TYPES OF WIND TURBINES

Wind turbines can be separated into two types based by the axis in which the turbine
rotates.
1. Horizontal axis

2. Vertical axis

As the wind turbine extracts energy from the air flow, the air is slowed down,
which causes it to spread out. Albert Betz', a German physicist, determined in 1919
(see Betz' law) that a wind turbine can extract at most 59% of the energy that would
otherwise flow through the turbine's cross section, that is a can never be higher than
0.59 in the above equation. The Betz limit applies regardless of the design of the
turbine.
This equation shows the effects of the mass rate of flow of air traveling
through the turbine, and the energy of each unit mass of air flow caused by its
velocity. As an example, on a cool 15°C (59 OF) day at sea level, air density is
1.225 kilograms per cubic meter. An 8 m/s (28.8 km/h or 18 mi/h) breeze blowing
through a 100 meter diameter rotor would move almost 77,000 kilograms of air per
second through the swept area. The total power of the example breeze through a
100 meter diameter rotor would be about 2.5 megawatts. Betz' law states that no
more than 1.5 megawatts could be extracted.
Tvpes of wind turbines:
1. HAWT:(HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINES)
Horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWT)
have the main rotor shaft and electrical

generator at the top of a tower, and must be

pointed into the wind. Small turbines are
pointed by a simple wind vane, while large
turbines generally use a wind sensor coupled
with a servo meter. Most have a gear box,
which turns the slow rotation of the blades into
 a quicker rotation that is more suitable to drive

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