INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM

DR S K BANSAL
SGT MEDICAL COLLEGE, GURGAON
 METABOLISM

The sum total of the chemical processes that occur

in living organisms.

METABOLISM= Anabolism + Catabolism

 ORGANIC BUILDING BLOCK MOLECULES
Monosaccharides
Amino acids
Acetates
Nucleotide bases

ATP Catabolic
processes
Energy
Energy
Anabolic
processes
ADP+Pi

Complex molecules CO2& H2O

 CELLULAR RESPIRATION

C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 36ADP + 36Pi  6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP

 BASIC STEPS

Glycolysis
1

2 Acetyl CoA Formation

3 Krebs Cycle

4 Electron Transport System

 Controlling Metabolic Flux

1. Control enzyme levels

2. Control of enzyme activity (activation or inhibition)

3. Compartamentalization
Fatty acid oxidation occurs in mitochondrial matrix
Fatty acid synthesis occurs in endoplasmic reticulum membrane exposed
to the cytoplasm of the cell.

4. Hormonal control
 TYPES OF REACTIONS

 Exergonic (Spontaneous)

 Endergonic (Non-Spontaneous)
 Minus the
Coupling Reactions cut for the
2nd law

Exergonic
reactions can
supply energy
for endergonic
reactions
Energy Coupling in Metabolism Catabolic reactions provide the energy
that drives anabolic reactions forward

Catabolic
reaction

Anabolic
reaction
Coupled Reactions
DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION OF
CARBOHYDRATES
 INTRODUCTION

>60% of foods are carbohydrates

Starch
Glycogen
Sucrose
Lactose
Cellulose

Hydrolysed to hexose sugars by a family of a glycosidases

(usually specific to the type of bond)
 Digestion
Pre-stomach
Salivary amylase (Ptylin)

G
G G
G G G Limit dextrins
G G G G
G G
G G G
G amylase
G G
G G G
G G  1-6 link G
G
G
maltotriose
 1-4 link G
G G G
G
G
maltose G
G
isomaltose
 Stomach

 Not much carbohydrate digestion

 Small intestine

Enzymes associated with

intestinal surface membranes

 Sucrase
  dextrinase
 Glucoamylase (maltase)
 Lactase
 Pancreatic enzymes
-amylase

maltotriose maltose
G G G G G G G G + G G

 amylase
amylose

G G G G G
G G G
G G G G G G
G G G

amylopectin
Limit dextrins
 G G G
Limit dextrins G

G G G sucrase
G G

maltase G
G
Glucoamylase (maltase)
or G G G
-dextrinase
G G -dextrinase
G G G
G
G
G G G
G