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INTRODUCTION-
? For attaining the objectives of an enterprise and to
increase the efficiency and organisational
productivity, employees· whole-hearted efforts ,
contribution and co-operation are very necessary. This
is why good industrial relations must exist between
employers, employees and trade unions. When there is
willing co-operation the industrial relations are
termed to be healthy.
? Industrial relations are not simple, infact they are a
set of functional, inter-dependent complexities that
deal with various economic, social, political etc
variables.
? The Govt. also influences this by enforcing laws, rules,0
policies etc.
INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS IN A NUTSHELL :
ITS ALL ABOUT NEGOTIATIONS«

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CHARACTERISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL
RELATIONS-
^ There are many characteristics or features of
industrial relations which in turn make clear
the nature of industrial relations.
^ Following are the important characteristic
features of industrial relations-

? The concept of industrial relations is dynamic

and developing. It is the relationship between
management and employees, employees and
the organization or employers, employees and
their trade unions and the Government.
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?It is a complex relationship that deals with political,
economical, legal, psychological, social etc. factors. IR
can be affected by the changes in these factors.
?IR does not emerge in vacuum. It is created out of
the relationships in the industrial field. Without the
existence of minimum two parties there can be no IR.
ÿWorkers and their organisation
ÿmanagement of the enterprise
ÿGovt.



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?IR helps improve employer-employee relations,
develops healthy labor management, maintains
industrial peace, avoids conflicts and ensures
growth of democracy.
?IR as a part of HRM is concerned with problems
arising among employees , safeguarding the
interests of people and the study of people in
relation to their work.
?IR includes individual as well as collective
relations.

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?IR is the product arising out of the employment in
the industrial field.
?IR·s can be determined by various factors. These
can be put into 2 main groups, namely- (A)
institutional factors and
(B) economic factors.
?IR·s are subject to positive and negative change ,
depending upon the factors affecting it.

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