‫‪Modern Arabic Grammar by Hussein Maxos© http://hmaxos.

com Damascus, Syria 2000-2011‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻴﺔ واﻟﻔﺼﻴﺤﺔ‬

‫‪Arabic Spoken Written Grammar Comparison‬‬

‫‪Arabs convert between spoken and written‬‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮم اﻟﻌﺮب ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻮﯾﻞ اﻟﻠﻐﻮي اﻟﻔﻮري واﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ وﻟﻜﻨﮭﻢ‬
‫‪language instantly and spontaneously, but never‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﯾﺨﻠﻄﻮن أﺑﺪاً ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻨﻤﻂ اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻲ ووﻇﯿﻔﺘﮫ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ‬
‫‪mix the spoken type with its natural function in‬‬
‫‪oral speech and the written type with its natural‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻼم اﻟﺸﻔﮭﻲ وﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻨﻤﻂ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﻮب ووﻇﯿﻔﺘﮫ‬
‫‪function in written communication.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪The spoken type by nature and as all languages‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻂ اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻲ ﺑﻄﺒﯿﻌﺘﮫ وﻛﻜﻞ اﻟﻠﻐﺎت أﺑﺴﻂ وأﺳﮭﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪is simpler and easier than the written type. In this‬‬
‫‪table, we notice 20 essential grammar cases that‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﻤﻂ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﻮب‪ ،‬ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﺠﺪول ﻋﺸﺮﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫‪have 20 stable forms in spoken while they have‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪﯾﺔ اﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻟﮭﺎ ﻋﺸﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻲ‬
‫‪60 variable forms in written according to their‬‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻟﮭﺎ ﺳﺘﯿﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫‪position in the sentence.‬‬
‫‪Due to interactive communication usage of‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪spoken, it needs speed which require simplicity,‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻂ اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻲ ﻛﻮﻧﮫ ﻟﻠﺘﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﻲ ﯾﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬
‫‪while written does not, because writer/reader can‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ اﻟﻨﻤﻂ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﻮب ﻻ ﯾﺤﺘﺎج‬
‫‪take their time decoding ornamental complicated‬‬
‫‪sentences.‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻷن اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ واﻟﻘﺎرئ ﯾﻘﺪر أن ﯾﺘﻤﮭﻞ وﯾﻠﺘﺰم‬
‫‪This list is approximate and incomplete. It‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ ﻣﮭﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻌﻘﺪة‪.‬‬
‫‪includes only essential elements building the‬‬ ‫)ھﺬه اﻻﺋﺤﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﯿﺔ وﻏﯿﺮ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬
‫‪Arabic sentence.‬‬
‫اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ‪(.‬‬

‫ﻣﻜﺘﻮب ‪written Arabic‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻲ ‪spoken Arabic‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ‪Grammar case‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮع‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﻮن‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﻢ‬

‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺼﻮب وﻣﺠﺮور‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫‪Regular Masculine plural‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮع‬ ‫ﻃﺎوﻟﺘﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻨﻰ‬

‫ﻃﺎوﻟﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺼﻮب وﻣﺠﺮور‬ ‫ﻃﺎوﻟﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫‪Dual‬‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎبُ ‪ ---‬ﻛﺘﺎ ٌ‬
‫ب‬ ‫اﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻔﺮد‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎبَ ‪ ---‬ﻛﺘﺎبً‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎبْ‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎبِ ‪ ---‬ﻛﺘﺎبٍ‬ ‫‪Singular‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ھﻤﺎ ﯾﻜﺘﺒﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫ھﻤﺎ ﺗﻜﺘﺒﺎن‬ ‫)ﺣﺎﺿﺮ – ﻏﺎﺋﺐ(‬
‫ﻟﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ھﻢ ﯾﻜﺘﺒﻮن‬
‫)ھﻦ | ھﻢ ( ﯾﻜﺘﺒﻮا‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Verb third person present‬‬
‫ﻟﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫ھﻦ ﺗﻜﺘﺒﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ھﻤﺎ ﻛﺘﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫ھﻤﺎ ﻛﺘﺒﺘﺎ‬ ‫)ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ‪ -‬ﻏﺎﺋﺐ(‬
‫ﻟﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ھﻢ ﻛﺘﺒﻮا‬
‫)ھﻦ|ھﻢ( ﻛﺘﺒﻮا‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪Verb 3rd person past‬‬
‫ﻟﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫ھﻦ ﻛﺘﺒﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻤﺎ ﺗﺪرﺳﺎن‬ ‫)اﻧﺘﻮ| اﻧﺘﻢ( ﺗﺪرﺳﻮا‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫‪6‬‬
 ‫‪Modern Arabic Grammar by Hussein Maxos© http://hmaxos.com Damascus, Syria 2000-2011‬‬

‫ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻤﺎ ﺗﺪرﺳﺎن‬ ‫)ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ‪ -‬ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ(‬

‫ﻟﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻢ ﺗﺪرﺳﻮن‬
‫‪Verb 2nd person present‬‬
‫ﻟﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻦ ﺗﺪرﺳﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻤﺎ درﺳﺘﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻤﺎ درﺳﺘﻤﺎ‬ ‫)ﻣﺎﺿﻲ – ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ(‬
‫ﻟﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻢ درﺳﺘﻢ‬
‫)اﻧﺘﻮ| اﻧﺘﻢ( درﺳﺘﻮا‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫‪nd‬‬
‫‪Verb 2 person past‬‬
‫اﻧﺘﻦ درﺳﺘﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻼب ﯾﻌﺮﻓﻮن‬
‫ﺛﺒﻮت اﻟﻨﻮن‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺮﯾﻒ أﺧﺮ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺮاءة‬
‫اﻟﻄﻼب )ﻟﻢ \ ﻟﻦ(‬
‫اﻟﻄﻼب ﯾﻌﺮﻓﻮا اﻟﻘﺮاءة‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫ﺣﺬف اﻟﻨﻮن ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫)‪Verb ending (suffix‬‬
‫ﯾﻌﺮﻓﻮا اﻟﻘﺮاءة‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻓﮭﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻲ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻻ أﻓﮭﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻢ أﻓﮭﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ‪ ----‬ﻣﺎ ﻓﮭﻤﺖ‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫ﻟﻦ أﻓﮭﻢ‬ ‫‪Verb negation‬‬

‫اﻟﻄﻼب ﯾﻌﺮﻓﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻼب ﯾﻌﺮﻓﻮا‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ وﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬

‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﯾﺒﻘﻰ ﻣﻔﺮد‬
‫ﯾﻌﺮفُ اﻟﻄﻼب‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺮﻓﻮا اﻟﻄﻼب‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪Verb & subject agreement‬‬

‫ﻛﺘﺐ ‪ -----‬اﻧﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮭﻮل‬

‫ﻛﺘﺐ ‪ -----‬ﻛُﺘِﺐ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺐ ‪ ------‬اﻧﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫‪Verb passive voice‬‬

‫ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻔﺮد ﻏﺎﺋﺐ )ــﮫ(‬

‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ــُﮫ ‪ -----‬اﺳﻤـُﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮع‬ ‫اﺳﻤُﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﻤُﮫُ‬ ‫ــُ ُﮫ‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪Attached pronoun singular 3rd‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺼﻮب‬ ‫اﺳﻤَﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﻤَ ُﮫ‬ ‫ــَﮫُ‬ ‫ــْﮭﺎ ‪ -----‬اﺳﻤْﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫‪person‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﺮور‬
‫اﺳﻤِﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﻤِﮫِ‬ ‫ــِﮫِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻔﺮد ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ )ـﻚ(‬

‫ﺑﯿﺘُ ِ‬
‫ﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺘُﻚَ‬
‫ــُ َ‬
‫ﻚ‬ ‫ــَﻚ ‪ -----‬ﺑﯿﺘَﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮع‬
‫ــَﻚَ‬ ‫‪Attached pronoun singular 2nd‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺼﻮب‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺘَﻚِ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺘَﻚَ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺮور‬
‫ــِﻚَ‬ ‫ــِﻚ ‪ -----‬ﺑﯿﺘِﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫‪person‬‬
‫ﺑﯿﺘِﻚِ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺘِﻚَ‬

‫ھﺎذان ‪ ---‬ھﺎذﯾﻦ‬ ‫أﺳﻤﺎء اﻹﺷﺎرة‬

‫ھﺎﺗﺎن ‪ ---‬ھﺎﺗﯿﻦ‬ ‫ھﺪول – ھﺬول ‪ -‬دول‬ ‫)‪Indicative (demonstrative‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬
‫ھﺆﻻء‬ ‫‪pronouns‬‬

‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ‪ ---‬أﻛﺒﺮ ‪ ---‬أﻛﺒﺮ ﺷﻲء‬ ‫ﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﻀﯿﻞ‬

‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ‪ ---‬أﻛﺒﺮ ‪ ---‬اﻷﻛﺒﺮ‬
‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ‪ ---‬أﻛﺒﺮ ‪ ---‬أﻛﺒﺮ ﺷﻲ‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪Comparative form‬‬
 ‫‪Modern Arabic Grammar by Hussein Maxos© http://hmaxos.com Damascus, Syria 2000-2011‬‬

‫اﻟﺬي ‪ ---‬اﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻠﺬان ‪ ---‬اﻟﻠﺬﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻮل‬
‫اﻟﻠﺘﺎن ‪ ---‬اﻟﻠﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫اﻻﺗﻲ ‪ ---‬اﻟﻠﻮاﺗﻲ‬ ‫‪Relative pronoun‬‬
‫اﻻﺋﻲ ‪ ---‬اﻟﺬﯾﻦ‬
‫ﻟﯿﺲ ﺟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻲ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻏﯿﺮ ﺟﯿﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻮ| ﻣﻮش‬ ‫‪17‬‬
‫‪Adjective negation‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺼﻮب| ﻣﺠﺮور‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮع‬ ‫اﻷرﻗﺎم‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮون‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮﯾﻦ – ﺗﻼﺗﯿﻦ – أرﺑﻌﯿﻦ‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻮن‬ ‫‪Numbers‬‬
‫أرﺑﻌﯿﻦ‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﻮن‬
‫ارﻗﺎم ﺗﺬﻛﯿﺮ \ ﺗﺄﻧﯿﺚ‬
‫ﺗﺬﻛﯿﺮ وﺗﺄﻧﯿﺚ اﻟﻌﺪد ﻋﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺧﻤﺲ ﻛﺘﺐ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪود‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻊ ﻏﺮف‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻊ ﻏﺮف‬ ‫‪19‬‬
‫‪Numbers agreement‬‬