SECTION B

6. (i) Diagram 6.2 (a)- Cell Q

Diagram 6.2 (b)- Cell P
(ii) Explanation for Diagram 6.2 (a)
During drought there is water shortage in soil
Soil water becomes more concentrated and is
hypertonic to the cell sap of root
Water diffuse out of the cell by osmosis
The plant loses water and become plasmolysed
(flaccid)
As a result, the plant wilt
• Explanation for diagram 6.2 (b)
When the plant is given water, soil water
becomes less concentrated and hypotonic to
the cell sap of root.
Water diffuse in the cell by osmosis
The flaccid cell become fully turgid
The cell have undergone deplasmolysis
7. (a)
Enzymes are highly specific
They have specific sites called active site
Which can only bind to specific substrates
Enzymes remain unchanged at the end of the
reaction
They are not destroyed by the reaction
It can be used again in another reaction
7. (b) Protease- used to tenderise meat
Lipase- Used to ripening of cheese
Amylase- convert starch to sugar in the
making of syrup

8. (a) X-phospholipid bilayer can only allow lipid

soluble molecule
-and small non polar molecules to pass through
it
Y- Carrier protein, have sites that can bind large
and specific molecule before transporting
them
Z-Pore protein, allows water soluble molecule
and ions to pass the membrane
8 (b)
Semi permeable because some substances can move
the membrane freely while others cannot
2 general factors that determine the movement of
substance is the shape and polarity of molecule
Phospholipid bilayer only allows lipid-soluble
molecules pass through easily
Small molecules such as water and non-polar
molecules such as Oxygen and Carbon dioxide can also
pass through easily
Water molecules and ions need pore protein
to transport them across
Large molecule such as glucose cannot move
through phopholipid unless aided by carrier
protein.
9. (a) (i)
Extracellular referred to enzyme which are
synthesised in the cell
but secreted from the cell to work externally

9. (a) (ii)
Proteins/ enzymes are synthesised in the ribosomes
Transported through the spaces between rough
endoplasmic reticulum
Protein bud off from RER in transport vesicle
Transport vesicle fuse with Golgi apparatus
Protein are modified during their transport to
the Golgi apparatus
Modified protein bud off from Golgi apparatus
as secretory vesicle.
Secretory vesicle fuse with plasma membrane.
Protein release outside the cell is extracellular
enzymes