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Within a short span of the last five-six years, the use of cosmetics by
Indian consumers has increased significantly with more and more
women and men taking greater interest in personal grooming, increasing
disposable incomes, changing life styles, influence of satellite television
and greater product choice and availability.
Beauty is skin deep« and sure enough Lakme understand it like no one
does .Today brand lakme stand strong as one of the 100 most powerful
brands and right fully so ,for it¶s µthe¶ brand that lights up the face of
million girls ,everyday. It¶s a brand that inspire, motivate and infuses
confidence Colours , shades, brushes and tones to beautify , have been
the core attribute of the products. The challenge which the cosmetic
industry has to break was the negative connotation of ³being
fashionable¶¶.Though the brand missed out on during the past year
despite having roped top brand ambassadors is that it scored low on
promotional gauge. In the following project we basically seeks to
provide experiential marketing solutions to a brand (Lakme) .We also
gauge into reasons that why Lakme¶s position as market leader was
threatened when international majors like Revlon and Maybelline
entered the fray in the mid-90s.The research process was entailed by
visiting lakme outlets in noida ,which includes the response received
from target audiences(Min age 19yrs- Max -45yrs) via through
questionnaire for deeper insights.
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''Lakmé is at the forefront of product-innovation. Almost everyone has a
Lakmé-something in their (cosmetics) collection,'' said Mumbai-based
fashion choreographer 7
.
.
#^'#
igh priestess of sacred Indian temple meets English army officer who's
unwittingly strayed into holy ground. They fall in love. Her orthodox
father vows vengeance... That's the story of Lakmé, a 19th century opera
written by Frenchman Leo Delibes, from which Simone Tata borrowed
the name Lakmé (French for Lakshmi, the name of the priestess).
Even with a 20 percent average growth rate, the per capita consumption
of cosmetics is very low in India. Current per capita expenditure on
cosmetics is approximately US$ 0.68 cents as compared to US$ 36.65 in
other Asian countries. 919
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The skin care market in India is estimated at US$ 180 million. Within
the last decade, this segment has seen many consumers slowly shift from
the mass to the premium end of the market.
8
= 8
. In the
skin-care segment, price and volume played an equal role in value
growth. Moisturizing lotions, fairness creams and face cleansers are the
popular categories in the skin-care segment and account for
approximately 60 percent of the skin-care segment. The major players in
this segments are Lakme, Ponds, Fair & Lovely of the HUL group with a
50 percent market share, followed by players such as J.L. Morison that
markets the Nivea range of products in India, Godrej and Revlon.
Penetration levels of international cosmetics brands in India are still low.
Foreign brands currently constitute only 20 percent of the market. A
major reason for low penetration of international brands can be
attributed to high pricing. These companies initially gained sales on their
international brand image, however, repeat purchases were not
forthcoming and to retain their sales growth, several foreign companies
reformulated price strategies to tap the large Indian middle class. Urban
women in the middle and upper income groups in the age range of 23-50
is the target group for international brands, as this group looks for better
products and is willing to pay a premium for international quality
products. Industry estimates suggest that there are close to 10 million
such women in India.
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The research is based on:-
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1)åuestionnaire
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Internet
Company Reports& Broachers
Magazines
Newspapers Articles &journals
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All these factors were the prime criterion for selecting (Which brand??),
Short listing and ranking (level of trustworthiness? or most favoured )
which had helped us for identifying the winner in cosmetics industry.
7
1 Help in building a positive association with people thereby
enhancing brand personality
!#!
In the classical tests of significance, two kinds of hypothesis are used the
null hypothesis and the alternate hypothesis. Null hypothesis ( Ho) is
used for testing. It is the statement that no difference exists between the
parameter and the statistic being compared. Second is Alternative
hypothesis
(HA) is alternative hypothesis is alternative hypothesis which holds that
there has been a change.
Hypothetical testing can be viewed as a six steps procedure;
Establish a null hypothesis
Choose the statistical test on the basis of assumption about the
population distribution and measurement level
select the desired level of significance
Parametric and non parametric tests are applicable under various
conditions like parametric operates with the interval and ratio data
and are preferred when their assumptions can be met. Non
parametric tests do not require stringent assumptions about the
population distribution and are less useful with less nominal and
ordinal values.
In this report our null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis are stated
below:
^ ! ^' !#,
7
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Research is exploratory when you use no earlier model as a basis of your
study. The most usual reason for using this approach is that you have no
other choice. Normally you would like to take an earlier theory as a
support, but there perhaps is none, or all available models come from
wrong contexts.
!
8
Half a century ago, as India took her steps into freedom, Lakme, India's
first beauty brand was born. At a time when the beauty industry in India
was at a nascent stage, Lakme tapped into what would grow to be
amongst the leading, high consumer interest segments in the Indian
Industry - that of skincare and cosmetic products. Armed with a potent
combination of foresight, research and constant innovation, Lakme has
grown to be the market leader in the cosmetics industry. Lakme today
has grown to have a wide variety of products and services that cover all
facets of beauty care, and arm the consumer with products to pamper
herself from head to toe. These include products for the lips, nails, eyes,
face and skin, and services like the Lakme Beauty Salons.
In 1995, Lakmé Ltd (a Tata Group company) and HLL formed a 50:50
venture Lakmé Lever that would market and distribute Lakmé's
products. In 1998, Lakmé sold its brands (and the 50 per cent it owned
in the JV) to HLL, renamed itself Trent and entered a different business
(retail). Only, the years between 1995 and 2000 saw HLL wrestling with
several issues with a bearing on Lakmé's future. A brand that has over 5
decades talked of beauty is none other than Lakmé. Launched in 1952, it
offered a range of cosmetics with nail polishes & lipsticks from the early
80¶s. Lakmé also understands the importance of maintaining and
accentuating a women¶s natural beauty, for this it has introduced a range
of skincare products from 1987. These ranges have been constantly
innovated to bring specialized beauty care and complete the range for
the definitive women.
A brand that has over 5 decades talked of beauty is none other than
Lakmé. Launched in 1952, it offered a range of cosmetics with nail
polishes & lipsticks from the early 80¶s. Lakmé also understands the
importance of maintaining and accentuating a women¶s natural beauty,
for this it has introduced a range of skincare products from 1987. These
ranges have been constantly innovated to bring specialized beauty care
and complete the range for the definitive women.
Chopra accepts that distribution has been the company's Achilles heel
for some time: ''The supply-chain hasn't been as robust as it should have
been, but that has been the result of our efforts to reposition and
reintroduce the brand.'' The positioning bit, although complex, is clear:
Ponds is Lever's primary skincare brand; Lakmé, its aspirational colour
cosmetics brand, which also has a presence in skincare.
The 'aspirational' qualification would mean Lakmé would compete at
what the company terms the 'upper-mass' (premium) end of the colour
cosmetics spectrum (products priced between Rs 85 and Rs 250) where a
slew of competitors, ranging from Revlon (through Modi Revlon) to
Chambor, are already slugging it out. Says Meghna Modi, 26, Executive
Director, Modi Revlon: ''The numbers say it all. According to ORG-
MARG's retail audit, we have an 84 per cent share of the premium end
of the colour cosmetics market.'' Chopra is quick to rubbish this claim;
he says ORG-MARG does not have a representative sample of the
60,000 outlets through which colour cosmetics are sold in India.
Still, it is conceivable that Lakmé's new-found aspirational strategy
could have been brought about by competitors like Revlon and
Maybelline, which targeted this segment. Indeed, the company's non-
transfer lip-colour range follows in the wake of Maybelline's launch of a
similar range, and its new nail-enamel colours come soon after
Maybelline and Revlon launched their nail-enamel range. The
company's defense is that it takes at least 15 months from the
conceptualization to the actual launch of products.
And fashion consultants like Meher Castelino believe the brand
commands an edge at the high-end: ''By appropriating the fashion
platform for itself, Lakmé has entrenched itself at the glamour-end.''
!) !#!Bc
!
8:
ñlocal brand of specific relevance to India.
ñStrong R&D capability, well linked with business.
ñIntegrated supply chain and well spread manufacturing units.
ñAbility to deliver Cost Savings.
ñAccess to Unilever global technology capability and sharing of
best practices from other Unilever
)
:
ñPrice positioning in some categories allows for low price
competition.
ñVarying quality range in its products.
ñFalling åuality of Lame salons
:
ñBrand growth through increased consumption depth and frequency
of usage across all categories.
ñUpgrading consumers through innovation to new levels of quality
and performance.
ñBuilding brand image by collaborating with top designers in
Lakme Fashion week
:
ñAggressive price competition from local and multinational players.
ñSpurious/counterfeit products in rural areas and small towns.
ñNon Existence of brand image in long Run
8 89
Lakmé has a wide range of products in color cosmetics that bring visible
results. To add to this vast repertoire is a range of specialized skin care
products for the discerning women. Keeping skin looking healthy and
glowing is also a part of looking great. Lakmé provide the complete
package with the skin care range and the wide range of colors to spice
up the look.
From the spicy shades to the flattering look, Lakme offers a range of
products in the face, lips, eyes and nail segment for the beauty
aficionados.
*
Lakmé Enrich Lipcolor - . Perfecting Definition Lip Pencil - Starshine
Lipgloss - Glosses in lustrous shades available in 14 shades.
From dramatic to natural look- a wide range of products are on offer to
create the perfect eyes.
1.Lakmé Kajal:
2.Lame Insta Eyeliner eyelids
3.Lakme Lakmé Shimmer Eye Cube:
True Wear Nail Enamel -Nail Enamel with Lacquer-like finish. Contains
resins and silicone with colour lock technology that gives brilliant long
lasting shine
!
For radiant skin Lakmé is there to pamper your skin with specialized
products for the diva in you.
8
Strawberry Silk Splash Face Wash , Lakmé Fundamental Deep Pore
Cleansing Milk -
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!
The range comprises of lotions to keep your skin healthy and younger
looking.
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Chairman: Harish Manwani
CEO and Managing Director: Douglas (Doug) Baillie
Director, Finance and IT: D. Sundaram
(abbreviated to ), formerly
, is India¶s largest consumer products
company and was formed in 1933 as -#
. It
is currently headquartered in Mumbai India and its 41,000 employees
are headed by Harish Manwani, the non-executive chairman of the
board. It is Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) Industry that
includes detergents, soap, shampoo deodorant, toothpaste, and other
personal care items, and cosmetics HUL's personal care brands include
soap brands such as Lux, Lifebuoy, Liril, Breeze, Dove, Pear's, and
Rexona; shampoos and hair coloring brands including Sunsilk Naturals
and Clinic; skin care brands Fair & Lovely and Pond's; and oral care
brands Pepsodent and Close-Up. The company's cosmetic line is led by
the Lakme brand. HUL also produces a line of Ayurvedic personal and
healthcare items under the Ayush brand. In addition to the FMCG
segment, HUL has developed a line of food items, primarily under the
Kissan and Knorr Annapurna brands, as well as the ice cream brand
Kwality Wall's.
$#!#
To earn the love and respect of India, by making a real difference to
every Indian.. HLL follows its parent company¶s mission to ³add vitality
to life´. They strive to meet everyday needs of nutrition, hygiene, and
personal care products that help people ³feel good, look good, and get
more out of life´.
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With respect to distribution related activities like sales and marketing,
HLL is second to none in pushing the boundaries of what is possible
financially, structurally, and logistically. Beyond its pioneering work
FMCG distribution, the company has sought to instill in its customers an
elevate sense of brand experience while simultaneously providing
greater and more varied access to its products as well as improved
clarity to its communications. New initiatives include raising brand
visibility through in-store promotions, store-based product facilitators,
and self-service. HLL has enabled an even further level of
personalization and brand experience in the direct sales arena with its
ground-breaking ºindustan UniLever Network, having amassed an army
of consultants 250,000 strong with access to 80 % of city dwelling
Indians.
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The current size of the Indian cosmetic market is approximately US$
600 million. Of this, the fastest growing segment is color cosmetics,
accounting for around US$ 60 million of the market. Industry sources
estimate a rapid growth rate of 20 percent per annum across different
segments of the cosmetics industry reflecting an increasing demand for
all kinds of beauty and personal care product. Growth has come mainly
from the low and medium-priced categories that account for 90 percent
of the cosmetics market in terms of volume.
The Shahnaz and the Biotique brands dominate the premium herbal
cosmetics segment in India, estimated at USD 100 million.
Cosmetics and toiletries are not just the domain of women any longer
and Indian men too are increasingly taking to the use of more and more
body sprays, perfumes and other cosmetics and toiletries. With rising
demand from men, the Indian market is getting enlarged and many
players are coming out with cosmetic products especially skin care
products for men. The market size of men's personal care segment is
estimated at approximately US$ 165million, with Gillette having the
largest market share. Other major players in this segment include
Godrej, J.L. Morison and HLL. 89
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In the last five/six years, there has been a renewed craze for herbal
cosmetic and personal care products, especially in the skin care segment
with the growing belief that chemical-based cosmetics are harmful.
Shehnaz Hussain, Biotique, and Lotus Herbals are the major players in
this segment. Many companies also expanded their range to include
herbal variants..
Costs for importing products are much higher than producing it in the
country. India allows entry of imported cosmetics without any
restrictions but the average import tariff on cosmetics products is
currently very high at 39.2 percent. This makes imported products very
expensive for most consumers. Most foreign cosmetics companies
selling premium brands have had a difficult time developing the low
volume premium market in India. Many had to re-work price strategies
towards the mass segment. Price is not the only reason responsible for
their problems. Poor assessment of the size of the upper middle and
high-income groups, and price sensitivity even within these groups, had
added to their problems.
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The rural market in India for cosmetics and toiletries remains is largely
untapped. Major domestic players have also not been able to penetrate
this market. The urban market itself for specialized cosmetic products
remains to be fully exploited. The Indian skin-care market is not yet
fully tapped and offers promising prospects as a growth area. Penetration
of color cosmetics is lower than the penetration prospects of the skin-
care segment.
Prior to March 31, 1999, India had cosmetics and toiletries on its
restricted list of imports and a special import license was required for
import of cosmetics and toiletries into the country. 8
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Imports have been made easier, but not necessarily cheaper.
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has been scaled down over the past few years is still very much on the
higher side. The high duties cause imports to be price uncompetitive.
Certain high - end products just do not sell in India because the final
price to bring it into India is too high for consumers to pay.
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Observed(O) Expected(E) (Oi-Ei)2 Ȥ2 {(Oi-
Satisfaction Ei)2 / }
level
Excellent 16 20 16 0.8
Good 20 20 0 0
Average 55 20 1225 61.25
Poor 5 20 225 11.25
Neutral/Cant 4 20 256 12.8
Say
Ȥ2=86.1
Table value=9.49
Since the table value is less than the Ȥ2.
So the Ho is rejected.
Satisfaction level Observed(O) Expected(E) (Oi-Ei)2 Ȥ2 {(Oi-
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Loyal 18 50 1024 20.48
Not a loyal 82 50 1024 20.48
Ȥ2=40.96
Table value=3.84
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Satisfaction Observed(O) Expected(E) (Oi-Ei)2 Ȥ2 {(Oi-
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Recommend 40 50 100 2
Will Not 60 50 100 2
recommend
Ȥ2=4
Table value=3.84
Since the table value is less than the Ȥ2.
So the Ho is rejected.
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Communication Observed(O) Expected(E) (Oi-Ei)2 Ȥ2 {(Oi-Ei)
level /E }
Effected 17 50 1089 21.78
Not at all 83 50 1089 21.78
Ȥ2=43.56
Table value=3.84
Since the table value is less than the Ȥ2.
So the Ho is rejected.
Ȥ2=54.503
Table value=5.99
Since the table value is less than the Ȥ2.
So the Ho is rejected.
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±Promotions beyond fashion week
±The brand should not lose its focus away from cosmetics. It can
proved to very detrimental.
±For vast reachunlikely, in the short-term. ³Some sort of an alliance
or co-branding with the salons that already exist may, perhaps, have
been a better strategy.
±The general perception is that company-owned salons are expensive.
Though Lakme beauty salons are reasonably priced, it has not been
communicated well enough.
^F=!#
Since the Null hypothesis is rejected therefore it states that the customers are
not satisfied well with the lakme products . This would be the major cause of
lose of market share in the country. Another reason is the upcoming of
Regional brands in the country that is making lakme loose its sheen.
Therefore the company should take in strategic steps and planning to revive
its brand image accordingly.
The local cosmetics and toiletries industry generally involves mixing and
formulation processes, using imported ingredients. Many of these
companies are contract manufacturers, mainly for products such as shampoo
and conditioners, other hair care products, perfumes, and cosmetics.
8
According to the industry, the market is saturated with many different types
of products, and in the long run, established brands that emphasize quality
and service will have the edge.
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Half a century ago, as India took her steps into freedom, Lakme, India's first
beauty brand was born. At a time when the beauty industry in India was at a
nascent stage, Lakme tapped into what would grow to be amongst the
leading, high consumer interest segments in the Indian Industry - that of
skincare and cosmetic products. Armed with a potent combination of
foresight, research and constant innovation, Lakme has grown to be the
market leader in the cosmetics industry. Lakme today has grown to have a
wide variety of products and services that cover all facets of beauty care, and
arm the consumer with products to pamper herself from head to toe. These
include products for the lips, nails, eyes, face and skin, and services like the
Lakme Beauty Salons.
A brand that has over 5 decades talked of beauty is none other than
Lakmé. Launched in 1952, it offered a range of cosmetics with nail
polishes & lipsticks from the early 80¶s. Lakmé also understands the
importance of maintaining and accentuating a women¶s natural beauty,
for this it has introduced a range of skincare products from 1987. These
ranges have been constantly innovated to bring specialized beauty care
and complete the range for the definitive women.
,
8,7 H
If the company manages to scale up the brand and increase its
consumption within India, there are strong indications that Lakme could
leverage Unilever¶s global reach on the back of the Anglo-Dutch
major¶s priorities on personal care and D&E (developing and emerging
markets).
Given Lakme¶s service sector lineage, the business model could benefit
from what is perceived to be Unilever¶s proposed area of interest for the
future - services.
Lakme Lever had revived its youth-oriented brand, Elle 18. Having put
the brand on `maintenance' mode, this division of HLL was focusing on
Lakme.
"In the first three years, Elle 18 registered sharp growth rates and the
purpose was to create a new segment of consumers," said Mr Chopra.
With a pricing that is almost one-third that of Lakme, Elle 18, of late,
has also unleashed a campaign based on its products.
"There was a change in our strategy in the past. While Lakme has been
high on innovation, Elle 18 has been on maintenance mode. The brand
has been growing at a lower rate than Lakme. But now we are now
relooking at Elle 18 as there is still no brand that is so sharply positioned
on the youth platform," said Mr Chopra.
There was a conscious price differential between the brands to attract the
first generation users of cosmetics. So, while a Lakme Lipstick would
have an MRP of Rs 165, an Elle 18 Lipstick was pegged at Rs 55.
"The overall beauty market has been growing between 15-20 per cent
but we have been growing higher than the market."
However, it is the salon business that has been registering the highest
growth rates for Lakme Lever. "With a small base, our salon business
has been growing the fastest," Mr Chopra said.
There are plans to have 100 Lakme salons by the end of the year from
the existing 92 salons across the country.
Besides, Lakme Lever intends consolidating its hair care portfolio
launched last year under the Lakme Hair Next brand.
7
Increasing Competition
Low Rating of lame Salons (not so good customer services)
No new Strategies to look for improvements.
May loose its Sheen in a long run.
^
± Promotions beyond fashion week
± The brand should not lose its focus away from cosmetics. It can proved to
very detrimental.
± For vast reachunlikely, in the short-term. ³Some sort of an alliance or co-
branding with the salons that already exist may, perhaps, have been a
better strategy.
± The general perception is that company-owned salons are expensive.
Though Lakme beauty salons are reasonably priced, it has not been
communicated well enough.