‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪى روﺿﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ دﻛﺘﻮر ‪//‬ﻋﺎﻃﻒ ﺧﻠﯿﻔﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻼﺕ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎء ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ‬

‫‪ -١‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻋﻀﻮﻱ)ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﻳﺎ( ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻏﲑ ﻋﻀﻮﻯ)ﺳﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻣﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ‬
‫‪NH4 CI + Ag CNO‬‬ ‫‪Ag CI + NH4 CNO‬‬
‫‪NH4 CNO‬‬ ‫‪NH2‬ــــ‪CO‬ــــ‪H2 N‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻮﺭﻭﻓﻮﺭﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺩﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻼﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ ؟‬
‫‪CH3COONa + Na OH‬‬ ‫‪CH4‬‬ ‫‪+ Na2CO3‬‬
‫ﺿﻮء ﺷﻤﺲ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬
‫‪CH4 + CI2‬‬ ‫‪CH3CI + HCI‬‬
‫ﺿﻮء ﺷﻤﺲ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬
‫‪CH3CI + CI2‬‬ ‫‪CH2CI2 + HCI‬‬
‫ﺿﻮء ﺷﻤﺲ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬
‫‪CH2CI2 + CI2‬‬ ‫‪CHCI3 + HCI‬‬
‫‪ - ٣‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﻴﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺩﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻼﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ ؟‬
‫‪CH3COONa + Na OH‬‬ ‫‪CaO‬‬ ‫‪CH4‬‬ ‫‪+ Na2CO3‬‬
‫‪CH4‬‬ ‫‪10000 C‬‬ ‫‪C + 2H2‬‬

‫‪ - ٤‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﻴﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺩﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻼﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ؟‬

‫‪CH3COONa + Na OH‬‬ ‫‪CaO‬‬ ‫‪CH4‬‬ ‫‪+ Na2CO3‬‬
‫‪CH4 + H2O‬‬ ‫‪7250 C‬‬ ‫‪CO + 3H2‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﻔﺰ‬

‫‪ - ٥‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻹﻳﺜﻴﻠﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻳﺜﺎﻧﻮﻝ ؟‬

‫‪C2H5OH‬‬ ‫‪H2SO4 Conc C H + H O‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2 4‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪180 C‬‬
‫‪ - ٦‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻹﻳﺜﻴﻠﲔ ﺟﻠﻴﻜﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻳﺜﺎﻧﻮﻝ ؟‬
‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻱ ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﺤﻮﻝ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﳍﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺤﻮﻝ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﳍﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻴﻞ ؟‬
‫‪C2H5OH‬‬ ‫‪H2SO4 Conc‬‬ ‫‪C2H4 + H2O‬‬
‫‪1800 C‬‬
‫] ‪C2H4 + H2O + [ O‬‬ ‫‪KMnO4‬‬ ‫‪CH 2‬‬ ‫‪CH 2‬‬
‫وﺳﻂ ﻗﻠﻮي‬
‫‪OH‬‬ ‫‪OH‬‬
‫‪ - ٧‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻹﻳﺜﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻳﺜﲔ ؟‬
‫‪H2SO4 Conc C H OH‬‬
‫‪C2H4 + H2O‬‬ ‫‪1100 C‬‬ ‫‪2 5‬‬

‫‪ - ٨‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪ ٢ ، ١‬ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺮﻭﻣﻮ ﺇﻳﺜﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻳﺜﲔ ؟‬

‫‪H‬‬ ‫‪H‬‬

‫‪CH2 = CH2 + Br2‬‬ ‫‪H‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪H‬‬

‫‪Br‬‬ ‫‪Br‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﺮ ﻓﯿﻜﺘﻮر‬
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 ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪى روﺿﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ دﻛﺘﻮر ‪//‬ﻋﺎﻃﻒ ﺧﻠﯿﻔﺔ‬
‫‪ - ٩‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻹﻳﺜﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻳﺜﲔ ؟ ﺃﻭ ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻣﺸﺒﻊ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺸﺒﻊ ؟‬
‫‪CH2 = CH2 + H2‬‬ ‫‪Pt Or Ni‬‬ ‫‪CH3‬‬ ‫‪CH3‬‬
‫‪1500 - 300o‬‬
‫‪ - ١٠‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻳﺜﺎﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺮﺑﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻡ ؟‬
‫‪CaC2 + 2H2O‬‬ ‫‪C2H2 + Ca( OH )2‬‬
‫‪ - ١١‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻹﻳﺜﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻳﺜﺎﻳﻦ ؟‬
‫‪Ni‬‬
‫‪C2H2 + 2H‬‬ ‫‪C2H4 2H‬‬ ‫‪C2H6‬‬
‫‪Ni‬‬
‫‪ - ١٢‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻹﻳﺜﻴﻠﲔ ﺟﻠﻴﻜﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺮﺑﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻡ ؟‬
‫‪CaC2 + 2H2O‬‬ ‫‪C2H2 + Ca( OH )2‬‬
‫‪C2H2 + 2H‬‬ ‫‪Ni‬‬ ‫‪C2H4‬‬
‫] ‪C2H4 + H2O + [ O‬‬ ‫‪KMnO4‬‬ ‫‪CH 2 CH 2‬‬
‫وﺳﻂ ﻗﻠﻮي‬
‫‪OH‬‬ ‫‪OH‬‬
‫‪ - ١٣‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪ ١,١‬ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺮﻭﻣﻮ ﺇﻳﺜﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺮﺑﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻡ ؟‬
‫‪CaC2 + 2H2O‬‬ ‫‪C2H2 + Ca( OH )2‬‬
‫‪H‬‬ ‫‪H‬‬ ‫‪H‬‬ ‫‪H‬‬
‫‪HBr‬‬
‫‪H‬‬ ‫‪C= C‬‬ ‫‪H + HBr‬‬ ‫‪C = C‬‬ ‫‪H‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪Br‬‬

‫‪H‬‬ ‫‪Br‬‬ ‫‪H‬‬ ‫‪Br‬‬

‫‪ - ١٤‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﲪﺾ ﺍﻹﻳﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺮﺑﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻡ ؟‬
‫‪CaC2 + 2H2O‬‬ ‫‪C2H2 + Ca( OH )2‬‬
‫‪H‬‬ ‫‪C = C‬‬ ‫‪H + H2O H2SO4 40%‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪C H3CHO‬‬
‫‪HgSO4 – 60 C‬‬
‫]‪[O‬‬
‫‪CH3CHO‬‬ ‫‪CH3 COOH‬‬

‫‪ - ١٥‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺮﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺮﺑﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻡ ؟‬

‫‪CaC2 + 2H2O‬‬ ‫‪C2H2 + Ca( OH )2‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻧﻴﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺨﻨﺔ ﻟﻼﲪﺮﺍﺭ ‪3C2H2‬‬

‫‪ - ١٦‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳍﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻠﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻱ ؟‬

‫‪Pt‬‬
‫‪C6H14‬‬ ‫‪+ 4 H2‬‬

‫ﺿﻐﻂ ‪ -‬ﺣﺮارة‬
‫‪+ 3H2‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﻔﺰ‬

‫ﻣﺴﺘﺮ ﻓﯿﻜﺘﻮر‬
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 ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪى روﺿﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ دﻛﺘﻮر ‪//‬ﻋﺎﻃﻒ ﺧﻠﯿﻔﺔ‬
‫‪ - ١٧‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺮﺑﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻡ ؟‬
‫‪CaC2 + 2H2O‬‬ ‫‪C2H2 + Ca( OH )2‬‬
‫‪ C6H6‬ﺃﻧﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻧﻴﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺨﻨﺔ ﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻻﲪﺮﺍﺭ ‪3C2H2‬‬
‫ﺿﻮء ﴰﺲ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬
‫‪C6H6‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪3Cl2‬‬ ‫‪C6H6Cl6‬‬

‫‪ - ١٨‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻴﺘﺎ ﻛﻠﻮﺭﻭ ﻧﻴﱰﻭ ﺑﻨﺰﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺮﺑﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻡ ؟‬

‫‪CaC2 + 2H2O‬‬ ‫‪C2H2 + Ca( OH )2‬‬
‫‪ C6H6‬ﺃﻧﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻧﻴﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺨﻨﺔ ﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻻﲪﺮﺍﺭ ‪3C2H2‬‬
‫‪NO2‬‬
‫‪+ HO NO2 500 C‬‬ ‫‪H‬‬ ‫‪2SO4 Conc.‬‬
‫‪+ H2O‬‬
‫‪NO2‬‬ ‫‪NO2‬‬
‫‪+ CI2‬‬ ‫ﺿﻮء ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫‪+ HCI‬‬
‫‪CI‬‬

‫‪ - ١٩‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪ T . N . T‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺮﺑﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻡ ؟‬

‫‪CaC2 + 2H2O‬‬ ‫‪Ca( OH )2 + C2H2‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻧﻴﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺨﻨﺔ ﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻻﲪﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫‪3C2H2‬‬
‫‪CH3‬‬
‫‪AICI3‬‬
‫‪+ CH3CI‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﻣﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫‪+ HCI‬‬
‫‪CH3‬‬ ‫‪CH3‬‬
‫‪O2N‬‬ ‫‪NO2‬‬
‫‪+ 3HO‬‬ ‫‪NO2‬‬ ‫‪H2SO4 Conc.‬‬ ‫‪+ 3H2O‬‬
‫‪NO2‬‬

‫‪ - ٢٠‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻨﺰﻳﻦ ﲪﺾ ﺳﻠﻔﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺮﺑﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻡ ؟‬

‫‪CaC2 + 2H2O‬‬ ‫‪Ca( OH )2 + C2H2‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻧﻴﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺨﻨﺔ ﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻻﲪﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫‪3C2H2‬‬
‫‪SO3H‬‬
‫‪Conc‬‬
‫‪+ HOSO3H‬‬ ‫‪+ H2O‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺘﺮ ﻓﯿﻜﺘﻮر‬
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 ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪى روﺿﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ دﻛﺘﻮر ‪//‬ﻋﺎﻃﻒ ﺧﻠﯿﻔﺔ‬
‫‪ - ٢١‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﻮﻝ ﻛﻠﻮﺭﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﻳﺜﻴﻞ ﺇﱄ ﺍﻹﻳﺜﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺲ ؟‬
‫أ – اﻹﯾﺜﺎﻧﻮل إﻟﻲ ﻛﻠﻮرﯾﺪ إﯾﺜﯿﻞ ؟‬
‫‪ZnCI2‬‬
‫‪C2H5OH + HCI‬‬ ‫‪C2H5CI + H2O‬‬
‫ب – ﻛﻠﻮرﯾﺪ اﻹﯾﺜﯿﻞ إﻟﻲ إﯾﺜﺎﻧﻮل ؟‬
‫ﻣﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬
‫‪C2H5CI + KOH‬‬ ‫‪C2H5OH + KCI‬‬

‫‪– ٢٢‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﲪﺾ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺘﻴﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻳﺜﺎﻧﻮﻝ ؟ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺲ ؟‬

‫]‪[O‬‬
‫‪C2H5OH‬‬ ‫‪K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4 Conc.‬‬
‫‪CH3CHO + H2O‬‬
‫]‪[O‬‬
‫‪CH3CHO‬‬ ‫‪CH3COOH‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﻜﺲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪CH3COOH + 2H2‬‬ ‫‪CuCrO4‬‬ ‫‪CH3CH2OH + H2O‬‬
‫‪2000 C‬‬

‫‪– ٢٣‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻳﺰﻭﺑﺮﻭﺑﻴﻠﻲ ؟‬

‫‪H‬‬ ‫‪OH‬‬
‫]‪[O‬‬ ‫‪H2O‬‬
‫‪CH3‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺾ ﻛﺮوﻣﯿﻚ ‪OH‬‬ ‫‪CH3‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪OH‬‬ ‫‪CH3‬‬ ‫‪C= O‬‬

‫‪CH3‬‬ ‫‪CH3‬‬ ‫‪CH3‬‬

‫ﻛﺤﻮل أﯾﺰو ﺑﺮوﺑﯿﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫أﺳﯿﺘﻮن‬

‫‪– ٢٤‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪ -٢‬ﺑﺮﻭﺑﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ‪ -١‬ﺑﺮﻭﺑﺎﻧﻮﻝ ؟ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺲ ؟‬

‫ﺃﻭ ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﺤﻮﻝ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺤﻮﻝ ﺃﻭﱄ ؟ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺲ ؟‬

‫‪H2SO4 Conc.‬‬
‫‪CH3CH2CH2OH‬‬ ‫‪1800C‬‬
‫‪CH3‬‬ ‫‪CH=CH2 + H2O‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺑﺮوﺑﺎﻧﻮل‬ ‫ﺑﺮوﺑﯿﻦ‬

‫‪CH3‬‬ ‫‪CH=CH2 + HBr‬‬ ‫‪CH3‬‬ ‫‪CH‬‬ ‫‪CH3‬‬

‫ﺑﺮوﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫‪Br‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﺑﺮوﻣﻮ ﺑﺮوﺑﺎن‬

‫‪CH3‬‬ ‫‪CH‬‬ ‫‪CH3 + NaOH‬‬ ‫‪CH3‬‬ ‫‪CH‬‬ ‫‪CH3 + NaBr‬‬

‫) ‪( aq.‬‬

‫‪Br‬‬ ‫‪OH‬‬
‫‪ – ٢‬ﺑﺮوﻣﻮ ﺑﺮوﺑﺎن‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﺑﺮوﺑﺎﻧﻮل‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﺮ ﻓﯿﻜﺘﻮر‬
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 ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪى روﺿﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ دﻛﺘﻮر ‪//‬ﻋﺎﻃﻒ ﺧﻠﯿﻔﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻌﻜﺲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪CH3‬‬ ‫‪CH‬‬ ‫‪CH3 H2SO‬‬‫‪4 Conc.‬‬
‫‪1800 C‬‬
‫‪CH3‬‬ ‫‪CH = CH2 + H2O‬‬
‫ﺑﺮوﺑﯿﻦ‬
‫‪OH‬‬
‫‪ – ٢‬ﺑﺮوﺑﺎﻧﻮل‬

‫‪CH3‬‬ ‫‪CH = CH2 + H2‬‬ ‫‪Ni or Pt‬‬ ‫‪CH3‬‬ ‫‪CH2‬‬ ‫‪CH3‬‬

‫‪1500 : 3000‬‬
‫ﺑﺮوﺑﺎن‬

‫‪CH3‬‬ ‫‪CH2‬‬ ‫‪CH3 + CI2‬‬ ‫ﺿﻮء ﺷﻤﺲ‬ ‫‪CH3‬‬ ‫‪CH2‬‬ ‫‪CH2CI + HCI‬‬
‫ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫‪ - ١‬ﻛﻠﻮروﺑﺮوﺑﺎن‬

‫‪CH3‬‬ ‫‪CH2‬‬ ‫‪CH2CI + NaOH‬‬ ‫‪CH3 CH2‬‬ ‫‪CH2OH + NaCI‬‬

‫) ‪( aq.‬‬
‫‪ – ١‬ﻛﻠﻮروﺑﺮوﺑﺎن‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺑﺮوﺑﺎﻧﻮل‬

‫‪– ٢٥‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺮﺑﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻡ ؟‬

‫‪CaC2 + 2H2O‬‬ ‫‪Ca( OH )2 + C2H2‬‬

‫ﺃﻧﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻧﻴﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺨﻨﺔ ﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻻﲪﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫‪3C2H2‬‬ ‫‪C6H6‬‬

‫‪C6H6 + CI2‬‬ ‫‪FeCI3‬‬ ‫‪C6H5CI‬‬ ‫‪+ HCI‬‬

‫ﻏﯿﺎب ﺿﻮء اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬
‫‪ ٥ ٣٠٠‬م‬
‫‪C6H5CI + NaOH‬‬ ‫‪ ٣٠٠‬ﺟﻮ‬
‫‪C6H5OH‬‬ ‫‪+ NaCI‬‬

‫‪– ٢٦‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺲ ؟‬

‫اﻟﺒﻨﺰﯾﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﯿﻨﻮل ‪:‬‬
‫‪OH‬‬
‫‪Zn‬‬
‫‪+ ZnO‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﯿﻨﻮل ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻨﺰﯾﻦ ‪:‬‬

‫‪FeCI3‬‬
‫‪C6H6 + CI2‬‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺎب ﺿﻮء اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬
‫‪C6H5CI‬‬ ‫‪+ HCI‬‬

‫‪ ٥ ٣٠٠‬م‬
‫‪C6H5CI + NaOH‬‬ ‫‪ ٣٠٠‬ﺟﻮ‬
‫‪C6H5OH‬‬ ‫‪+ NaCI‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺘﺮ ﻓﯿﻜﺘﻮر‬
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 ‫ﻋﺎﻃﻒ ﺧﻠﯿﻔﺔ‬// ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪى روﺿﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ دﻛﺘﻮر‬
‫ ﲪﺾ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺮﻳﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ ؟‬٢٧

FeCI3
C6H6 + CI2 ‫ﻏﯿﺎب ﺿﻮء اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬
C6H5CI + HCI

‫ م‬٥ ٣٠٠
C6H5CI + NaOH ‫ ﺟﻮ‬٣٠٠
C6H5OH + NaCI

OH OH
O2N NO2
+ HNO3 Conc. + 3H2O
H2SO4

NO2

‫ –ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳌﻴﺜﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺘﻴﻠﲔ ؟‬٢٨

H2SO4 ( 40% ) [O]

C2H2 + H2O H SO ( 600C )
CH3CHO K2Cr2O7
CH3COOH
g 4
HgSO4 Conc.

CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O

CaO
CH3COONa + NaOH CH4 + Na2CO3

‫ –ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﲪﺾ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻭﻳﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺮﺑﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻡ ؟‬٢٩

CaC2 + 2H2O C2H2 + Ca( OH )2
‫ﺃﻧﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻧﻴﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺨﻨﺔ ﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻻﲪﺮﺍﺭ‬
3C2H2 C6H6
‫ﺑﻠﻤﺮة ﺣﻠﻘﯿﺔ‬
CH3
AICI3
+ CH3CI ‫ﻻ ﻣﺎﺋﻲ‬
+ HCI

CH3 COOH
V2O5
2 + 3O2 4000 C
2 + 2H2O

‫ﻣﺴﺘﺮ ﻓﯿﻜﺘﻮر‬
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 ‫ﻋﺎﻃﻒ ﺧﻠﯿﻔﺔ‬// ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪى روﺿﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ دﻛﺘﻮر‬
‫ –ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﺳﻴﺘﺎﻣﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺮﺑﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻡ ؟‬٣٠
CaC2 + 2H2O Ca( OH )2 + C2H2

H2SO4 ( 40% ) CH CHO

C2H2 + H2O H SO ( 600C ) 3 CH3COOH
g 4 K2Cr2O7
HgSO4 Conc.

H2SO4 Conc.
CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

O O
‫ﺗﺤﻠﻞ ﻧﺸﺎدري‬
CH3 C OC2H5 + NH3 CH3 C NH2 + C2H5OH
‫أﺳﯿﺘﺎت اﻻﯾﺜﯿﻞ‬ ‫أﺳﯿﺘﺎﻣﯿﺪ‬

‫ –ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﺍﻣﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺮﺑﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻡ ؟‬٣١

CaC2 + 2H2O C2H2 + Ca( OH )2

‫ﺃﻧﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻧﻴﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺨﻨﺔ ﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻻﲪﺮﺍﺭ‬
3C2H2 C6H6
CH3
AICI3
+ CH3CI ‫ﻻ ﻣﺎﺋﻲ‬
+ HCI

CH3 COOH
V2O5
2 + 3O2 4000 C
2 + 2H2O

COOH COOC2H5
HCI
+ C2H5OH ‫ﻏﺎز ﺟﺎف‬
+ 2H2O

COOC2H5 CONH2
+ NH3 + C2H5OH

‫ﻣﺴﺘﺮ ﻓﯿﻜﺘﻮر‬
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 ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪى روﺿﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ دﻛﺘﻮر ‪//‬ﻋﺎﻃﻒ ﺧﻠﯿﻔﺔ‬
‫‪– ٣٢‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺥ ‪ -‬ﺍﻷﺳﱪﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﲪﺾ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﻴﻚ ؟‬

‫‪COOH‬‬ ‫‪COOCH3‬‬

‫‪+ CH3OH‬‬ ‫‪+ H2O‬‬

‫‪OH‬‬ ‫‪OH‬‬
‫زﯾﺖ اﻟﻤﺮوخ ) ﺳﻠﺴﯿﻼت اﻟﻤﯿﺜﯿﻞ (‬

‫ﺏ – ﺍﻷﺳﱪﻳﻦ ) ﺍﺳﻴﺘﻴﻞ ﲪﺾ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﻴﻚ ( ؟‬

‫‪COOH‬‬ ‫‪COOH‬‬

‫‪+ CH3COOH‬‬ ‫‪+ H2O‬‬

‫‪OH‬‬ ‫‪OCOCH3‬‬
‫اﺳﺒﺮﯾﻦ)أﺳﺘﯿﻞ ﺣﻤﺾ اﻟﺴﻠﺴﯿﻠﻚ(‬

‫‪– ٣٣‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﲪﻀﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﱪﻳﻦ ؟‬

‫‪COOH‬‬ ‫‪COOH‬‬

‫‪+ H2O‬‬ ‫‪+ CH3COOH‬‬

‫‪OCOCH3‬‬ ‫‪OH‬‬

‫‪– ٣٤‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﱪﻳﻦ ؟‬

‫‪COOH‬‬ ‫‪COOH‬‬

‫‪+ H2O‬‬ ‫‪+ CH3COOH‬‬

‫‪OCOCH3‬‬ ‫‪OH‬‬

‫‪COOH‬‬ ‫‪COOCH3‬‬

‫‪+ CH3OH‬‬ ‫‪+ H2O‬‬

‫‪OH‬‬ ‫‪OH‬‬
‫زﯾﺖ اﻟﻤﺮوخ‬

‫ﻣﺴﺘﺮ ﻓﯿﻜﺘﻮر‬
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 ‫ﻋﺎﻃﻒ ﺧﻠﯿﻔﺔ‬// ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪى روﺿﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ دﻛﺘﻮر‬
‫ –ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳌﻴﺜﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻳﺜﺎﻧﻮﻝ ؟‬٣٥
[O]
C2H5OH ‫ﺗﺎﻣﺔ‬
CH3COOH
CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O
CaO
CH3COONa + NaOH CH4 + Na2CO3
‫ﺿﻮء ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬
CH4 + Br2 CH3Br + HBr
CH3Br + KOH ‫ﻣﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ CH3OH + KB

‫؟‬ PVC ‫ – ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻳﺜﺎﻳﻦ ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ‬٣٦

H Cl
H C=C H + HCl H C = C H
H Cl H Cl
‫ﺑﻠﻤﺮة‬
n C = C - C - C - n

H H H H
‫ﻛﻠﻮرﯾﺪ اﻟﻔﻨﯿﻞ‬ P.V.C
‫ –ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻹﻳﺜﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮﻭﺯ ) ﺳﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺐ ( ؟‬٣٧
‫ﺗﺤﻠﻞ ﻣﺎﺋﻲ‬
C12 H22 O11 + H2O C6 H12 O6 + C6 H12 O6
‫ﺗﺨﻤﺮ ﻛﺤﻮﻟﻲ‬
C6 H12 O6 ‫زﯾﻤﯿﺰ‬
2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2

‫ –ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﻠﻮﺭﻭﻃﻮﻟﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺮﺑﻴﺪ ﻛﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻡ ؟‬٣٨

CaC2 + 2 H2O C2H2 + Ca(OH)2

3 C2H2 Ni
2000 C
CH3
H6AlCl3
+ CH3Cl + HCl
CH3 CH3 Cl
‫ﺿﻮء ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬
+ 2 Cl2 + 2 HCl

Cl

‫ﻣﺴﺘﺮ ﻓﯿﻜﺘﻮر‬
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 ‫ﻋﺎﻃﻒ ﺧﻠﯿﻔﺔ‬// ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪى روﺿﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ دﻛﺘﻮر‬
‫ –ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﲪﺾ ﺑﻜﺮﻳﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻟﻮﻳﻦ ؟‬٣٩
‫ﺃﺟﺐ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻚ‬

‫ –ﻛﻴﻒ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﻠﻮﺭﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﻳﺜﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﲪﺾ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ؟‬٤٠

CuCrO4
CH3COOH + 2 H2 2000 C
C2HSOH + 2 H2O
‫ﻻﻣﺎﺋﻲ‬Zn Cl2
C2HSOH + HCl C2H5Cl + H2O

‫ﻣﺴﺘﺮ ﻓﯿﻜﺘﻮر‬
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