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r,t) = V (r,t) = A= - 1

(j'

~LS I~I L.'

"IV (f' , t')

,,:,~IS"~

e.1s'

':?' ..\.,= 1+ 1

~l) I~I • IAI = 1 ~

(scalar)

.oI).~

e: l:J1if;'

Ir <L.J~

"IV

C! l:J1if';)
v (r*,t* )

v ( - r', t')

=-

• (pseudoscalar)

i_,-l...-tj~1

ul,) u~
;)..\.....1:. ~~.

~,)LCI ~I

L!I_,:JIJ~I

e:1_,::J1 ~ ~_,
~~I ~

ili.tb- u~lI
il~1

'l1,JL:;1_, u~1
~I ~I

~I-,'J~ Jl>~lC.1

J..'ak clJ..iI4.liikutil.'l
,,~'11 : ~_,~-(""1'11~.

J3_, , ~I
. ~ --~I
\.oJ..

• ~I

t;j..,:Jl,;:r ~~A;~~I~
(9) • (8)
vV -+

,,~'ll
.~. •
~

j=

ell: 2 Mi (yl«

'V +- 'ati'

-+

+-*)

( 1'5)

p==

ieti
2'Mc
2

(v*·- '

-at

..air'" 'i'-)

at

(16)

wISp
~

J!..r clJJSs , ,,~,;+.CII.)l::' I 4.; IS

A•

J!.r 4J 6-..11

o~

~J

II ~~

...6.:~5 _tl,~, •• :J""J. ;UUI~I. _ 'I

~c..-;;---J

._ ~

U~ _.~
: ~I

-(""I·I~I

~I.@.;;I ~_';;I.t
.)..\.....1:. ~

ull

~_,:;
p

(7) ~I

.)1r=--'11 ,;i,bL... L:...~I

1'),1; • ~I ~I

t.i
.::.,1.A..!J1

J_;JI

wI!)
'1J' ,

.).J.t:crj

J pUaf = c
u~1
;,.J.&,J

(16) , (15)

~1:.:i~1 ~1;

~WI

~';'I

• 4...-J., J'fr"-' .(""11 ..r-::~II __

c- u~1 ".

k..lAr~ v:

'11 ~ .) J;)

_ '0," _

ul~ ~~I
~_;. '11 ~~I
r-f1"" ~

Uk>. ~
~''-'''' (5)

.ci')' if o~
,~l.i;:j

orJl 4S'_pJ1o_fJ ~I
.:"l;.Jt:J.1j:..

L .~

~\I u~JltO IJ
d)">':-

p-W I ~I

~.bWI J_,..\>
• ;~~,

\.:.it; ~.>

~I (5)

LiJ • J.,AAJI LJ ,"::,.,L~ ~.~ ~I p~

~" ~

tU..uI.::.,I.>.-:ub.,

J.~

~bU J-- ~ ~
:~I

v
.iJA

i[(p.r)-

Etlltr ~
(5)

(17 )

~.bWI ~~"~~,

4.bW, j

(17)

jPJl ~~

:~,

E.

p..

=c

.,J. P 2+

Mc

2: 2"

(18 )

i[(p.r)-E
.. (+)=

Al e

tlltf
( 19')

v (-)

== ~

i [ (p. + E t] r) P

/Ii
(20 )

_or -

xe.pE
p= .\ -----

Me

2.\.\

v* y

(21 )

~lii;~,

e ~-'
I~I • ~L... ~-'
L

~l9..u1 .~
p

jOCr- ~4S'.r v ~+) ~JI jO::;.r ~.o_j>V tl,-'f. .::,;I UI

Q •• ··

J.~
J_,kJ1

..~

~l9..u.I~

(-)

J-,L..DtJ.1 J-J-'

.r.:? J.-,-,: ~,J-',) L:-b~l.J

1

"if.">"ttl

~LS .f

,;,,-11c~I ~_;JI ~.1;..i,:L·..J LG..0I

N

n . = 0, -I- 1, -I- 2, ., . ,i= 1, 2, 3 (22)

(23 )

~~~~J~
;U b.

J~JI ~)i.:J1

~ ~ ~.r.-=JI ~

J:f. ~)a:ll

t>"i t>.r,-:II ~_,....ol ~lC}1 -.. .

~ • ~.~I ~:i.b

~.r.-=JI
4.

<J ~
.!J~

'r-=...!J~.

, ,,~ t 19,..ij1 4Y c.rJf4S' J:--' J.1Ar J~ ~~ ~I ~~ ~ ~I ~

WI CO 43 J I.i.l~

JI JI.<W'.JI~,i t>i ..
~

:i:.rJI 4Y
cJ.:>l-,

•~

:q~~1

~~

..k.f j

c~~1 ~._rJ1~

J"

j' ':?' ,

~l •.. ..::JI

~I

itr

OV

at

= Me

(9' -

X)

(24 )

~bWI
_0.( _

~~

ji..6b ji:O.J+-! ~.-'

-2M

b:

\J

(cp

+ X) + Me

cp

(25 )

~:..\....J'

t.l:ll

t!.r' ~
)

x.,,';"

d'~ u~.)WJ .,~ . .1..k

: -b-I J .) _,..,.. ~ _,La... ~ 0'*

.:1.., ~ ~

y "'" ("

(26)

/\.

1'1

= (1
'-,"

1 ) 0 (1

o-

0) 1

.;,i c.

..6" ,i
o

~)J.)

: ;y~ltIl~';jJ
(ib:_'_

::;~'J ~bt....JU
-

~?

1. 2~3 ~,

k,l.

111

~b)ll.1;..'\;'

(25)

u~.)W' ~~
.,(28 )

'otf

)'V =,. 0 ..,

.;.. 00 _

Hf =

(1'3

"

+i

A
71

2)

2i\f+

Me

2'./\

1'3

(29)

k2
1.1

Ca. +

2.2
C

at

2'

Me],+,

24

== 0

~~ ~ ~

.•

(5) (27)

~.)WI ~

(26)

c.l:J1

,y.4..?.r § ~t ~I
(16)

..;::-!i ~I~
(24)

(26)

:i.bWI

i'~~J
~~I
+ /\...

~.)WI

<J
~I

~.)WI

~~~I
P.

:iJt) ~
ra ii'

~l:J1 ~,
(30)

==

e ( rp*1f! - x* x ) = (26)

eY

~l:S ~

J!l4J·
2 M i [,'¥

C!1:lI

~~I

J91)1 ~

: JWJ~ )~I
v

>i+ = (rp*, x*)

:iJ1S ~
+
)

if'

(15)
A

~~I

r=
, ~I

e!i:

+""

T3 (

1'3

,,~
712)

'+' - (.6_,+,

""

1'3 (

1'3'+

iTa) 'i']

(31 )

j;~1

JI.)_,;J

(7) ).1.".:-\'1

~.)l-~t ~L... ~.f,) ~~

OJ''- ~4S.P'"~,

•
'tUJ

L!l:J1 4;J':J~
-

r:! § Js- ~LClI

e 4Q_A1I

• ~,~

~)~\'

e J''+

JI

t"r.-~

cl!,)J

;I.illll..i.ta

~'I;.#!~IJ

- ~,-

V if'·= .

-1/iJ

()

~o ~

e1 [

(p.r) - E t]

/Ii

(33)

(E

i+ Me

) Xo

,= 2'M" (,~+

-p

II

Xo )

==

'.J

p2+

22 Mc

E=±E

flo

E l+ Me (+).= _...:p---2 ~' M~ E P

Me-

s,

E (34 )

Xo (.+) == -----=-p-

(35)

,_,,_.,._,-.. .J<A J

~ l.u_.~ • (32)

. ~_~
M

... ~..r- ;0 ~I
l{r (~)

E=E J.lZj~_,J.1

p'

J :i.Ll4.lt J_,..b.J1

l"_~ v-

~~I

~ ~~I

J~I

rl

J_,bJ1

I)~J&-

~~S)I
Me

L!l:ll ~~
x.o(-)

E ==- E
Me+E
.J

~lf 1~Il.t

<Po (-)

----p-

•-

. __

1>_

(36 )

Ep ~ M;

+.

tM
2

~~I

Y.f
"

~;::JI

~ (,)~.

: U\;jl P 2 V _, ( 2 Me ) = (2C)
V 2 2

f\o(+),....,l

Ix.o (+)1
a

<< 1

:W-)I.
.

0" v-

_,

(37 )

1u.;..1(-)_1_ (~
TV

2 Me

.)

( ....;;.;_.) «.1

- 2c -

. .~

.:1.

'"'II

y~(-)'_' 1

(38) )
I. ·---11 ~~ iI~~

.ciI_) ~

E -~

E-eAo

P-~P-_A

e
c

(39.)

~bUI JI, ;rJl4S'rJI ~I

on ~~,
l.S ~' ~.~

4J.)WI~J.l4:;)l1 ~I ~

~.)-'

~~I

~LQI
A

<J
e

4S'.rJ 4.l!J1~."...DI
J..~I ,,1.r.--4
e
0 '..

p --+ P
.• ..•

i}

i\tJ')'e~')_

"'.~

p.

=-

.»

-ij1,.~- -

'''''ox po.

A (49)
po .

(41 )

_"

~ '2 c

[ilf. ----eAo ot

'.'Cl

.•

, 1'P'- .[(

.Ii.

P- -

e'.I,
0

A) +M

II

'oj ~(42)

_0\_

L!,I~

~_,;

~~I

u~1
if;lI<

~':J ~~

(41)

;U,)WI ~

"it

c.1:l1

~A
~ I_,.

~l:J1 ~b1J1 ~1\.:D....,k.,

C!,I:l-~ ;L-::JJ ,;r (42:). 4.bWI~.r' bl.~..w.

ul ·1'Ir..!.I1L..; l!S' Ja.-r.J.

: ~)W

( 7)
4~

;1....,;:- ~I ;U,)t- ~ ~

'i~1

_;e01 ~,

,).P."~

;l:=J' ~,l:.)s ;Y~~I

eli
2Mi

(v*

--+ :fiJ:

y-

vV

--+

v· ) -

-"it.

eA
Me

l!

'i'

(44)

~It>.

~;1 ~~fl
e gauge » ':f"'~1

J....M-.'I u....:,_, C "1..- ;

L..:.i' u_,..r-11 if_'

~I

~..P.""~' (41) ..l.L-I1 JUI

,

if

e,..,
_,.ol

,:??;~I ~

J.._",..:!I~

.)~I

J..~~ ~ Y .'Ja.:ij

u~~

ft-.e (P ....; -A
II-

p.

)e

i'eG',lfrc,

"it -

ei e G;ltre

(Ap'

--e
C

A'
II-

) .'

...

"-=Ye

, i eG/tfc

cr ...r.f.; ~ ~..b.I)1 u~_p.:J,

~, ~_, • o..l.L,

(41) ;U,)WI ,,~

JI ~,);. ~1.;Jl

~~~ ;b~

(41.) 4bWl~11

J~.~' ~.~

4.!6~1

~~,.,..5~1

~_,:jl <r~IJ:_pd1

ii~~

~-'

• .:,~.".cu~~I
: 4.i)W1

.;p;

....2:c

40\0+

at

('Til

.A)=

(45 )

+ (r.t)

=,

(r,t) e

- iMc t,/tf

(46)

a (itf-eAo)

ot

~ (r,t) ~ e

•• fMc t}tf
Siaa-Ao
itf-

x[M.c

I•

-2Mc

eAo +2Mc

at

- iei1

at

]"

X[

t _2 e (~
e

.1\.2

.p )

+~
c

A2

'+ i :11:

'V • A) 1"

A)-'~ ~bl.a.. I J-_,.:.:i (45) i'~l-, J ~~ ..~ <J ~'~~.iJ~

.,Pe ii'l-=[--09'
1\ J

(42) ~

,:~:bWI~l. ~~
~~,

~.6?"
ee
.2

~I.;f
( 47)

at

2M

Me

A.P)I+

"

--2A

+eAo1'9'

2Mc

-."

1 --;- ( E-

eAo)

ir (r)= [P

A~

7( A " p, 1--;- A +
c
Mel
! •

2e

A.

eJ

.+

i'

(r)

( 49 )

:~:>W~
p

4.!~~1

~14.!\:5'"~

(48)

~.:fo··U .:..'JbiJr~

= e[E - e Me
:I

Ao1. '. -1:.111*

(i;!,,",-'EJ'>/.'e,Ao ..

L.t ~
ji:J1 ~ (j~ ~

. e;~1

~)L!.\Ai~~~)L!.)'~F ~ eAo
(49)

~ ,·"'c••. }j'o").!i:Ul!Cl1 o)L!.1~~ !

~A ~.ill
I f _,~

~lC\!~~\~1 4S.r
t.r)..\.:.....

~ I;~",,'

~JWI';;I.,,;JI ~~,
ze -; r

t,; I:,t; •.i,).ilI,o.I'; ~'~:YL... ~

;U.)WI il~1

I> E id ~~I ;;p;~~.~l~

~A.L.~
J•

';1S" ~)

~,i e

~..P

s
Ai== 0

eAo=-

[ (E ·r

+ -)

ze

224

Mc

t{

2.2

'M'

v' '] T

(r) == .0

'i' (r)=

1 r- Rl

(r) Y 1m (

- ~,,-

e , 9' )

I·,_"", -" .",'

dr
2

d2

l(l+I)

'

- ~a:

22

,.',

"'+
2

2za:E tfcr

"
2

:.I

M c -E t1 c
2' 2

4,

]R (r) == ,()
I

(51)

a_

':~C

=-

ft == -----

4(M

24

c - E)

:2

tf c

2 :I

(52)

l (Z+ 1) - z [-+----~----4 2 p 2 dp p
~ A

,2 2
(l'

]R._ = 0 (53) -1

.\ ==

2zaE tfcp

>0
(53)

(54)

4bl..... Jl

J...:t _;:J

4J~WI

~'Rl

= p S+ 1 W (p)

e- p/2 ~~-'
: ~J

W (P)

p-

flaW

Sp

+ (2 S + 2 -

dW p) Qp

+ (.\ -

s - 1 ) W'= 0 (55)

s (s+

1) ==

Z( Z

+ 11 ) +

t• a

(56 )

(p) = F ( - A.

s.+ 1 • 2. s

2 ,p)

<S~ I :u.....L. ~ ft iJ,. ~ -,..a;:it .1,.:v.J .p ~oo

t.~.

V-

~b

~I'

( 57 )

R l ~1 ....
e, ~

<!L.l~

~::<:fJJ , .)J~ .)J~.;:;s

~-iS -

if 0J~

(57)

,!,"",41

J~ t. \:.:.II4} :~A.)i~

1=

V'=

0,1,2,

(58)

;
/

Z = 0, 1,2,

(59)

E= -------------

Me

(60)

E=MC[l----

ZOo

__

Za

4 'l

2n2

2n·

l+

_!_
2

--)+
4

... }

(61)

(61)

~_,..;=:.

~}I

~_,....ol

.>-L-,JI ~

n=

+I+
~'(52)

1~ ~

ZOo

J3 = ---

2ZMe

nti
.. ..~.H L

1..' (. ~
2

~_,ul
'%2 2

ullall

(61) :;].>.Wl ~

J.J':;l1

~I

J=..:
:~ljl

MCZ 2n
2

-MZ e ·--=E 2 n tl:

2 2

n
M

,~ ~

~ ~~p. --;_,_,:-.,~';J--k- ~ §
02 2

:\l5 ~

4.9lk ~

: ~\!II ~IIJ
En Z
n

6 E= nl

.,3,

"l4'O -

r l+-2'
1]

(63 )

* ..*

_+ at

op

'Vj=o
~L;~I

t.~
0 ,I

~i
= [0

_~
10 1]

1"1

= [1 0 ] ;
] :~

1"2

[i

-i

0];

1"3

= [0 ..... ] 1

v = [:

Hf ::
OV

= Hv

:tbWI JI ~i()~).,i 0'!.~:tbl... ~i

x

cP

1 b ---{(ir---)

V 2'-

me
t

a"-4.

V~

(-.rr+--) me 0"-4.

H=

-....!!- ( "'3 + i 12) 2m

'Vi +

m; "'3
:0_rJ1 ~
;U.)la.. .)i

~ ~ J-k ~

-.:r.-!II r..~ ~~~J : ~)W ~ ~r.-=JI ':t~1

+
e Ao
ti c
22
1I 2

~i

-~

lC:l' ~

u.-y

(0 _ kt

2-Ao-)v(r,t)

ie ti

at

=0

* .. *

4b~ .

ot...tt':>· .U" ail.r ~ It ~ ..~ ~J;~" !Il ,....... u<"l ..• .. ;--

,~:)!b;..

Jk>- ~
~

..b.1J'

:0_rJ~LilJ , il:.:.:.ll ~'\J\'I

.iJA ~1
t,)tll

~)..l:....

j-J-lA:.:.l1 ~ ..I.. ,~
~.J{

N
~Ul

~ft L...\.:.:.
~~ if.')k.ll

o.)..\.a:A ..::.,~

:iJb. ~

~J

~1

~J

'::"~I~;

c.,_;l) I'>l;, J~\'I . ~)I

:.t- ~1&.'11;lJb;...)1 ~clJ'>J ~.

~..r"

, I.. ~
..::.,l... ~ll ~I

J .::.:~I .. ...
..::.,~ _,--JI
I ,(" •..
~

tj_,:J1 ~L; , ..~I cr J..

L~ )4.1~;~
. .rl iJA J'

~.", c_-;;----

1i".1:.i::.I1 JI;W\'
~

i.)'~I

J).\>. ~
. -··1 ~..r"..
~)I ~

.Pw ..::.,L..-::o.Jl
M ..."

..::.,~19...u1 ..::.,LJI,..b.\'
..::.,~I
J~

l:5" ~(" ,)Ujl

1'>1

1&11 1:.:11~l:5" :iJbJl

..::.,I&...r"

..:...i\S"

1..' ,

t..

n )' o.lA J ..
iJA

(V/C)2

~I

~ "::"~I

c.. ..:::-

\'1 ~,

~\..i:.:J1

Jii.:.!. ~~I

JWI

')';"i;~i

~.

lA£.c, ,,_,...aJ1 ~..r" ..::.,~I

~ J"

. ~ ,;;--- '-I"4 \')~~..Y-';.'" r.

,~~19-\iIJ

...

..::.,LJI-b.1JI :i.!L.;.1

..

• ~_.rJ1

.::.,~ J')

( 1)

.::.,YI..b-l' '.:r.-1'J

t-!ib

_y.." '::"~I

,~

~I..i:ll
~

~,\:CI4;1bJ1

<:.»..ul t19-\i'1I~,

J"l4::J1 ;;.

;;.

)..l.iilI.IJ •

4u~1

- ,\

a (ih--'y

at

" H)y
(1)

=0

. (2)

~)I

c.tJ1 ~~.

~I_'

~j-1l

c.tr

4.;)W~ ~I ~ • ~l L"-)I

.).~l,.

;J.. >" Ii
~j!~

.:;...>

yo _" ~I."

~yl...b.l_' ~I_' }:.=>l <-;>

'lhfJ-i

d.;UH/

clJ~_, ~l::.~.Ai'1\)
I~!--J

(m

m ,i
i

1,""",N)

:i........lS.l:,. ~I

~ ~~-:Jl

c-:.~"::"'il) l,.._w;. , ;;Y.. L.:..

~~
l -' k

J..~
~I

l>...\.J i.>... L, (I ~~
~i)~

(,.JJ..

.).J~

..r.f- ':? 1
\

....

1.9jJiJ~I ~ ~i~1

;;'JI

joj

.~!

J;' ~~ ~)_,~~I

JW .1~ .~
1•

~.J'

: i.5' IJ.....\..:11 J.JA~.. "" "

Pk1 jA)~ H ~~ _ (,.

(3)

j t~'11 ..

tJ.,) L; .

~kl _, If

U_J~

.s

s ~t I ~, L., s
•

• ~_pJ1 ~I_;~

_ v. -

A.

Pl,2 Y (1,2)

= AY 0,2)

(4)

;;tI j"J
:~

J,k-

d.fb ~

if
(4)

~_;..i ~f J.,~:-=JI;.J!

4bWI

(5)

P1>'2

"

'It

(1,2) =

(2,1)

,\2

== 1

:..w

P1,'2

"i'

(1,2) ="+'

(1,2)

(6)

\:.l~ A = - 1 ~1,jJ1 ~

J litl

'It

a (1,2)

-j'ljJl

~ l:J1 ~,

LS

: w~L
P1,2 v
1\

, U .r: J .)WI J;L:.:JI($~ .,

(1,2) = -

'It

(1,2)

..- V\ -

\~

~J

~L...':ll ~I
I~" ~ y-

.)I~;·

4...:,.. Y' ~ _.

4.L.::J .'

:uc...:.ll

~ ... Y~.r! I" u..... Y. -~:uGI ~I ~ O.)..p.") 1w~l~

w \..,.._..;,.J I if.>J.:ur _.
wL-....:Jlx ... d' ~1_, 0~~; .

~~.~

~I.:~~ l.J,. ~1.:~l4.l1 ~i;:. l.;:1\

w I.--:J I .J.. W' .. . .

lS

w~Jj~~

~..,s::;

.. oj;b 6".)\....a.. j;1..:rwb

• ~~ >:;4

j ,,~ "jJ! I...! ..::_,~

,~

~~

~ ~~ ~

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