Chain Vicone W
Handicrafts-Anchor
Anchor
4054 020 20g Mercerised Crochet Box of 10 balls WBC
4054 040 20g Mercerised Anchor Box of 10 balls WBC
4057 000 50g Mercerised Anchor Box of 10 balls WBC
Box of 10
4509 050 2/600g Mercerised Anchor spools WBC
4591 008 2/10 Mercerised Anchor Box of 10 balls WBC
8m Stranded Box of 25
4615 000 Multicolour Anchor skiens C
Box of 25
4625 000 8m Stranded Cotton Anchor skiens WBC
Box of 25
4652 000 8m Stranded Metallic Anchor skiens WBC
Handicrafts-Doli

120
X910 000 2/500m Rayon Doli Box of 10 balls WBC
X951 000 10g Mercerised Doli Box of 10 balls WBC
Box of 25
X954 000 1.2g Mercerised Doli skiens WBC
Box of 100
954A 000 1.2g Mercerised Doli skiens C
Box of 50
954B 000 1.2g Mercerised Doli skiens C
Handicrafts-Red Heart
1240 020 20g Mercerised Red Heart Box of 10 balls WBC
1241 008 70m Mercerised Pearl Red Heart Box of 10 balls WBC
Packets of 4
3116 020 100g Mercerised Cotton Red Heart balls WBC
Anchor Stitch Kits
AFL0 000 Fun 'N' Learn Anchor Per Kit ~
AFF1 000 Flash Frame Series Anchor Per Kit ~
AFF2 000 Flash Frame Series Anchor Per Kit ~
AIM1 000 Impression Series Anchor Per Kit ~
AIM2 000 Impression Series Anchor Per Kit ~
AIM3 000 Impression Series Anchor Per Kit ~
AMP1 000 Masterpiece Series Anchor Per Kit ~
Anchor Printed Canvas
APC1 000 ~ Anchor Per Piece ~
APC2 000 ~ Anchor Per Piece ~
Non Fusibles
0331 D13 100% Cotton/Stiff BASICS Metre Wht/Nat
0332 D13 100% Cotton/Soft BASICS Metre Wht/Nat
0551 D90 100% Cotton/Stiff BASICS Metre Wht/Nat
0552 D90 100% Cotton/Soft BASICS Metre Wht/Nat
LDPE Scatter CoatedFusibles
0885 D90 100% Cotton/Stiff MCL Metre Wht
0993 D90 100% Cotton/Stiff MCL Metre Wht
LDPE Rotoprint Fusibles
1216 D90 100% Cotton/Stiff MCL Metre Wht
100% Cotton Medium
1616 D90 Stiff MCL Metre Wht
100% Cotton Medium
1616 D12 Stiff MCL Metre Wht
1919 D90 100% Cotton/Soft MCL Metre Wht
2121 D90 100% Cotton/Soft MCL Metre Wht

121
2626 D90 100% Cotton/Soft MCL Metre Wht
100% Cotton Medium
3030 D90 Stiff MCL Metre Wht
100% Cotton Medium
659B D90 Stiff MCL Metre Wht
690C D90 100% Cotton/Soft MCL Metre Wht
100% Cotton Medium
7777 D90 Stiff MCL Metre Wht
100% Cotton Medium
7777 D12 Stiff MCL Metre Wht
4444 D90 100% Cotton/Soft MCL Metre Wht
5555 D90 100% Cotton/Soft MCL Metre Wht
HDPE Rotoprint Fusibles
100% Cotton Medium
2617 D90 Stiff ULTIMATE Metre Wht/Nat
2627 D90 100% Cotton/Soft ULTIMATE Metre Wht/Nat
2630 D12 100% Cotton/Soft ULTIMATE Metre Wht
100% Cotton Medium
2631 D12 Stiff ULTIMATE Metre Wht
690A D90 100% Cotton/Soft ULTIMATE Metre Wht
MG28 D90 100% Cotton/Soft ULTIMATE Metre Wht/Nat
Fusibles Rolls
1216 B31 100% Cotton Fusible MCL Premium 25m Roll Wht
1216 B37 100% Cotton Fusible MCL Premium 25m Roll Wht
1411 B31 100% Cotton Fusible MCL Premium 25m Roll Wht
1411 B37 100% Cotton Fusible MCL Premium 25m Roll Wht
1616 B31 100% Cotton Fusible MCL Premium 25m Roll Wht
1616 B37 100% Cotton Fusible MCL Premium 25m Roll Wht
2626 B31 100% Cotton Fusible MCL Premium 25m Roll Wht
2626 B37 100% Cotton Fusible MCL Premium 25m Roll Wht
2627 B31 100% Cotton Fusible ULTIMATE 25m Roll Wht
2627 B37 100% Cotton Fusible ULTIMATE 25m Roll Wht
7777 B31 100% Cotton Fusible MCL Premium 25m Roll Wht
7777 B37 100% Cotton Fusible MCL Premium 25m Roll Wht
1000 B37 100% Cotton Fusible MCL Premium 25m Roll Wht
2000 B37 100% Cotton Fusible MCL Premium 25m Roll Wht
Zip Fasteners
MCL0 ~ Zip Fasteners 8" Box of 100 ~
MCL0 ~ Zip Fasteners 9" Box of 100 ~
MCL0 ~ Zip Fasteners 10" Box of 100 ~

122
TLR0 ~ Zip Fasteners 8" Box of 100 ~
TLRB ~ Zip Fasteners 8" Box of 60 ~
TLR0 ~ Zip Fasteners 16" Pouch of 25 ~
MIG0 ~ Zip Fasteners 6" Pouch of 60 ~
MIG0 ~ Zip Fasteners 8" Box of 100 ~
GUN0 ~ Zip Fasteners 8" Box of 100 ~

123
 SPECIALITIES
OF COATS
PRODUCT

SPECIALITY OF COATS PRODUCT

1) SPECIAL APPLICATIONS:

124
Coats brings its expertise in meeting a variety of customer
requirements to the business of Specially Engineered Yarns (SEYs).
Backed by advanced research and engineering facilities and an
unmatched experience in fibre science, our SEYs cater to the needs of
industries as diverse as aerospace, fibre optic cables, electrical wires,
feminine hygiene products, tyrecord weaving and tea bags.

Feminine Hygiene Products:

Coats feminine hygiene products include items for sewing the string to
the tampon and the tampon string itself. These specially engineered
products are designed to meet high speed, continuously running
machine performance standards as well as stringent health and safety
guidelines. All feminine hygiene products are finished in a "Clean
Room" environment, staffed by specially trained employees,
eliminating risk of contamination and ensuring delivery of a safe, clean
product.

Coats feminine hygiene product are manufactured using 100% non

genetically modified cotton in a variety of sizes, colors and finishes
that meet detach strength requirements and aesthetic needs of our
customers.

Automotive:

COATS neophil represents a range of threads catering to every sewing

application in the automotive sector.

The neophil range of threads is proven for its performance in the

manufacture of critical parts like seat covers, seat belts and air bag
systems.

Besides these, the range is complete to include threads ranging from

the ones used for decorative stitching of gear stick covers to roof tops
for convertibles.

These threads are designed and manufactured to withstand

challenging conditions like abrasion, scuffing, sunlight, flexing, heat
etc. over the life of the automobile which could be as long as 14 years.

125
Filtration:

There are two types of filtration processes:

1. Dry Filtration:

The filler fabric is used as a medium to collect the offending particles

like dust, smoke, fumes, etc., so as to keep them from being emitted
into the atmosphere.

2. Wet Filtration:

The filler media allows everything to pass through it except what is

desired like solids, precious metals, etc. and the filler media allows
only what is desired to pass through it, e.g., clean water. The Dry
Filtration market is estimated to be much larger than the Wet Filtration
market.

The types of media (fabric) and therefore, the threads employed are
determined by the end-use application. The following list gives a
general guideline of the substrates used for dry and wet filtration:

A. Dry B. Wet
Filtration Filtration

Nomex Polypropylene
Glass Polyester
PPS Others
Others ---

Footwear:

COATS threads for the footwear industry have been developed over
decades of research and close interaction with the customers to meet
the special needs of different stitching machinery configurations and
sewing operations.

126
Company’s product range offers the following unique features,
unmatched in the industry:

• Most diverse product range: nylon, polyester, aramid, linen and

cotton in twisted, braided and monocorded constructions and in
bonded, lubricated and waxed finishes.
• Customised colour matching and colour fastness capabilities.
• Tailor-made constructions, finishes and make-ups to maximise
sewing efficiencies and minimise costs.
• Complete range of ready-wound bobbins for all the popular
machines to enhance productivity and improve shoe quality.
• Round-the-clock local technical service, worldwide.

Furniture:

Upholstered furniture manufacturing involves stitching of multiple

layers of fabrics and leather at extraordinarily high speeds.

The threads used for this purpose must be extremely resistant to the
needle heat and abrasion resulting out of the severity of the stitching
process.

Mattress:

Mattress manufacturing involves a series of high speed and demanding

sewing operations carried out on a variety of materials. The threads
employed in the production of mattresses must withstand these severe
conditions and perform under the rigours that the mattress gets
subjected to during its life.

Coats offers a complete package of threads - the COATS danfield

package - that enhances the performance of the machines at every
sewing operation in a mattress plant, in addition to improving the
durability of the mattress.

Quilting and Home Furnishing:

127
Single needle quilting on high speed machines is an extremely
demanding multi-directional sewing operation.

Be it the traditional machines having a stationary sewing head where

the fabric moves multi-directionally or the modern Hauser machines
where the fabric stays stationery while the single needle moves to
form the multi-directional stitches, the operation requires the use of
threads that can stand up to the rigours of this exceptionally stressful
process.

Outdoor Applications:

Threads used for manufacturing outdoor goods like sails, tents, boat
covers, awnings, flags, tarpaulins etc. need to fulfil the following
special requirements:

• Resistance to sunlight and UV radiation

• Resistance to severe abrasion: typically, the fabrics used for
outdoor goods are heavy and are also frequently treated to have
special characterisitics like waterproofing and mildew resistance.
Sewing through multiple layers of such fabrics results in severe
abrasion of the thread
• Rot-proof and colour-fast when exposed to external elements like
acid rain, chlorinated water, sea water etc.

2) MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS:

Coats produce a variety of threads and specially engineered yarns

catering to an array of applications.

Our products find application commonly in:

• zip attachment and zip manufacture

• lifting, cargo slings, tie-downs
• parachutes
• surgical sutures
• cigarette tapes
• protective gloves
• travel goods
• vacuum pipes and ducting
• aircraft and public transport upholstery
• footballs, cricket balls etc.

128
• wallets, credit card holders, handbags, belts and other leather
accessories
• air balloons
• book binding
• life-saving equipment
• carpets
• bulk containers
• aviation
• motor winding

129
 COMPANY
POLICIES

HUMAN RESOURCE POLICIES

Management Development:

 Expanded talent pool and clear definition of all the key

positions.
 Succession plans for all key positions.
 Annual cross-functional management development cycle.

130
HR Network:

 Preferred practice identification and application.

 Launch of Corporate-led HR initiatives.
 Upgraded Market HR skills.
 Market HR performance tracking
 Upgraded corporate support to Market HR.

Transfer Management:

 Improved transfer process aligned across Zones.

 Clear scope of Zone HR co-coordinator’s responsibility regarding
transfer management.

Shared Services:

 Shared service from Bangalore for resourcing, relocation

support, general training etc.

EMPLOYMENT POLICIES

As a truly global employer, Coats Ltd strives to follow ethical

employment standards wherever in the world it operates. With this
goal in mind Coats guarantees...

• To fulfill all its legal obligations in full in terms of wage and

benefit practices.
• To have no employees below legal age of employment in the
country in which it is operating,
and, as an absolute rule, no employees under 15 years of age.

131
 • That all the employees have the right to collective representation
within legal framework
of the country in which they work.
• No discrimination on the basis of sex, race, religion or age.
• Adequate and timely training for everyone for the job for which
they are employed.
• Career advancement related to performance.
• That wage rates reflect the rate in the sector in every country in
which it operates.
• A safe and healthy work environment.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES

Coats Ltd recognises that environmental issues are of fundamental

importance to a successful and responsible business strategy.
Therefore, it is committed, through a process of continual
improvement, to minimising the environmental impact of its
operations. In line with this commitment Coats will...

• Ensure that its operations comply with all relevant legislation and
defined Group Standards.
• Manage all environmental issues either at, or as close to, their
source as practicable.
• Strive to design and develop products which have the minimum
environmental impact during their manufacture, use and
subsequent disposal.
• Minimize energy usage and waste wherever practicable.
• Reuse or recycle materials wherever practicable.
• Set environmental targets which it will strive to achieve.
• Seek to purchase goods and services from environmentally
responsible suppliers.
• Provide its employees with the necessary training in
environmental best practice.
• Communicate its environmental policy and practices at all levels
and at all sites of the organization.
• Monitor progress using internal and external auditing and
regularly report on its environmental management performance.
• Review its environmental policy on a regular basis.

132
 QUALITY POLICIES

Coats India's quality policy is to provide all its customers with products
and services that offer the best overall value in terms of price,
performance and delivery.

To accomplish its mission, Coats India will:-

• Listen to its customers to understand their service and product

needs.
• Continually improve its range of services and products.
• Ensure that its product specifications remain fully competitive
in any market in which it operates.
• Ensure that all goods sold fully meet it's customers'
expectations.
• Comply with all statutory and requirements and requirements of
our quality management system.
• Review the objectives continually and change wherever and
whenever required.

BRAND POLICY

The company’s vast stable of brands results in a high degree of

complexity with the same or similar products packaged and branded
differently in different markets, a lack of a “global face” and a high
cost associated with the maintenance and protection of these brands,
many of which are used for products with negligible sales. At last
count, we had over 7000 trade mark / country registrations. This is
made up of 1810 unique trade marks, registered in one or more
countries. Our objective is to reduce the number of superfluous
trademark registrations and also to reduce the number of unique
trademarks in our stable. We are now reviewing each trademark /
country registration in detail before renewal – we expect to eliminate
about 300 registrations in 2008 alone and approximately 250 – 400
each year for the next few years. However, consolidating our brand

133
stable and reducing the number of unique trademarks is a longer term
exercise that will require discipline and commitment from all markets.
In the first instance, we need to ensure that the brand stable is not
diversified any further than it already is. To this effect, we intend
setting out a comprehensive brand strategy. Any new product
introduction should ordinarily use the prescribed brand from this list.
Exceptions will be only allowed after careful scrutiny. You may recall
that we had circulated a brand matrix several months ago. We have
now reviewed that first attempt and have now developed a
comprehensive list of all conceivable endusers and substrates. This is a
prescriptive document, intended to eliminate a number of smaller
country/regional brands over a period of time. Of course, strong and
traditional country specific brands will continue as it is not our
intention to jeopardize our business in any way. The new brand matrix
is now attached. Any market launching a new product will find easy
guidance as to the right brand for the product in question. Shortly, the
new Corporate Identity Guidelines Manual will be loaded on the
intranet. Every brand in the matrix will be featured in the Manual,
which will enable markets to select and use the right livery for every
product. By strictly following these guidelines, we can achieve global
standardisation of our brand portfolios and livery over a period of time.
Whilst this brand matrix is primarily intended to guide future
product/brand introductions, it is also intended to serve as a guide for
rationalising existing brands.

To begin with, all brands out with the brand matrix will be subjected to
scrutiny and will:

a) be eliminated by merging with an existing brand in the matrix

b) be eliminated by changing to a brand from the matrix.

c) be allowed to continue as an exception – these exceptions will only

be granted after a careful scrutiny and discussion with the markets
concerned.

Exceptions:

134
Use of Brands outwith the brand matrix is only allowed with the
express and prior permission of Global Marketing.

TRADEMARK MANAGEMENT POLICIES

Coats plc through J & P Coats Limited (“Coats”) has outsourced

responsibility for its Trade Mark maintenance to Murgitroyd &
Company Limited (“Murgitroyd”) through an Outsourcing Agreement
(“the Agreement”). With immediate effect Murgitroyd should be the
first point of contact for all Trade Mark matters. This document outlines
the Procedures for interaction between Coats and Murgitroyd for the
effective management of Coats’ Trade Mark portfolio and should be
followed by all Coats’ local subsidiaries operating worldwide.

PROCEDURES:

Trade Marks Management Policies and Procedures

1. Use of existing Group Trade Marks

Prior to the introduction of an existing Coats Trade Mark to a market,

Murgitroyd should be contacted by the local Market’s authorized
contact to determine whether or not the Mark is properly protected in
that market, and if it is not they shall provide advice as to what action
then requires to be taken.

2. New Trade Marks

To ensure that all Trade Marks new to a market are available for use,
and do not infringe the rights of any third parties, clearance searches

135
should be carried out prior to the introduction of any Mark. For this
purpose instructions should be issued to Murgitroyd to carry out a
preliminary search, which in the first instance will be of available
internet databases and which does not incur an out of pocket charge. It
will be noted by both parties that such searches have inherent
limitations, namely:

(a) Use of a Mark may infringe not only identical registrations, but also
registrations of Marks and goods which are similar to the extent that
there may be confusion on the part of the relevant public. It will be
noted that such searches will only cover a limited range of
misspellings, phonetic equivalents or other similar Marks to the Mark
searched.

(b) It is possible that another party may already have a reputation in a

Mark being searched, or a Mark similar to it. Such a reputation can give
rise to unregistered common law / first user / unfair competition rights
which could be used in a complaint. The searches carried out do not
cover this possibility comprehensively.

(c) Some Marks, for example logos, may be the subject of design or
copyright protection. Our search does not cover this.

(d) The accuracy of the search report is dependent on the Trade Mark
Registry records and the databases used; there is inevitably a delay
between Trade Mark applications being filed and appearing on the
databases used.

(e) An effective application in a country can claim "priority" from an

earlier application filed in another country within the previous six
months. It is possible that an application recently filed in a non-
searched country may give rise to rights in a relevant Mark in a
country of interest which will not appear in the search.

136
(f) There will be no comprehensive search of other Registers or
databases such as the Register of Company Names, Designs Register,
the Internet, domain names, or foreign Trade Marks Registers. We
have considered only Trade Mark issues, and there may be other legal
issues (for example under laws relating to labeling or safety) to which
the searches do not extend.

(g) Registered Marks with a reputation in a particular country can in

some circumstances prevent use and registration of identical or similar
Marks in relation to dissimilar goods or services. Our search covers
identical Marks in all classes but does not extend to similar Marks for
dissimilar goods or services.

(h) Well-known Marks can in some circumstances prevent use and

registration of identical or similar Marks in a country even if they are
not registered or even used in that country. Our search does not
extend to such well-known Marks. Should Murgitroyd consider that in
any particular instance more thorough searching is required they shall
provide an estimate of the costs involved and also refer the matter to
the Coats’ Global Marketing Director for approval of such expenditure.
It is to be noted that more thorough searching is considered by
Murgitroyd to be best practice, and should always be considered in any
situation.

3. Trade Mark registration

Once Murgitroyd have conducted searches and have concluded that a

Mark appears available for use (subject to the limitations of such
searches) and it has been decided that registration is required, a Brand
Registration Proposal Form (“Proposal”), attached here to as Schedule
A, should be completed by the Markets as fully as possible and
submitted to the Coats’ Global Marketing Director for approval. The
Proposal should be copied to coats@murgitroyd.com and Murgitroyd
will then provide the Coats’ Global Marketing Director with an estimate
of the costs involved in registering the Mark in line with the Proposal.
The Coats’ Global Marketing Director will approve or not approve the
expenditure as the case may be, and advise Murgitroyd accordingly. If
approved Murgitroyd will proceed with the filing of an application and
confirm this to the proposing party. Unless specifically instructed to the
contrary, Murgitroyd will not thereafter report the progress of any

137
application for registration unless the application is either refused by a
Trade Marks Office or opposed by a third party. Unless a local Mark is
involved or there are other overriding reasons for filing an application
in the name of a local company, Murgitroyd will, as a matter of policy,
file Trade Mark applications in the name of:

J. & P. Coats Limited

155 St Vincent Street

Glasgow G2 5PA

Scotland

(Being the principal Trade Mark owning company of the Coats Group).

4. Trade Mark Renewals

Renewal Decisions will be made annually [normally in September] at

which time Murgitroyd will provide the Coats’ Global Marketing Director
with a complete list of all Coats’ Trade Mark registrations falling due for
renewal during the following year. A number of Trade Marks will
already have been identified by Global Marketing as “Policy Marks” and
Murgitroyd will renew these as a matter of course without the need for
further instruction. Of the remaining Trade Marks, the Global Marketing
Director will make a decision on those which from a global perspective
should be either retained or permitted to lapse. Murgitroyd will then
communicate the remainder of the Trade Marks to appropriate local
management for a view as to whether or not the registrations require
to be retained. In the event that local management consider that a
trade mark should be renewed and annual sales under that mark
amount to less than $20,000 per annum a Brand Renewal Form,
attached hereto as Schedule B, should be completed and submitted to
the Coats’ Global Marketing Director for approval.

5. Trade Mark watching

The service provided by Murgitroyd’s will involve:

(a) Undertaking Trade Mark watching activity for all Trade Marks
included within Schedule C, utilizing external watching services as
required;

138
(b) Undertaking Trade Mark watching activity for Trade Marks
published

worldwide in International Classes 23 and 26, utilizing external

watching

services as required;

(c) Reviewing results and making recommendations in respect of

possible

oppositions; and

(d) Initiating and complete opposition proceedings, utilizing other

attorney firms when required.

6. Infringements

Murgitroyd will provide:

(a) Advice on infringement of Coats’ existing rights and advice on

infringement of third party rights by Coats, liaising with counsel,
solicitors and overseas firms if required;

(b) Advice and support for business units faced with infringement
allegations.

7. Assignments and recordal of licenses

Murgitroyd are available for preparation, amendment and recordal of

assignments or licenses in line with legal requirements of territories
involved, utilizing other attorney firms where necessary.

8. Local attorneys

As a matter of policy, attorneys working within a certain Market’s

jurisdiction (“Local attorneys”) which require to be retained to
undertake certain Trade Mark work should receive their instructions
from Murgitroyd.

139
Where the Market itself believes the best interests of Coats will be
served through their instructing of a Local attorney directly for
particular matters, the local Market’s authorized contact should
contact Murgitroyd and provide the reasons why Coats is better served
through such direct instruction. In all cases, Murgitroyd has the final
say over whether Murgitroyd will instruct the Local attorney directly or
allow the local Market’s authorized contact to do so. In the latter case,
the local Market’s authorized contact must provide Murgitroyd with
regular updates as to how the individual matter is progressing and
provide detailed responses on request from Murgitroyd.

9. Invoicing

Wherever possible, all third party invoices from e.g. Local attorneys
should be addressed and sent to Murgitroyd for payment. Such
invoices will be recharged to Coats in line with the Agreement.

10. Other Services

In addition to services relating to Trade Marks, Murgitroyd can be

contacted to obtain advice and guidance in relation to other
Intellectual Property Rights (“IPR”) including but not limited to:

(a) Design rights, registered designs and copyright;

(b) Licensing and other agreements relating to IPR

11. Service level

Under the terms of the Agreement Murgitroyd will:

(a) Return telephone calls or acknowledge any contact from Coats’

personnel with appropriate authority within 24 hours;

(b) Answer requests for general information from Coats personnel with

140
appropriate authority (e.g. general, trade mark or trade mark status
enquiries but provided all such requests do not require technical input)
within 24 hours;

(c) Meet requests for specific information requiring technical input

within 48 hours;

(d) Initiate action within 48 hours following agreement on instructions;

(e) Agree a timetable with appropriately authorized Coats personnel

with

milestones for multi task projects;

(f) Meet agreed deadlines; and

(g) Not allow any Trade Mark registration to lapse without specific
instructions to do so. Under the terms of the Agreement Coats shall:

(a) Make available appropriate staff on a quarterly basis for review

discussions;

(b) On urgent matters, acknowledge communications from Murgitroyd

within 24 hours;

(c) On routine matters, acknowledge communications from Murgitroyd

within 3 working days;

(d) Provide instructions no later than 72 hours before a formal deadline

i.e. a deadline fixed by an Intellectual Property Office or by statutory
requirements; and

(e) Provide, where available, Coats’ brands sales on an annual basis.

NB: All timescales exclude Saturdays and Sundays. Public holidays in

Scotland are excluded insofar as any timescale applies to Murgitroyd.
Public holidays in the jurisdiction in which the relevant Coats business
unit is located are excluded insofar as any timescale applies to Coats.
For the purposes of this Agreement the period of seven (7) days
commencing on 25 December in each year shall be deemed to be a
public holiday in England and Wales.

141
ATTACHMENTS

SCHEDULE A

_ BRAND REGISTRATION PROPOSAL

1. Brand Proposed to be Registered:

2 . Product Description:

3 . Proposed Launch Date:

4 . Sales Unit:

5 . Market Segment:

6 . Reason for introduction:

7 . Likely Sales Value (US$) - Year 1:

8 . Likely Sales Value (US$) - Year 2:

9 . Likely Sales Value (US$) - Year 3:

10. Countries for initial launch: (In descending order of commercial

importance)

11. Other target countries (if any):

12 . Countries in which you propose the brand should be registered:

13 . Your assessment of potential for counterfeit / imitation by

competitors

(High/Medium/Low)

14 . Potential Registration Cost:(To be completed by Murgitroyd)

SCHEDULE B

(BRAND RENEWAL FORM)

142
_ BRAND REGISTRATION PROPOSAL

1. Brand Proposed to be renewed:

2 . Product Description:

4 . Sales Unit:

5 . Market Segment

7 . Likely Sales Value (US$) - Year 1:

8 . Likely Sales Value (US$) - Year 2:

9 . Likely Sales Value (US$) - Year 3:

10. Countries for initial launch: (In descending order of commercial

importance)

13. Your assessment of potential for counterfeit / imitation by

competitors

(High/Medium/Low)

14 . Potential Renewal Cost:(To be completed by Murgitroyd)

DISTRIBUTION POLICY

1) Distributorship contracts or waivers should be entered into between

supplier Coats companies and the selling agent or distributor in all
cases which involve cross border sales. This includes markets where
another Coats company may be present. For illustration, this would
include say Coats India selling to a distributor in Cambodia (where we
have no Coats company) or to a distributor in Korea (where a Coats
company already exists.) Distributorship contracts should also be
entered into in the domestic market where our distribution policy is
entirely or largely through distributors. In other words, wherever the

143
distribution of our products is in the hands of one party or a small
number of parties, we should be covered by a distribution agreement
or waiver. This is applicable to all Coats product groups vis Crafts,
Industrial or Zips.

2) Needless to say, all 'exports' from one Coats company into the
territory of another Coats company must be done with the full
knowledge and agreement of the receiving company and these
relationships must be governed by the policy "Exports of products from
one Coats company into the territory of another".

3) Please note that in all cases involving a distributor OUTSIDE the

territory of the supplier company, the agreement of contract must be
between J&P Coats and the distributor. The standard agreement
contains a clause that enables J&P Coats to delegate the fulfillment of
its contractual obligations to the appropriate associate company.
Consequently, all such distribution contracts will need to be signed by
a constituted attorney of J&P Coats, usually the Global Marketing
Director. Coats companies may directly enter into contracts with
distributors / agents if these are located within the territories managed
by the companies, and no reference to J&P Coats is required in such
cases.

4) With immediate effect all Coats companies should take stock of

their distribution as explained above and enter into one of three
positions:

a) To be applied when the distributor's territory is wholly or partly

located within the EU – Coats companies dealing with sole or exclusive
distributors within or outside their national boundaries, where such
exclusivity has been implicitly or explicitly agreed in the past, and
where it is considered commercially desirable should sign ' Contract A
' with all such distributors.

b) To be applied when the distributor's territory is wholly located

outside the EU – Coats companies dealing with sole or exclusive
distributors within or outside their national boundaries, where such
exclusivity has been implicitly or explicitly agreed in the past and
where it is considered commercially desirable should sign ' Contract
B' with all such distributors. In this situation please also note that the

144
standard contract has to be vetted by a local lawyer to ensure that it
complies with local legislation and all such changes to be approved by
the Coats Legal Council presently, David Younger prior to signing.

c) All Coats companies who deal in their own national market or

outside theirnational boundaries with a single or a very limited number
of customers whose size or status might lead them to think of
themselves as distributors, but where no distribution rights - either
sole or exclusive – have been granted, should get these customers to
sign ' Waiver A'.

5) Whilst the standard distribution agreements are desirable, markets

may, in special cases, amend the standard agreement if required by
local legislation or as a result of negotiation with the customer in
question. Markets should however always keep in mind the objective of
such agreements, which is to protect the company's interests and
should be aware that important clauses should not be sacrificed in the
interests of a peaceful negotiation. In all cases, such changes to the
standard agreements model will need to be drafted in line with
'Contract C 'comply with the “Mandatory clauses” (to be issued shortly)
and be approved by Global Marketing prior to signing.

6) It is not possible for the Centre to know if all relationships that so

require are adequately covered by a contract or a waiver letter, since
no central records exist. Also, new relationships are added every so
often. It is therefore incumbent upon markets to ensure that all such
relationships are also included. MDs / GMs should satisfy themselves
that all such cases have been covered as they will be held responsible
should any issues arise in the future.

145
146
 MARKETING
STRATEGY

MARKETING STRATEGY

From its inception of more than 180 years, Coats has built its business
on successfully applying scientific breakthroughs and technological
innovations while taking full responsibility for the quality and the safety
of its products.

Throughout these years Coats has been manufacturing and marketing

products tailored to meet the diverse needs and preferences of
consumers all over the world. This broad experience has provided
Coats with thorough insight into and understanding of consumer
demands, both in developing and developed countries. Clearly,
consumers' perceptions and opinions differ in the various regions of
the world. Hence Coats has always strived to respect these differences
and to take them into account in its activities.

147
The safety of the products and the integrity of the ingredients from
which they are manufactured are paramount to Coats. All raw
materials used by Coats, comply with strict regulatory and safety
evaluations.

It is neither the number nor the scope of its international operations that
makes Coats India a world-class company. This distinction comes from
the dedication of providing their customers with the finest possible
products and services.

Even today, Coats India still asserts its century-old commitment to its
customers, producing high quality goods by embracing the principles of
Total Quality Management (TQM). These principles have produced a
culture that stimulates individual responsibility and initiative.

Consumer information and labeling consumers' confidence in the

products they are buying is supported by having access to
information. Coats Consumer Services are well equipped to
provide this access and thus are the first source of information,
including the use of ingredients. Many governments now have
implemented or are considering regulations for the use and
labeling of these ingredients. In the absence of a global
agreement on the labeling of ingredients and recognising
government’s responsibility for the regulatory process, Coats
strictly adheres to national laws and regulations regarding their
labeling. As a global thread manufacturer and marketer, Coats
takes into consideration local needs, cultural differences and
consumer preferences as well as attitudes concerning the use of
ingredients.

Coats’ long term experience in thread production can be a valuable

resource in finding the right balance between these elements. This
may well result in different solutions in various regions of the world,
without jeopardizing in any way the safety and quality of its products,
provided their safety is proven, as required for all ingredients.

148
149
 COMPETITORS

VARDHAMAN THREADS

In India, Vardhman is synonymous with threads. Not just threads for

clothes, but for furnishings, wallets, hand bags, suitcases, shoes, car
upholstery, tents, industrial applications and even kite-flying.
Vardhman is one of the largest textile conglomerates in India having
footprints in specialized yarns, fabrics, sewing threads, acrylic fibre
and steel.

In each case, users' demands differ. Designers expect strength in

some threads, strength and finish in another, the qualities of fusion in
a third. A leather craftsman expects a completely different
combination of attributes. An automobile manufacturer spells out
another set of specifications. So does the little boy on the rooftop, the
kite flyer.

150
Reputed manufacturers and buying houses prefer Vardhman because
of its unswerving commitment to quality and service. The company
fulfils IS/ISO 9001:2000 requirements and the products manufactured
are all free. They meet Oeko-Tex Standard 100 under stringent
environmental norms. Sheer technical competence and service makes
Vardhman India's one and only flag bearer in threads.

Besides, Vardhman covers vast ground: cotton, polyster, core spun

(polyester cotton/ polyester polyster), trilobal embroidery thread,
bonded nylon and lubricated nylon thread including specialized threads
like button fusing, bead fusing and anti wicking, button shanking,
indigo dyed and so on. This enormous collection from Vardhman has a
single purpose.

Address:

Central Marketing Office

212 D.D.U. Marg,

Urdu Ghar, 1st Floor,

New Delhi.

PRODUCTS:

DURO SOFT / D-CORE (A&E):

Duro Soft is a high quality extra long cotton staple fiber wrapped core
spun thread with a core of continuous filament polyester yarn. The
polyester core provides the strength while the softness of cotton cover
provides very good sewing performance.

151
Applications
All Knit wear

Sizes Available
Tex 18, 24, 40, 60, 80, 90, 105, 120, 150, 180, 220.

DURO POLY / PERMA CORE(A&E):

Duro Poly is a super high tenacity, minimal elongation polyester staple

fiber wrapped core spun thread with a core of continuous filament
polyester yarn. The Filament polyester core provides the strength while
the spun polyester cover gives excellent sewability.

Applications
All Knit wear

Sizes Available
Tex 18, 21, 24, 30, 40, 60, 80, 90, 105, 120, 150, 180

SPUN THREADS:

TORA - 3 + POLY / PERMA SPUN (A&E):

Made from 100 % spun polyester thread, manufactured from high

tenacity Polyester fiber which has been lubricated to withstand high
speed sewing operations.

Applications
All Knit Wear

152
Sizes Available
Tex 18, 21,24, 27, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 105,120, 180

COTTON THREADS:

SUPERSEAM:

Superseam is a 100 % extra long staple mercerized cotton thread. This

product is gassed to provide a smooth surface and lubricated for better
sewability where as mercerization process gives extra strength and
lustre.

Application
Sewing of cotton garments.

Sizes Available
Tex 35

TEXTURISED THREAD:

SOFF:

Soff is a continuous filament Polyester Texturised thread. It provides

with better stretch on the seams and gives a very soft feel. It can be
used on Overlocking and Cover seaming machines as a looper thread.

Application
Lingerie, Swimwear, Knitwear, Babywear

153
Sizes Available
Denier 150, 300

SOFF NYLON:

Soff Nylon is a Nylon Texturised thread meant to be used on

Overlocking and Cover Seaming Machines as looper thread. It provides
with more elasticity on the seams and gives a very soft feel when the
seam comes in contact with the skin.

Applications
Lingerie, Swimwear, Knitwear, Babywear, Athletic wear.

Sizes Available
Denier 150, 300

WOVEN

CORESPUN THREADS:

DURO SOFT / D-CORE (A&E):

Duro Soft is a high quality extra long cotton staple fiber wrapped core
spun thread with a core of continuous filament polyester yarn. The
polyester core provides the strength while the softness of cotton cover
provides very good sewing performance.

Applications
All Woven garments

Sizes Available
Tex 18, 24, 40, 60, 80, 90, 105, 120, 150, 180, 220.

154
DURO POLY / PERMA CORE (A&E):

Duro Poly is a super high tenacity, minimal elongation polyester staple

fiber wrapped core spun thread with a core of continuous filament
polyester yarn. The Filament polyester core provides the strength while
the spun polyester cover gives excellent sewability.

Applications
All Woven garments

Sizes Available
Tex 18, 21, 24, 30, 40, 60, 80, 90, 105, 120, 150, 180

SPUN THREADS:

TORA - 3 + POLY / PERMA SPUN (A&E):

Made from 100 % spun polyester thread, manufactured from high

tenacity Polyester fiber which has been lubricated to withstand high
speed sewing operations..

Applications
All Woven Garments

Sizes Available
Tex 18, 21,24, 27, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 105,120, 180

COTTON THREADS:

SUPERSEAM:

155
Superseam is a 100 % extra long staple mercerized cotton thread. This
product is gassed to provide a smooth surface and lubricated for better
sewability where as mercerization process gives extra strength and
lustre.

Application
Sewing of cotton garments.

Sizes Available
Tex 35

DENIM

Denim, denotes a rugged cotton twill textile, in which the weft passes
under two or more warp fibers, producing the familiar diagonal ribbing
identifiable on the reverse of the fabric, which distinguishes denim
from cotton duck. Denim was traditionally colored blue with indigo dye
to make blue "jeans," though "jean" denoted a different, lighter cotton
textile.

CORESPUN THREADS:

DURO SOFT / D-CORE (A&E)

Duro Soft is a high quality extra long cotton staple fiber wrapped core
spun thread with a core of continuous filament polyester yarn. The
polyester core provides the strength while the softness of cotton cover
provides very good sewing performance.

Applications
Denim Shirts, Pants, Dresses, Kidswear.

156
Sizes Available
Tex 60, 80, 90, 105, 150, 120, 180, 220.

DURO POLY / PERMA CORE (A&E):

Duro Poly is a super high tenacity, minimal elongation polyester staple

fiber wrapped core spun thread with a core of continuous filament
polyester yarn. The Filament polyester core provides the strength while
the spun polyester cover gives excellent sewability.

Applications
All Denim apparel

Sizes Available
Tex 60, 90, 80, 105, 120, 150 , 180

SPUN THREADS:

TORA - 3 + POLY / PERMA SPUN (A&E):

Made from 100 % spun polyester thread, manufactured from high

tenacity Polyester fiber which has been lubricated to withstand high
speed sewing operations.

Applications
All denim wears.

157
Sizes Available
Tex 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 105,120, 180

OVERDYED:

CHROMA :

Chrome is a 100 % mercerized cotton thread meant for garments

which are to be over dyed. Chrome provides with better strength as
compared to normal cotton threads and also gives better dye affinity.

Applications
RFD Garments

Sizes Available
Tex 27, 40, 60, 70, 105, 120

SPECIAL APPLICATION THREADS:

FUSER:

Fuser is a Poly Poly Corespun thread with a Fusible coating. This

product is meant for attachment of beads, sequins and buttons. When
heat is applied the coating melts and fuses the knots thus securing the
attachment.

Sizes Available
Tex 24 , 40

158
TAURUS:

Taurus is a continuous filament polyester thread. Dtex 120 & Dtex 80

can be used for fine Blind Hemming.

HANDICRAFTS:

HAND EMBROIDERY

People have always found deep personal pleasure and sense of

satisfaction in creating articles of daily use and artistic works from
basic equipment and materials. One of the crafts practiced since times
immemorial is needlecraft and embroidery - the urge to create with
colourful threads. Embroidery was used in Ancient Egypt to decorate
the hems of royal robes, in tapestries in the Middle Ages, and in ladies'
samplers during the Colonial and Victorian eras. It continues as an art
form today.

Hand embroidery is used to decorate wall hangings, pillowcases, quilts

and table runners. Hand embroidery differs from counted cross stitch
in that it uses many different types of stitches to achieve texture and
interest, whereas counted cross stitch uses a single stitch and relies on
color and shading for texture. Five stitches form the basis for hand
embroidery. The stitches are outline, satin, lazy daisy, cross and
French knot.

Hand embroidery is a beautiful art that almost anyone can learn. It is

an art that should be preserved and well worth learning. The hand
embroidery market in India is segmented into three segments.

159
1) Premium Embroidery Threads

2) Popular Embroidery Threads

3) Crochet Threads

1) MAGIKA, PREMIUM EMBROIDERY THREADS:

To satisfy your creative urge to create exquisite designs with colourful

threads, we created MAGIKA, Premium Embroidery Threads suitable for
all kinds of embroidery.

MAGIKA (ART J777):

Magika is a brilliant six strand mercerized cotton thread with separable

strands, made from Egyptian cotton. It is 100% cotton; double gassed
mercerized threads for various embroidery applications.

Key Features:

• Available in 8m skeins of approximately 2gm each

• Ply : Count :: 12 : 30s
• Egyptian cotton provides great lustre and softness
• Maximum strength and lustre because of double gassed
mercerization
• Available in a range of 305 fast colours. Colour fastness as per
ISO-4 standards
• Excellent Wash and Light Fastness
• Available in box of 25 skeins

2) RANGOLI, POPULAR EMBROIDERY THREADS:

RANGOLI (ART J754):

Rangoli is a six strand mercerized cotton thread with separable

strands. It is 100% cotton; gassed mercerized threads for various
embroidery applications.

160
Key Features:

• Available in 7m skeins of approximately 1.2 gm each

• Ply : Count : : 12 : 36
• Gassed mercerized
• Available in a range of 111 shades
• Available in box of 25 skeins

Shade assortments of 50 and 100 skeins are also available.

3) CROCHET THREADS:

RANGOLI - Ball Items:

A brand recognized for its value for money image. We have under this
brand all kinds of ball articles to suit all kinds of hand embroidery
applications.

KeyFeatures:

• Mercerized 6 cord cotton

• Brilliant for fine crochet, tatting and lace making
• Excellent quality
• E801 and E802 are available in balls of 20gm and 100gm
respectively
• E801 is available in box of 10 balls and E802 in box of 4 balls

RANGOLI A805 Tkt 8 Pearl Cotton:

Key Features:

• Mercerized, twisted, lustrous thread

• In addition to crochet, can also be used for all types of
embroidery and needle work.
• A805 is available in balls of 10gm
• A805 is available in box of 10 balls

USAGE OF HAND EMBROIDERY THREAD:

161
 • Cross stitch
• Counted thread work
• Embroidery
• Smocking
• Tapestry
• Applique work
• Quilting

AMERICAN & EFIRD

Alfred & Efird (A&E) has been in the business for over 115 years,
surviving through depressions, technological upheavals, and
challenges from abroad to one of the world's largest global
manufacturer and distributor of industrial sewing thread, embroidery
thread, and technical textiles.

A&E began in 1891 on what was known as Dutchman's Creek. A man

by the name of Charles Egbert Hutchison started the company with six
investors and named it Nims Manufacturing Company.

The company was successful and in 1920 was consolidated, with some
other textile mills, into a new corporation known as American Yarn and
Processing Company. In 1944, the company was taken over by the
EfirdManufacturing Company, founded by J.S Efird.

After the 1952 merger between Efird Manufacturing in Albemarle and

American Yarn Processing, the company name changed to American &
Efird Mills, Inc. In 1968, the diversified interests of R. S. Dickson
combined to form the Ruddick Corporation, a holding company,
which became A&E's parent company.

With headquarters located in Charlotte, NC, Ruddick is listed on the

New York Stock Exchange and had consolidated revenue of over $3
billion in fiscal year 2006. Other Ruddick subsidiaries are Harris
Teeter, Inc. and Ruddick Investment Company.

162
Since the days of water wheels in the 1890's, A&E has greatly
expanded its facilities and has maintained pace with technological
improvements. A&E was the first textile company in NC to match colors
by digital computer, automate the doffing system on spinning frames,
and computerize their dye machines.

This innovative spirit has continued in recent years with the

introduction of new products that have gained industry wide
acceptance. A&E is one of the world's largest manufacturers of thread
and yarns for apparel, non apparel, embroidery, and technical
textile applications as well as for the consumer distributor market.

Currently, the A&E global supply network has 33 manufacturing

centers and 56 service centers located within 50 countries. In recent
years, A&E has increased its product offerings through the acquisitions
of Ludlow, Robison-Anton, and Synthetic Thread, well known
manufacturing companies of quality technical textiles and embroidery
yarns and thread.

AIM, VISION AND QUALITY POLICY:

Today, American & Efird continues a proud tradition of success by

adhering to the principles of Total Quality Management, which is
evident in our aim, vision, and quality policy.

As we continue on a second century of leadership in the textile

industry, the thread that binds us to our beginnings is an abiding
commitment - a pledge to empower our people, to refine our processes
and products, and to serve our customers as well.

To achieve our vision, we will not only meet but exceed the needs of
our customers through excellence in every aspect of our company.
After all, customers provide our jobs and we are honored when they
choose us from other suppliers.

163
 We understand that our customers place their trust in us when they
purchase our products. Their needs are simple. They want goods
shipped as promised and they want the product to perform. Through
modern equipment, excellent technology, competent people, and
materials of the finest quality, we fulfill the needs of our customers.

At A&E, we believe that the customer is our partner. As our customers

prosper, so do we. It all adds up to Commitment.

Commitment:

Customers provide our jobs. They, and only they, pay our wages and
benefits.

Options to buy from many sources are available to our customers. We

are honored when they choose us.

Many customers place their trust in us by purchasing our products.

Their needs are simple. They want goods shipped as promised and the
product to perform.

Mistakes are sometimes made. It is our responsibility to be

professional, correct the problem, and cheerfully serve them.

If we make a mistake, we will admit it and try to correct it at once.

Total customer satisfaction is A&E's goal. When we fail, everyone in

A&E shares the blame. We will not blame a supplier, a computer, or
another department. We are responsible.

164
Modern equipment, excellent technology, competent people, and
materials of the finest quality are necessary to fulfill the needs of our
customers. We believe in charging a fair price, including profit, to
sustain these services.

Excellence in every aspect is our objective. Our customers deserve it.

We believe "good" is the greatest enemy of excellence.

No product is always perfect. When customers complain, they are

doing us a favor. Right or wrong, the customers are informing us of
their perception of a problem. They have the option to buy elsewhere
and never tell us why. We treat each complaint as an opportunity to
improve.

The customer is our partner. As our customers prosper, so do us.

SALES AND SERVICE:

Even before TQM was a well-known acronym, A&E made a bold move
to better serve our "partners."

A&E established overseas operations, bringing first-rate products and

technical support to our customers in foreign markets. We responded
to the need for a "local" source of reliable products by initiating
international production and providing winding, dyeing, and finishing
capabilities abroad. Easier access to our products and services means
added value to our customers. With production centers and sales and
service organizations throughout the World, A&E has exported the
philosophy of "Quality, Service, and Value," a promise that
translates well into any language.

165
ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY:

A&E's environmental leadership is a logical extension of the Total

Quality Management Program. In protecting the planet, we secure
those resources that are of a fundamental value to every community:
the land, air, and water. We have established policies for the
environment and safety and have improved our processes, investing in
equipment and programs designed to safeguard the environment from
the by-products of textile manufacturing.

A&E is committed to recycling. We encourage our customers to return

all A&E plastic cones, spools, and polybags to any of our recycling
service centers throughout the US. We are also working with our
suppliers and our customers to promote the use of recyclable products
and packaging. A&E recognizes that the build-up of solid waste is one
of the most serious threats to our environment. The goals of our
recycling programs is "Zero Waste", the virtual elimination of all solid
waste.

Awards:

• 2006 - Clean Air Works Challenge

Award & Project Leadership
• 2003 - AAFA Excellence in Social Responsibility Award;
Preservation of the Environment Category
• 1993-94- Governor’s Award for Excellence in Waste Reduction
• 1993- Conservation Award; Gaston Audubon Society

Operation in Various Countries:

Australia
Bangladesh
Canada
Chile
China
Dominican Republic
Great Britain
India
Italy
Malaysia/Singapore

166
Netherlands
New Zealand
Sri Lanka
Thailand

WUXI XIN SHENYUAN THREAD

Wuxi Xinshenyuan Thread Factory lies on the shore of beautiful TaiHu,

enjoying convenient transportation. The factory is one of new
enterprises rising from the developed star cities. The factory owns
various high-grade professional manufacturing equipments such as
auto chemical fiber ring-twisting frames type ASKV714A, chemical
fiber ring-twisting frames type SKV304A/B, auto highte-mperature
pressure temperature-controlling moulding machines, winding mac-
hines as well as twist machines.

(1) Exclusively engaged in manufacturing quilting thread, leather

thread, leather shoe thread, zipper thread, thread for industrial fabrics
and netting twine etc.

(2) A whole set of production line enables the external processing with
the production capacity of about 50 tons per month.

(3) Cooperating with customers is our biggest pleasure.

(4) As for transportation: sea, air, railway and car are all available.

Value: Good faith, solidarity as well as creating value.

Mission : To be modern enterprise revitalizing national economy for

society to offer professional service beyond expectations to customers
to create joyful and harmonious growing space for staff to realize
effective return of sustainable and stable for investors.

167
Operation conception: Integrity-based, reciprocity win-win.

Operation philosophy: Service first, Customer priority.

PRODUCTS:

Thread for Industrial Fabrics:

100D-1000D high-tenacity polyester or nylon yarn

Quilting Thread 150D:

210D/3 strand
210D/2 strand
150D/3 strand
150D/2 strand

Zipper threads are manufactured according to the order of

customers(for regular tenacity)
Specification -6inches, 4inches and 2inches.

In addition, the company is specially engaged in the production of

high-tenacity industrial polypropylene, polyester, nylon, netting twine
etc.

Address:

Inland trade:
Tel / Fax : +86 - 510 - 85069477
Cell phone: 13806191035
Contact: Chen Dexing

International trade:
Cell phone: 13906173385
Contact: Wang Jie

168
WUXI XINSHENYUAN THREAD FACTORY
ADD: Linong Changqing Road,

Taihu Town, Binhu District,

Wuxi City- 214024

169
 ANALYSIS OF
THE PROJECT

INTRODUCTION

The project was mainly based on the complete profiling of the

Readymade Garment (RMG) Market in Guwahati, Nagaon, Shillong,

170
Tinsukia and Barpeta and also to create a demand for Anchor Stitch
Kits within the schools of Guwahati.

Readymade Garment (RMG) Manufacturers are those who manufacture

garments in bulk in their units (factories) and supply these garments to
the retail outlets or shops. Readymade Garment (RMG) Manufacturers
mainly makes dresses under a certain brand name; it also includes
school uniform makers, uniform makers of security man, sportsmen
etc.

As the Readymade Garment (RMG) manufacturers produces goods in

huge quantities which in turn means that the company has a good
chance of doing business with them. Readymade Garment (RMG) units
are regarded as one of the most powerful customers as well as
prospective customers that can be used to enhance the sale of the
firm. As a result of these prospects being seen by the company in
these RMG units, I was assigned the job of profiling the RMG units of
Guwahati, Nagaon, Shillong, Tinsukia and Barpeta. During the project
my main aim was to determine the prospect and acceptability of Coats’
product within the Readymade Garment (RMG) industries.

First phase of my project were to profile the “Readymade Garment

(RMG) Manufacturers’ Market” for the company. These
manufacturers are similar like tailors but there are some differences like -
a tailor works only on the basis of orders given to them by their customers
whereas these readymade garment manufacturers produce garments
under a certain brand and that to on the basis of demand. On this project
I had to give a complete detail about the readymade garment
manufacturers like:-

1) The number of manufacturers, where are they located, types of

garments they make?

2) What is the prospect of Coats product in the RMG manufacturing

unit?

3) What are the Coats product and non-Coats product they use?

4) Converting the non-Coats users into Coats users?

171
 5) Their suggestions (If any) etc.

In the second phase, after one month, I was assigned another project viz.
“Revival of Anchor Stitch Kits in Schools”. This was an interesting
work for me. In this I was assigned the job of introducing and creating a
demand for Anchor Stitch Kits within the schools.

An Anchor Stitch Kit contains a piece of single thread tapestry canvas

with the outline of a design printed on it, sufficient Anchor skeins to
complete the embroidery of the design, a free tapestry needle and
simple step-by-step instructions on how to work the simple "long
stitch".

It has been observed by the company that nowadays many companies

are conducting various school programmes like Art and Crafts,
handicrafts, sculpture making, games, summer camps etc. It has also
been seen that recently the schools are very much concentrating on
enhancing the skills of children and for these reason schools are also
experimenting by introducing various kinds of co-curricular activities.
So for these reason I was assigned the job of approaching the schools
of Guwahati and try to convince the school authority and introduce
these stitch kits in their schools.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

Project - 1

172
 • To find the exact number of Readymade Garment (RMG) Market
in Guwahati, Nagaon, Shillong, Tinsukia and Barpeta.
• To know what are the different types of garments these RMG
units manufacture.
• To know what are the different brands of Coats these RMG units
use.
• To know what are the non-Coats Brands these RMG units use.
• To know the dealers from whom these RMG units purchase their
raw-materials.
• To find out the reason behind the difference in the price being
charged for the Coats product by the dealers.
• To make an estimate of per day production of garments in
Guwahati, Nagaon, Shillong, Tinsukia and Barpeta.
• To create a demand for Coats product in these RMG units.
• To know the reason, as to why these RMG units are using non-
Coats brands.
• To study the satisfaction level of the Coats users and non-Coats
users.
• To enquire whether there is complain of Coats’ product.
• To study the seasonal variation in the sales of sewing products.
• To know how a Scheme is made.
• To know how targets are set for the Salesman.

Project – 2

• To create a demand for Anchor Stitch Kits in the Schools of

Guwahati.
• To know the various co-curricular activity presently being done in
the schools.
• To introduce Anchor Stitch Kits in Schools in the form
Weekly/Regular classes, Special Workshops or Summer Camps.

METHODOLOGY

I. SECTOR & PLAYERS:

A. SECTOR – Madura Coats Private Limited

173
 C. PLAYERS –

• Vardhaman Threads
• American & Efird
• WuxiXin Shenyuan Threads
• Local Unregistered Brands

II. SOURCES OF DATA:

For collecting necessary data two sources have been used. They are

primary data & secondary data.

B. Primary Data:

Face to face discussion with the Area Sales Manager, Territory

Sales In-charge, Owners of Factories of Readymade Garments’
(RMG), Tailors, Dealers, Principal of Schools and the
employees of Madura Coats Private Limited, Guwahati.

B. Secondary Data:

1. Various Reports of the above mentioned companies

2. Sales Report of the company.

3. Also through Company websites and Search

Engines i.e.

• www.coatsindia.com
• www.vardhamanthreads.com
• Google

174
 PROJECT-1
“PROFILING OF READYMADE
GARMENT (RMG) MANUFACTURER AT
DEPOT AREA”

1) DIFFERENT TYPES OF GARMENTS BEING MADE BY RMG

UNITS:

175
(A) Guwahati:

Garments Shirts Trouser Salwars Petticoat Blouses Others

s s

Number 22 12 1 1 1 16
of RMG
Units
Percenta 71% 39% 8% 8% 8% 52%
ge

Others Include: Uniforms of Schools, College, Security Agencies,

Petrol
Pump Depot etc.

GUWAHATI

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%
Shirts Trousers Salwars Petticoat Blouses Others
Series1 71% 39% 8% 8% 8% 52%
Garments

ANALYSIS:

From the above graphical representation, it can be said that in

Guwahati most of the RMG units are involved in making shirts (72%)
and School Uniforms (52%). This means that there is a great prospect
in this area. Although, almost all the RMG units are using Coats thread
but still a few of them are using non-Coats threads, only because of the
reason that sometime they don’t get the required shades. It is upon
the company to provide those shades which are in demand but still it
has not got any place in the company’s shade cards. As per as the

176
Coats Interlinings are concerned, these are not at all in demand apart
from a very few RMG units in Guwahati. This is because of the reason
that these RMG units are not at all quality conscious which can be
clearly understood when they purchase low quality as well as cheaper
Interlinings of competitive brands. But effort must be taken to
introduce as well as to create a demand of the company’s Interlinings
in these RMG units with the help of various promotional tools like
Group Canvassing, RMG manufacturers’ meet etc.

(B) Nagaon:

Garments Shirts Trouser Salwars Petticoat Blouses Others

s s

Number
of RMG 9 0 0 0 0 0
Units

Percenta 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ge

Others Include: Uniforms of Schools, College, Security Agencies,

Petrol
Pump Depot etc.

177
 NAGAON

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%
Shirts Trousers Salwars Petticoat Blouses Others
Series1 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Garments

ANALYSIS:

From the above graphical representation, it can be said that at Nagaon

almost all the RMG units are involved in making shirts (100%). This
means that there is a great prospect in this area. It has been seen that
almost all of the RMG units are very much satisfied with Spade Poly but
still they use non-Coats thread. This is only because of variety in the
range of shades. The company must always try to make some indent
shades depending on the demand for the products. On the other hand,
Coats Interlinings are not at all in demand in the RMG units at Nagaon.
This is because of the reason that these RMG units are not at all quality
conscious which can be clearly understood, when they purchase low
quality as well as cheaper Interlinings of competitive brands. But effort
must be taken to introduce as well as to create a demand of the
company’s Interlinings in these RMG units with the help of various
promotional tools like Group Canvassing, RMG manufacturers’ meet
etc. and the company must try to give some cost benefit to these RMG
units in the form of discounts, schemes etc.

178
(C) Shillong:

Garment Shirts Trouser Salwars Petticoat Blouses Others

s s s

Number
of RMG 7 2 3 2 2 8
Units

Percenta 41% 12% 18% 12% 12% 4%

ge

Others Include: Uniforms of Schools, College, Security Agencies,

Petrol
Pump Depot etc.

SHILLONG

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
Shirts Trousers Salwars Petticoat Blouses Others
Series1 41% 12% 18% 12% 12% 47%
Garments

ANALYSIS:

From the above graphical representation, it can be said that in Shillong

most of the RMG units are involved in making shirts (41%) and School
Uniforms (47%). This means that there is a great amount of prospect
in this area. It has been seen that not even a single RMG unit at
Shillong is using non-Coats products. At Shillong, 15 RMG units are

179
using Ameto out of which 9 RMG units are also using Moon. So, the
company must target these 9 RMG units and try to make them switch
to Ameto completely. As per as the Coats Interlinings are concerned,
there are only 6 RMG units which are using Coats Interlinings which is
quite better than any other places like Guwahati, Nagaon, Tinsukia and
Barpeta. It can also be suggested that as 15 RMG units are using
Coats high priced threads, Ameto, it can be expected that, if not 17,
atleast15 of them are capable of using Coats’ Interlinings which comes
at higher price as compared to that of its competitive brands. This can
only be possible with proper marketing of goods and also with the help
of various promotional tools like Group Canvassing, RMG
manufacturers’ meet etc

(D) Tinsukia:

Garments Shirts Trouser Salwars Petticoat Blouses Others

s s

Number
of RMG 10 5 1 0 1 2
Units

Percenta 77% 38% 8% 0% 8% 15%

ge

Others Include: Uniforms of Schools, College, Security Agencies,

Petrol
Pump Depot etc.

180
 TINSUKIA

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%
Shirts Trousers Salwars Petticoat Blouses Others
Series1 77% 38% 8% 0% 8% 15%
Garments

ANALYSIS:

From the above graphical representation, it can be said that at

Tinsukia most of the RMG units are involved in making shirts (77%).
This means that there is a great prospect in this area. Although,
almost all the RMG units are using Coats thread but still a few of them
are using non-Coats threads, only because of the reason that
sometime they don’t get the required shades. Out of 13 RMG units
only 7 RMG units are using Ameto and the rest 6 are using Moon. It
has also been seen that 6 of the RMG units are also using non-Coats
product like Hammer Poly and Victa Poly only because they are not
satisfied with the range of shades that Coats provide. It is upon the
company to provide those shades which are in demand but still it has
not been a part of the company’s shade cards. As per as the Coats
Interlinings are concerned, these are not at all in demand apart from a
very few RMG units in. This is because of the reason that these RMG
units are not at all quality conscious which can be clearly understood
when they purchase low quality as well as cheaper Interlinings of
competitive brands. But some of them are using Article-1616. They
use 1616 only in orders which have higher profit margin. But effort
must be taken to introduce the company’s Interlinings in these RMG
units with the help of various promotional tools like Group Canvassing,
RMG manufacturers’ meet etc.

(E) Barpeta:

181
Garments Shirts Trouser Salwars Petticoat Blouses Others
s s

Number
of RMG 0 0 0 20 20 0
Units

Percenta 0% 0% 0% 100% 100% 0%

ge

Others Include: Uniforms of Schools, College, Security Agencies,

Petrol
Pump Depot etc.

BARPETA

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%
Shirts Trousers Salwars Petticoat Blouses Others
Series1 0% 0% 0% 100% 100% 0%
Ga rme nts

ANALYSIS:

From the above graphical representation, it can be said that in

Guwahati most of the RMG units are involved in making Blouses
(100%) and Prtticoats (100%). This means that there is a great
prospect in this area. Almost all the RMG units are using non-Coats
thread. Some of them do use Moon but only when they don’t get
required shades in the competitive range. The prices of the
competitive brands vary from Rs4-Rs.4.5. These competitive brands
are available in the range of 500metres to 600 metres. Nearly 40
metres of threads are required to stitch a single Blouse which shows
that 1 dozen of Blouses can be made with a single tube of 500 metres.

182
So it is advisable to make Moon either 500 metre or else the company
must compromise with its price in this region. For these the RMG units
must be made aware of the various ranges of threads which are meant
for stitching ladies garments with the help of various promotional tools
like Group Canvassing, RMG manufacturers’ meet etc.

(2) VARIOUS BRANDS OF COATS BEING USED BY THE RMG

UNITS IN GUWAHATI, NAGAON, SHILLONG, TINSUKIA &
BARPETA :

(A) Threads:

COATS Spade Poly Moon Ameto

Brands
(Threads)
Percentage
of Consumption 42.22% 40% 30%

183
 TH READS

50.00%
40.00%

Pe rce ntage of30.00%

Users 20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
Spade Poly Moon Am eto
Series1 42.22% 40% 30%
COAT S Brands

ANALYSIS:

From the graphical representation, it is clear that Coats’ product are

used by the RMG units but still Coats has to go a long to to capture
these market completely. It has been seen that most of the RMG units
are involved in making shirts, which shows that it can target those
RMG units with its shirt specialist threads like Spade Poly or Ameto. It
is better to target the small RMGs with Spade Poly because they will
not use high priced thread like Ameto because of less profit margin.
During winter season some of them make suits which means that they
can be targeted to use Ameto, Suit specialist. But, in Barpeta the
scenario is a little bit different. It has been seen that majority of the
RMGs use low priced as well as low quality thread thread of the
competitive brand. In this case, the company has no other option but
to reduce the price of their product or else they will have to make a
similar kind of threads for this market.

(B) Zippers:

184
 COATS TLR MCL
Brands
(Zippers)
Percentage
of Consumption 36.36% 18.88%

ZIPP ER S

40.00%

30.00%
Percentage of
20.00%
Use rs
10.00%

0.00%
TLR MCL
Series1 36.36% 18.88%
CO AT S Brands

ANALYSIS:

From the graph, it can be said that RMG units only use either TLR or
MCL. But Coats has also got other various brands of Zippers like MIG
and GUN. Even though there are few number of RMG units that
manufactures Trousers but still it can be used in the throusers as well
as in the school uniforms which requires a huge amount of Zippers.
Generally, it has been seen that RMG units uses cheaper range of
Zippers where Coats’ MIG Zippers can very well fit in. The only thing
that the company must remember is that there must be good
promotion of Zippers like Group Canvassing, RMG manufacturer’s
meet.

185
(C) Interlinings:

COATS Article No.- 1616 Article No.- 2000 Article No.-

Brands 1000
(Interlinings) (1) (2)
(3)
Percentage
of Consumption 34.29% 1.43% 1.43%

INTERLININGS

40.00%

30.00%
Percentage of
20.00%
Users
10.00%

0.00%
1 2 3
Series1 34.29% 1.43% 1.43%
COATS Brands

ANALYSIS:

From the graphical representation, it is clear that very few RMG units
are there that uses Coats’ Interlinings. It has been seen that most of
the RMG units are involved in making shirts, but still Coats has been
not much successful in this case because of the reason that these RMG
units generally use low quality and low priced Interlinings. But it has
also been observed that some of the RMG units are using high priced
Interlinings of the competitive brand. As far as the usage of low range
Interlinings, company can only do is that they must try to promote
their product with the various promotional tools like Van Canvassing,
manufacturers’ meet etc. or else it will have to compromise with its
price. Even it has been seen that the dealers don’t try to push Coats
Interlinings because of less profit margin. So the company must target
the dealers especially in the case of Interlinings.

186
 (D) Belt Rolls:

COATS Article No. - 1616 Article No.- 7777

Brands
(Belt Rolls) (1) (2)
Percentage
of Consumption 30.30% 3.03%

BELT ROLLS

40.00%

30.00%
Percentage of
20.00%
Users
10.00%

0.00%
1 2
Series1 30.30% 3.03%
COATS Brands

ANALYSIS:

From the graphical representation, it is clear that like Interlinings,

Coats Belt Rolls are also being used by very few RMG units. It has
been seen that a good number of the RMG units are involved in making
Trousers and School Uniforms, which requires a good number of Belt
Rolls but still Coats has been not much successful in this case because
of the reason that these RMG units generally use low quality and low
priced Belt Rolls. But it has also been observed that some of the RMG
units are using high priced Belt Rolls of the competitive brand. As far
as the usage of low range Belt Rolls, company can only do is that they
must try to promote their product with the various promotional tools
like Van Canvassing, manufacturers’ meet etc. or else it will have to
compromise with its price. Even it has been seen that the dealers
don’t try to push Coats Belt Rolls because of less profit margin. So the
company must target the dealers especially in the case of Belt Rolls.

187
3) PRODUCTS OF THE NON-COATS BRANDS BEING USED BY
RMG UNITS:

Significance of the Graph: To make awareness as to who are the

real competitors of the company especially in the case of RMG units.

No COATS Queen Hammer Victa Tulsi Trishu H.R. K.T.

Brands Poly Poly Poly l
(Threads)

No. of RMG
Units 6 8 2 12 2 3 3

188
Percentage
of 6.67% 8.89% 2.2% 13.33 2.22% 3.33% 3.33%
Consumpti %
on

THREADS

15.00%

10.00%
Pe rce ntage of
Consumption
5.00%

0.00%
Queen Hammer Victa Tulsi Trishul H.R. K.T
Series1 6.67% 8.89% 2.22% 13.33% 2.22% 3.33% 3.33%
Non COATS Brands

ANALYSIS:

From the above graphical representation, it is clear that around

39.97% RMG units are using threads which are not of Coats. Even
though majority of them are using Coats thread but still the company
must try to tap the market of those non-Coats users as well. This can
be done with the help of various promotional activities. But the
company has to think a lot for the Barpeta market because there a
very few population are using Coats threads. Tulsi, Trishul, H.R. and
K.T. are the brands which are in very demand only in the Barpeta
market. These are of cheaper price which comes in a tube of 500-600
metre between the price range of Rs.4- Rs.5. So the company must try
to hit this market with threads which are cheaper in quality or else it
must make a product especially for the Barpeta market.

(B) Zippers:

189
No COATS Brands
(Zipper) Tex YKK SVL Others

No. of RMG Units

4 3 1 7
Percentage of
Consumption 12.12% 9.09% 3.03%% 21.21%

Others Include: Locally made Zippers.

ZIP P E R S

25.00%
20.00%

P e rce n ta g e o15.00%
f
C o n su m p tio n10.00%

5.00%
0.00%
Tex YKK SVL O thers
S eries 1 12.12% 9.09% 3.03% 21.21%
No n CO AT S Bra n d s

ANALYSIS:

From the above graphical representation, it is clear that around

45.45% RMG units are using Zippers of non-Coats. It will not be very
difficult for the company to capture the market of Zippers because
Coats has got a very wide range of Zippers which might satisfy the
needs of all range of customers.

(C) Interlinings:

190
 No COATS Bombay Ruby Ashima Startrack Others
Brands Product
(Interlinings)

No. of RMG 26 3 9 3 18
Units
Percentage of
Consumption 37.68% 4.35% 13% 4.35% 26%

Others Include: Locally made Interlinings.

IN T E R L IN IN G S

4 0. 00 %

3 0. 00 %
P e rc e n ta g e o f
2 0. 00 %
C o n su m p ti o n
1 0. 00 %

0. 00 %
B om b ay R u by A s h im a S tartrac k O the rs
S erie s 1 3 7. 68% 4 . 35 % 1 3% 4.35 % 26 %
N o n C O A T S P ro d u c t

ANALYSIS:

From the graphical representation, it is clear that very few RMG units
are there that uses Coats’ Interlinings. It has been seen that most of
the RMG units are involved in making shirts, but still Coats has been
not much successful in this case because of the reason that these RMG
units generally use low quality and low priced Interlinings. But it has
also been observed that some of the RMG units are using high priced
Interlinings of the competitive brand like Ruby where the company has
a very good opportunity to target that market. As far as the usage of
low range Interlinings, company can only do is that they must try to
promote their product with the various promotional tools like Van
Canvassing, manufacturers’ meet etc. or else it will have to

191
compromise with its price. Even it has been seen that the dealers
don’t try to push Coats Interlinings because of less profit margin. So
the company must target the dealers especially in the case of
Interlinings.

Footnote: Interlinings of non-Coats brands are much cheaper than

that of

Coats Interlinings.

(D) Belt Rolls:

No COATS Brands Bombay Ruby Others

(Interlinings) Product

No. of RMG Units 8 5 11

Percentage of
Consumption 24.24% 15.15% 33.33%

Others Include: Locally made Belt Rolls.

192
 B ELT R OLLS

4 0 .0 0 %

3 0 .0 0 %
P e rc e n ta g e o f
2 0 .0 0 %
C o n su m p tio n
1 0 .0 0 %

0 .0 0 %
B o m b a y P ro d u c t S ta rtra c k O th e rs
S e rie s 1 2 4 .2 4% 1 5 .1 5 % 3 3 .3 3 %
N o n C O A T S P ro d u c t

ANALYSIS:

From the graphical representation, it is clear that like Interlinings,

Coats Belt Rolls are also being used by very few RMG units. It has
been seen that a good number of the RMG units are involved in making
Trousers and School Uniforms, which requires a good number of Belt
Rolls but still Coats has been not much successful in this case because
of the reason that these RMG units generally use low quality and low
priced Belt Rolls. But it has also been observed that some of the RMG
units are using high priced Belt Rolls of the competitive brand. As far
as the usage of low range Belt Rolls, company can only do is that they
must try to promote their product with the various promotional tools
like Van Canvassing, manufacturers’ meet etc. or else it will have to
compromise with its price. Even it has been seen that the dealers
don’t try to push Coats Belt Rolls because of less profit margin. So the
company must target the dealers especially in the case of Belt Rolls.

Footnote: Belt Rolls of non-Coats brands are much cheaper than that
of

Coats Interlinings.

193
4) TOTAL CONSUMPTION OF THE RMG UNITS PER YEAR:

(A) Guwahati:

Products Threads Zippers Interlinings Belt Rolls

(Tubes) (Pieces) (Metres) (Metres)
Total
Consumpti 7,55,400 2,40,600 70,320 27,840
on Per Year

GUWAHATI

800000

600000
Total
Consumption Per 400000
Year
200000

0
Threads Zippers Interlinings Belt Rolls
Series1 755400 240600 70320 27840
Products

ANALYSIS:

From the above graphical representation, the total expected sales per
year of RMG units in Guwahati can be found out.

Threads – 7,55,400 tubes @ Rs.2 per tube = Rs. 15,10,800

Zippers – 2,40,600 pieces @ Rs.3 per piece = Rs. 7,21,800

Interlinings – 70,320 metre @ Rs.50 per metre =Rs. 35,16,000

Belt Rolls – 27,840 metre @ Rs.50 per metre = Rs. 13,92,000

(B) Nagaon:

194
 Products Threads Zippers Interlinings Belt Rolls
(Tubes) (Pieces) (Metres) (Metres)
Total
Consumpti 81,600 0 1,00,200 0
on Per Year

N AGAON

100000
80000
Tota l 60000
Consum ption Pe r
Ye a r 40000
20000
0
Threads Zippers Interlinings Belt Rolls
Series1 81600 0 10020 0
Products

ANALYSIS:

From the above graphical representation, the total expected sales per
year of RMG units in Nagaon can be found out.

Threads – 81,600 tubes @ Rs.2 per tube = Rs. 16,32,000

Zippers – 0 pieces @ Rs.3 per piece = Rs. 0

Interlinings – 10,020 metre @ Rs.50 per metre =Rs. 5,01,000

Belt Rolls – 0 metre @ Rs.50 per metre = Rs. 0

(C) Shillong:

195
 Products Threads Zippers Interlinings Belt Rolls
(Tubes) (Pieces) (Metres) (Metres)
Total
Consumptio 2,55,000 85,800 20,640 5,580
n Per Year

SHILLONG

300000

Total 200000
Consumption Per
Year 100000

0
Threads Zippers Interlinings Belt Rolls
Series1 255000 85800 20640 5580
Products

ANALYSIS:

From the above graphical representation, the total expected sales per
year of RMG units in Shillong can be found out.

Threads – 2,55,000 tubes @ Rs.2 per tube = Rs. 5,10,000

Zippers – 85,800 pieces @ Rs.3 per piece = Rs. 2,57,400

Interlinings – 20,640 metre @ Rs.50 per metre =Rs. 10,32,000

Belt Rolls – 5,580 metre @ Rs.50 per metre = Rs. 2,79,000

(D) Tinsukia:

196
 Products Threads Zippers Interlnings Belt Rolls
(Tubes) (Pieces) (Metres) (Metres)
Total
Consumpti 1,71,000 49,800 18,540 5,280
on Per Year

TIN SU K IA

200000

150000
Tota l
Consum ption Pe100000
r
Ye a r
50000

0
Threads Zippers Interlinings Belt Rolls
Series1 171000 49800 18540 5280
Products

ANALYSIS:

From the above graphical representation, the total expected sales per
year of RMG units in Tinsukia can be found out.

Threads – 1,71,000 tubes @ Rs.2 per tube = Rs. 3,42,000

Zippers – 49,800 pieces @ Rs.3 per piece = Rs. 1,49,000

Interlinings – 18,540 metre @ Rs.50 per metre =Rs. 9,27,000

Belt Rolls – 5280 metre @ Rs.50 per metre = Rs. 2,64,000

(E) Barpeta:

197
 Products Threads Zippers Interlinings Belt Rolls
(Tubes) (Pieces) (Metres) (Metres)
Total
Consumpti 18,780 0 0 0
on Per Year

B AR PETA

20000

15000
Tota l
Consum ption Pe10000
r
Ye a r
5000

0
Threads Zippers Interlinings Belt Rolls
Series1 18780 0 0 0
Products

ANALYSIS:

From the above graphical representation, the total expected sales per
year of RMG units in Guwahati can be found out.

Threads – 18,780 tubes @ Rs.2 per tube = Rs. 37,560

Zippers – 0 pieces @ Rs.3 per piece = Rs. 0

Interlinings – 0 metre @ Rs.50 per metre =Rs. 0

Belt Rolls – 0 metre @ Rs.50 per metre = Rs. 0

5) ESTIMATED YEARLY SALES FROM THE RMG MARKETS OF

GUWAHATI, NAGAON, SHILLONG, TINSUKIA & BARPETA:

198
 Products Threads Zippers Interlinings Belt Rolls

Amount(Rs. 25,64,360 11,28,600 59,76,000 19,35,000

)

GUWAHATI + NAGAON + SHILLONG + TINSUKIA + BARPETA

6000000
5000000
4000000
Amount(Rs.) 3000000
2000000
1000000
0
Threads Zippers Interlinings Belt Rolls
Series1 2564360 1128600 5976000 1935000
Products

ANALYSIS:

From the above graphical representation, the expected total revenue

per year that the company can earn from these RMG units can be
found out. An amount of Rs.1,16,03,960 can be expected to be earned
by Coats if only the company taps the entire RMG markets of
Guwahati, Nagaon, Shillong, Tinsukia & Barpeta.

N.B: This amount might increase during seasons like, November to

April for School and College Uniforms and also during Durga Puja,
Diwali, Bihu, Christmas etc.

COMPLAINS OF COATS PRODUCT

 Spade Poly(180m) Thread breaks while sewing.

199
  Ameto must be made either 100 metre or 180 metre instead of
150 metre. The customer feels that there is a huge wastage of
thread because the ideal quantity to sew a shirt is around 90-
100 metre.
 Rates of Interlinings and Belt Rolls are comparatively higher
than other brands.
 Spade Poly(180m) Thread’s polish diminishes gradually while
sewing.
 Article-3859 (10,000m Cone) breaks while sewing.
 Article-3860 (10,000m Cone) breaks while sewing.

SCHEMES

SCHEME CALCULATION:

EXAMPLE 1:

Scheme type : Free boxes

Period : 1st Jan to 31st Jan

Applicable to : All direct dealers of Madura Coats

Applicable article(s) : TLRO / 008

Scheme objective : 10% Growth over Jan 06.

Level Volume Free box

1 50 1
2 150 4
3 250 7
4 350 11
5 400 13
6 500 18

For 25 boxes, 2 cones of Art 3859 (or) 3860 will be free.

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EXAMPLE 2:

Scheme type : Scratch card

Period : 1st Jan to 31st Jan

Applicable to : All direct dealers of Madura Coats

Applicable article(s) : All D &L articles of TG 19

Scheme objective : 10% Growth over Jan 07

Level Value Free box

1 7000 1
2 35,000 6
3 70,000 13
4 1,40,000 28
5 1, 75,000 36

Scratch card values : Rs.150

: Rs. 250

No Blank or Try again scratch cards.

EXAMPLE 3:

Scheme type : Discount

Period : 1st Jan to 31st Jan

Applicable to : All direct dealers of Madura Coats

Applicable article(s) : Cut-collars of 1919 & 7777

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 Slab Art 1919–Cut-collars Discount
Pouches purchase ( Rs./Pouch)
1 50 0.5
2 100 1.25
3 200 1.75
4 500 2.5

Slab Art 7777– Pouches Discount

purchase ( Rs./Pouch)
1 50 0.5
2 100 1.25
3 200 1.75
4 500 2.5
5 1000 3.25

EXAMPLE 4:

Scheme type : Free boxes

Period : 1st Jan to 31st Jan

Applicable to : All customers

Applicable article(s) : All articles of Tg 2, 3 & 4

Condition 1:

Targets will be given for Tg 2 and Tg 3 + 4 and they will get the below
benefit.

Tg 3 & 4 Group:

• Every Rs.4000 Pre tax value - 2 free boxes of 3841 ( or)

- 2 free boxes of 6362( or)

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 - 1 free box of 3838

Tg 2:

• Every Rs. 6000 Pre tax value - 2 free boxes of N037 / 080

Condition 2: If only the Jan 07 targets are achieved,

Tg 3 & 4 Group:

Every Rs.3000 Pre tax value - 1 free boxes of 3841 ( or)

- 1 free boxes of 6362( or)

Tg 2:

Every Rs. 4000 Pre tax value - 1 free boxes of N037 / 080

BUSINESS PROCESS

1) VAT (Value Added Tax): VAT works on the principle that when
raw materials passes through various manufacturing stages and
manufactured product passes through distribution stages, tax levied
on the ‘Value Added’ at each stage and not on the gross sales price.
‘Value Added’ means difference between selling price and purchase
price.

Rates:

Thread 4%
Zips - 12.5%
Interlining - 0%

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2) Central Sales Tax (CST):

Product Range Registered Unregistered

Thread 2% 4%
Zippers/Stitch Kits 2% 12.50%
Interlinings 0% 0%

N.B: Registered Customers are those who has a yearly turnover of

more than Rs.5,00,000 and unregistered customers are those whose
yearly turnover is less than Rs.5,00,000.

3) Entry Tax: Entry tax is levied on tax free items. Each and every
goods are subjected to tax if it enters from one state to another. This
Entry Tax is mainly governed by the Sales Tax Department. Here, in
this company Entry Tax is levied on tax free items like Interlinings.

4) Providend Fund (P.F) and Employee’s State Insuranc (E.S.I):

Providend Fund (P.F):

12% contribution (basic) by employee + 12% from the

company.

And out of the employee’s contribution of 12%, 8.33% is

meant

for Employee’s Providend Fund and 3.67% is meant for

Employee’s Pension Scheme.

Employee’s State Insurance (ESI):

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 Employee’s State Insurance is mainly meant for the lower
grade

employees whose basic pay is less than Rs. 10,000.

5) Order Processing and Billing:

1st process- Order is received.

2nd process – Punching of the order is completed. In this process the

computer automatically checks whether goods are available in their
godown or not.

3rd process: Picking Slip is issued.

4th process: After that stocks are laid out from the godown and it is
being checked and signed by the Stock Incharge.

5th process: Then invoice is made for those goods (3 Copies). One
copy is send to the customer, one to the bank (if it is a Cheque
customer) and one is kept by company.

6th process: Goods are then sent to the respective customers.

7th process: Payment is made.

Cash Customer: Payment is directly made in the cash

counter of the company.

Cheque Customer:

A copy of the Lorry Receipt (L.R) is kept by the company and the other
is sent to the bank along with the invoice. The customer makes
payment to the bank and the bank in return gives the customer the
Lorry Receipt (L.R).

8th process: The customer takes the Lorry Receipt (L.R) either from the
company (in case of cash customer) or from the bank (in case of
cheque customer) and releases the goods from the transporter or
courier.

6) Stock Taking and Stock Reconciliation:

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Stock Taking: Stock Taking is a process where the godown’s stocks are
counted. It is generally done at the end of each and every Quarter
end.

Stock Reconciliation: This is a process where the counted goods at the

godown are further investigated. It includes tallying the goods left at
the godown with that of the records of the company.

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 PROJECT-2
“REVIVAL OF ANCHOR STITCH KITS IN
SCHOOLS”

ANCHOR STITCH KITS:

Anchor is a registered trademark of Coats India. An Anchor Stitch Kit

contains a piece of single thread tapestry canvas with the outline of a
design printed on it, sufficient Anchor skeins to complete the
embroidery of the design, a free tapestry needle and simple step-by-
step instructions on how to work the simple "long stitch".

SCHOOLS VISITED IN GUWAHATI:

1) Angels of God
2) Modern English School
3) Disneyland School
4) Holy Child School
5) St. Mary English School
6) Little Flower School
7) Guwahati Public School

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 8) Happy Child School
9) Guru Nanak School
10) DAV School
11) Nichols Schools
12) South Point English School
13) Kendriya Vidyalaya
14) Srimanta Shankardev School
15) T.C. Girls School
16) Central Public School
17) Delhi Public School
18) Sanskriti – The Gurukul
19) Maharshi Vidya Mandir
20) Pragjyotish School
21) SBOA School
22) Sarala Birla Gyan Jyoti
23) Army School
24) St. Mary School Mother
25) Faculty Higher Secondary School
26) Maria’s Public School
27) Modern School

ANCHOR
MRP List of Anchor Stitch Kits

Sl Age MRP
No. Description Group (Rs)

1 Wall Hanging-Ice Cream Sticks 8 Years 35

2 Burner- Cap Basket 8 Years 48
3 Welcome Home- Wall Hanging 8 Years 30
4 Coasters 8 Years 40

Sl Age MRP
No. Description Group (Rs)

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 1 Aida Matty Keychain (Set of 2) 9 Years 36
2 Aida Matty Frame 9 Years 30
3 Casement Fabric Placement 9 Years 30
4 Sampler 9 Years 60

Sl Age MRP
No. Description Group (Rs)

1 Aida Matty Bookmark 10 Years 25

2 Aida Matty Pencil Pouch 10 Years 51
3 Matty Photoframe 10 Years 50
4 Matty Letter Holder 10 Years 62

Sl Age MRP
No. Description Group (Rs)

1 Aida Matty Wall Hanging 11 Years 42

2 Multipurpose Case 11 Years 54
3 Holder 11 Years 27
4 Pocket Diary 11 Years 50

Sl Age MRP
No. Description Group (Rs)

1 Mat 12 Years 60
2 Casement Fabric Pouch 12 Years 60
Casement Fabric Cushion
3 Cover 12 Years 80
4 Pouch 12 Years 45

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 FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS

1. It is seen that Coats’ main competitor in this field are the local
brands, generally manufactured by the dealers dealing in such
goods. These products are available at a very low price. This
can be avoided by making the consumers aware of the various
product range of Coats. settle their business on cash basis only.

2. Coats is the market leader of sewing threads but it has not been
possible for the company to explore all the garment markets in
Assam. This is only because of the reason that most of the RMGs
in Assam are small and also they are not all quality conscious.
For this it is very necessary for the company to make these
manufacturers quality conscious.

3. Moon threads must be made available in the range of 90-100

metre (presently comes in 135 metre) because the ideal length

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 to make a shirt is 90-100 metre which will also reduce the
wastage of leftovers.

4. Ameto threads must be made available in the range of 90-100

metre or 180 metre (presently comes in 150 metre) because the
ideal length to make a shirt is 90-100 metre which will reduce
the wastage of threads.

5. 10,000 metre Cone must be produced in colour shades because

it has been seen that it has got a huge demand in the Vests and
Brief industry.

6. Like Tailor meets, RMG manufacturers’ meet must also be

conducted from time to time in order to make them aware of the
company’s products, make them quality conscious and in this
way the company will also be able to serve the customers in a
better way.

7. The company must also try to target the Fashion and Textile
institutes because they require a huge amount of sewing
products and if the company can tap this market then it will help
the company to increase its sales to a huge extent.

8. As per as the Anchor Stitch Kits are concerned, it has been seen
that the schools are not much interested in introducing it
because nowadays the students don’t show much interest in
stitching. But it has been seen that some of the schools are
there, which have stitching as co-curricular activity. So it would
be advisable to target these schools first.

9. Some of the other companies are conducting various workshops

in certain schools. These companies provide the students with
material as well as an instructor to guide the students. So the
company must try out some promotional tools like Summer

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 Camps, Workshops etc. to create a demand for the product
within the schools.

“SWOT” ANALYSIS

Strengths:

 High quality and safe products at affordable prices.

 Strong and well differentiated brands with leading market

shares.

 Strong equity with consumers as a Company with “high quality”

brands.

 Ongoing product innovation and renovation, to convert

consumer insights.

 Well diversified product portfolio.

 Efficient supply chain.

 Distribution structure that allows wide reach and coverage in the

target markets.

 Capable and committed human resources.

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  Integrated and advanced Information Systems .

Weakness:

 Unable to provide goods at a lower price like its competitors.

 Complex supply chain configuration.

 Sometime it cannot meet the demand of the customers in

respect of colours of the threads.

Opportunities:

 Potential for expansion in the smaller towns and other

geographies.

 Development of modern retail formats.

 Potential for growth through increased penetration.

 Growing per capita income.

Threats:

 Competitive environment with diverse players.

 People attraction and retention.

 Rising prices of commodities and fuels.

 Change in fiscal benefits/ laws.

213
 LEARNING
EXPERIENCE
214
MY EXPERIENCE WITH MADURA COATS PRIVATE LIMITED:

These one and half months with Madura Coats Private Limited, Guwahati
are unforgettable for me. The experience, which I got during these days,
was tremendous. I have made good relation with so many people in
frontline division, where I did my project and also in other divisions too. I
found everybody within the company very nice, helpful and co-operative.
Really, the experience I have got from my project will be very helpful to
enrich and nourish my career in the near future.

MY LEARNINGS FROM THE PROJECT:

It was great opportunity for me to do my Summer Internship from P&G,

Ranchi. Some of the things which I learnt from my Summer Training are
as follows:-

EFFECTIVE SELLING:

 To plan for the discussion.

 To present the thoughts in correct logical order.
 To put technical content in the presentation.
 To punch the key benefits in terms of consumer motivation.

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 To perceive the role quickly those are supposed to play in “every
situation” during the interaction.
 To play upon the customers’ ego, but in a subtle intelligent manner.
 To probe deeply to gain more insight into the customers’ mind.
 To prepare for positive results.
 To plant the brand name by creative use of the samples - technical
and promotional material.

CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP:

 Be friendly and accessible

 Attend customer calls
 Show personal warmth and empathy
 Be well organized and resourceful
 Be punctual on appointments
 Listen to customers – it helps in discovering his known and unknown
requirements.
 Understand -

1) Customer type

2) Product type & value

3) Buying segment

4) Accounting systems

 Solve the customer problems on priority and revert to customers

with replies, even it is negative.
 Listen to objections and complaints
 Stay cool and dispassionate even when a customer criticizes
 Attentively listening to the customer
 Appreciating customer needs & expectations
 Response to customer queries
 Response to customer complaints
 Accommodating to change in customer behavior
 Understanding the customer’s perspective
 Do a after sale service

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Marketing is a very crucial activity in every business organization. Every
product and service produced within an industry needs to be marketed.
Despite various difficulties and limitations faced during my summer
training project, I have tried my level best to find out the most relevant
information for the organization to complete the assignment that was
given to me. After completion of my summer training project I have
gained several experiences in the field of sales and marketing.

Theoretical knowledge of a person remains dormant until it is used and

tested in the practical life. The training has given to me the chance to
apply my theoretical knowledge that I have acquired in my classroom to
the real business world. It gave me enough knowledge about the market
and the distribution process undertaken by an organization. This summer
training project has enhanced my capability to manage business
effectively in my near future.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books:-

• The Assam Value Added Tax Act, 2003 – Dr. S. Kanunjna.

Websites:-

• www.coatsindia.com

• www.vardhamanthreads.com

• www.google.com

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WORD OF
THANKS

219
 WORD OF THANKS

This project report is a result of endless effort & immense degree of toil
by many great minds. It was pleasure to work in Madura Coats
Private Limited.

I would like to thank all those people who graciously helped me by

sharing their valuable time, experience & knowledge. I would like to
express heartiest thanks to my guide Mr. Sasanka Talukdar (Area
Sales Manager) in Madura Coats Private Limited, Guwahati for
his constructive guidance, constant encouragement and proper
criticism with affection.

I thanks to the entire team of Madura Coats Private Limited who

influenced me to work positively at each and every step by giving their
precious time to discuss and to provide relevant information and
providing me co-operation and cordial environment for making me
comfortable during my stay in company. I would like to dedicate this
work to my revered institute Ishan Institute of Management and
Technology, Greater Noida where I am getting the shape of future
business manager.

I express my sincere gratitude to honorable Dr. D.K. GARG

(Chairman), Ishan Institute of Management and Technology,
Greater Noida for the support and guidance on the ground of which I
have acquired a new field of knowledge.

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Towards the end I woild like to thank all those who have directly or
indirectly helped me to complete this project successfully.

I would also like to thank all the readers who would study this project.

Sankhanil Bhattacharjee
Ishan Institute of Management & Technology, Greater Noida

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