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Ans. Introduction:
Industrial development is identified as the effective means to attain economic growth in any
country. Industrial sickness has become a common feature of the large scale sector as well as the
small scale sector. In spite of the enactment of the special legislations and various steps taken by
the government & RBI to deal with the problem, industrial sickness is growing at an alarming
pace. The liberalization of the economy resulting into increased competition had added to the
problem of industrial sickness.
Many objectives have been imputed to the corporate entity but perhaps the most important is
that of survival. To survive, a firm needs to be profitable and financially sound. The
consequences of failure are experienced by shareholders, employees, financial institutions,
suppliers, customers and the society as a whole.
The reasons like technological development, industrial recessions and international trade
policies make some uncompetitive and tardy progress in some related sectors shrink markets for
others which results in closing down of units.
Sec 2(46AA) of the Companies Act 1956 says “Sick Industrial Company” means an Industrial
Company which has
1) The accumulated losses in any financial year equal to 50% or more of its average net worth
during four years immediately preceding such financial year, or
2) Failed to repay its debts within any three consecutive quarters on demand made in writing for
its repayment by a creditor or creditors of such Company.
“Net Worth” here means the sum total of the paid up capital and free reserves after deducting the
provisions or expenses as may be prescribed.
Symptoms of Sickness:
Sickness does not occur overnight, but develop gradually over time. Some of the common
symptoms are:
External Causes:
1. Shortage of key inputs like power and basic Raw materials.
2. Changes in governmental policies with respect to excise duties, customs duties,
Export duties etc.
3. Emergence of huge competition in the market.
4. Development of new technology which may not be used in the organization because of its
high cost or unawareness of such technology.
5. Sudden decline in orders from government.
6. Consumers may change their tastes and preferences.
7. Reduced lending by financial institutions.
Revival of a Sick Unit:
When an industrial unit is identified sick, a viability study should be conducted to assess whether
the unit can be revived. Of the study suggests that the unit can be revived, a suitable plan for
revival must be formulated. If the viability study indicates that the unit is “better dead than alive”
steps must be taken to liquidate it.
The viability study may suggest one of the following:
1) The unit can be revived by adopting one or more of the following measures: debt restructuring
correction of functional deficiencies etc.
2) The unit is not potentially viable- This implies that the benefits expected from remedial
measures are less than the cost of such remedial measures.
Revival Programme:
The revival programme usually involves the following:
8) Streamlining of Operations:
-Manufacturing, purchasing and selling operations have to be examined so that they can be
streamlined.
-Value engineering, standardization, simplification etc should be exploited fully to improve the
efficiency of the operations.
In these ways a sick unit can be turned into a healthy unit which is also known as “Turnaround
Management” which reverse the negative trends in the performance indicators of an industrial
sick unit or the firm can be handed over to the Board of Industrial & Financial reconstruction
which may help to convert the sick unit into a healthy one by providing help to that unit or
handing over that unit to any of the profitable firm.
HEALTY UNIT
DEATH