‫‪Egyptian‬‬

‫‪pyramids‬‬

‫تنفيذ ‪ /‬رانا محمد سيد‬

‫الصف الثالث‬
‫مدرسة الحرية العدادية بنات‬
 The most important
archeological sites in Cairo
and Giza

Rich cities of Cairo and Giza many archaeological

:sites including

Out civilian area Giza Pyramids Saqqara Dahshur area

Out civilian

One of the most important archeological sites and ancient Egyptian known as Ain
Shams or Hzlio Polis is one of the oldest capitals of the ancient world and the most
important archaeological ruins of King Senusret I Obelisk Obelisk rain which only
effect the rest of the features of this city
.

The Pyramids of
Giza

This site was chosen by King Khufu and his successors, Khafre and Menkaure, to
build their collections funeral, which includes the three their pyramids, the
funerary boats of Khufu and the Sphinx. The site also contains tombs of the
supervision of the Fourth Dynasty, as well as the tombs of the workers who
contributed to the construction of the royal pyramids, the tombs of senior
statesmen.

Pyramid of Cheops
The Pyramid of Khufu and the first Hzpalepehriat attributed to King Khufu second
family kings fourth, took power after the death of his father (we will flee), his full
name) Khin scared me sleep any Idol who protect me) was built by engineer (Ham
Oonowa). Has been established on an area of thirteen acres, and the pyramid has two
entrances on the north side, and still retains part of the pyramid at the top Xah
original height, 146 m and the current rise is 137 meters. And the length of each of
the aspects of 230 m, and the inclination angle of about 50-51 degrees.
The pyramid was built from stone Kasi, the same as the original stone of the place.
The internal corridor and the burial chamber of the Supreme - which contains the
sarcophagus - Benita red granite from the outer face of the stone base of the pyramid
Kasi square length of each side was originally 230 meters.
Built the pyramid in air pressure, the number of stones used in building block of stone
about 2.3000.00. Average weight of each of them between 2.5 to 15 - tons, took
twenty years to build the pyramid.
There are in the original design for a pyramid that consists of: Temple valley, boarding
dock, which draws the funerary temple in the east of the pyramid, and finally the
pyramidal shape of the cemetery. In the east of the pyramid found three Pyramids of
whistling to the wives of the King,
Entrance is located in the north at a height of 20 meters from ground level. Contains
on the surface leads to a corridor that leads to an underground chamber, had not been
completed. Boarding pier length of 38 m and a height of one meter, leading to a
corridor stretching 35 meters at a height of 1.75-meter climb to the second chamber in
the pyramid.
The second chamber made of stone Kasi dimensions 5.20 m × 5.70 m 0.15 m high the
highest point of the surface, on the eastern wall of the room opening leading to a
corridor Confidential and communicate with the burial chamber of the Supreme
Bdehliz at the beginning of the corridor catch no gallery nominally 1947 in length, and
8 0.50 m in height with a roof is included. In the middle there is a low vestibule of 60
cm, the limbs above the level of home. This corridor connects to the burial chamber of
corridor-length 8.40 m and a height of 3.14 M - and with him three slots.
The room containing the coffin Gramiti of the king, and on the north and south walls
there are openings for ventilation and reached the outer section of the pyramid. On
the roof of the burial chamber there are five rooms granite. The land of the funerary
temple is located in the east of the pyramid. The rise of the pavement up the valley
temple mortuary temple, which was buried under the mud in the village of bad fat.

Pyramid of Khafre

The second pyramid of Giza Pyramids of three, is still part of Xah in the top until
now, has a height of 143.5 meters and the length of each side of 215.5 meters,
and the inclination angle 53.10, located at ground level, leading to the entrance
corridor Steady, roof of the granite and the angle of descent 22, ends at the
barricade is heading to the horizontal corridor
And then cross the corridor that leads to the burial chamber dug in the rock also
has a roof of stone Kasi. There in the middle of the pyramid and containing the
coffin of granite.
Entrance up to the second corridor of rock, follow the corridor until it connects to a
cross dock, leading to an empty room (probably used for funerary furniture).

Mortuary temple
Located in the east of the pyramid, it is clear that he was making a great temple of stone Kasi
and covered with granite blocks cover the walls and ceiling and the earth, leading to the
entrance lobby and then to the tiles. Temple Valley: The entrance leads to a corridor and then
to the hall in the T-containing 16 granite columns from a height of about four meters. The hall
was paved. Planned your walls 23 a statue of Khafre. And attributed it also rock carving statue
(the Sphinx).
The Pyramid of Menkaure

The pyramid of Menkaure is the smallest of the Pyramids of Giza plateau and a
height of about 66 meters or 216 feet. It is built on the edge of the sloping
plateau.
The area of the base in the original 108.5-meters or 355.8 square feet. However,
due to lift the stones to later use for other purposes, have become along the sides
of the base is 102.2-m × 104.6 m or 335.2 × 343.1 feet forward and rises at an
angle of 51 degrees.
The classes covered the sixteen lower blocks of the pyramid of pink granite. Burial
chamber was cut in the rock bottom of the pyramid and can be accessed through
the northern entrance along a sloping corridor. Passage was cut sloping down the
aisle first.
The burial chamber was closed by three dams of granite or stone molds, which
were lowered in the vertical slots cut in the walls. Has been used as a storeroom
and the other was the burial chamber and its ceiling Jmallona. The walls are
covered with granite blocks.
Was built as a mortuary temple and valley temple and the causeway are two of
the few brick and stone quality. Removal of the pyramid:
Height in 1966 the length of each side of the ribs 108 meters.
Extensions pyramids

A pyramid of pyramids and all three must have the following:

1 - two doors on the north side (MLM).
I: Madam (rows bricks or stones) lower.
And the second on it a little. Each of them is connected to the burial chamber. The
front of this section a small capsule of worship.
2 - on the eastern side of each pyramid was built a huge temple called the temple
ritual or mortuary temple. This temple is related to another temple called the
temple of
The valley, the road is built from huge stones made of the Giza area itself is called
the path upward.
3 - The requirements of each pyramid also be built around a huge wall, not even
close to it a non-priests. He built this wall of stone, brick or raw milk.
4 - the most important thing to draw attention from the effects of King Khufu's
Great Pyramid is called composites, which became famous as "the sun boats,"
which is now displayed at the Museum of the Giza Pyramids area extension.
What they found so far is five placements for boats .. Three of which are located to
the east of the Great Pyramid. It is a long deep pits carved in the rock in the form
of vessels, two of which are moving direction parallel to the eastern side between
the north and south, and lying directly above the third rib between the East and
West. Then found two places for new large vehicles Mnhottin in the rock to the
south of the Great Pyramid
Sphinx

Sphinx is a statue of his body the body of a lion and a human head. And guarding
the tombs and temples were carved from stone Kasi and his head represent King
Khafre. And the Sphinx to symbolize strength and wisdom and intelligence. Is an
image of the god of the sun god Ra and the length of 20 feet and a height of 70
feet.

Saqqara.

Saqqara, located at a distance of thirty-five miles southwest of Giza, and there are
several groups of the kings of hierarchical dynastic third, fifth and sixth bones, as
well as senior statesmen terraces decorated with wonderful paintings depicting
daily life in the Old Kingdom.

One month has raised Saqqara

Pyramid of Djoser

The pyramid's base length 130 meters, 110 meters and display the height of
which consists of six degrees is approximately 60 meters, and all degrees or rising
from the terrace below it about two meters, and the first high terrace about ten
meters. The pyramid was built of limestone fragile, which was recovered from the
surrounding area at Saqqara. And the entrance to the pyramid of the north "The
Navy, and is located below the first instance of it and contains from home on
several corridors, and many of the backstage and multiple rooms are covered with
some of the walls ceramics, blue, green, has its last vestibule decorated with such
paintings, and has three doors and fake contain inscriptions of King Djoser.
The main entrance of the group
Enter the main entrance to Wall Group of King Djoser architectural door made of
stone, and leads to the lobby door-Kabir, a long lobby lined with large columns.
And there is a small door leads to a long corridor carries a wonderful roof forty
columns of stone tied to a firmer of reed.
In the northeast, there are Mstabtan to Omirtin of the daughters of King Djoser
and each column of the lobby in front of him.
Dahshur area
It is the southern region of the necropolis of Memphis, and contains a number of
groups and hierarchical effects. Has been a cemetery since the Fourth Dynasty
built the King, where we will flee Ohramath two of the three, two curved pyramid
and the Red Pyramid, The latter was the first full pyramid in Egypt.
In the Central State has some of the kings of the Twelfth Dynasty, and two of
Amenemhat II, Senusret III and Amenemhat III, the construction of their pyramids
there
Iimanb Museum at Saqqara

Museum is located to the right of Iimanb Saqqara archaeological area of Saqqara,

and the museum houses more than 250 artifacts.

Was held Iimanb Museum at Saqqara in memory of the ancient Egyptian architect
Iimanb and his honor as the first thought in the administration of the cemetery
hierarchies, and perform hierarchical group of King Zoser, who revolutionized the
ancient Egyptian architecture using stone for the first time and is widely
Widely in building a hierarchical integrated for nearly five thousand years, and
was at the time of burial will be at this time in the ground in the graveyard of mud
bricks, but the cemetery was designed by Iimanb pyramid of King Djoser included,
in addition to an integrated set next to including the valley temple, which brings
together all the nobles and princes of the king's burial, to begin to walk him to the
mortuary temple, which is held in which the embalming and rituals, then walk later
in the causeway to the pyramid for burial in the cemetery, and Iimanb is the first
and most famous architect in history. . He is the first temple built with stone in
Egyptian history, the first use of the columns in the construction and the first
pyramid built temples, and before the adoption of bamboo, wood, clay and palm
leaves .. Not only that, but it is the first from the roof of temples carved from
blocks of stone, and the first statue erected above the ground, and place it in the
cabin, and before the statues are placed under the ground

Iimanb was the first engineer known to humanity has architectural thinking is clear
and the first to develop a design is implemented on the ground and not relying on
the cumulative construction.
The museum consists of six rooms is a long hall of halls, 4 rooms along the hall on
both sides, located the first hall in the face of the entrance, and contains the base
of the statue of King Djoser, in addition to the presence of 4 plates Jgravek review
the architecture before and after Iimanb Paintings discovered by the world's
archaeological Philippe Weber and King Zoser, and then Hall of missions, which
includes fossils of different missions and that in five Vtarin of view, there is room
in now about 62 artifacts, a statue of the Egyptian Museum of Amun or Iiept
excavations of the German Mission at Saqqara, and the ark of the body of the
mummy is covered with gold colored foil, a group physician Qar placed in a shop
window is divided into the first two rows contains over 21 bronze statues are the
statues of the gods the largest statue of Isis, and the second row contains on 20
pieces of offering tables and pottery are all of clay, except three of the Alolabestr,
and five pieces of limestone which is a statue of late afternoon Basmatik Jnaizitin
and two paintings, including one by the king Nila and two pieces of limestone
carved them colorful, in addition to the Hebrew in which the French mission
Fatrina Alan Lord Zeevi 20 pieces, including Hebrew mask of the Egyptian
Museum.
The Hall of Saqqara Cetkail it includes 76 pieces of which 60 vessels of ancient
pots of different stones from Alolabestr Cmst, in addition to the panel of the
limestone landscape of the industry Alolabestr, as well as the 16 statue, mostly
from the old state except Statue of one of the state average, the most famous
pieces in the Statue pyramid crown of the reader and within the law of another
statue of a man and his wife.
The fourth courtroom Vtdm 8 items from the walls of an architectural faience
(Mosaic) with a length of 10 meters have been collected from more than one
place, including a cemetery south of the Cobra and the mayor and the ceiling of
stone, and the element of allergic and column, and a statue of the king Djoser lost
the head of the limestone, small statues of bronze Iimanb shows shaven head,
wearing a necklace and holding a papyrus in his hand.
It contains room tombs at Saqqara the 9 Vtarin there either singly wooden coffin
and a statue and a boat as a model for a cemetery and the burial chamber, and
there is also a collection of funerary furniture distributed in Vatrienten mask and
colorful from the excavations of the Japanese mission, and a statuette of the king
of me and the texts of the pyramids and papyrus and Obelisk, Panel and famine
which is found on a stand in the face of the entrance hall, library hall and then
came to a Weber now includes more than 300 books (periodicals and publications
of the Authority) as containing a scrap of personal belongings of the
archaeological world, Jean-Philippe (a compass camera photographs private), and
there are paintings Jgravek talking to on the Weber and his work at Saqqara.
The room that was allocated for burial, has been carving out a graveyard full of a
wooden coffin and some excavation of the remains of pottery and Alolabestr or
timber, and the mummy of this cemetery is the Mini-Ra the son of King Djoser,
was displayed in a private Fatrina have been processed to maintain this mummy.

He pointed out that Hall has been allocated for books on the area of Saqqara, and
engineer Lauper French, and was architect restorer for a Pyramid of King Djoser
The library collection of books in three languages, namely Arabic, English and
French.

There is also room to create visual Makita outside the museum include the defeat
of Saqqara and a screen for viewing the film describes the effects of Saqqara and
was completely out of the excavations, and some shops on an area of 200 meters,
also located behind the museum Mkhoznan Tvian equipped with the highest level
of storage the effects of the region in a museum it easier for students research
and study.

The scientists emphasize that the most important effects of planning is designed
by Iimanb the bottom of the pyramid passages that lead to the burial chamber to
mislead thieves, and the length of these corridors of 3 kilo two meters.

That the idea of the project was the establishment of one room to view the
architectural restoration, which was in a group of families pharaohs, but the idea
evolved after the establishment of a museum to include the integrated services for
the tourists to an area of 3 acres (12 thousand square meters) on one floor is not a
modern style that simulates any model.

Among the objectives of the archaeological museum in commemoration of the late

French Lauper, who spent 70 years of longevity between the effects of Rehab
Saqqara was relying on his map to explain the archaeological area of Saqqara has
been allocated in the list and library in addition to his full review of the most
important archaeological discoveries..