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MOTIVATION

CONCEPTS
By : Group 6.
MOTIVATION
 It is the process that accounts for an individual’s intensity, direction and
persistence of effort towards attaining a goal / organizational goal.
 The three Key Elements are:

INTENSITY DIRECTION PERSISTANCE

Effort directed towards How long can efforts be


How hard a person tries
and consistent with goal maintained
EARLY THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
 During 1950’s four major theories were formulated:
 Hierarchy of Needs Theory
 Theory X and Theory Y.
 Two – Factor Theory.
 McClelland’s Theory of Needs.
 Foundation for contemporary theories.
 Theories and their terminologies used by practicing managers regularly.

 Have not held up on close examination or fallen out of favor as no more


represent current state of thinking regarding motivation.
HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY
 Abraham Maslow hypothesized that within each person hierarchy of
five needs exists.
 1.) Physiological: Hunger, thirst.
 2.) Safety: Security and Protection.
 3.) Social: Affection, belongingness.
 4.) Esteem: Internal Factors like- self-respect, autonomy.

External Factors like – status, recognition.


 5.) Self-actualization: To become what one is capable of. Growth, self -

fulfillment.
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
 As each need gets

satisfied, the next need


Higher
becomes dominant. Order Satisfied
 Substantially satisfied needs --Needs Internally
no longer motivate.
 Used by managers as

intuitively logical and Lower


Satisfied
Order
easy to understand. Externally
--Needs

Drawbacks – Research does not validate the theory.


- No empirical substantiation.
Theory X
Assumptions–
 Employees dislike work and attempt to avoid it..
 Has no ambition, wants no responsibility, and would rather follow than
lead
 Is self-centred and therefore does not care about organizational goals.
 Resists change.
 The firm relies on money and benefits to satisfy employees' lower
need.

Management Style : Authoritarian, Hard


Management
Employee is
Time to
self-aware
develop
Work can and seeks
maturity
be as responsibility
natural as Creativity
play and and
rest ingenuity
is common
in
everyone

With
Rewards are
commitment
seen as
employees meeting
will be self- higher needs
directed to like self-
goals
Theory Y actualization

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