A Technical Seminar Report

On

DIGITAL JEWELLERY

Submitted to JNTUK, Kakinada in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the
Degree Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science & Engineering.

Submitted By
M VENKATA NAGA SUJIT
07A41A0535

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
Affiliated JNTUK, Kakinada
DHULIPALLA-522 403, Guntur Dist.
Academic Year 2010-11
 LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(Affiliated JNTUK, Kakinada)
Dhulipalla – 522 403, Guntur Dist.
Department of Computer Science & Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that M VENKATA NAGA SUJIT(Regd. No.07A41A0535 ) have

prepared a technical seminar report entitled “ DIGITAL JEWELLERY“ as a partial
fulfillment for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science &
Engineering. He worked for a period of one semester under our supervision.

Sri. Y. Suresh Sri. K. Ramesh

Asst.Professor Associate Professor
Technical Seminar Supervisor Head of the Department
Computer Science and Engineering Computer Science and Engineering
 Abstract

Mobile computing is beginning to break the chains that tie us to our desks, but many of today's mobile
devices can still be a bit awkward to carry around. In the next age of computing, there will be an
explosion of computer parts across our bodies, rather than across our desktops. Basically, jewellery
adorns the body, and has very little practical purpose. The combination of microcomputer devices and
increasing computer power has allowed several companies to begin producing fashion jewellery with
embedded intelligence i.e., Digital jewelry. Digital jewellery can best be defined as wireless, wearable
computers that allow you to communicate by ways of e-mail, voicemail, and voice communication.
This paper enlightens on how various computerized jewelry (like ear-rings, necklace, ring, bracelet,
etc.,) will work with mobile embedded intelligence.

Even the devices we use are protected by passwords. It can be frustrating trying to keep with
all of the passwords and keys needed to access any door or computer program. This paper discusses
about a new Java-based, computerized ring that will automatically unlock doors and log on to
computers.
 Contents

1 Introduction 1
2 What Is Digital Jewellery 1
2.1 Digital Jewellery and Their Components 1
2.2 Technical Specifications of Digital Jewellery 3
3 Display Technologies 3
3.1 Basic Prototype Of The Digital Jewellery 4
4 The Java Ring 4
4.1 The Postal Security Device Of Dallas 4
4.2 Components Of The Java-Ring 5
4.2.1 Java Virtual Machine 5
4.2.2 RAM 6
4.2.3 ROM 6
4.2.4 Real Time Clock 7
4.2.5 IButton 8
4.2.6 Blue Dot Receptor 10
4.3 Working of Java Ring 11
4.4 Security in Java Ring 12
4.4.1 Security through Java Ring in a car 13
4.5 Application of Java Ring 13
4.6 Highlights of Java Ring 14
5 Conclusion 15
6 Bibliography 15
 LIST OF FIGURES

2.1 Digital Jewellery Cell phone 2

2.2 IBM's magic decoder ring 2
2.3 Prototype bracelet display 3
3.1 Alphanumeric or graphic Display Types 3
3.2 Complete HIOX necklace 4
4.1 Prototype of stainless steel java ring. 4
4.2 Blue Dot receptor 4
4.3 Structure of IButton 8
4.4 Types of IButton’s available in the market 10
4.5 Types of Blue dot receptor’s available in the market 11
4.6 Java Ring with Door application 11
4.7 Security through Java Ring in a car 13
4.8 Account balance through internet using Java Ring 14
5.1 Digital Watch 15
 1. Introduction
The latest computer craze has
been to be able to wear wireless computers.
The Computer Fashion Wave, "Digital
Jewellery" looks to be the next sizzling fashion
trend of the technological wave. The
combination of shrinking computer devices
and increasing computer power has allowed
several companies to begin producing fashion
jewellery with embedded intelligence. The
whole concept behind this is to be able to
communicate to others by means of wireless
appliances. The other key factor of this concept
market is to stay fashionable at the same time.
By the end of the decade, we could be wearing
our computers instead of sitting in front of
them.
2. What Is Digital Jewellery
Digital jewelry is the fashion
jewelry with embedded intelligence. “Digital
jewelry” can help you solve problems like
forgotten passwords and security badges.
“Digital jewelry” is a nascent catchphrase for
wearable ID devices that contain personal
information like passwords, identification, and
account information. They have the potential to
be all-in-one replacements for your driver’s
license, key chain, business cards, credit cards,
1
health insurance card, corporate security
badge, and loose cash. They can also solve a
common dilemma of today’s wired world – the
forgotten password.
2.1 Digital Jewellery and Their
Components
Soon, cell phones will take a
totally new form, appearing to have no form at
all. Instead of one single device, cell phones
will be broken up into their basic components
and packaged as various pieces of digital
jewellery. Each piece of jewellery will contain
a fraction of the components found in a
conventional mobile phone. Together, the
digital-jewellery cell phone should work just
like a conventional cell phone. The various
components that are inside a cell phone:
Microphone, Receiver, Touch pad, Display,
Circuit board, Antenna, and Battery.
IBM has developed a prototype
of a cell phone that consists of several pieces
of digital jewellery that will work together
wirelessly, possibly with Blue tooth wireless
technology, to perform the functions of the
above components without interruption signals.
This prototype proved to be the most flexible
accessory released ever. This made this
prototype to be made as soon as possible.

Fig 2.1: Digital Jewellery Cell phone
Here are the pieces of computerized-jewelry
phone and their functions:
 Earrings - Speakers embedded into these
earrings will be the phone's receiver.
 Necklace - Users will talk into the
necklace's embedded microphone.
 Ring - Perhaps the most interesting piece
of the phone, this "magic decoder ring” is
equipped with light-emitting
(LEDs) that flash to indicate an incoming
call. It can also be programmed to flash
different colors to identify a particular
caller or indicate the importance of a call.
 Bracelet - Equipped with a video graphics
array (VGA) display, this wrist display
could also be used as a caller identifier that
flashes the name and phone number of the
caller.
With a jewellery phone, the
keypad and dialing function could
integrated into the bracelet, or else dumped
altogether -- it's likely that voice-recognition
software will be used to make calls.
Fig 2.2: IBM's magic decoder rings will flash when
you get a call.
The same ring that flashes for
phone calls could also inform you that e-mail
is piling up in your inbox. This flashing alert
could also indicate the urgency of the e-mail.
The mouse-ring that IBM is
diodes
developing will use the company's Track Point
technology to wirelessly move the cursor on a
computer-monitor display. (Track Point is the
little button embedded in the keyboard of some
laptops). IBM Researchers have transferred
Track Point technology to a ring, which looks
something like a black-pearl ring. On top of the
ring is a little black ball that users will swivel
to move the cursor, in the same way that the
TrackPoint button on a laptop is used.
This Track Point ring will be
be
very valuable when monitors shrink to the size
of watch face. In the coming age of ubiquitous
2
computing, displays will no longer be tied to
desktops or wall screens. Instead, you'll wear
the display like a pair of sunglasses or a
bracelet. Researchers are overcoming several
obstacles facing these new wearable displays,
the most important of which is the readability
of information displayed on these tiny devices.
Fig 2.3: Prototype of bracelet display developed by
IBM
2.2 Technical Specifications of Digital
Jewellery
Digital jewelry devices consist
of a screen or display for information, most
likely consisting of 7-16-segment, or dot
matrix LEDs, LCDs, or other technologies
such as electroluminescent material (EL) or
others, which could become an optional
display. So too, an audiovisual or other
'display' could consist of a speaker, a single
flashing light, a sensor of some kind (such as a
temperature driven EL display), or other
3
informational aesthetic. A micro controller that
is a surface mounted device (SMD) on a
printed circuit board (PCB) with resistors (R)
and capacitors (C) are the internal 'guts' of the
jewelry.
3. Display Technologies
The digital jewelry display, for
instance, every alphabet and number system
has found representation within the electronics
realm and 'dot-matrix' (a matrix of single
LEDs) is used to display Chinese and Japanese
and other character sets, as can the alternative
display for LCDs (liquid-crystal-displays) also
be used, as often found in watches.
Fig 3.1: Alphanumeric or graphic Display Types
Digital Jewelry can be made in
many different sizes and shapes with a variety
of materials ranging from plastic and metal to
rubber and glass. They utilize electromagnetic
properties and electronics to display
information through a screen or display of
some kind. This could range from LED 7-
segment, 16-segment, dot matrix, and other
LEDs devices to LCDs, OLEDs, and other
displays, which are all driven by the self-
contained jewellery devices themselves
3.1 Basic Prototype of the Digital
Jewellery
Fig 3.2: Complete HIOX necklace showing all 26
letters of the Roman alphabet extended in 4-
dimensional space-time.
4. The Java Ring
It seems that everything we
access today is under lock and key. Even the
devices we use are protected by passwords. It
can be frustrating trying to keep with all of the
passwords and keys needed to access any door
or computer program. Dallas Semiconductor is
developing a new Java-based, computerized
ring that will automatically unlock doors and
log on to computers.
Fig 4.1: Prototype of stainless steel java ring.
4
Fig 4.2: Blue Dot receptor
The Java Ring is a stainless-steel ring, 16 milli-
meters (0.6 inches) in diameter that houses a 1-
million-transistor processor, called an iButton.
The ring has 134 KB of RAM, 32 KB of ROM,
a real-time clock and a Java virtual machine,
which is a piece of software that recognizes the
Java language and translates it for the user's
computer system.
4.1 The Postal Security Device of
Dallas
For over 10 years, Dallas
Semiconductor also has been designing,
making, and selling a line of highly secure
microprocessors that are used in satellite TV
descramblers, automatic teller machines, point-
of-sale terminals, and other similar applications
requiring cryptographic security and high
resistance to attack by hackers. Postal
Service's(USPS) Information Based Indicia
Program Postal Security Device Specification,
intended to permit printing of valid U.S.
postage on any PC, provided the first
opportunity to combine two areas of expertise
when a secure microprocessor was designed
into an iButton the resulting product, named 4.2 Components of The Java-Ring
the Crypto iButton, combines high processor
performance and high-speed cryptographic The main components of the
primitives, and exceptional protection against java ring are following:-

physical and cryptographic attacks of outsiders.

 JAVA VIRTUAL MACHINE(JVM)
An agreement between Dallas Semiconductor
 134KB OF RAM
and RSA Data Security Inc. provides a paid-up  32KB OF RAM
license for anyone using the Crypto iButton to  REAL TIME CLOCK
perform RSA encryption and digital signatures  IBUTTOON
 BLUE DOT RECEPTOR
so that no more further licensing of the RSA
encryption technology is required so far. High 4.2.1 Java Virtual Machine
security is afforded by the ability to erase the
Java ring is programmed with
contents of NVRAM extremely quickly. This
java application program and applets that
feature, rapid zeroization, is a requirement for
communicate with the host application on the
high security devices that may be subjected to
networked system. applets are the small
attacks by hackers. As a result of its high
application that is designed to run on the
security, the Crypto iButton is expected to win
another application system. The java virtual
the FIPS 140-1 security certification by the
machine is the piece of software that
National Institute of Standards and Technology
recognizes the java language and translate the
(NIST).A special operating system was
byte code ,which is used by the system which
designed and stored in the ROM of the Crypto
is connected to the java ring via ring reader.
iButton to support cryptography and general-
Mobile computing is beginning to break the
purpose financial transactions -- such as those
chains that tie us to our desks, but many of
required by the Postal Service program. While
today's mobile devices can still be a bit
not a Java virtual machine, the Ecommerce
awkward to carry around. In the next age of
firmware designed for this application had
computing, we will see an explosion of
several points of similarity with Java, including
computer parts across our bodies, rather than
an object-oriented design and a byte code
across our desktops. Digital jewelry, designed
interpreter to interpret and execute Dallas
to supplement the personal computer, will be
Semiconductor's custom-designed with the E-
the evolution in digital technology that makes
Commerce Script Language.

5
computer elements entirely compatible with therefore no requirement to deal with persistent
the human form. objects in a special way -- objects persist or not
depending on their scope so the programmer
4.2.2 RAM has complete control over object persistence.
As in standard Java, the Java iButton contains
Java ring contains a 134kb of
a garbage collector that collects any objects
the non-volatile random access memory.
that are out of scope and recycles the memory
Program and data is being stored in this non-
for future use. Applets can be loaded and
volatile random access memory .This non-
unloaded from the Java iButton as often as
volatile random access me- mory offers high
needed. All the applets currently loaded in a
read/write speed and also provides a temper
Java iButton are effectively executing at zero
resistance through an instantaneous clearing of
speed any time the iButton is not in contact
all memory when tempering is detected. This
with a Blue Dot receptor. As the Java Card 2.0
process is called rapid-zeroization. The
specification was proposed, Dallas
NVRAM iButton’s memory can be erased or
Semiconductor became a Java Soft license.
rewritten as often as necessary without wearing
The agreement called for the development of a
out. High security is offered by the ability to
Java Card 2.0 implementation and also for the
erase the content of NVRAM extremely
design of "plus portions" that take advantage of
quickly and easily. The Crypto iButton also
the unique capabilities afforded by the Crypto
provides an excellent hardware platform for
iButtons NVRAM, such as the ability to
executing Java because it utilizes NVRAM for
support a true Java stack and garbage
program and data storage. With 6 kilobytes of
collection. With the addition of continuously
existing NVRAM and the potential to expand
running lithium powered time-of-day clock and
the NVRAM capacity to as much as 128
the high-speed large-integer and modular
kilobytes in the existing iButton form factor,
exponentiation engine.
the Crypto iButton can execute Java with a
relatively large Java stack situated in NVRAM. 4.2.3 ROM
This memory acts as conventional high-speed
RAM when the processor is executing, and the The java ring contains 32kb of
lithium energy preserves the complete state of ROM .A special kind of operating system
the machine while the Java Ring is called Ecommerce operating system which is
disconnected from the reader. There is based on java and JVM is stored in the ROM.

6
This operating system handles all the operation
which is happening in the iButton. It is stored
in ROM because it is not supposed to be
altered by the user. The Crypto iButton
hardware platform offers a unique set of
special features expressly designed to prevent
private keys and the other confidential
information from being becoming available to
hackers. The prototype shows a detail of the
internal construction of the Crypto iButton.
The silicon die containing the processor, ROM,
and NVRAM memory is metallurgically
bonded to the barrier substrate through which
all electrical contacts are made. This barrier
substrate and triple-layer metal construction
techniques employed in the silicon fabrication
effectively deny access to the data stored in the
NVRAM. If any attempt is made to penetrate
into these barriers, NVRAM data is being
immediately erased by itself. This construction
technique and the use of NVRAM for the
storage of private keys and other confidential
data provides a much higher degree of data
security than that afforded by EEPROM
memory. The fact that the communication path
between the Crypto iButton and the outside
world is limited to a single data line provides
additional security against hardware attacks by
limiting the range of signals accessible to the
hacker. In addition, the processor itself is
driven by an unstabilized ring oscillator
7
operating over a range of 10 to 20 megahertz,
so that the clock frequency of the processor is
not constant and cannot be determined by
external means. This differs from the design of
alternative devices in which the processor
clock signal is injected by the reader and is
therefore exactly determined by the host
processor. External control of the clock
provides a valuable tool to hackers, since they
can repetitively cycle such a processor to the
same point in its execution simply by applying
the same number of clock cycles. Control of
the clock also affords a means to induce a
calculation error and hence, thereby obtain
information that can ultimately reveal secret
encryption keys that are available till now. A
32-kilohertz crystal oscillator is used in the
Java iButton to operate the time-of-day clock
at a constant and well-controlled frequency that
is independent of the processor clock.
4.2.4 Real Time Clock
In the java ring real time clock
gives the exact time of the day. The real time
clock will continuously running up to more
than 10 years by the energy provided the
lithium backup. In addition, the processor itself
is driven by an unstabilized ring oscillator
operating over a range of 10 to 20 megahertz,
so that the clock frequency of the processor is
not constant and cannot be determined by
external means. This differs from the design of
alternative devices in which the processor
clock signal is injected by the reader and is
therefore exactly determined by the host
processor. External control of the clock
provides a valuable tool to hackers, since they
can repetitively cycle such a processor to the
same point in its execution simply by applying
the same number of clock cycles. Control of
the clock also affords a means to induce a
calculation error and thereby to obtain
information that can ultimately reveal secret
encryption keys for security. A 32-kilohertz
crystal oscillator is used in the Java iButton to
operate the time-of-day clock at a constant and
well-controlled frequency that is independent
of the processor clock.
4.2.5 IButton
Fig 4.3 Structure of IButton
The jewel of the java ring is the
java iButton .It contains the one million
transistor processor single chip trusted
8
microprocessor with powerful java virtual
machine (JVM) housed in a rugged and secure
stainless steel case. The Crypto iButton
hardware platform offers a unique set of
special features that are being expressly
designed to prevent private keys and other
confidential information from becoming
available to hackers. Figure 4.1 shows a detail
description of the internal construction of the
Crypto iButton. The silicon die containing the
processor, ROM, and NVRAM memory is
metallurgically bonded to the barrier substrate
through which all electrical contacts are made.
This barrier substrate and the triple-layer metal
construction techniques employed in silicon
fabrication effectively deny access to the data
stored in the NVRAM. If any attempt is made
to penetrate these barriers, the NVRAM data is
being immediately erased. This construction
technique and the use of NVRAM for the
storage of private keys and other confidential
data provides a much higher degree of data
security than that afforded by EEPROM
memory. The fact that the communication path
between the Crypto iButton and the outside
world is limited to a single data line provides
additional security against hardware attacks by
limiting the range of signals accessible to the
hacker. In addition, the processor itself is
driven by an unstabilized ring oscillator
operating over a range of 10 to 20 megahertz,
so that the clock frequency of the processor is but housed in a round stainless steel button of
not constant and cannot be determined by 17.35mm x 3.1mm - 5.89mm in size (depend-
external means. This differs from the design of ing on the function). The iButton was invented
alternative devices in which the processor and is still manufactured exclusively by Dallas
clock signal is injected by the reader and is Semiconductor mainly for applications in harsh
therefore exactly determined by the host and demanding environments.
processor. External control of the clock
Like a smart card, an iButton
provides a valuable tool to hackers, since they
does not have an internal power source. It
can repetitively cycle such a processor to the
requires connection to a reader in order to be
same point in its execution simply by applying
supplied with power and to receive input and
the same number of clock cycles. Control of
send output. Unlike some smart cards, there are
the clock also affords a means to induce a
currently no contactless iButtons: they require
calculation error and thereby obtain the
physical contact with a reader to function.
information that can ultimately reveal the
There are iButtons that can measure
secret encryption keys. A 32-kilohertz crystal
temperature (for food storage and transport);
oscillator is used in the Java iButton to operate
have an electronic ID (for physical access to
the time-of-day clock at a constant and well-
buildings); and store e-cash (for purchases both
controlled frequency that is independent of the
in stores and via the web). For e-commerce
processor clock. It is originally called the touch
applications, the iButton can support Java Card
memory devices they were later renamed as
2.0/Open Card standards in addition to
“iButton’s packaged” like batteries. IButton
proprietary software. iButtons have an
have only a single active electrical contact on
advantage over conventional smart cards in
the top surface and with the stainless steel shell
term of durability and longevity. The stainless
serving as ground. Every iButton product is
steel casing gives iButton a far greater ability
manufactured with unique 8 byte serial number
to survive in a range of temperatures. For e-
and carries a guaranty that no two IButtons
commerce and personal ID usage, iButtons can
have same number. Among the simplest
be mounted on a range of personal accessories:
iButton are memory devices which can hold
watch, ring, key chain, or dog tag and also a
files and directories that can be read and
variety of accessories that are used daily by the
written like small floppy disks. An iButton is a
human being.
microchip similar to those used in smart card

9

Fig 4.4 Types of IButton’s available in the market
4.2.6 Blue Dot Receptor
The read/write operation in the
java ring is done by the blue dot receptor
provided by the RS232 serial port adapter. The
DS1402D-DR8 is a part of the DS1402 series.
It is a 1-Wire network cable designed to
connect any serial or USB 1-Wire port adapter
that has a RJ11 jack with up to two iButtons
simultaneously. The DS1402D-DR8 Blue Dot
receptor cable can touch any iButton for
reading, but can only retain the F5 version
iButtons.
Key Features:-
 Coiled cable for connecting iButtons to
1-Wire networks
 Convenient, off-the-shelf connectivity.
 For momentary (F3/F5 Micro Can) or
dwelled contact (F5 Micro Can only).
 Adhesive pad for mounting on objects.
10
 Supports for up to two iButtons at once.
 Can be used with any EDS host adapter
equipped with a RJ11 jack
 Can be used with any Dallas
Semiconductor port adapter of series
(DS9097E, DS9097U, and DS9490R).
The DS1402 series incorporates four basic
types of connectors, 1-Wire RJ-11, iButton,
Touch-and-Hold Probe, and Blue Dot™
Receptor. The DS1402 series of 1-Wire
network cables provides connectivity for the
iButtons. The cables are designed to connect
any USB, serial or parallel port 1-Wire adapter
to any iButton. Both, the iButton probe cables
and the Blue Dot receptor cables can touch any
iButton, but can only hold the F5 version
iButtons. The DS1402BR8 is the only cable
that connects to the DS1401 iButton Holder.
Application of DS1402-series, 1-Wire network
cables range from software protection and
access control to asset management and the
major thermal monitoring through handheld
computers. IButton and 1-Wire are registered
trademarks of Dallas Semiconductor Corp. The
DS1402D Blue Dot Receptors are iButton
reader/probes that would provide a convenient
pipeline into the PC for an iButton-to-PC
communication. The receptor's cable connects
to a USB, serial or a parallel-port 1-Wire
adapter, whichever type of port you wish to
use. The receptor itself easily affixes to any
accessible spot on the front of the PC. The user
can elect a quick information transfer with a
momentary touch of the iButton to the Blue
Dot. For hands-free operation the iButton can
be snapped into the Blue Dot and remain there.
Each receptor contains two Blue Dots to
accommodate instances where multiple
iButtons are required for a transaction. A
company's policy may, for example, require
both an employee and a supervisor to
authenticate access to sensitive information
stored on a network server.
Fig 4.5 Types of Blue dot receptor’s available in the
market
4.3 Working of Java Ring
Since java ring is programmed
with the applets and the programming is done
according to our application and this will
11
specific for the specific user. All information
of the user is stored in the java ring.
Fig 4.6 Java Ring with Door application
User simply has to press the
signet of the java ring against the blue dot
receptor and the system connected to the
receptor performs the function that the applets
instruct it to.java ring has the user profile and
the same profile is present in the door
embedded system also, when the user press the
signet of the java ring against the java ring
reader which is embedded at the handle of the
door the data is transferred from the ring to
door system. if the profile is authentic means
user is authentic to open the door the applets
president in the ring instruct the door to open.
Information is transferred between iButton and
a PC with a momentary contact, at up to 142K
bits per second. To do that one presses iButton
to the Blue Dot receptor, a $15 pipeline into
PC. The Blue Dot sticks to any convenient spot
on the front of a PC and is cabled to the serial
or parallel port in the back. Postal service has
approved the cryptographic iButton as a Postal
Security Device to be used in its PC Postage
program that allows individuals to download confidential data provides a much higher
postage off the Internet and print it from their degree of data security than that afforded by
own printers. EEPROM memory. The fact that the
communication path between the Crypto
4.4 Security in Java Ring iButton and the outside world is limited to a
single data line provides additional security
The java ring provides very
against hardware attacks by limiting the range
high degree of security for the confidential data
of signals accessible to the hacker. In addition,
that is stored in the NVRAM memory. The
the processor itself is driven by an unstabilized
barrier substrate and the triple layer technique
ring oscillator operating over a range of 10 to
effectively deny access the unauthorized access
20 megahertz, so that the clock frequency of
to the NVRAM confidential data. In the worst
the processor is not constant and cannot be
case if any unauthorized access penetrates the
determined by external means. This differs
barrier the security processor detects it and
from the design of alternative devices in which
immediately the data which is written in the
the processor clock signal is injected by the
NVRAM. The Crypto iButton hardware
reader and is therefore exactly determined by
platform offers a unique set of the special
the host processor. External control of the
features expressly designed to prevent private
clock provides a valuable tool to hackers, since
keys and other confidential information from
they can repetitively cycle such a processor to
being becoming available to hackers. The
the same point in its execution simply by
silicon die containing the processor, ROM, and
applying the same number of clock cycles.
NVRAM memory is metallurgically bonded to
Control of the clock also affords a means to
the barrier substrate through which all
induce a calculation error and thereby obtain
electrical contacts are made. This barrier
information that could ultimately reveal the
substrate and the triple-layer metal
secret encryption keys. A 32-kilohertz crystal
construction techniques that are employed in
oscillator is used in the Java iButton to operate
the silicon fabrication effectively deny access
the time-of-day clock at a constant and well-
to the data stored in the NVRAM. If any
controlled frequency that is independent of the
attempt is made to penetrate these barriers, the
processor clock.
NVRAM data is immediately erased. This
construction technique and the use of NVRAM
for the storage of private keys and other

12
4.4.1 Security through Java Ring in a Billing device, rail,bus,air reservations, vehicle

car monitoring, vehicle location, and all of the

other functions are being done via wireless
communication. The net result of this is a very
inexpensive rental car for local use by residents
and tourists. This will create a new business for
rental car companies competing for business
travelers in the saturated airport rental car
market.
Fig 4.7 Security through Java Ring in a car

4.5 Application of Java Ring

The Sun concept car's security
is based on a Java ring that contains a profile of
The java ring is used initially as
the user. You connect the Java ring to a ring
a rugged portable data carriers. Often in very
receptor in the car, and the car knows, based on
harsh environmental conditions. It is used for
your profile, what you are allowed to do. For
many real world application e.g. for opening
example, a ring given to a mechanic or wallet
the door, in the e-banking application for
allows that person to see the dashboard and
getting the balance in your account. Logging
drive 40 miles per hour within the one block
into your personal computer and providing
radius, but no faster or farther than. In a family
security in your car. The IButton memory
where both the husband and wife drive the car,
devices have been deployed in vast quantities
each has individualized settings, so that when
as rugged portable data carriers, often in harsh
they enter the car, their environments are
environmental conditions. Among the large-
configured to the profiles on their rings. The
scale uses that are as transit fare carriers in
Java rings are authorized through the Personal
Istanbul, Turkey; as maintenance record
Identification Numbers (PINs) so that no one
carriers on the sides of Ryder trucks; and as
can steal a person's ring and run off with the
mailbox identifiers that are inside the mail
car. Sun representatives are also talking to the
compartments of the U.S. Postal Service's
automakers, who are developing the automated
outdoor mailboxes. They are worn as earrings
rental cars. In this potential market, a driver
by cows in Canada to hold vaccination records,
can use his or her ring to access a vehicle and
and they are used by agricultural workers in
simply leave it when done with ought a lock.
many areas as rugged substitutes for timecards.

13

Fig 4.8 Account balance through internet using Java
Ring
This demonstration shows how
an e-banking application (Jini client) tries to
connect to any bank server (Jini service) to
retrieve the current account balance of that
user. Since all bank data must be treated
confidential, the bank server interacts with the
security infrastructure that is installed at the
bank, before it responds to the application
present. The bank’s security infrastructure
demands that is the user must authenticate
him/her-self to get the permission. Therefore
an authentication scheme is started at user side
that asks the user to push her Java Ring on the
Java Ring reader. Inside the Java Ring resides
a Java interpreter that executes cryptographic
routines to perform that task. After the
authentication process on the Java Ring, the
bank knows the identity of the user and that
he/she is really the one, he/she pretends to be.
Then the bank service can send the confidential
and personalized data to the e-banking
application that displays the current account
balance.
14
A few important facts can be
stated about the use of the Java Ring:
 Authentication is most crucial to most
applications, since billing and privacy
is based on it.
 A very easy and a very convenient way
for users.
 It is more secure than using passwords,
since passwords are short or can be
guessed.
 It is easier for the administrators to
maintain the security infrastructure, sin-
ce only password can be forgotten.
 A ring is a personal thing that the user
and only the user carries along him/her
anytime and anywhere, so that he/she
can authenticate him/her-self in every
situation.
 It is also possible to use a tag on the
key ring or a watch instead of a ring.
4.6 Highlights of Java Ring
 Runs Java better (plus portions
enhance Java Card 2.0)
 Careful attention to physical security
(rapid zeroization)
 Durability to stand up to everyday use
 High memory capacity (up to 134K
bytes NV SRAM)
 Retail connectivity to 250 million
existing computers (less if designed-in
before manufacturing)
 Highly secure through the rapid
zeroization method and auto erasing
program on forcible access to the data.
 5. Conclusion
6. Bibliography

[1] Mobile Communications by Jochen Schiller

[2] Blue tooth Connect without Cables Jennifer

Bray and Charles F Sturman

[3] Cellular & Mobile Communications by

Fig 5.1: Digital Watch LEE

The basic idea behind the [4] www.IBM.com

digital jewelry concept is to have the [5] www.howstuffworks.com

convenience of wireless, wearable computers
or phones while remaining fashionably sound.
The Java iButton, therefore, is simply the most
latest and most complex descendant of a long
line of products that have proven they to be
highly successful in the marketplace. With its
stainless steel armor, it offers the most durable
packaging for a class of products that likely
will suffer heavy use and abuse as personal
possessions. The iButton form factor permits
attachment to a wide variety of personal
accessories that includes rings, watchbands,
key fobs, wallets, bracelets, and necklaces, so
the user can select a variation that suits his or
her lifestyle. It is hoped to be marketable soon,
however, several bugs remain. Charging
capabilities and cost are just a sample of the
problems that lurk.

15