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@@@ÞaŒíŒÌÛa@N‡@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@òîöbíŒîÐÛa@âìÜÈÛa@ñ…bß@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@2@òî™bí‰@âìÜÇ@µëþa@òäÛa
: 1@åí‹ànÛa
ﻣﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ AB = l = 10 m ; m = 200g ; g =10N.Kg-1 :ﻭ β = 60 °= αﻭ θ = 20 °ﻭ = r = OBﻭOC =0,5 m
ﻳﻨﺰﻟﻖ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺻﻠﺐ ﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻬﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺳﻜﺔ . ABCﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ ABﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻊ
ﺍﻟﺨﻂ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ Bﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ . βﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ BCﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻮﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻬﺎ rﻭﻣﺮﻛﺰﻫﺎ . O
ﺃﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ .
( Iﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ) (Sﻣﻦ Aﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻳﺪﺋﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﻣﻬﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ :
(11ﺍﺟﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ) .(Sﺍﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻭﻣﺜﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ .
(12ﺃﻭﺟﺪ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﺷﻐﻞ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ) (Sﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻣﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ .
(13ﺃﻭﺟﺪ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ Bﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ gﻭ lﻭ βﺛﻢ ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ .
(IIﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻴﺮ ) (B,Cﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺗﻜﺎﻓﺌﻪ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ fﺍﺗﺠﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻣﻤﺎﺱ ﻟﻠﺠﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﻱ )(B,C
(12ﻣﺜﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ ) (B,Cﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ) (Sﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ .
(22ﻋﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻐﻞ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻣﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ
ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺱ . ﺣﻴﺚ (23ﺑﻴﻦ ﺃﻥ
ﻓﺴﺮ ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺠﺬﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ ﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻭﻣﺘﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ Bﺇﻟﻰ . C
(24ﻳﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ Cﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ωC = 20 rad.s-1ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻣﺒﺮﻫﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ
ﺃﻭﺟﺪ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ fﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ )(B ,C
: 2@åí‹ànÛa
ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺃﺳﻄﻮﺍﻧﺔ ) (Sﻛﺘﻠﺘﻬﺎ m = 200gﺷﻌﺎﻋﻬﺎ r = 20 cmﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻳﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻗﺼﻮﺭﻫﺎ
،ﻧﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺍﻧﺔ ﺧﻴﻄﺎ ﻛﺘﻠﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻼﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ
ﻭﻳﺤﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﻟﺤﺮ ﺟﺴﻤﺎ ﺻﻠﺒﺎ ) (Cﻛﺘﻠﺘﻪ . m = 200gﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻂ ﻻ ﻳﺠﺮﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺮﺓ ﻭ ﻧﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﻌﺰﻡ ﻣﺰﺩﻭﺟﺔ
ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﻄﻮﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺒﺮﻱ Mfﻭﻧﺘﺨﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﻨﺤﻰ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺍﻧﺔ ( J∆= 1/2 mr2).
ﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ )ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺍﻧﺔ +ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻂ +ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ) ( (Cﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ t = 0ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺑﺪﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻧﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ
ﻗﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ) ، z = 0 (Cﻓﻴﺄﺧﺪ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ) ( Cﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺭﺃﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺍﻧﺔ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻴﺔ
ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ tﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺍﻧﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻧﺠﺰﺕ nﺩﻭﺭﺓ
(1ﻋﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ) )EC(Tﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺍﻧﺔ +ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻂ +ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ) ( (Cﻋﻨﺪ
ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ tﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ mﻭ rﻭ ωﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﻟﻸﺳﻄﻮﺍﻧﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ t
(2ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻣﺒﺮﻫﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ t = 0ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ tﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ :
EC(T) = 2π(mgr+Mf).n
(3ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﺕ nﺃﻭﺟﺪ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ
ﻋﺰﻡ ﻣﺰﺩﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ . Mf
(4ﺣﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻜﺮﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﺏ 30ﺩﻭﺭﺓ .
@ @@õbîàîØÛa
ﻳﺘﻔﻜﻚ ﺧﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﺃﻭﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻷﺯﻭﺕ ﻛﻠﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ T0 = 160°Cﻭﻧﻨﻤﺬﺝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ :
)2N2O5(g) ---------> 4NO2 (g) + O2 (g
ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻧﺎﺀ ﺫﻱ ﺣﺠﻢ V = 12Lﻭﺗﺤﺖ ﺿﻐﻂ P0 = 105 Paﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ n0ﻣﻦ ﺧﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﺃﻭﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻷﺯﻭﺕ ﻭ ﻧﺜﺒﺖ
ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ T0ﻓﻲ ﻟﺤﻈﺔ ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮﻫﺎ ﺃﺻﻼ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ ﻭ ﻳﻨﻄﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻚ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻭﻧﺄﺧﺬ
R = 8,31Pa.m3.mol-1.K-1
(1ﺃﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺋﻴﺔ n0ﻟﺨﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﺃﻭﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻷﺯﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺧﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺀ
(2ﺇﻣﻼ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺭﻗﺔ
(3ﻋﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ P/P0 = yﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ n0ﻭ xﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺻﻞ P ،ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ tﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ x
(4ﺃﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ y0ﻭ y max
(5ﻟﺘﺤﻀﻴﺮ ﺣﻤﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺮﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ :
4 NO2 + O2 + 2 H2O --------->4 HNO3
ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﺗﺤﻀﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺣﻤﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺮﻳﻚ ﺣﺠﻤﻪ V = 1Lﺣﺪﺩ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺃﻭﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﺯﻭﺕ NO2ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺗﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ
ﺣﻴﺚ
. VM = 24 l.mol-1ﻧﻌﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺾ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻮﻝ 68°/°ﻭﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺾ d = 1,42
M(N) =14 g.mol-1 M(O) =16 g.mol-1 M(H) =1 g.mol-1
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