Second generation computers became smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy efficient and more reliable. A) The Size started to go down with the improvement in the integerated circuits. B) It reduced The Size and price of the computers at the time.
Second generation computers became smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy efficient and more reliable. A) The Size started to go down with the improvement in the integerated circuits. B) It reduced The Size and price of the computers at the time.
Second generation computers became smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy efficient and more reliable. A) The Size started to go down with the improvement in the integerated circuits. B) It reduced The Size and price of the computers at the time.
1. Nyatakan satu ciri komputer pada zaman sebelum 1940-an? pada 17 Julai 2010 (Sabtu – a) Bersifat mekanikal Kuliah ganti Cuti Raya mengikut jadual waktu hari Isnin. b) Lambat c) Fungsi yang terbatas 2. Nyatakan dua ciri komputer pada setiap generasi (4 generasi). Generasi Pertama: a) Menggunakan tiub vakuum bagi mengatasi masalah mekanikal yang lambat. b) Fungsi yang khusus bagi satu komputer c) Solve one problem a one time d) Relied on cryptic binary machine language e) Magnetic drum for memory f) Expensive to operate g) Using great deal of electricity h) Generate a lot of heat i) Often malfunction j) Input – Punch Card dan Paper Tape, Output - printouts k) Example ENIAC and UNIVAC Generasi Kedua: a) The invention of Transistors (1947 invented, 1950s widespread used) b) One of the other benefits to the programming group was that the second generation replaced Machine language with the assembly language (instruction was given in words). Example was FORTRAN and COBOL. c) Transistor was far more superior hence computer become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy efficient and more reliable. d) Second generation computers also started showing the characteristics of modern day computers with utilities such as printers, disk storage and operating systems. Many financial information was processed using these computers. e) Input – Punch Card dan Paper Tape, Output - printouts f) First computer to store their instruction in memory (magnetic drum magnetic core) g) Computer were develop for the atomic energy industry. Generasi Ketiga a) The Intergreated Circuit(IC) was invented in 1958 by Jack Kilby. Transistors was placed on silicon chip, called semiconductors. b) the operating systems allowed the machines to run many different applications. These applications were monitored and coordinated by the computer's memory c) User interacted with keyboard, monitor, interfaced with and Operating System d) Able to run many different applications at one time e) Fisrt time accessible to mass audience because smaller & cheaper Generasi Keempat a) The Size started to go down with the improvement in the integerated circuits. Very Large Scale(VLSI) and Ultra Large scale(ULSI) ensured that millions of components could be fit into a small chip.Advent of microprocessor (Thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip) b) It reduced the size and price of the computers at the same time increasing power, efficiency and reliability c) The continued improvement allowed the networking of computers for the sharing of data. Local Area Networks(LAN) and Wide Area Network(WAN), were potential benefits, in that they could be implemented in corporations and everybody could share data over it. Soon the internet aand World Wide Web appeared on the computer scene and formented the Hi-Tech revolution of 90's. d) Menggunakan bahasa pengaturcaraan peringkat tinggi. Generasi Kelima dan seterusnya a) Based on artificial intelligence b) Parallel processing c) Nano technology d) Using natural language as an input 3. Berikan 4 ciri komputer pada masa kini? a) Berupaya melaksanakan pelbagai tugasan serentak (multi tasking & multi threading) b) Mempunyai unsur-unsur kepintaran buatan (fuzzy logic) c) Kepelbagaian bentuk, murah dan bersepadu (fungsi) d) Mudah dan mesra pengguna. 4. Terangkan apa yang dimaksudkan dengan Hak cipta, Rahsia Dagang dan Paten? a) Hak cipta – merupakan satu bentuk perlindungan yang diwujudkan bagi menjadi harta intelek atau gagasan idea (hasil penulisan, karya atau kajian). b) Paten – merupakan satu bentuk perlindungi bagi menjaga hasil inovasi/rekaan bagi sesuatu produk atau perkhidmatan. c) Rahsia dagang – merupakan satu bentuk perlindungan bagi merahsiakan / menyimpan sesuatu kod (sama ada program atau strategi perniagaan). 5. Berikan satu contoh & huraian penggunaan komputer dalam bidang: a. Pendidikan i. Mewujudkan portal pembelajaran berpusat, perpustakaan digital dan juga kolaborasi pendidikan. ii. Penyampaian bahan pengajaran lebih menarik dan memudahkan pemahaman dengan menggunakan elemen multimedia. iii. Bahan pembelajaran kendiri, seperti cd-rom interaktif dsbnya. b. Perniagaan i. Iklan perniagaan, perkhidmatan atau operasi sesuatu syarikat yang bersifat globalisasi. ii. B2B dan B2C trading. c. Perubatan i. Alatan untuk diagnos pesakit ii. Tele perubatan iii. Penyimpanan rekod pesakit yang membolehkan capaian global tetapi sulit. iv. WebCanser dsbnya. d. Pentadbiran dan pengurusan i. Mengurus dan menyimpan maklumat kaki tangan ii. Menyebarluaskan operasi / perkhidmatan tanpa batasan sempadan dan waktu. iii. Menguruskan pengambilan tenaga kerja (jobstreet) 6. Nyatakan secara umum 4 kelebihan penggunaan komputer pada masa kini jika dibandingkan dengan cara konvensional. a. Berkebolehan untuk menyimpan, mengedit, menyisih maklumat atau data. b. Tiada batasan sempadan waktu dan geografi c. Bersifat globalisasi d. Memudahkan capaian maklumat / maklumat di hujung jari anda. e. Memiliki sifat-sifat kecerdikan yang berupaya memberi gambaran pengguna (Data mining) f. Mudah dan mesra pengguna.