Problem 3

Explanation for 3a (R):

• Symmetric (green arrows) – yes, the relations are symmetric.
– {(1,2), (2,1), (2,3), (3,2)}
• Reflexive (red arrows) - yes, the relations are reflexive.
– {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3)}
• Transitive (blue arrows) - yes, the relations are transitive.
– {(1,3), (3,1)}

Explanation for 3a (S):

• Symmetric (green arrows) – there is no symmetry due to the missing relation (3,2).
• Reflexive – reflexive relations such {(1,1), (2,2),(3,3)} do not exist.
• Transitive (blue arrows) – as the relationship (3,2) does not exist, the transitive (marked in
red dotted lines) relationship (3,1) cannot exist either.

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