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Page 48. 2) Plot the following data on both semilog drug is 12 hours, how long will it take for 125mg of
graph paper and standard rectangular coordinates. the drug to decompose by 30%? Assume first-order
Time (min) Drug A (mg) kinetics and constant temp.
4 70 C0 = 125mg
10 58 C = 125mg X 0.70 = 87.5 mg
20 42 t 1/2 = 12 hours
30 31
60 12 k = 0.693 = 0.693
90 4.5 t1/2 12 hrs
120 1.7 k = 0.0578 hrs -1
d. How much drug is left in the body after 4 hours? Page70 #6) A drug has an elimination t1/2 of 6 hrs.
DB = ? & follows first-order kinetics. If a single 200mg dose
VD = Dose is given to an adult male patient (68kg) by IV bolus
Cp injection, what percent of the dose is lost in 24 hrs?
DB = VD CP % Drug lost = C0 – C x 100
DB = (3846.15mL)(12.36mcg/mL) C0
t1/2 = 6hrs.
4
C0/Drug = 200mg DB = 12.36mg
T = 24 hrs.
c. The time for the drug to decline to 0.5mcg/mL,
k = 0.693 = 0.693 the minimum inhibitory of streptococci is
t1/2 6 95mcg/mL?
k = 0.1155 hr-1 C0 = 95mcg/mL
log C = -kt + log C0 C = 0.5mcg/mL
2.3 Time = 2.3 ( log C – log C0)
log C = (0.1155)(24) + log 200 -K
2.3 Time = 2.3 ( log 0.5 – log 95)
C = antilog 1.096 -0.924 hr-1
C = 12.47 mg Time = 5.67hrs
% Drug lost = 200 – 12.47 x 100 Page71 #9 If the amount of drug in the body
200 declines from 100% of the dose (IV Bolus injection)
% Drug lost = 93.77% to 25% of the dose in 8hours, what is the
elimination half-life for this drug? (1st order kinetics)
#8) A single IV bolus injection containing 500mg of CO = 100%
cefemandole nafate is given to an adult female C = 25%
patient (63yrs, 55 kg) for a septicemia infection. T = 8 hours
The apparent volume of distribution is 0.1L/kg & the
elimination half-life is 0.75hr. Assuming the drug is -k= 2.3 ( log C – log C0)
eliminated by first-order kinetics & may be Time
described by one-compartment model, calculate -k= 2.3 ( log 25 – log 100)
the ff. 8 hours
Dose = 500mg -k = 0.1730 hour-1
Wt. of Px = 55kg
VD = 0.1L/kg x 55kg = 5.5L x 1000mL/L = 5,500mL t1/2 = 0.693 = 0.693
t1/2 = 0.75 kg k 0.1730hr-1
1
t /2 = 4 hours
a. Cp0 = Dose = 500mg
VD 5,500mL
Cp0 = 0.09mg/mL
b. The amount of drug in the body 4hrs. after the Page71 #10) A drug has an elimination half-life of 8
dose is given. hours and follows 1st order elimination kinetics. If a
DB = -kt + log DB0 single dose 600mg dose is given to an adult patient
2.3 (62kg) by rapid inj. What percent of the dose is
Log DB = (0.924hrs-1)(4hrs) + log 500 eliminated in 24 hrs. assuming the apparent VD is
2.3 400mL/kg? What is expected plasma drug conc.
DB = 1.092 (antilog) (CP) at 24 hours postdose?
t1/2 = 8hours Wt. of Px = 62kg
5
Dose = 600 mg VD = 400mL/kg KO 0.77mg/min
1
T = 24 hours t /2 = 62.34 mins.
ZERO-ORDER KINETICS
EX #1) Time (hr) Drug A (mg)
10 96
20 89
40 73
60 57
90 34
120 10
130 2.5
7
A+B 55+20
Vp = 666.67 mL
Vt = Vp K12 = (666.67mL)(0.0321)
K21 0.0807
Vt = 265.18 mL
K12 = AB (b-a)2___
(A+B)(Ab+Ba)
K21 = Ab + Ba
(A+B)
K21 = (55)(0.05) + (20)(0.165)
(55+20)
K21 = 0.0807 hour-1
K = ab (A + B)
Ab + Ba
K = [(0.05)(0.165)] [(55 + 20)]
(55)(0.05) + (20)(0.165)
K = 0.1023 hour-1