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, 4....l.ic ~ , 6 ~:;. ~ ~ , .J;J.~ SL _)'11 <'>JI ~~ t:_¢..J\ 4JL)\

· 4J;il~'J TL '-&-::l) J_,iLJ\ ~I ~J \&l~y ~ ~~ ~ t~

: Consecutive Interpreting ~'1;'" 4_jll\ : ~t:i

~ $ ''It .

oJ\..;.!\ ~\ \ ~-' • LS ~ :t \ 4..e y? .1\ W uc Ai 1;:.. 4 ~ 4..c.J-A? 4

4...iJ ~l ~jLJ\ \ glg\) ~ , 4 ')' 4 ~b_) ~\jj\ ~ ~J"i\ 4.c JA? JI

~, Ply' 0 ~ \1\ ~ J-4~ J\ 1 gJ1c ~ ~ ~ , r...S _;..:i.. '1\ ~ Y?" JI · \~J .... ~.J'J\ ~y?J\ ~J ~jiJ\ ~ ~ , £.S_pJ

4 pI ~, & J'c. ". i' ;_:jj\ (.)? J ~I ,-.::.A.:l _,... " . 4 JI r.J-4.J .

4 ill! _).J 1; La lJ-A u a \ll ') J'? \\ ~\ ~ t '-4\ I\'~\ A 1< '~l4 , 4 J' .'i",l\

t \..::. ~ "X 0 __,..sl.l\\ bJ .~)jj ~ J_.a.,J\ ( . ',?J9 ~.l\ -' . \ ~ 1,,9) _) ~ I a JI · ~j t~'i\ ~ ~\ 4J~)1 ().4 ~ _)~ fi,i

: Simultaneous Interpreting ~J.jil1 4fo' : uru

SL j ') ! a J\ '" 'il.: A.:J~ .. ) ¥ Ull ~ ~) .... ", JI i~_, . _)J";"" 1\ W

· TL _)_". 4 .... 1, ijJ ~J LJ! _,II ~ ~ '{', ~~ ~ jiJ\ r» ~~i '" ).1: t$jJ\ ~_}LJ\ _)-'~ l.J-C ~ ~ ~~ .u_,

,- ~ - . - ,\. at i ·1 l1\ -s: £. • ~ . - ... \\ ~ .... H ~ l..a.A

~ ~ ~ t..r- U ~-' .. ...>:~ . ...F _)

4 4?_;J~ 0J-4~ ~.l\\ ~_}LJI ~ LA_)I_jJ '.'1'1)1 w\ -"b"IJ\

" . ~_)_,il\

\ .. ~ .... ~\ .. • .. 1 • ~ ;. \1 ... , - l\ . .. ~\ .

~ l.J.-4' '" ';" 4 W 9, 4) t...?_)~ ~ ~ ( g. <2 'J lJ (. '.?Y'

_>.:..Sfll ~ o.J~\J quick response ~_rl\ ~~ ~ o..J.ill\

fV

yl 'tOC 'J\ ~ --'~ LJ--A _)J .,S _)) 9; Co: tell s concentration 4__,.b o.L.J 4 ~_;J\ ~ .J\_)AI I!~'l\ ~ 0 _).u.ll_, relaxation w\j_;-iJ\ LJ-A o~ 4 ')+"''': rLJ'l\ ~J U~'l\..: consistence

· ~_)__,il\ 4_;J\ ~ ~I_? 0\ ~~_J • vocabulary ~_,.ill\ · self-confidence ~\..: 41J\ ~ ~ LJ.-4 J_aJ , (.j _)_,_il\ ~ _jl...J1 ~\ jJ 0 ~ wL..:y + <1 ~~ J

$ $

4 i+ ..,\1 . \.:j • ,~ -~. LA ~ " . .i, ~'ll \\ ~ ._l\ . ~ ::\1 . L • .-A. \

~ ~ ~ .. ~ 1$$ ... ~ <JA . ~ ~ ~

~ 4i.a" r~ J ~'l ~~'1\ ~, ~ ~, ~~ , wy...:::a_,.J\ LJc

• _)J ;<1\ ~)\ ~ J_,_iJ 4._yJU , ~j Jw..a J · W ~ _,.J\ ~ ~ Uo,.'\ ~191 tAP') ~ _)\.J::a:jj'l' tJh)HIJ ul ,-:?_)__,ill ~_;..J\J

jt t. $

· J--,~ '1J\ 4ft\..: r_,i; ~ , 4_;:JI ~ \~

,

~Ji.1l' J.1"; " ~~J; J ' .. 4 Levels of Language Analysis

~

4ftl ~ \~ ~, ~~ ~ ~_jLJ\ ~ ~\J ~ ~~

" ~ -

, 1 &", Aq..fo. f ~ ~~ _) ~ _jLJ\ \ iJ be I WI lJ'i \ ~ _j1iil J . ~y

~ lAi . lA.a_JS Ui j. " ~ ~ ~.>. I,., ~_jL.J\ 'u , .. , gq.\_,_,

o \ ~ t ;,..<1 f Q~ 'I· ,_ ~ -u I A_lJ:j\ ~ ;, ,j, ",\1 wI_, b.;.l,

.....,.... WI 1",..1 ~i! ~~ ~.~ .. ~ ... ~

: :, _)'-:t:J\ ~ J\:l.J\ ~ ~ J Y ~\ This table is out of place.

_) JJ4 J\ oj ';';4 ~ J.A y table 4-4\<\ ~.ll\ ~\ y:, LA

! cJl .... w~ _,ti.J1 :,~LA

4 'C L:' I :> )J U\ ~ _)L.J\ ~ '.' .... J ~~ ~.Ji dl\...1\

: ~ ~6,_J\ O~J ' ~flY : Lexical Meaning """ .1, u; ·.All -,

~ ~

o- _JAlil\ ~ A_,,1S:1\ t.J-c l:' " ."t..: \~ ul ~ _jLJI ~ (. ':»9

i! i!

~ ~ o~, ,~ , t.i1j\ ~Uj J\ ~\ ($jb.1 uts ~\~ , 'i~\

: LJ JJ;'.<I ~ LJ_,...5.J WI.j 0.) _;WI ~\ LJ\ .l:a.::..~ J ~ · lA lk..a '-s? :> '")).1, • ..0\ (.$ i • .<I_' linguistic meaning (.j__,__il (..$ ;,.<1

r',\

~ 41< 0L.J ,J\ iJ\ J).' 'I! Ui Ie,._,. technical

•

m~anlng

4. AIS.J' ~j ~.JL:J\ _,\ y_,i.l _)) · "g"ln '-k ,._j interpretation .l.! J . \~ _, .... ~j ~ J' y_,il ~ ~ commentator

t-

p\ ~ ~ jWc'J~ ~~\ ~_,l\ .J, . ..,,J\ _,A ~JAW\ u~ 'J

.. 1 .. .~ .. . . .. .... ~ '\ l..... _ <. :. . , .. _ ;.t-\ t-\

, 44'''4 ~WLA l>~ ~::",\ ~~ ~ U~ i ) J .... , ~ _,

l' t-

_,' 01<:1\ ~L..:;J\ ~_,b J UJ _jAlI 0 l . ...,9) 'i.lJ\ (..$ j. Jl ~~ ~_,

~l,"\ hll) ~ \jl_, · ~ 41S\1 ~ylil\ ~~ ~l U~'l~ , o_)'-+'J\

~

~ l:""."L: \~ , ~I o~ lJA jl_;.J\ ~~\ Ui~.J\ ~~ ~_>W\

: ~\.:jjl ~ JI

: Textual Meaning ~, (,,;I;' J\ -"

t-

LillI ~Lfll\ \ -~'1..J ~~ '1\ .... A t\ \.... . \ . \ ~

.. ~~. ~~ ~U ~ _,

_,\ ~~\ _,1 J.)., \,,\1 ~\ _,.ilts , A 91,i JI w "J ~\ ~ 4 +.a' ai .. \~\

t.

\jJ 4.Jc l 01,.;..) ~ l.Aj~ ~\ ~ 0\ ~j · t:J\ .... ~j' .a",9'1\

~ J · .a i). A ~ 4=ib)' 4"'9)1\1 Ijj ~l , ~ J~ ~ ," '" h ;"J

$

o~ ~ J . " w~ 11 J\ U ~ II ~ pure 4...JS 0\..9 , Jt:l.J1 ~

: ~ lAS - L.S ~l wlJS. 4=ib I jj l.A 1..a.A l gI,> J ~ ~\

pure language " t 49 W

i...S

£ •

pure man

J;. _) - ~yb.l' ~ ~ _) o~~\~

pure mathematics

•

pure SCIences

pure water pure gold pure Egyptian pure angels

~

~ uc ~\ '-?~

_)4JJ J\ _JI Yo' 4.Sj~

uLk.A uSlJ · " UA,;''''J'' Ji II I.j~ n ~ contain ~ ~.t;.J

:." • '.. ,., ·toO'

: ~ - A ;J9 4 ~~ ~ W~_)J l~~ ( 911"J

to contain a crisis to contain an enemy

to contain feelings

to 'contain envolvement

to contain acts

J:

~j\ t..j~

Jole f..S ~liJ.:

.h_) _ .. ,,\ L I j> .. "

~ ... ~

,_j 1 .. 1 • • t .. • n 1 <::: 11 J:\" • ~. II ... harsh ~ tC" ~\ Q

~ I.A~ l 9j""»_J. 1..Yl~ .J ~ ~ ~ .. ..J

harsh language. harsh words harsh clothes harsh man

utA , 4JUIS,J\ ~_.>1J~J · \~J

: ~ lAS ~\ ~ _)_,5iJ\ Jy...J\ (. '\\1'

far-reaching broad-minded wide-spread knowledgeable patient - forbearance merciful

~t..l:"jjl ~\ .s ~~I ~\J _)L:;;jj'j \ ~'.J 4.!p\ ~'J .)~\ ~\_,

~)\ ~I.J

to lower pause / muffle

to devalue currency

to moderate

-: t '\.. .. .' •

~ 4...4J! U a9'" ,

.. ..

.. .<\ ~!\ . '.

O •. ~.:31.."iJ ~ U....,9 ..... J

interest rate

to curtail government spending

to curb inflation

: Contextual Meaning ~~, IJ;' oJ\ -,.

.,

4,.j\ ~j, ~\ ~~ l>A ~\ ~ I.j~\ ~I .JA J

liA lJ-SJ J' J~ ~ 4J wLJs: ~llA 0fo ~ u~'i\ ~ ~ ~ ~J. ~ ~~ J:;..\J wlJSJ\ o~ J_'::"_,l ~ ~ ~J\

: ul.! J~\

f'JllU U1hal\ ,'\C ,Ql.J...J\ \1\ . _j tAl ;'4 L ;li';', II L 9,.;..,"!,,"'3 II ~ f·J ~

.. ~\..J.. ~ ..... u .

., .,

w~'J_,l1 '..;; bal.) u-lc r'i", HI U~\ 0\ Uk. \.5' ,u LujJ' LAW

: ~j ~ fo ~W\ 4~? " uU ~::u J . (,~" .. , J\ The football world cup will be held at USA in coming June.

t.

~\ J )J ...... , J~ LJA ~J\ ~ .4).;"91\ 01\ (>, ..... ' ~J

~t6 ~ ~~'i\ ~J Nahmad ~y ,-:?iJl , ~l:J1 <r.yJ\ · From Arabic Press

4.;~ ~'.)j

~, ~ ~\Jj1' ~J; I ~ 4,4, U\ ~ 4.Jt: ~\Jj11 ~jJ jSjJ

~ 6L1A~' J~ ~ J.,a,; 6i \' " ~J: ot 4.Ji_J • 4);)':' '.a'4;

: 4_;J1

Modern Farming

The Minister of Agriculture stated that he would keep before him the raising of the standard of agriculture in the country, and that he would spare no effort to place, as far as was possible, the most recent innovations achieved by modern science within reach of the farmers, through the employment of mechanical aids, with one aim in view and that was the facilitating and building up of an up-to-date well-organized agriculture.

f £

$-

~ ~_,:LJ\ 0\ ~ , ~yJ' ~ A.A .... \.!:.~ ~Y_'

r...S.l....:::,.'j .:1 'A~'; ~ UJ\_)-A L.J..A ..P-S\ ~l hCy rU 0l.p..~' un ~ ~ ''1J ~, ghQ\ JJ~ 4_j\j ~~ • ~~I ~~ ~J~_,.J\ ulJSJ\

$-

..blilll ~:;l;"'I'l1 ~J · ~jJ\ ~yY A'J9A ul~ .dJL..:o\ J\

. : utJ\

..

U < 4) ~ lJ-4 ..P-S\ ( t.# j) t,. ;\ - ~ _)C ) ~ JAlill "" l.,~ : 'j J' farming ~ , ( t..Jj 0-A ) 4_c\_)j A A1S.' ~, 9A ~\ ,; .. , ..,\

.U').ill A .. ,~ y ~ l.>fv'Sl\ tJS. ~ _;..JI f' ,; \ I '1\ J . agri cuI ture J ~ ~t:ll\ r'!,.'\\'\ ~ ~J~\ r'';'''l'lll u\_,1J\ ~ , ~I ~ ~ , ( ~'_)jA ) Ag"~IJI ~\ 4.; J\) \ A;Y' L;SlJ · ~, J~

· farmers ~ r'';'''hlll '>'» , ~J~\ ~\ l>A 4-ilg",.tll ~ .li.9

~~~4 _;.Sj~4~ ~,~~\ ~\ ~: YJw r:-- _;....J\ J · 09) u.-5J J · said .;\ mentioned ~ , ~~'ll "" h.~J · stated ~lS ~ J ' AJ'l.ll\ ~ r...S _,§\ r...S _.p.\ ~ rl ,!,. .. ,. 11\

$- J..

~.l:J\ 01 _), pcy '-:ij) I,. ;')1 ~\ ~ r...S_,_!\ U') J ~\ iJ\ '.loA

• _)dj_,1l

'4-", ( .lL us ) II ..uL 11 4...JS ... , ._l\. - !\\ s : t.:ll1W

t.. . . ~ . ~ r..F-.r- ~ ~ _

~ l..a\ · ~) => .. , JI ~ ~ o~ _?- _,..JI LS _;ill _J ~ __»; , ..,11 _J 0 p,' u.J..J1

~t Q~ ~_J-iJ\ ~ ;),<1.' country ~ ~~\ f'>;lu\ , 4_;.:J1 _,_A ~~ ~\.J_J ~pl w~_J • lA .l::J ~ 0.1\ ~ ~ ~J ' '-iJ

· ~\ ~y ~ ~~\ 0A t~ ~)9=>'" ) results LJ-A L#\ ~t:ull ~ ~ , ~yJ\ ~\ ~: ~I.J , ~y ~ LAW 491;>4 ~ r';"'"'\ ~p\ lJS.lJ . outcomes w; ;. JI ~ ~l..LJ ~ ~i ~ ~I , innovations US ~J

.,

~_ji-JI ul ~\_,l\ lJ-AJ · 4,_,.,J1 .0\<11 4 Wj_)_J ~jj\ ~~\

r' ).;.. .. , Hl\ J)l;. lJA ~~ J ' t.F _,.,JI ~~ ~ \.i:j _) 'j \ J Jb.: 01\ .(i\ J~ . - ~~I ,_j . \ .~,;.\ . LLiA ~\ ". wLJSl\ ~- .J WI ~ b

~ Y/.... ~ '-H _) .. ~ (.)A -' ~ (..).d .. J

· r---p\ ~ ~~ ~ 4J ~ in view US 0\ ~ , 4 jjll ~ : ~b

~ _ji-JI u a ;j\ w;-ll 0 _)4:J1 0 ~ ( g J' a 1 ~ pI lJS.l J · t.F yJl ~\

"\ ... ...' t\.. \ . '\ " '\ . J\ ...

u a I ~ 4...A)"" , "1..4J 0 _)~ <.J-A J J . 49 4.J Wi ,. JL C)·;., jJ \......Q~

t+ pI 0\ ~ \.1\ ~\ __,l\ c)A u\ ~ J · ( ~\ s ~ _>il ) ~ _,.,JI · ~_,.,J\ ~y ~lij_)'i\ J-,~

•

~

~ ~ U J' 4\(11 UfJLA Ui ;"t.A ~ ~ ~ _}l..J\ 01 ~\ _,l\ l.JA J

· redundancy yUb'11 ~ u~ ~jJ oh\_' W' ~j ~ j\_rJ\ Ui ' .. JI ~\ ~_;J\ tb'H'; rl \jjJ

: Suggestive Meaning ~'i\ (.$;,41\ - t : ~ ~ . u-,?,\ ~ wlJS.l1 ~ ~jJ (.jill ~\ .JAJ

On seeing the ghost, they stood motionless.

o.L.c ~~I ~\ (".;. .. , .. ,,_, . ~_y:J\ ('~ motionless 4..JS. ~_jj

~

~ \-,~ JI ~\ ~-,_j_) u-k Wi!_, ~ , ~_,.J\ \~ w\~

~ ~ ~ ~

w\.JJ .I~\ oiA ~\ ~LiJj\ 0\j ~4_' · ~~JI w.lA?' _,\ ~l.al

: ~j ~L..J' ~?ll ~.fo I~J . ~j'1\ ~, u-k W!~ ~ ~_j.) ~Jl ~,~ ~ ,~~

: ~ ~ w\j ~j5.

~~~iUil\

~

~J 4 _,_:J\ ~ u5J -' · J~\ ~ _;#:. _)~ u-k oL.:al\ UY ~ _iJ

~\ 01 t.ill~ , JA ~ (A~\ \~ Ji; tJl.,"'1!W ':J , ~~'l\ ij_U\

£v

, ~..#'.I\ ~\ ~ J~I J/LiA o- ,:.".,1\ '.'?J ~~ J . y~\ : ~l ~?\\ 4_; ~ ~~-' · Snow White : ~ L.4_, The girl is as fair as Snow White.

: llli ._,l ~~ J This girl is as white as snow

~

~\ r -'6 i.J , ~ts ~ \. aJ.' ~\.:Jil\ 01\ : J_,il~ ~ _fo ul c:)b",qJ ')

. .J..u. ~ . .:. l\ ~\ . __ \~tl . . ~ ._l\ ~\ .

LJ-4 ~ J ... ~ ... ~ e:._- r~ JP ... ~ ... ~

~'1\ ~ ~ilJ · L~ ~-' r:ill 4J.I.~wll I~ J ~L.J\ 4.L.,..1\

: J_,il\

~ ~ (.)at.;; ':O'l' , rLA~\ ~J o_,.h;;. ~ JJ1,",lll~J

J\ JJ~ o= (:.\>!\~ _)-A'll c!lJ ~ ~ A ~_;J\ AJ'4£: J ~J · ~ ~ ~liA ~~\ ~J ~\j\ ~ ~lSA

Translation Techniques

~

o= (>, 'y\\ ~ LU\j ~ ~_jjl\ ~ ~'<i~)J' 0' e·;"iJ

j~\ ~ ~J Translation Equivalent 4_}J1 ~ JJLt...J1 ~ (.'& '11; J ~J · Formal Correspondent jiszn ~tiJ\ ~ ~ ~) ~ ~t ~~y\ ~jJ 'iJl ~ (.'?J' ~.l:J\ ,~

: w\J_;iJ\ 4_;

: Translaiteration

: 4.J ' . .i, :'11 l\ ~ ._ '\.tiJ.l\ . ~~ l.... ~ \1 \

.. ~ r..S;; ... ~ lJA ~ .J

intifada jihad

technology democracy

J4-::J\

: 4...J.J ._ \\ l\ 4..J ',. i; ;'j I .

... ~ I.,F" .. ~ lJAJ

'* _,l _,.lSJ

~\ " ~

.. ~

( 4yJ\ ~j ~.#y\ lJ-4 ) o~Y\ 4 J'4..J\ oti ~ ~ 11.,1-, · Arabicization ~p\ elk. °4

: Traslation Equivalent 4Jil' JJla... - Y : ~ , -o_iJS ~~ ~ ~'i\J

candid camera 4.Ji:J1 \ tsJ\

~ ~

contact lences

: ~ , 41.'· '~ll\ J~'J\ La) t_,.ll\ \1\ ("t"j ~.J~_J

haste makes waste t.ab.ll\ ¥I ~_J~' ~bl' ~

still water runs deep LJ.ij L" ", 0A "YA

: Formal Correspondent ~, ':"J' U-" ~ti.A1\ -~ : ~~~.J

to float currency the first lady

to launder ~, ,.;.,1) J\_j--A~\ JJ "Ie

money (j~\ w)l;~ ~ ~_;::J\

cold war o~_)~ y~

o.

the premier

U" J\)) JJ~\ .Hj)\ ( ¥I.)j)\

¥\~~\ J~\

black market

ulJ , J~' ~ ~ J · J< .t,ll ( :. '1' lJA J,:\.iJ\ ~.Y?- _, 4 _PI : ;;.)~I

The door of the class

: \\ ..... t . .c ...

~~ ~_}lJ u ~

~

0-A 14,", 'i.J ' 4 _;J\ ~ J~Gt...J\ y _,L~ 4 _;J\ oti WAj ~ J

U sA;: , ~~ (.)-4 ~)\ ~J · JS I~ll\ '=-'Y' (j-4 ~t.:LJ1 ~~_, : J~ jl ,4.k)11 ~ ~ ~\ (>'1" (.).4 ~\.WI ~ J_',a,l\ 'y,in ~ l.:U '-JW\

v (..... .....

. \ '~ ., III ',CA' • ~lc .... ~ .~11 0'''-. ,t..\L

LJ (~~ U ~_J .. .J+l'U ,~ -r c---- .J

~l l..i: l5 ~ _H ~ \ 1\ J · ~l 4 fl\ J~Lu. l;A I ;." .. , s _;.P. ~f\ 4;0" \,

J~~ ~~, ~~ tY~t.;~ ~ 4jJ\ ~)l4C- u\ :li)i> ~ ~tJ\ · 4jJ\ : 44'1> 1, ~.fo ~~.J She got seriously ill last night.

- ~

:A ,u..Jj\ '\ wI ~ . .:~ '\ J~' . ~ \ ~~w . t: .. , ~ ~ . \ . ,( A •

\ .. ~~ ~ • (.)A U .. . ~ U ~J

J_,_il\ ~ , ~ LJ li!_,! . J.SS \ 4"!4~y ~ ~\ AJ~)\ ~

Lo..\J' ~~)\ ~y ~ ~ J ~ ~L}'1\ ~ 0J1S.~) ~y:..~

· lj ~\ j!ts:J\.J ~\ _;glS::J\ J< \~Il\ ~. \g I'lS; ~~)' ~ o~~\ ~, jits:J\ jS~J

l}.l,\ h,l\ LJ-4 w':l~ ~\_jl.J\ o~ ~ ~_jiJ\ ~J · ~ tSJ"" J\_J l4;J'J • ~~y r~'.J 4.l.o\,lY 4.1>.,.11_J ~y ~\ ~t.bA ~ ~~y. La~\ lj~ ~\j, y;lS .~J\ ol.;:.JY\ liA U-..a ~...r-J\ ~ 4 il'·,.;. JI ~lla.1\ ~ 4-::l1 J _,ilJ\ ij]\ ~l ~ _,ilJ\ ~~)' :u jl y. 0\ ~ ~ \ ~.J · A;< AA 4 _)~ J~4.J _)~. <2 Jl 4.iJl\ ~ oj_? _,..J\ u~ ~\_jjA JS ~tl) ~j J_,iW\ till\ ~w ~ ~~)\ ~_)liA ~

· r ~ )\.J 4, I ...,1\.J ~.ll\ ~tiA ~~ ,) j \ ..0 J\ ij]\ o~

~ JJ~ ~\ ~ 4_;:J\ o- t_,.llll~ w';/h ~'J

4 ~ A J' I ,0 '1\ ~~)\ LS J .. ,,,> 4J JS '~I ~ -' C \ _yo.. .. , I III ~ __}1-J\

~ Jil ,4ft! LJ.4 t_,1l\ \~ ~ J~.J · u~'1' _)~ ~_,lL4-, , 4.~\ ~! ~j Ubi 11)\ UJ_r-ij\ ~J ,j ~ ~ ~Li '-i jJ '? ;\ r€l?b 0J · u_,.3lill ~\_)~ 0J-A~ ~~\ y~ ~\ \1\ ~l.bc\_,

U <" ;l\ '-f _,_ill' (. 'J .; _}J\ j-A \ J: HI; (.) ).,( <.J-.c y\ fl';/\ ~ ) .. , \~ 1..1\ J 4:,'1 ~, ;)<) J< '\111 LJ--4 y\Ji-.--9'.l\ '-:?' , _) <.,JI '-fjJ '? ;'1\ ) LS -' .. , .... J\ 0-A yl _jj-i';/ \ ~j A_j~ 'i~ , ( :Y_,_.;Jl\ w1 .... 1 b. <" J\ .s

~~, JG..,j1 4fll o~ (."bi) ~J · ( f'~\J t~_,.J\ ofo

.. \~ , - - ~ La ~ . - ttl • .c . . i . Lt· ~ _.:.It\ >\.- '\ .

... ~ ~ ~ U_,....; U ~ i..JA .. ~ ~ _F-l lJA

~\ 4_;J! );1 ./' , 4ftl ~ t_,_lJ\ ,~ ~ ~4:!l~J

~lS.l\ ~-,"1 HIJ\ ~J J~)I ~j '-f_,lL4 _;9\.SJ ~j Jy.,o _,l\ J_,W ; I. .... lLJ , .. ,\ J .~~ -'1 .ljJl\ ~ 1j..b.J J ~ , ... _".1\ II 4..J,,,"1., II • cr- . ~~ ~ [5_)._).J J ~ .. ... t).A

~ "i ~~ ~J .. ~\1j 4 '1: LJ-A.Q o,jy:._,.JI w)w1 :YS_,LJI

_)~ ,,oJ\ till\ ; ;J.' ~ o,j~_,.J\ ~tZJ, ~6)u ~ YY?-J ~

.. ~~)\ yc ~ Ui J::J lJ.4 ( t..jJ j. J\ jiLS::JI_, '..;;,< Itll j!\...S:J\ ) ~\ C)u ~J

,.L.....(l.:l.Lc. ) ..." a_j ,', ,,1.,il, ,'LJ~ ,'t_Ll ~ c .. ~ .... ,\ 4 '\4C. .L:i

.._.,------ • _J;; ~ ... ~ ~ _. J .. ? .. ~

~ Up\ ~liJ\ ~ u4.).ll1 01\ ~_J • \.AgH.;"{, w~_).lll · ~}'J\ 4 _;J\ ~ ~bl, ~ j_}~ J_p:j W.l;:).. , ~W\ r\_,c~' J~.J

~ ~~'i\ lti ~\~.J · 4?" '~lll ~\ 0C ~~'1\.J r..j~\ ~I

.. ."';ll" 'l,tt l' :- .. '\

· ~_)-J.I.J ~I...UJI 0~ l>f4'& Al ~;:.

. " ,~.t\ J _:! At\ 4..iJl1 l\ ~'4J\ ~I . ...

'-t7'J' ~ I...s-J' _) UA ~ _r

"Functional Shift is a translation procedure involving a change in the grammar from Sl to TL".

~ 4jlli 4J~ ~\ ~ tL4;J '1l_.o;J' y_,.L\t1 \~ ~J ~ ~\ \ ,?j;! - SL _)~ ,<oJI 4....;Jj\ ~ '&",9)1;.J ~ ~i - ~ ~\ u\ A\S', ~ ~ '-:-l~\1\ 1414..t~, wLJSJ\_, · 'g"li)}.;_, L.J-c o_)~ ~ _J « content words u ;._J\ wl.Clc J-.»", _,\ adjectives u\ ,hAll _,\ verbs Jl_~ •. l''l\ _,1 nouns ~~~'\

.loC\ _,ill lJ-A (<<) )< _; ~ fo \ A ;J' ~l ~ lAS. • adverbs W J_)Ql\

· ~l J_,iW\ ~I ~ ~ 4j ~ _)~'4.J\ ~\ ~

: ~\_?-'1\ \~ ~ & ~I ~~~\ ~t ~ '4 ~_,u_,

: ~tJ\ ~, ~\ w_;1:J\ ~~ ¥l&\ : 'J~1 He admires her greatly,

Ie ~

· l:4-.c \ ~\ 4-: (. '7' '-l : ~I J:.il r-' ).;., "'\ -

(jj : ( ¥Jll\ ~ 4.....l_,fo ~ -,t AJJfo) ~I ~ r-\)';';\Il\-

~

· ~~ ~ ~4-.c1 0\ -,I , ~.lJJ ~ ~4-.c\

· ~ .:y4-.c\ ~ : ~'JI ~ ~ LA 4~)\.a - : ~?l\ ~ ~~.J The situation has deteriorated very sharply.

: ~ r. .1\ • .c- . t·.( A'

..Y'" UY-- U ~

· o~ ~~\ _)J'A.il - · I.~b \_)~~ Ui_,..J\ . .JJA.il -

~

• _)y\jj LY' ~_,.J\ _)y\.il -

· ~.lJ!J L.ii _,.J\ _).JA ~ U \ - . Wi _,.J\ _)~ Sj LA .l.::J - : ~ , ~\ ~\ ASI <>1' J:~ : ~1.!i

00

The decision was made for the good management of the company.

· 4Sy!J\ o.)~, ~ ~ W _)\_j1\ ~I The conference recommended the early implementation and speedy operation of the project.

JJ,..:J\ .J t.J~\ ~ ~ ( t\~'i\ .) ) .#~ _>AJ_;.J\ ~J\

, . :- ..

. 4 "."" .. .

: ~

· ~\ Y. lJA l);)'1 r, (.S _P.-:l '4 r~ (j..a ~ lA _>AJ _;..JI ~ ~\ The conference reviewed the achieved progress (progress achieved) in the projects being implemented.

: ~ , ~\ ~\ ~I J::~ : l£:\_; The President recommended that a committee should be formed for handling that matter .

. ya'il ~~ '>")' ~ J)S.~i; ( o_)J~ J\ ) y..p.-~ ~)\ ~Ji

;.

: ~ , J,tj ~J ~'l\ J\ 49.01, ~~ : L....aLi.

I should like to make a slight reference that the University has lavishly given out insignificant prizes to all graduates.

u Y?Jy;J\ ~ y\~\ Cjj.fJ ~ ~_)\ ~ ~l::J\ 0\ o~i u\ ~ji

. 4J\.S Brutal as he is, sometimes he betrays signs of unequaalled delicacy.

uy.::..\t\ u4 .,~ ~ L#~.oJ "1J ' 4J.~I:>-' L;A ~ ~ lAA ~)\ ~

.. t~ :ll; ,... .. ; . \

• ~ 4"., bQ '4 .cl9.J o= ~ I..A

;.

: ~ , _r.J1 w _? y _,.LI ~ : l..uJl..u

the achievements afthe past decades .

. ~W\ j~' ~ (;'99';' ~\ w\j\.:::.J'J\

the lady in black.

Mubarak afEgypt

oV

w'i~ jJH ~_,l\_)J ;;,:ll\ ul ~jj (. '7') , :Y4J1\ ~-'

~ stress ~~ .~ii}1 ~ LAJ .lc\_,il\ U:H '4 dllp_)'i\ lJA o..).:a.:lA

: ~~I ~7'\\ ~ , ~j ~ y~ yy..AllJ · ~\ ~

lAW y1~\ iJ~ ~ 4.J~ Jl:.

His statement is a J_,ilL...: ~~'i\ ~j 1 € 47' _;u J.A There is absolutely no truth in -" completely false 4..Jj J_,_iJ1 4' .0'9), UW\ QiA ~ ~\J ~ his statement ~ 0 _)J L a,' word order w\ A'S}! ~ Y _)) J'j ~ l...o 1ft ~_;..J ut U..) _pYI u~ ulp.e.;\ u;.., ?..: ~ ~~.J • :....;_)J~ ..)~ 'i \ J wG1S \\ W Y ~ .1:,\ " .. , .... '} , J t..? _,ill' W..)\ _yJI r' \.:,.,. 'l~ (_)<' ;\, ~ ..)~_,.J\ ~~ ,~"'\ ~ ~~YI ~ ~_,J\ _)J ;;.:111 LJ-C

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4m ~ (,)oII~ us:- ~J~

Linguistic Deviation

.l.C\_,il\ ~ u'~':l'" ~l ~ uw\.:il\ we ~.J_;=J4 )+ ,.,iJ

• " La W ~ ~\ 4J_,1W\ "A linguistic deviation is the deviation from the expected norms of the language".

: 0J1(ltl ~l ~\ ~ ~Yill uc ~..,_;=J\ 1;..l;_,

c.J~ liSA.., , '-S j·4 A.J 0~ ~~4_' , ,~_, . egA 0~ 0\ : J..,~\

· ~_}ill ~lJ

&

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-' r,.;r- .. ~ .. ~-' u ~ r-~ .. ~

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u--:: r-.. .. . ..r- r-- . '-'~ '-' ~ .J

e J" . 0) \ '-lle '. '1' l WA _, • ~LA\ '» h'lY ~ y.p 4J\ _,' , ~ ls-l ~\

;: ~

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~j\. 0,9'1\ ~\ i.,Sh) Wlb _,l! , 4JI'&.1\ ~\.jj\ ()A-'

: J .. '".4 L _-:< ~ lJ\' .l=a..ll ~~.~ ~ .

How to steal a bank?

c.J--A u1 ~j • 0\~\ liAa rLAt uy. UJji.i ul &..ljS \ iJie 0~

~ ~ , Jl:-uJl liA ~ r';' +Iii '1 to steal ui Wl u.J_yuJ\ ,_j\ ;1\\ ~~ 11 ~ L1\ U:ilb ~_, , ~~ s ~y. ~\ ~.)--UJ

,.

U\JJ · u~ w\ ~ '1 La ~4 \1\JJ • " ~\ •••• ~_jAJJ 4,j\_)~ . " to rob " ~ l5'+-J\ \1\ ~ J.a_., .. u ~\ 4.JSl\ : ~~\ ('lA\ ~l \ j ... ij\ ~ ~~JJ

'* 1 .,.JS ~~J • JL~.' '11'1\ \iA ~, t,,;.l ~ ~t5J\ U~ U' : J_,'J\ : 0\_,l..l\ 0~ , C;J> ·..,,\4 r4111 t.l;k How to rob a bank?

t \11c'.' '? j9 ~~JJ ' J_,..il\ \.loA .l...o,u .l.i ~lS..l\ u~ u\ : ~L.:ll\

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..

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I! • ..

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Translation: An Art or a Science?!

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t- ~ t- t-

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~.l..C c_;-.b ~ (.)A 4_)jl' AlS'~'4 ~_)~ Cleary JJb ~J

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~_,JJ~' ~ Cleary u\ \u ~ c';""'JJ · ~jc- 4)1u,S ~J ~

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A ),jj\ 4 )~\ ( 9 • .o_jj u\ ~-' . 4J scientific study A J.ili..l\

. ~

comparative ~ .) i~\ w~p\ t_,_;--9 .l=.\ < \ 6J'J _) 1.;;\\

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~

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· 4 _;J~ fi-AY! '" lilt ~ ~ _JA J A", . ;.,\ J.J ~Lb,j wI", '..»' 'i

~ ~L..lJ "11, .,:. ~'\ ~ 11.... o~ McGuire . L,u

~~ t..i r..r- ~ -ro-J. ~.J .J

11 '-:P\ 0\ .J.' ",._:j J ,~ 4::-.Jill normative theory 11 ~Yi " ~_;l;J

.... n \ • \ • ,t.. :'''1· .. . ... n _ t-.. f :. .. >"\ •

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) 110",\ ~.Jb..A 11 ~ 4.Jill ~ .)~J o- Nida ~~ 0\ McGuire ~1_,iJ1 l.;-A :Lc_y .... 4 ~J J_,L:.,:j ~_;l;J ~ \A~~_, 4ft' ~1\4C

~ ~

r4il\ ~ ~\ w\l'4.,J1 ul ~YJ . II ~""1"" .al\ 4_;J\ ~ ~ ~tJ.\

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- l.< ~ ::\\ .. 4...J . t~! .) _t·· L.,,_J\ ub JJ ~

e-- .? '..Sf .. ~ ~y ~_) .. ~ _,

Newmark i..:J 'uJ · ~J Newmark f'\ 4'4;\ ~ fi 4.)~

~

• 4 )'".il\ ~\.ll\ lJ--4 ~~ L>&;SlJ ~_)~ ~ts_J l}_J~ ~JA

---: ~\,li ui eM LA "_?"_J II f'~ u.U! Newmark .Jfi ' ~\J ~ ~1I11 ') ~\_,il\ ~\j LA , Law of Translation ' 4ft' 0~\j , o~\.J 4.l.a~ ~_;l;J 4.Jill ~ _; J eM ~ &lilJ . w\~, j>"', • .,\ .) ~ ~ ~ _).lA W\y L.c..)\ LJ-A ~)~ " ~ C 1·:0 _; ~j un 1..;. J.J • II 4 "), yo" I cO

to

~ ~l:t:jj ~fo J_nr..J \~.JG:. L,y.ll\ ,s, ;'_,' ~_, . 4_;Jl ~

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to

rYiJI ~ It:\ A ; 4 I ;, .. , JI w\ Jl u..l\ ~ ~j ~ jill '-+i.l.\ u~ 4 _;Jl

"

Nida 4_. 'OJ '-:$ ill wY)JYI rU:J ~ jtA£';J\ ufo. ~J . ~ft\~ wY)J'J\ fUJ c J\~jJ ~-' · 4ft 4;)'4 w'Jb ~ 4_;li.ll ,~ : ~ LaS · ~\j.;W\ JW'J\ ~ :y)_,'J\ 4J ~y._J\ JluW')I-'

· ~, J.!lW\ ~ ~)J'J' 4J ~~I J.:liJ\-~ U~J 41 ~l::.. ~ u~ ~ J_J 6A.?r- ~)';'''l p1l ~\ w4_;JI-i

· ~;J.a)\ ~j~1 w4_;JI ~ :Y)J'JI 4J ~.l14J~ 4..,j\~ ~ ~ ') o)lc\ ~-,p\ WY)J'J\ ~l.1:J ~ ,,) ~

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· t.s_j..i ~JLJ _,\ ~_,i.l ~Uc '-:$t ~ lSfo. ~_,l_,t 41'8"\_,

"

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tAl~' ~,~

Rules of Translation

~ ~ ~

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· .b,j\..:J\ ~_JC L\_,i\\ o~ y~ Wl! ~

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t! (.. .\ .. \ f) , .:... ,

• 4.JUu 4..a.A~ lj' ~ ", 1'1 U.J~

"It is impossible to obtain unexceptionably and exhaustively determined translational rules".

II .lJ~

• .. (..)04 _r...:l

"The translator may add to or delete from the translated text with sound discretion".

: uti, Jtj_J\ ~ ~J • ~~ ~~\ Jfo ~t Jf+.J j_)4 _)JJ.: r't!

. '\ ~~ · t.r~ ~ _)J.l

He played a prominent role and exerted a highly appreciated effort.

I d 1 ~ t\ . .. ~.. ~ n 1 '! If J ~ '\ U \. r

p aye : UJ 'LiJ1..:l 4 'Q~y ( I A' r~ ...s..I U ) '''J

: ~?'\ ~J . exertedJ 6\..t~.J ~41J ~t ~ ~,~ (iAJistJ ~un ~j\ .fo. .J:i 6LS . '\ ~~ • rS~ r;- _)J.l

Among other people, Abu Bakr was the most ascetic and the most modest; the noblest in manners, the plainest in apparel, and the most

frugal in food.

~ ~ 4.....4\.:...1:.-, ~4lJ ~ : wLJSJ\ L~ _)A~\ (,11k, (:"Y'

: fu.,.l, ~ J · Jju,i,l\

LA; ~u.. Hfi 6-" ~ UJ.b.:U LA; l:~ ~ 6A ~~ LA 61

-

v.

The good attribute, highly appreciated qualities and noble merits you do possess presage a bright future.

s:

~ ~ ~~ LA).:y 0~ LA_, rS~ LA : ~ u\ \.1 .. l.,""1)\ .lii

· do ~\ f'\ \, .. , ''1~ U ;. J\ ~G ~ you possess ~ o~'J : ~\ ~~~

heavy rain and clouds

. clouds , rain ~ JS heavy ~ ( 9.a' u1 ~ (~'J:>

" '.J.\ 4 . \ .. \ ~'.\ - . ~ t:.:: .. l' .... n A ';. .c ~ 1\ .. 1 ~'.\ '\ .. ·t ~

• ~- '" 1...0 J "_U •. ~_;u;;. ~ ~ __;.;-w -...J ~ W\.::UULJ 1.......Ut...:::.

"Literal Translation is sometimes a valid and legitimate method WHEN syntactic relations are also EXPLICIT thematic relations".

: ~,?J\ ~ It is threefold disgrace for a man to be in misery for want of food.

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;c

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..

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· ~~\ ~I ~ 'i ~ \~ _,J ufo. ~~ uJ (:. ') .... : 4L,.1\ UlJ ~~

My friend was stung by a bee yesterday.

: ~J 4!~ r:--fo

J.

. ~ 4.h..u\~ ~~ ~ ~\

: J_,ij u\ ~'J\ 0A LfolJ · J~ _;F y_,lJ W JAJ

JI01.1L~ .. t

. ~~'-: ~ ~~ UtI laU

: fu,." ~J

Tom is in a dire need of that medicine whenever he gets nervous.

: J _:tlJ Wi ....

yu. .. __p.. ~ _}lJ

· 4jhil\ ~\j I~J ~\J~\ ~j ~J o~~ 4b ~ ufo. ~_;

: J_,il\ ~ LfolJ · ~~ _;F 4.; ~J . 4..llAil\ .l\j \j! "tJ.ll\ &;!lJj ~! ~§l: 4w\ J.l':;li

jO

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J

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This is Ali.

He was here.

U\ (JLS

~J ' meaning-bound ~ J\ ~_y:. ~ ~j ~1t I'll W \~.J

~ 4.;-:J\ ~ ~ ~Gu.i O~.J ~i : 4~\ O.b..J" -f

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v,

· " ~jll\ "Translation Unit: The pedgogically easiest to handle translation is the sentence, because it reveals a self-contained network of the often complicated inter-play of lexis and syntax. The sentence is a syntactically structured, communicatively controlled, context-sensitive combination of linguistic signs that are formally marked off from other sentences of the same text by means of punctuation marks".

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yo

J'

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The following measures have profoundly shaken French institutions in a way that has not been known in local government for a century: what has remained of government supervision has been abolished; control of procedural legality has been

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reorganized and regional audit offices established; executive power has been transferred to the chairmen of deliberative assemblies; regions with full powers have been created; powers of economic intervention have been extended to regional and local authorities; powers previously exercised by the State have been transferred in complete stages to the various types of authorities; corresponding State resources have been transferred to these authorities; specific local characteristics have been introduced into legislation; a territorial civil service has been created and previous devaluation regulations have been adapted to the new relations between the State and the local authorities.

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The headmaster 's lower jaw dropped in astonishment and Tureifi escaped punishment.

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and that Haneen was a holy man who would not frequent the company of someone unless he had perceived in him a glimmering of spiritual light

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