PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (Ptient-Centered)

Modifiable Factors
Non-modifiable Factors • Prior nutritional state
• Age • Nature of dietary restrictions
• Environment
• Diet

FASTING

Depletion of fat
Protein stores
Deprivation

Metabolic Endocrine
Skeletal changes changes
muscle loss

Protein is
Depletion of
recycled
glycogen
stores

Increase in
Fall in muscle protein Preserve vital
protein synthesis breakdown functions
 Decrease Decreased
Essential amino plasma levels metabolic
acids rate

Growth
Decrease insulin slowed
Liver secretion
Decrease in
energy
Protein Changes
synthesis Peripheral tissue in body
resistance composit
Reduction in ion
Gluconeogenesi activity
s
Hormonal
suppression by
glucose is lost
Reserve energy
expenditure

Increased
aldosterone
Changes in
electrolytes

Increase in cell Decreased basal Degradation of Mobilization

membrane metabolic rate muscle protein of fat
leakiness

Sodium enters
cell Inadequate
energy and Fat deprivation
Hypokalemia
protein intake
Increased cell
water
Contamination is Fat soluble
prevalent vitamins not
Edema absorbed
 Poor protection
from infection

Bronchopneumonia

Invasion of microorganism Decrease immune

which lodges in the upper response
respiratory tract

Enters the lower

respiratory tract thus
damages the lung tissues

Stimulates respiratory
response

Accumulation of Release of chemical

fibrous exudates and mediators
Increase WBC
bacteria

Parenchymal and Alveolar sacs

tend to consolidate
 Cytokine Bradykinin Histamine

Stimulates Accumulation of Narrowing of blood

secretions vessels

Increase body
temperature
Stimulates goblet Air passes through
cells narrowed lumen

rales and cough DOB or Dyspnea