132 Chapter 3 Series Solution Methods and Special Functions and the values of p 1. If Vd/s real and p is not integer (or zero), then Z, denotes J, and Z_, denotes J_,. 2. If ¥d/s is real and p is zero or integer k, then Z, denotes J, and Z_, denotes Y,. 3. If V/s is imaginary and p is not zero or integer, then Z, denotes I, and Z_, denotes I_, 4. If Vd/s is imaginary and p is zero or integer k, then Z, denotes J, and Z_, denotes K,. Pin-promoters of the type shown in Fig. 3.2@ and 3.2b are used in heat exchangers to enhance heat transfer by promoting local wall turbulence and by extending heat transfer area. Find an expression to compute the temperature profile, assuming temperature varies mainly in the x direction, The plate temperature T,, fluid temperature 7,, and heat transfer coefficient h are constant. We first denote the coordinate x as starting at the pin tip, for geometric simplicity (ie., similar triangles). Heat is conducted along the pin axis and is lost through the perimeter of incremental area A, =2my As, so that writing the steady-state conservation law gives, where at any plane through the pin, the cross-sectional area is A = Ty? (4A) — (Ge A) levax — M27 YAS(T — T,) = 0 (3.166) Now, similar triangles show y/x = b/H and the incremental length As = Ax/cos B, so that replacing y and dividing by Ax yields d(q,A) __2axbh ai ~ Hos B (T-T,)=0 (3.167) ts Figure 3.2a Pin-promoters attached to heat ex- change surface.3.5 Special Functions 133 = ITT) Ay -——— > Figure 3.25 Geometry of a single pit Replacing 2 a ~KE and A= =(F) gives pi—ir- 1) =0 (3.168) &( Fp Joos B The equation can be made homogeneous by replacing (7 — T,) = 6, and we shall denote the group of terms as so differentiating yields @o de wag + xg -xn0 = 0 (3.169) We now introduce a dimensionless length scale, z = Ax to get finally 2 nf + 22h -z0=0 (3.170) Comparing this with the Generalized Bessel relation, Eq. 3.163, indicates we134 Chapter 3. Series Solution Methods and Special Functions should let b=0,a=2,¢=0,d=-1,s=1/2 and moreover, Eq. 3.165 suggests 1 : p=1 and vd = 2i (imaginary) (3.171) Comparing with Eq. 3.164, and item (4) in the list following, we arrive at 1 @ Jp Aol) + BoK,(2V2)] (3.172) We first check for finiteness at z= 0 (ie. x = 0), using the expansion in Eq. 3.161 ve 1 (zy fim (22) = im, spree =1 (3.173) so we see that this solution is admissible at z = 0. It is easy to show for small arguments that K,(x) = 2"~(n — 1)lx-", hence approximately K,(2Vz) = 0.5/ Vz, so that in the limit lim 2° "/2K (2/2 ) Thus, this function is inadmissible in the domain of z = 0, so take By = 0. This same conclusion would have been reached following a Frobenius analysis, since the series solution would obviously contain In(x) as taught in the previous sections. Whereas boundary conditions were not explicitly stated, it is clear in Fig. 3.2@ that T(H) = T, or (AH) = T, — T,; hence, the arbitrary constant A, can be evaluated = VAH (Ty ~ T,)/h(2VAH) (3.174) In terms of x, the final solution is 2VAx Ei 1,2VAH) G75) ‘The dimensionless temperature (T(x) — T,)/(T, — T,) arises naturally and can ‘be computed directly from expansions for /, or from Tables (Abramowitz and Stegun 1965). We need the differential or integral properties for Bessel functions to compute the net rate of heat transfer. We discuss these properties in the next section, and then use them to complete the above example.