V 1990s Kris Pester.

V Dreamt of a future in which people will

sprinkle the surface of the earth with
countless tiny sensors.
V Idea was to monitor the earth·s climate on a
real time basis.

Ã
Ã
  
V ñ tiny dust size device with extra-ordinary
capabilities.
V Often called Ê

Ê




V dombines sensing, computing, wireless
communication capabilities
V autonomous power supply within volume of
only few millimeters.
V Ão small and light in weight that they can
remain suspended in the environment like
an ordinary dust particle.
V The air currents can also move them in the
direction of flow.
V It is very hard to detect the presence of the
Ãmart Dust and it is even harder to get rid of
them once deployed.
Ã
Ã
  
 ÃÃ
 
Ã
Ã
 Ã
Ã
 



 ÃÃ
Ã
ÃÃ

Ã


Ã
Ã
  
V Device on left hand side contains a microprocessor, temperature sensor, light
sensor, 900 MHz radio, battery
V On the right: a microprocessor, 4 sensors and laser pointer
V Ã

V Ôatteries ~1 J/mm3
V dapacitors ~1J/mm3
V Data stored in à ñM
V Ãolar cells present for supply of power
V 6 
V Digital control :nw
V ñnalog circuitry :nj/sample
V dommunication: nj/bit

Ã
Ã
  
ñ single Ãmart Dust mote has:
V a semiconductor laser diode and MEMS beam
steering mirror for active optical transmission
V a MEMS corner cube retro-reflector for passive
optical transmission
V an optical receiver

V a signal processing and control circuitry

V a power source based on thick-film batteries and

solar cells.
V domprises of three mutually perpendicular
mirrors of gold-coated poly-silicon.
V Has the property that any incident ray of light
is reflected back to the source provided that it
is incident within a certain range of angles
centered about the cube·s body diagonal.
V The micro-fabricated dd includes an
electrostatic actuator that can deflect one of
the mirrors at kilohertz rates.
V Thus the external light source can be
transmitted back in the form of modulated
signal at kilobits per second.
ŒÃ
  !"#$ %##&'''(!')%*%##Ã*%+",$&
-'.'%)')'+/0.'1
ŒÔ

 D&&''(!'$*%##2,%'+03+'')%*%('
%$)$ .'/&1
Π

'3#%!)/,%'+0)$%)$3$)1
ΠP
 '3#$0*')%)'43')('% %+1
Œ PHÃ
Ã

 +$'!$)%/%))%"+'%)(%)%#*1
ŒP   3/+%)/%)+'')/*%)"%##0)$'+%,#'1

Ã
Ã
  
Π2 methods
ΠPassive communication
Œ ñctive communication

Ã
Ã
  
 
ÃÃ5

5

Ã
Ã

 
 V ñdTIVE
V semiconductor diode,
collimating lens, beam steering
micro mirror
V domparatively high power
usage
V Used only for short duration
V Inter mote communication
present
V Long range ~ tens of km
V Higher bit rates ~ few mbps
V Ôase station commands &
wake up the motes
Ã
Ã
V PñÃÃIVE
V Uses corner cube retro reflector
(dd

V Low power consumption
V dan be used for longer
duration
V Inter mote communication
absent
V Ãhort range ~150 m
V Lower bit rates ~ few kbps
V Motes transmit periodic
information automatically by
dd to base station

 
MILITñ 
V Ãtealthy monitoring of hostile environments

V Perimeter surveillance/ Locality Monitoring

V dhemical or biological monitoring

V Identification of friend or foe

dIVILIñ
· Meteorological and geophysical monitoring
· Monitor air conditions and room temperature.
· Habitat monitoring (monitoring the behavior of
animals in their natural habitat
.
· Factory and Process ñutomation.

Ã
Ã
  
 Œ Out of ñE VIÔ ñTIOà I
IDUÃT IñL EQUIPMETÃ TO dñTdH
MñUFñdTU I DEFEdTÃ
ŒHOÃPITñL MOITO I OF PñTIET
MOVEMETÃ /MOITO I THE
ELDE L WHILE ñLLOWI F EEDOM
OF MOVEMET
ŒEVI OMETñL MOITO I

ŒT ñFFId ÃEÃO à I U Ôñ ñ EñÃ

ŒMOITO POWE dOÃUMPTIO OF
HOUÃEHOLD ñPPLIñdEÃ
ŒdOÃMETIdà dOMPñ MOITO I
Wñ EHOUÃE HUMIDIT
ŒMEñÃU I ÃT UdTU ñL ITE IT
OF ñ ÔUILDI
 Monitoring onboard machinery

ŒPurpose : predict machine failure

ŒImplementation : 160 motes near

ship·s pumps , compressors and
engines
ŒMotes looks for unusual vibrations
or motion

Œdhallenge: harsh machine

environment
HP-Hewlett Packard
V Plans to deposit smart dust around the world in next two
years.
V Match box sized sensors, not grain sized as envisioned by
Pister.
V Project named ´dentral ervous Ãystem for the Earth.µ

V Ãystem will:
Πdheck the health of the ecosystem
ΠDetect earthquakes.
ΠPredict traffic patterns.
ΠMonitor energy usage.

Ã
Ã
  
 Forest fire detection
ŒImplementation : drop smartdust
from an airplane
ŒMotes self-organize into a
network
Usage
Ζ mote that detects a fire notifies
central monitoring station
ŒThe mote·s location is the
approximate location of the fire
&'*%3&$.)/&'/'$/+%3&!%##$!%$) $+&'*$'$+$33')+%6 $+"+('##%)!'
"+)/.%+1 %))'"+('##%)!'%#*$*3$,#'

Ã
Ã
  
Œ WI ELEÃà ÃÃTEMà dOÃT 30% LEÃà THñ WI ED ÃÃTEMÃ
Œ Pñ ÔñdK TIME OF 3 Eñ Ã
Œ LIHTI dOMME dIñL ÔUILDIà I THE UITED ÃTñTEà dU ETL
dOÃUMEÃ ñÔOUT 3.7 QUñD ILLIO ÔTUÃ (Ô ITIÃH THE MñL UITÃ
OF
P IMñ  EE 
Œ Ô
  Ô EÃTIMñTEÃ, IF ÔUILDIÃ dOULD ñUTOMñTIdñLL DIM
ELEdT Id LIHTÃ I DñLIT ÃPñdEÃ, MO E THñ HñLF ñ QUñD ILLIO
ÔTUÃ dñ ÔE ÃñVED WHIdH IÃ ñ WHOOPI 14% ÃñVI
Œ I ÔE KELE dñMPUà ITÃELF ,THE WOULD ÔE ÃñVI ñÔOUT $900,000 ñ
Eñ I ELEdT IdIT dOÃTÃ ñD ÃñVI >5% POWE
Œ THE EÃEñ dHE à Ãñ ñ E dñPñÔLE OF dUTTI dñLIFO IñÃ
ñUñL ELEdT IdIT ÔILL Ô $5 ÔILLIO TO $7 ÔILLIO
Œ THEÃE ETWO Kà ñ E ELIñÔLE TO ÃOME EXTET ñD HñVE ñ LIFE
THñT dñ ÔE EXTEDED Ô EÃEñ dH
Œ ÔñÃIdñLL EÃEñ dH Ià OI O ñT Ô
  Ô

Ã
Ã
  
Œ THE ÃIZE OF THEÃE DUÃT MOTEà Ià ÃO ÃMñLL THñT ITà P EÃEdE
dñOT ÔE DETEdTED VIÃUñLL
Œ IT Mñ HIDE P IVñd ñD PEOPLE MIHT ñLWñà ÔE ñF ñID THñT
ÃOMEOE IÃ MOITO I THEM
Œ THE dOÃT OF THEÃE MOTEà Ià QUITE HIH
Œ MOTEà Mñ ETE EÃPI ñTO  O ñà ñD Mñ dñUÃE ÃE IOUÃ
HEñLTH T OUÔLEÃ
Œ THE WID ÔO E MOTEà ( MñPLE ÃEEDÃ
ñ E EñÃIL ÔLOW ñWñ Ô
ñ ÃT O UÃT OF WID ÃO THE ñ E KID OF UÃE ñD TH OW ITEMÃ
ÔUT THE ñ E dHEñPE .(ITÃ DEVELOPI TEdHOLO

Œ THE E Ià ñ POÃÃIÔILIT OF UÃED Ô PEñdE HñTE Ã.

Ã
Ã