LIVER N ITS FUNCTION

The liver is a reddish brown organ with four lobes.

 It is localized in the upper part of the abdominal cavity, below the diaphragm, it is coverd
entirely by visceral peritoneum-a thin double layered membrane.
 The liver consist of 4 lobes – 2 right lobes n 2 left lobes. Each lobe is made of lobules &
each lobules consist of central vein surrounded by tiny cells grouped together in bundles,
which perform the work of the liver.
 The blood supply of sys of liver.
The liver receives blood containing O2 from the heart via the hepatic artery. It also
receives blood filled with nutrients via the portal vein branch into a network of tiny blood
vessel which empty into sinusoids.
Liver cells absorbs nutrients & O2 from blood as it flows through sinusoids & filter
wastes. Blood leaves liver through hepatic vein.
 Normal liver weighs 1.4-1.6kg.

FUNCTIONS : -
 Regulation of blood sugar level : -
The level of blood sugar is around 0.1% & excess is stored as glycogen.
Insulin causes excess glucose to turn in glycogen.
 Regulation of lipids : -
Lipids are extracted from blood & changes to carbohydrate.
 Regulation of amino acids : -
Any extra level of amino acids is converted into urea in liver & removed as urine.
Remainder of amino acid is changed into carbohydrate.
 It helps in the storage of vitamins & minerals such as vit-A, D, K & B12.
 The liver is responsible for producing cholesterol. Its produces 80% of body cholesterol.
 It produces bile which aids in digestion.
 It’s a major site of thrombopoeitin production.

GALL BLADDER & ITS FUNCTION :-

Gall bladder is a small pear shaped sac, about 3-4 inch. Long & 1 inch. Wide lovated on the right
lobe of liver.

 It stores & concentrates bile which digest fat & neutralize acid, but if gall bladder is
removed, the bile from the liver will drain directly into the intestine & digestion will
proceed as before.
 The gall bladder is composed of three parts : -
a) The fundus : - the base sits right on the liver.
b) The neck : - narrow place where contents of the gall bladder drain on way to
intestine.
c) The body : - a muscular sac that holds 20-50 mille Liter of bile.
 Bile is manufactured in liver & collects into small bile condiculli. From there it flows into
bile ducts.
 These drain into right & left hepatic duct which send it either to intestine or to the
gallbladder for storage. This sys is called “biliary tree”