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    34 views167 pages

    ACS

    Uploaded by

    gera243

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 167
    Edited by Foxit PDF Editor Copyright (c) by Foxit Software Company, 2003 - 2009 For Evaluation Only. ‘You will find that the front cover of an ACS Exam will have a set of instructions very similar to this. ‘This initial set of instructions is meant for both the faculty member who administers the exam and the student taking the exam. You will be well advised to read the entire set of instructions while waiting for the exam to begin. This sample i from the organic chemistry exam released in 2002. ‘TO THE EXAMINER: This test is designed to be taken with a special answer sheet on which the student records his or her responses. All answers are to be marked on tis answer sheet, notin the test booklet. Each student should be provided with a test booklet, one answer sheet, and scratch paper; all of which must ‘be turned in atthe end of the examination period. The testis to be available to the students only during the ‘examination period, For complete instructions refer to the Directions for Administering Examinations. ‘Norms are based on: Score = Number of right answers 70 items — 120 minutes ‘TO THE STUDENT: DO NOT WRITE ANYTHING IN THIS BOOKLET! Do not tur this page until ‘your instructor gives the signal to begin. When you are told to begin work, open the booklet and read the directions on page 2. Note the restriction on the time for administering the exam. This restriction applies to allow your results to be compared to national norms, ensuring that all students have had the same tools and time to display their knowledge. Your instructor may choose not to follow the time restriction, particularly if they do not plan to submit your data as part ofthe national process for calculating norms. Be sure to notice that scoring is based only on the number of right answers. There is no penalty, therefore, for making a reasonable guess even if you are not completely sure of the correct answer. Often ‘you will be able to narrow the choice to two possibilities, improving your odds at success. You will need to i to your advantage to attempt every question. Do ‘not assume that the questions become harder as you progress through an ACS Exam. Questions are not grouped by difficulty, but by topic. Next, here’ is a sample ofthe directions you will find at the beginning of an ACS exam. DIRECTIONS + When you have selected your answer, blacken the corresponding space on the answer sheet with a soft, black #2 pencil. Make a heavy, full mark, but no stray marks. If you decide to change an answer, erase the unwanted mark very carefully. + Make no marks in the test booklet. Do all calculations on scratch paper provided by your isistructor. + There is only one correct answer to each question. Any questions for which more than one fesponsc has been blackened will not be counted. + Your score is based solely on the number of questions you answer correctly. It is to your advantage to answer every question. +The best strategy is to arrive at your own answer to a question before looking at the choices. Otherwise, you may be misled ible, but incorrect, res Pay close attention to the mechanical aspects of these directions. Marking your answers without erasures helps to create a very clean answer sheet that can be read without error. AS you look at your Scantron® sheet before the end of the exam period, be sure that you check that every question has been attempted, and that only one choice has been made per question. As was the case with the cover instructions, note that your attention is again directed to the fact that the score is based on the total number cof questions that you answer correctly. You also can expect a reasonable distribution of A. B, C, and D responses, something that is not necessarily true for the distribution of questions in The Official Guide. Edited by Foxit PDF Editor Copyright (c) by Foxit Software Company, 2003 - 2009 For Evaluation Only. Table of Contents Foreword... Acknowledgements .. sie acetone How to Use This Book. Sample Instructions... Table of Contents susmneees Nomenclature... Structure, Hybridization, Resonance, Aromaticity Acids and Bases. Stereoisomerism. Nucleophilic Substitutions and Eliminations Electrophilic Additions Nucleophilic Addition at Carbonyl Groups. Nucleophilic Substitution at Carbonyl Groups. Enols and Enolate Jon Reactions. Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution... Free Radical Substitutions and Addition: Oxidations and Reductions. Spectroscopy. Synthesis and Analysis. Edited by Foxit PDF Editor Copyright (c) by Foxit Software Company, 2003 - 2009 For Evaluation Only. Nomenclature Nomenclature is an important part of chemistry. Being able to determine the proper name for a structure or writing out the structure corresponding to the name of a compound is essential to communicate chemical information. Nomenclature is the vocabulary of chemistry. It is impossible to communicate effectively about chemistry without knowing the proper names of compounds. Fortunately, organic nomenclature is quite well ‘organized and systematic. ‘The most widespread system of nomenclature is that devised by the International Union on Pure and Applied Chemistry (TUPAC). It is more useful to know how to name or identify a few basic structural units than it is to memorize every nuance of IUPAC nomenclature. A solid knowledge of identifying and naming chains, aliphatic and aromatic rings, alcohols, alkenes, alkynes, carboxylic acids (and derivatives), aldehydes and ketones is essential. Practicing a wide variety of nomenclature problems is the best way to become proficient in organic nomenclature, ‘A long, detailed guide on how to name every kind of organic compound is not very useful, because there is simply too much to remember. What you need for most nomenclature questions is encapsulated in this brief list of necessary skills and helpful his (1) Itis essential to know the names and structures of the major funetional groups. Also, you must know how to incorporate each functional group into the name of a compound. Nomenclature questions often give nonexistent functional groups as incorrect choices. If you can recognize the bogus groups, you can climinate those choices from consideration. (2) Nomenclature questions often involve distinguishing among various types of isomers. It is important to know the basic definitions of isomers (constitutional isomers, stereoisomers, enantiomers, diastereomers, ‘nd so on). You should be able to determine the (R)/(S) configuration of stereo centers. Other important ‘naming conventions to know are when (and how) to use cis and trans or (Z) and (E) when describing alkenes; cis and trans to describe the relationship of substituents on cyclic compounds; and ortho, meta and ‘para when dealing with aromatic compounds. @) Most nomenclature problems should take no more than 2 minutes to complete. Problems with more than three functional groups, or with very unusual functional groups, are seldom included on exams. 9

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