FOOD DIGESTION PROCESS

IN HUMAN!

IN THE MOUTH (a)

 Salivary amylase start the hydrolysis of starch into maltose
 Chewed food rolled into form of bolus.
 Bolus moves down oesophagus by peristalsis.
 When cardium sphincter relaxes food enter the stomach.

IN THE STOMACH (pere)

 The digestion of protein starts, change to polypeptides by enzyme pepsin.
 Casein change to caseinogen by enzyme rennin.
 Hidrochloric acid create acidic condition & kill bacteria & stop the activity of
salyvary amilase.
 The semi fluid content called chyme enter duodenum when the piloric
spincter relaxes.
IN THE DUODENUM (ALITRI)

 Starch that not hydrolyze in mouth is hydrolyze here to maltose by enzyme

amylase.
 Emulsifications of lipid (breaking up fats into small droplet) by help of salt which
reduce the surfaces tension of fat.
 Lipase will hydrolyze lipid to fatty acid & glycerols
 Trypsin will hydrolyze polypeptides to peptides.

IN THE ILEUM ( MALASULIEREP)

 Maltose is hydrolyze to gucose ,enzyme maltase
 Lactose is hydrolyze to gucose & galactose ,enzyme lactase
 Sucrose is hydrolyze to gucose & fructose,enzyme sucrase
 Lipid is hydrolyze to fatty acids & glycerols ,enzyme lipase
 Peptides is hydrolyze to amino acids ,enzyme erepsin

IN THE COLON
 Only absorbtion of water take place.
 ADAPTATION DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
FOR RODENT & RUMINANT
RUMINANTS
Stomach is made up of four
chamber
Food is digested twice by
regurgitating and rechewing
before swallowed again
Caecum & appendix are
absent
Cellulose is digested in the
rumen & reticulum
Microorganism are found in
rumen and reticulum
RODENTS
One stomach only with no
division of chambers
Faeces are eaten twice for
second round of digestion
Posses a large caecum and
appendix
Cellulose
is digested in the
caecum and appendix
Microorganismare found in
caecum & appendix
 THE DIFFERENCE OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
BETWEEN HUMAN ,RUMINANTS & RODENTS

HUMAN RUMINANTS RODENTS

Stomach has one Stomach has 4 Stomachhas 1
chamber chambers chamber
Caecum is short Caecum is short Caecum is long

Cannot digest Digestcellulose in Digest cellulose in

cellulose rumen & reticulum caecum
No enzyme Bacteria & protozoa Bacteria & protozoa
cellulase in rumen & reiculum in caecum secretes
secretes cellulase cellulase
The food goes The food first goes into Food goes into
through the rumen, reticulum then alimentary canal twice.
alimentary canal return to mouth to be Rodents eats back the
chew again. Then partially digested food
once
swallowed into omasum after pass it.
 PROBLEMS WITH FOOD
DIGESTION…

INCOMPLETE DIGESTION
 Excessive intake of food and oily food cause severe pain in
the stomach, nausea, vomitting & bloated stomach.

REDUCED PRODUCTION OF ENZYME

 Difficulty in digestion lactose in adult, damage of pancreas
will reduce of amylase, trypsin & lipase enzyme.

FORMATION OF GALLSTONE
 Excessive intake of fatty food cause gallstone that block the
bile duct , preventing bile to be channeled out. As a result
lipids cannot be emulsified.
 ASSIMILATION OF DIGESTED
FOOD

 The product of digestion are brought directly to liver. The liver

control the amount of nutrients released into the blood circulatory
system.
 Assimilation takes place in the cells where the nutrients are use to
form complex compound.

FUNCTION OF LIVER
 Influence of insulin & glucagon hormone to regulate blood glucose
level.
 Manufacture of fibrinogen, prothrombin & bile.
 Detoxification of alcohol,drugs & toxins
 Deamination of amino acids.
 Storage of Vit A & D, B12, ferum, copper & potassium.
 Produce heat.
ASSIMILATION PROCESS IN LIVER

AMINO ACIDS GLUCOSE

Excess amino acids cannot be Excess glucose is converted into
stored & broken down into urea by glycogen and stored in the liver by
deamination process. help of insulin hormone.

Iflack supply of glucose, liver When the blood sugar level falls,
converts amino acids into glucose glucagon hormone converted back to
glycogen to glucose

Plasma protein can be synthesized Glucose in the liver is used for

from amino acids for blood clotting & cellular respiration to form energy.
osmoregulation.
 ASSIMILATION PROCESS IN THE
CELLS

AMINO ACIDS GLUCOSE LIPIDS

 Use for synthesis of  Are oxidize to Phospholipid &

new protoplasm and released energy during cholesterol are major
repair of damage cellular respiration. components of plasma
tissues. membrane.
 Important as  Energy is required Excess fats are
building blocks for for chemical processes stored in adipose
synthesize enzyme in the cell. tissue underneath
and hormone  eg; muscle skin.
contaction & synthesis When body lack
protein. glucose fats are
oxidized to release
energy.
 POOR EATING HABITS

Gastritis
 If food not taken at regular times, the absence of food in the stomach will
result in the acidic gastric juice acting on the epithelial lining of the
stomach wall then becomes inflames.
 Inflamation and damage to the stomach lining can also cause by excessive
alcohol consumption, stress & taking pain relievers regularly.
 Treatment involves taking medication such as antacids: sodium
bicarbonate & magnesium hydroxide which can neutralize the HCL yhe
gastirc juice
HOW TO CHOOSE FOOD

When choosing food, we must consider the:

 Nutritional contents of food, avoid oily food.

 Freshness of food
 Presence of food additives such food flavouring,
colouring & preservatives should be avoided.

* OUR GENERAL HEALTH DEPEND TO LARGE

EXTENT ON A HEALTHY DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
 The end…
Bye-Bye!! See you
next time. Don’t
forget to study…!