Antimicrobial Activities of Plants

24 February 2011 SciFinder Page: 1
Answer 1:
Bibliographic Information
Antimicrobial screening on fourteen traditional American Indian medicinal plants. Jacobs, J. L.; Dixson, J.; Gabel, M.;
Bergmann, D.; DeCory, J.; Geffre, C. College of Arts and Sciences, Black Hills State University, Spearfish, SD, USA.
Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science (2010), 89 85-93. Publisher: South Dakota Academy of Science,
CODEN: PSDAA2 ISSN: 0096-378X. Journal written in English. AN 2011:223431 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on
SciFinder (R))
Abstract
Fourteen plant species traditionally utilized by American Indians as medicines were investigated for antimicrobial activity. The
plant material, native to western South Dakota, was collected and dried, and voucher specimens were deposited in the BHSU
Herbarium. A sequential gradient extn. procedure was refined to fractionate compds. with solvents in a sequential order from
non-polar to polar: hexane, carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, and 1-butanol. A broth tube bacterial screening method was
used to identify crude plant fractions with inhibitory properties-lack of turbidity indicating microbial inhibition. Four bacteria
(Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and one yeast culture (Candida
albicans) were utilized in the initial screening method. Antimicrobial activity was found in seven 1-butanol, three methylene
chloride, two carbon tetrachloride, and three hexane plant ext. fractions. To identify active compds., we chromatographed active
crude fractions and screened for activity. Subsequently, one hexane, one carbon tetrachloride, one methylene chloride, and five
1-butanol plant fractions from five plants were subjected to flash chromatog. on silica gel using a gradient solvent system. The
initial solvent ratios were detd. by thin layered chromatog. To conserve the limited quantity of material after chromatog., we
adapted a "high throughput" 96-well micro-diln. assay. Screening was also limited to S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans. As a
result, activity was maintained for all chromatographed crude fractions. Active compds. have been isolated from Artemisia
ludoviciana and Monarda fistulosa.
Answer 2:
In vitro antifungal activity and cytotoxic effect of essential oils and extracts of medicinal and aromatic plants against
Candida krusei and Aspergillus fumigatus. Correa-Royero, Julieth; Tangarife, Veronica; Duran, Camilo; Stashenko, Elena;
Mesa-Arango, Ana. Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine Carrera 51D No 62-29, University of
Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia (2010), 20(5), 734-741. Publisher: Sociedade Brasileira
de Farmacognosia, CODEN: RBFAEL ISSN: 0102-695X. Journal written in English. AN 2011:210258 CAPLUS (Copyright
(C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
The plants are usually used in traditional medicine as antimicrobial agents and their essential oils and exts. have been known to
possess antifungal activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of 32 essential oils and 29 exts. in vitro against C.
krusei and A. fumigatus as well as the cytotoxic effect on Vero cells. Time-kill curve and interaction between antifungal and the
most active sample against C. krusei, was also evaluated. The oils from C. ambrosioides and the ext. of M. cucullata showed
antifungal activity against C. krusei (GM-MIC 7.82 and 31.25 g/mL, resp.). L. citriodora was active against C. krusei and A.
fumigates (GM-MIC = 99.21 g/mL and 62.5 g/mL resp.). Time-kill assays done with C. ambrosioides oil showed fungicidal
activity at 4x MIC. The interaction of C. ambrosioides oil with itraconazole and amphotericin B was tested following the
chequerboard technique. No interaction was detected for the combination of C. ambrosioides oil with amphotericin B and
itraconazole (FICI range = 1.03 - 1.06 and 1.03 - 1.00, resp.). Cytotoxicity assays for all samples were carried out with MTT. Only
the oil from Hedyosmun sp. and L. dulcis were cytotoxic.
Answer 3:
Antimicrobial activity of Pterogyne nitens Tul., Fabaceae, against opportunistic fungi. Regasini, Luis Octavio; Pivatto,
Marcos; Scorzoni, Liliana; Benaducci, Tatiane; Fusco-Almeida, Ana Marisa; Giannini, Maria Jose Soares Mendes; Barreiro, Eliezer
Jesus; Siva, Dulce Helena Siqueira; Bolzani, Vanderlan da Silva. Departamento de Quimica Organica, Instituto de Quimica,
Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia (2010),
20(5), 706-711. Publisher: Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia, CODEN: RBFAEL ISSN: 0102-695X. Journal written in
English. AN 2011:210256 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
As part of our ongoing research on antifungal agents from Brazilian flora, eight exts. and twelve fractions from Pterogyne nitens
Tul., Fabaceae, were screened for antimicrobial activity against four opportunistic fungi species (Candida albicans, Candida krusei,
Candida parapsilosis and Cryptococcus neoformans) using a broth microdilution method. The present investigation reveals that P.
nitens exts. and fractions were more effective against C. krusei and C. parapsilosis than against C. neoformans. The growth of
C. albicans was moderately affected by all tested exts. and fractions. The strongest effects were obsd. for n-butanol fractions
from branches (MIC = 15.6 g/mL) and roots (MIC = 31.2 g/mL) against C. krusei. Addnl., the chromatog. fractionation of the
n-butanol fraction from branches afforded four guanidine alkaloids; N-1,N-2,N-3-triisopentenylguanidine (1), described for the first
time in the Fabaceae family, and nitensidines A-C (2-4), which showed moderate activity towards C. krusei (MIC = 62.5 g/mL)
and C. parapsilosis (MIC = 31.2 g/mL).
Answer 4:
A new flavanone from Cythula tomentosa. Prasad, Dwarika; Sati, S. P. Department of Chemistry, DAA(P), Lovely
Professional University, Punjab, India. Oriental Journal of Chemistry (2010), 26(4), 1585-1587. Publisher: Oriental Scientific
Publishing Co., CODEN: OJCHEG ISSN: 0970-020X. Journal written in English. AN 2011:190777 CAPLUS (Copyright (C)
2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
From alc. ext. of whole plant Cyathula tomentosa a new Flavanone 3'-4' dimethoxy,
5-hydroxy-7-O-a-D-glucopyranosyl-6''--4''-methoxy rhamnopyranosyl Flavanone have been isolated and characterized with help
of FAB-mass, 1H, 13C NMR and 2D studies & antimicrobial activities of its ext.
Answer 5:
Triterpenoids from Psidium guajava with biocidal activity. Ghosh, P.; Mandal, A.; Chakraborty, P.; Rasul, M. G.;
Chakraborty, Madhumita; Saha, A. Natural Product and Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University
of North Bengal, Darjeeling, India. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2010), 72(4), 504-507. Publisher: Medknow
Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd., CODEN: IJSIDW ISSN: 0250-474X. Journal written in English. AN 2011:183581 CAPLUS
(Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
In continuation of our studies on the phytochem. investigation of medicinal plants available in the foothills of Darjeeling and Teri,
we report herein the isolation of two triterpenoids betulinic acid and lupeol from the leaf ext. of Psidium guajava and their potential
antimicrobial and phytotoxic activities. All the structures of the isolated compds. were confirmed by spectral (IR, NMR) anal. and
by comparison with the literature reports.
Answer 6:
Optimal methods for evaluating antimicrobial activities from plant extracts. Othman, Mukhrizah; Loh, Hwei San; Wiart,
Christophe; Khoo, Teng Jin; Lim, Kuan Hon; Ting, Kang Nee. School of Pharmacy, Jalan Broga, University of Nottingham
Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Selangor, Malay. Journal of Microbiological Methods (2011), 84(2), 161-166. Publisher:
Elsevier B.V., CODEN: JMIMDQ ISSN: 0167-7012. Journal written in English. AN 2011:176893 CAPLUS (Copyright (C)
Abstract
The search for antimicrobial agents from plants has been a growing interest in the last few decades. However, results generated
from many of these studies cannot be directly compared due to the absence of standardization in particular antimicrobial methods
employed. The need for established methods with consistent results for the evaluation of antimicrobial activities from plant exts.
has been proposed by many researchers. Nevertheless, there are still many studies reported in the literature describing different
methodologies. The aim of this study was to find optimal methods to give consistent quant. antimicrobial results for studying plant
exts. Three different agar-based assays (pour plate disk diffusion (PPDD), streak plate disk diffusion (SPDD) and well-in agar
(WA)) and one broth-based (turbidometric (TB)) assay were used in this study. Exts. from two plant species (Duabanga grandiflora
and Acalypha wilkesiana) were tested on two bacterial species, namely Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Amongst the
agar-based assays, PPDD produced the most reproducible results. TB was able to show the inhibitory effects of the test samples
on the growth kinetic of the bacteria including plant exts. with low polarity. We propose that both agar- (i.e PPDD) and broth-based
assays should be employed when assessing the antimicrobial activity of plant crude exts.
Answer 7:
Antimicrobial activity of plant extracts against Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria
monocytogenes on fresh lettuce. Kim, Sung-Youn; Kang, Dong-Hyun; Kim, Jin-Ki; Ha, Yong-Geun; Hwang, Ju Young; Kim,
Taewan; Lee, Seon-Ho. Dept. of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Seoul National Univ., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, S. Korea. Journal
of Food Science (2011), 76(1), M41-M46. Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell, CODEN: JFDSAZ ISSN: 0022-1147. Journal written in
Abstract
Plant exts. have been found to be effective in reducing microorganisms. This study evaluated antimicrobial activity of 12 plant
exts. against Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes by using a disk diffusion assay,
and Syzygium aromaticum (clove) showed the highest inhibitory effect. To investigate the efficacy of clove ext. that inactives
pathogens on lettuce, inoculated lettuce was S. Typhimurium, E. coli O157:H7, and L. monocytogenes was treated with dild. clove
exts. or distd. water for 0, 1,3, 5, and 10 min. Clove ext. treatment significantly reduced populations of the 3 tested pathogens
from the surface of lettuce.
Answer 8:
Anthocyanins as antimicrobial agents of natural plant origin. Cisowska, Agnieszka; Wojnicz, Dorota; Hendrich, Andrzej B.
Department of Medical Biology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Pol. Natural Product Communications
(2011), 6(1), 149-156. Publisher: Natural Product Inc., CODEN: NPCACO ISSN: 1934-578X. Journal written in English. AN
2011:159816 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
Anthocyanins are particularly abundant in different fruits, esp. in berries. The beneficial effects of these compds. for human
health have been known from at least the 16th century. Despite the great no. of papers devoted to the different biol. effects
exerted by anthocyanins only a limited no. of studies is focused on the antimicrobial activity of these compds. Anthocyanin
content of berry fruits varies from 7.5 mg/100 mg fresh fruit in redcurrant (Ribes rubum) up to 460 mg/100 g fresh fruit in
chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa). After consumption, anthocyanins are intensively metabolized, mainly in the intestines and liver.
Glucorination, methylation and sulfation are the most typical metabolic reactions. Antimicrobial activity of crude exts. of plant
phenolic compds. against human pathogens has been intensively studied to characterize and develop new healthy food ingredients
as well as medical and pharmaceutical products. However, there is very little information available about the antimicrobial activity
of the pure anthocyanins. In the last part of this review we present the collection of papers describing the anthocyanin profiles of
different fruits (mainly berries) and the antimicrobial properties of the identified compds. Generally, anthocyanins are active
against different microbes, however Gram-pos. bacteria usually are more susceptible to the anthocyanin action than Gram-neg.
ones. Mechanisms underlying anthocyanin activity include both membrane and intracellular interactions of these compds.
Antimicrobial activity of berries and other anthocyanin-contg. fruits is likely to be caused by multiple mechanisms and synergies
because they contain various compds. including anthocyanins, weak org. acids, phenolic acids, and their mixts. of different chem.
forms. Therefore, the antimicrobial effect of chem. complex compds. has to be critically analyzed.
Answer 9:
Identification of antagonistic bacterium SB1 and analysis on its antibacterial substance. Lian, Lingli; Xie, Liyan; Zheng,
Luping; Lin, Qiying. Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Peop. Rep. China.
Weishengwuxue Tongbao (2010), 37(7), 986-991. Publisher: Weishengwuxue Tongbao Bianjibu, CODEN: WSWPDI ISSN:
0253-2654. Journal written in Chinese. AN 2011:149447 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
A bacterial strain SB1, isolated from tomato roots, was tested for its antimicrobial activities. Results indicated that strain SB1
showed strong inhibitory activities against various plant pathogenic fungi and pathogenic bacteria, exhibiting wide antimicrobial
spectrum. Strain SB1 was identified as Bacillus subtilis subsp. endophyticus based on its morphol., physiol. characteristics and
16S rDNA sequence. In addn., properties of antibacterial substances of strain SB1 were examd. using Ralstonia solanacearum as
an indicator. The results showed that antibacterial substances were heat-stable, water-sol., alc.-sol., and resistant to UV radiation
and protease K. High performance liq. chromatog.(HPLC) results further suggested that one of the antibacterial substances was
surfactin.
Answer 10:
Plant pathogen inhibitor combinations and methods of use. Su, Hai; Marrone, Pamela G.; Koivunen, Marja. (Marrone Bio
Innovations, Inc., USA). PCT Int. Appl. (2011), 36pp. CODEN: PIXXD2 WO 2011014596 A2 20110203 Designated States
W: AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO,
DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK,
LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU,
SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ. Designated States RW: AT, BE, CH, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, IE,
IS, IT, LU, MC, MT, NL, NO, PT, SE, SM, TR, BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG. Patent written in English.
Application: WO 2010-US43612 20100729. Priority: US 2009-230102P 20090730. AN 2011:149051 CAPLUS (Copyright (C)
Patent Family Information
Patent No. Kind Date Application No. Date

WO 2011014596 A2 20110203 WO 2010-US43612 20100729
W: AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR,
CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL,
IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK,
MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, SE,
SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW
RW: AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, MC,
MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, SE, SI, SK, SM, TR, BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW, ML,
MR, NE, SN, TD, TG, BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, ZW, AM,
AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM

US 20110028500 A1 20110203 US 2010-845883 20100729
Priority Application
US 2009-230102P P 20090730
Abstract
Combinations, compns. and methods of use for modulating plant pathogen infection are described. The compns. are made using
plant exts. contg. anthraquinone derivs. which induce resistance to plant phytopathogens and an antimicrobial agent, a biol. control
agent and/or a surfactant having fungicidal activity. Exemplary compns. contg. exts. of Reynoutria sachalinensis in combination
with various pesticides showed synergistic redns. in plant disease severity when tested against cucumber downy mildew and
Rhizoctonia solani infections.
Answer 11:
In vitro antimicrobial activities of essential oils from Origanum minutiflorum and Sideritis erytrantha subsp. erytrantha
on phytopathogenic bacteria. Altundag, S.; Aslim, B.; Ozturk, S. Plant Protection Central Research Institute, Ankara,
Turk. Journal of Essential Oil Research (2011), 23(1), 4-8. Publisher: Allured Business Media, CODEN: JEOREG ISSN:
1041-2905. Journal written in English. AN 2011:143220 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
This study was designated to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of Origanum
minutiflorum and Sideritis erytrantha, both endemic species in Turkey, against 19 plant pathogenic bacteria. Two essential oils
were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. The major components of O. minutiflorum oil were carvacrol (73.93%) and p-cymene
(7.20%). The essential oil of O. minutiflorum exhibited an extremely strong activity against tested plant pathogenic bacteria such
as Agrobacterium spp., Erwinia spp., Rathayibacter spp., Xanthomonas spp., Clavibacter sp. and Curtobacterium sp., but did not
show any antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas spp. The min. inhibitory concn. (MIC) values for bacterial strains which were
sensitive to the essential oil of O. minutiflorum and S. erytrantha subsp. erytrantha were in the rage of 125-400 g/mL and
300-500 g/mL, resp.
Answer 12:
Inhibitory effects of plants extracts on the growth of five pathogenic bacteria. Suwanmanon, Kanintra; Rachtanapun,
Chitsiri; Surapat, Somjit; Chiu, Chiu-Hsia; Guu, Yuan-Kuang. Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of
Agroo-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand. Taiwan Nongye Huaxue Yu Shipin Kexue (2010), 48(4), 197-203.
Publisher: Agricultural Chemical Society of Taiwan, CODEN: TNHKFW ISSN: 1605-2471. Journal written in English. AN
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activities of essential oils (EO) and spice exts. of the plants
popularly used in Thai cuisines, namely galangal (Alpinia galanga (Linn.) Stuntz.), finger root (Boesenbergia pandurata Roxb.),
lemongrass (Cymbopogon citrates) and torch ginger (Etlingera elatior). The plant exts. were prepd. using steam distn., supercrit.
fluid extn. (SFE) and conventional Soxhlet extn. techniques. Results demonstrated that galangal extd. by SFE and Soxhlet extn.
techniques showed stronger antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes than those of finger
root, lemongrass and torch ginger, resp. Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, as well as Gram-pos. pathogenic bacteria,
such as S. aureus and L. monocytogenes, were sensitive to lemongrass EO.
Answer 13:
Nutritional and antimicrobial studies on leaves and fruit of Carissa opaca Stapf ex Haines. Ahmed, Dildar; Waheed,
Abdul; Chaudhary, Muhammad Ashraf; Khan, Shahid Rehman; Hannan, Abdul; Barkaat, Muhammad. Department of Chemistry,
Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pak. EJEAFChe, Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry
(2010), 9(10), 1631-1640. Publisher: EJEAFChe, CODEN: EEJEAT ISSN: 1579-4377.
http://ejeafche.uvigo.es/component/option,com_docman/task,doc_download/gid,750/Itemid,33/ Journal; Online Computer File
written in English. AN 2011:127033 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
Carissa opaca Stapf ex Haines is wild plant having a no. of ethnomedicinal applications. In the present study, the leaves, and
fruits of the plant were subjected to antimicrobial and nutritional investigations. Antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic exts. of the
leaves and fruits of the plant, detd. against 34 strains of gram-pos. and gram-neg. bacteria, exhibits a considerable broad
spectrum efficacy. Anal. of mineral elements present in fruits, seeds and leaves shows that the plant has good quantities of
potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper and chromium. The nutritional value of the fruits was 333.84 cal/100 g, and they are a
good source of fiber, lipids, protein and carbohydrates.
Answer 14:
Biological activities of volatile oil from Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. on fungi, bacteria and plants and its chemical
constituents. Yang, Li; Wang, Chunyu; Han, Mei; Xiao, Chunping; Wang, Han; Shen, Wenwen; Yang, Limin. College of
Chinese Medicinal Materials, Key Laboratory for Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management of Jilin Province, Jilin
Agricultural University, Changchun, Peop. Rep. China. Nongyao (2010), 49(11), 801-803, 827. Publisher: Nongyao Bianjibu,
CODEN: NONGFP ISSN: 1006-0413. Journal written in Chinese. AN 2011:120554 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on
SciFinder (R))
Abstract
The volatile oil of Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. Had significant bioactivity on fungi, some food-borne pathogens and plants. It
could enhance the length of major root of Daucus carota var. sativa L., that cultured under the 100 L volatile oil treatment was
l.61 times as much as that of the control treatment. And the main effect of this oil on germination and seedling growth was
inhibitory effect. The antimicrobial test results showed that this essential oil had significant broad spectrum of antimicrobial
activity against all 6 food-borne pathogens and 2 fungi tested. Esp., Shigella dysenteriae, Alternaria panax Whetz and Rhizoctonia
solani were most sensitive to it. The chem. compn. of the oil could be identified satisfactorily by GC/MS analyses. The essential
oil of C. canadensis was dominated with terpene, the relative amt. of limonene was more than 50%.
Answer 15:
Signaling LTPs: a new plant LTPs sub-family? Pii, Youry; Pandolfini, Tiziana; Crimi, Massimo. Dipartimento Scienze,
Tecnologie e Mercati della Vite e del Vino, University of Verona, San Floriano, VR, Italy. Plant Signaling & Behavior (2010),
5(5), 594-597. Publisher: Landes Bioscience, CODEN: PSBLCR ISSN: 1559-2316. Journal written in English. AN
Abstract
Numerous plant non specific Lipid Transfer Proteins (nsLTPs) have been characterized for their antimicrobial activity, suggesting
for these proteins a direct role in the protection against pathogenic microorganisms. Another group of LTPs seems to be involved
in structural events in the extracellular matrix through binding and transport of hydrophobic mols. More recently, some LTPs
putatively involved in the symbiotic interaction between legumes and rhizobia have been identified. We investigated the role of
MtN5, a LTP from Medicago truncatula, which is specifically expressed in the roots and induced by both Sinorhizobium meliloti and
a root pathogenic fungus. Once the symbiosis has been established, MtN5 is preferentially accumulated in the root nodule. The
suppression of MtN5 transcript, obtained by means of an RNAi approach, resulted in a reduced nodulation, whereas its
overexpression led to an increased no. of nodules produced by S. meliloti. These observations demonstrated that MtN5 is required
for an efficient nodulation. On the basis of the amino acid sequence, MtN5 has been included in the nsLTP-like sub-family,
together with Arabidopsis thaliana DIR1, a protein playing a role in SAR signaling. The putative role(s) for this LTP in the symbiotic
assocn. are discussed in the present commentary. MtN5, together with DIR1 and other new LTPs, are proposed to form a new LTP
subfamily involved in lipid signaling.
Answer 16:
Effect of some Indian traditional plants on few common pathogens. Umera Begam, A. K.; Manoharan, N.; Sirajudeen, J.;
Abdul Jameel, A. Department of Biochemistry, Holy Cross College, Tiruchirappalli, India. Advances in Applied Science
Research (2010), 1(3), 205-211. Publisher: Pelagia Research Library, CODEN: AASRFC ISSN: 0976-8610.
http://pelagiaresearchlibrary.com/advances-in-applied-science/vol1-iss3/AASR-2010-1-3-205-211.pdf Journal; Online Computer File
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of ethanolic plant exts. (Ocimum sanctum, Thespesia populnea and Pongamia glabra) were studied
against three bacterial and one fungal organisms. The bacterial species include two Gram-pos. (Streptococcus sp. and
Staphylococcus aureus) and one Gram-neg. (Escherichia coli). Aspergillus niger is the fungus taken for the study. In this study,
the antimicrobial potency of single plants and the combined exts., against the above mentioned microorganisms were assessed by
well-diffusion technique. The plant exts. were subjected to various preliminary phytochem. analyses to det. the phytochem.
constituents present in them. Studies revealed that, the synergism is more marked against Streptococcus spp. and Aspergillus
niger esp. the combination of Thespesia populnea and Ocimum sanctum is found to have more potent microbicidal activity.
Answer 17:
Formulation and evaluation of in-vitro antimicrobial activity of gel containing essential oils and effect of polymer on
their antimicrobial activity. Pandey, Abhijeet; Jagtap, Jui V.; Polshettiwar, S. A. Department of Pharmaceutics, MAEER's
Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy, Pune, India. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (2011), 3(1),
234-237. Publisher: International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CODEN: IJPPKB ISSN: 0975-1491.
http://www.ijppsjournal.com/Vol3Issue1/1109.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in English. AN 2011:71045 CAPLUS
Abstract
In the present study an attempt was made to formulate gel contg. different plant exts. and essential oils and was evaluated for
antimicrobial activity against different microorganism. The plants were collected and extd. with suitable solvent. Different gels
were formulated by using different concn. of polymers and exts. The evaluation was done using cup plate method for zone of
inhibition and two fold diln. method for MIC (Min. Inhibitory Concn.). Min. Bactericidal concn. was also calcd. Sensitivity of
microorganism to marketed products was also studied. MIC for antimicrobial activity of plant exts. and essential oils were studied
prior to gel formulation to compare the changes in activity after incorporation in polymer gel. Propylene glycol as the co-solvent
for the ext. and Carbopol 940 as gelling agent showed the best results in final formulations. Gels were further subjected to
evaluation of phys. properties like color, clarity, pH, consistency, Spreadability and viscosity. Zone of inhibition was between
15-23 for S. aureus, 18-22 for E. coli. 15-25 for A. niger and A. varis. For Candida albicans, zone of inhibition was 14-20. MIC for
most of the microorganism was below 20mg/mL. Activity of plant exts. was not much affected by incorporation in gel. The gel
showed promising antibacterial and antifungal activity against other strains used for the study. The gel was stable at room temp.
Answer 18:
Efficacy of chemically characterized Ocimum gratissimum L. essential oil as an antioxidant and a safe plant based
antimicrobial against fungal and aflatoxin B1 contamination of spices. Prakash, Bhanu; Shukla, Ravindra; Singh,
Priyanka; Mishra, Prashant Kumar; Dubey, Nawal Kishore; Kharwar, Ravindra Nath. Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of
Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. Food Research International (2011), 44(1), 385-390.
Publisher: Elsevier Ltd., CODEN: FORIEU ISSN: 0963-9969. Journal written in English. AN 2011:65333 CAPLUS
Abstract
The paper reports the essential oil (EO) of Ocimum gratissimum as plant based preservative and recommends its application as a
nontoxic antimicrobial and antiaflatoxigenic agent against fungal and aflatoxin contamination of spices as well their shelf life
enhancer in view of its antioxidant activity. The EO exhibited antifungal activity against fungal isolates from some spices and
showed better efficacy as fungitoxicant than prevalent fungicide Wettasul-80. The EO also completely checked the aflatoxin B1
(AFB1) synthesis by the toxigenic strains LHP-6 and LHP-10 of A. flavus isolated from Piper nigrum and Myristica fragrans resp.
at 0.6 l/mL and 0.5 l/mL, resp. In addn., EO showed antioxidant activity through DPPH free radical scavenging and
-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching assay. Me cinnamate (48.29%) and -terpinene (26.08%) were recorded the major components of
the oil through GC-MS anal. The EO was found non-mammalian toxic showing high LD50 (11622.67 l/kg) during oral toxicity on
mice.
Answer 19:
Antimicrobial Activity of Flavonoids From Piper lanceaefolium and Other Colombian Medicinal Plants Against Antibiotic
Susceptible and Resistant Strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Ruddock, Patrick S.; Charland, Marijo; Ramirez, Sandra;
Lopez, Andres; Neil Towers, G. H.; Arnason, John T.; Liao, Mingmin; Dillon, Jo-Anne R. Departments of Biology and
.dag.Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, ON, Can. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (2011), 38(2), 82-88.
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, CODEN: STRDDM ISSN: 0148-5717. Journal written in English. AN 2011:54905
CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
Background: The successful treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections is increasingly problematic because of the
resistance of this pathogen to multiple antimicrobial agents. This development underscores the need for new antimicrobial sources.
In the current study, 21 crude methanol exts., from 19 plants used in Colombian traditional medicine for cutaneous infections, were
screened for antimicrobial activity against NG. Methods: Exts. were screened by disk susceptibility assay. In addn., the min.
inhibitory concns. of active compds. from P. lanceaefolium were assayed using a panel of 26 NG strains comprising 12
antibiotic-resistant phenotypes. Results: In all, 71% of the crude exts. exhibited antibacterial activity against the antibiotic
susceptible NG strain WHO V, whereas 10% of the exts. inhibited penicillinase-producing NG strain GC1-182. The crude ext. of
Piper lanceaefolium was the only ext. to show significant activity without UV light activation. Preliminary screening identified 3
compds. in this plant possessing antimicrobial activity: the flavonoids 5,7-dihydroxyflavanone (pinocembrin),
2',4',6'-trihydroxychalcone (pinocembrin chalcone), and the prenylated benzoic acid deriv. cyclolanceaefolic acid Me ester.
Pinocembrin and pinocembrin chalcone inhibited 100% of the NG panel at 64 g/mL and 128 g/mL, resp., whereas
cyclolanceaefolic acid Me ester inhibited 44% of the strains at 128 g/mL. Conclusions: This is the first report of the antibacterial
activity of Columbian plants against NG. The activity of the 2 flavonoids, pinocembrin, and pinocembrin chalcone, toward both
susceptible and resistant NG strains makes them promising candidates for further research.
Answer 20:
Topical antifungal composition. Boegli, Charles J. (OnikoLabs LLC, USA). PCT Int. Appl. (2011), 45pp. CODEN:
PIXXD2 WO 2011005749 A2 20110113 Designated States W: AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY,
BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID,
IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA,
NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ. Designated States
RW: AT, BE, CH, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, IE, IS, IT, LU, MC, MT, NL, NO, PT, SE, SM, TR, BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM,
GA, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG. Patent written in English. Application: WO 2010-US41050 20100706. Priority: US
2009-223870P 20090708. CAN 154:118561 AN 2011:52320 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))

WO 2011005749 A2 20110113 WO 2010-US41050 20100706
US 20110008474 A1 20110113 US 2010-830803 20100706
US 2009-223870P P 20090708
Abstract
A compn. obtained primarily from plant materials provides antimicrobial activity for use as an antifungal agent. The antifungal
agent is effective in inhibiting the growth of Trichophyton rubrum, the fungus that is the most common cause of Tinea pedis. The
compn. includes selective mixts. of the origanum oil, menthol, and Atlantic cedarwood oil, thuja oil, cedarwood oil, cinnamon oil,
clove oil, cumin oil, fennel oil, peppermint oil, or rosemary oil.
Answer 21:
Novel strain of Streptomyces argenteolus having an antimicrobial activity against plant pathogens. Rho, Mun-Chual;
Lee, Woo-Song; Park, Chan-Sun; Kim, Min-Soo. (Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, S. Korea). PCT Int.
Appl. (2011), 21pp. CODEN: PIXXD2 WO 2011005042 A2 20110113 Designated States W: AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU,
AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD,
GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG,
MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV,
SY, TH, TJ, TM. Designated States RW: AT, BE, CH, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, IE, IS, IT, LU, MC, MT, NL, NO, PT, SE,
SM, TR, BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG. Patent written in Korean. Application: WO 2010-KR4453
20100708. Priority: KR 2009-62319 20090708. CAN 154:153312 AN 2011:50850 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on
SciFinder (R))

WO 2011005042 A2 20110113 WO 2010-KR4453 20100708
IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW,
MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL,
SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW
KR 2011004731 A 20110114 KR 2009-62319 20090708
KR 2009-62319 A 20090708
Abstract
The present invention relates to a novel strain of Streptomyces argenteolus (KCTC 11524BP) having an antimicrobial activity
against plant pathogens, to an agrichem. prepn. for preventing plant diseases which contains the strain as an active constituent,
and to a prodn. method for the agrichem. prepn. for preventing plant diseases which includes steps in which the strain is cultured;
and to a novel strain which has a particularly good effect in preventing phytophthora blight, anthracnose and root rot.
Answer 22:
A review of the chemical and pharmacological aspects of the genus Marrubium. Meyre-Silva, Christiane; Cechinel-Filho,
Valdir. Nucleo de Investigacoes Quimico-Farmaceuticas (NIQFAR) and Programa de Mestrado em Ciencias Farmaceuticas,
Universidade do Vale do Itajai (UNIVALI), Itajai, SC, Brazil. Current Pharmaceutical Design (2010), 16(31), 3503-3518.
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., CODEN: CPDEFP ISSN: 1381-6128. Journal written in English. AN 2011:26691
Abstract
The genus Marrubium (Lamiaceae) is comprised of about forty species, distributed in Europe, Asia and Brazil. Some species are
traditionally used to treat various diseases, including asthma, pulmonary infections, inflammation and hypotension, as
cholagogues and sedative agents, and for pain relief. A literature review on the chem. and biol. aspects of these plants indicates
antimicrobial activity against gram pos. bacteria, analgesic properties, and anti-hypertensive, antidiabetic, antioxidant properties,
among others, particularly related to the presence of diterpenes, sterols, phenylpropanoids and flavonoids. This review shows the
main chem. and pharmacol. aspects of the genus Marrubium, with emphasis on M. vulgare, which grows in Brazil and has been
studied by us and other authors.
Answer 23:
Biological reduction of silver nanoparticles using plant leaf extracts and its effect on increased antimicrobial activity
against clinically isolated organism. Thirumurugan, A.; Tomy, Neethu Anns; Ganesh, R. Jai; Gobikrishnan, S. Dept of
Biotechnology, PRIST University, Thanjavur, India. Pharma Chemica (2010), 2(6), 279-284. Publisher: Scholars Research
Library, CODEN: PCHHAX ISSN: 0975-413X. http://derpharmachemica.com/vol2-iss6/DPC-2010-2-6-279-284.pdf Journal;
Online Computer File written in English. AN 2011:25867 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
The biol. synthesis of nanoparticles emerges as an eco-friendly and exciting approach in the field of nanotechnol. In the present
investigation, we report the extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP's) using plant leaf exts. (Artocarpus
heterophyllus) for the redn. of aq. Ag+ ions and its increased antimicrobial activity. Stable silver nanoparticles were formed by
treating aq. soln. of AgNO3 with the plant leaf exts. as reducing agent for redn. of Ag+ ions. The quant. formation of synthesized
nanoparticles monitored by UV-visible spectroscopy. After the characterization, these nanoparticles are evaluated for increasing
the antimicrobial activities of different antibiotics against clin. isolated organism. The antibacterial activities of Vancomycin,
Amoxyclav and Tetracycline increased in the presence of Ag- NPs against Salmonella paratyphi. Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin and
Erythromycin antibacterial activities increased in the presence of Ag- NPs against Klebsiella pneumonia.
Answer 24:
Insecticidal Activity of Rhamnolipid Isolated from Pseudomonas sp. EP-3 against Green Peach Aphid (Myzus persicae).
Kim, Seul Ki; Kim, Young Cheol; Lee, Sunwoo; Kim, Jin Cheol; Yun, Mi Young; Kim, In Seon. Department of Agricultural
Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Gwangju, S. Korea. Journal of Agricultural and Food
Chemistry (2011), 59(3), 934-938. Publisher: American Chemical Society, CODEN: JAFCAU ISSN: 0021-8561. Journal;
Online Computer File written in English. CAN 154:175732 AN 2011:6413 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder
(R))
Abstract
Microorganisms capable of growth on oils are potential sources of biopesticides, as they produce complex mols. such as
biosurfactants and lipopeptides. These mols. have antimicrobial activity against plant pathogens, but few data are available on
their insecticidal activity. The present study describes the insecticidal activity of a rhamnolipid isolated from diesel oil-degrading
Pseudomonas sp. EP-3. The treatment of cell-free supernatants of EP-3 grown on glucose-mineral medium for 96 h led to >80%
mortality of aphids (Myzus persicae) within 24 h. Bioassay-guided chromatog. coupled with matrix-assisted laser
desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MADLDI-TOF MS) and (1H, 13C) NMR analyses was employed to isolate
and identify the EP-3 insecticidal metabolites. Dirhamnolipid, with mol. formulas of C32H58O13 and C34H62O13, was identified
as a main metabolite exhibiting insecticidal activity against aphids. Dirhamnolipid showed a dose-dependent mortality against
aphids, producing about 50% mortality at 40 g/mL and 100% mortality at 100 g/mL. Microscopy analyses of aphids treated with
dirhamnolipid revealed that dirhamnolipid caused insect death by affecting cuticle membranes. This is the first report of
rhamnolipid as an insecticidal metabolite against M. persicae. Rhamnolipid shows potential for use as a pesticide to control
agricultural pests.
Answer 25:
Reversible inhibition of three important human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes by tiliroside. Sun, Dong-Xue; Lu,
Jin-Cai; Fang, Zhong-Ze; Zhang, Yan-Yan; Cao, Yun-Feng; Mao, Yu-Xi; Zhu, Liang-Liang; Yin, Jun; Yang, Ling. School of
Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Peop. Rep. China. Phytotherapy Research
(2010), 24(11), 1670-1675. Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., CODEN: PHYREH ISSN: 0951-418X. Journal written in English.
AN 2010:1627563 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
Tiliroside, an active flavonoid extensively found in many medicinal plants including Helichrysum italicum, Geranium mexicanum
and Helianthemum glomeratum, has been demonstrated to exert multiple biol. effects including antiinflammatory, antimicrobial,
antioxidant and antitumor activities. Cytochrome P 450 (CYP) enzymes play an important role in the Phase I oxidn. metab. of a
wide range of xenobiotics and inhibition of CYP isoforms might influence the elimination of drugs and induce serious adverse drug
response. The inhibition of seven CYP isoforms (CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C8 and CYP2E1) by
tiliroside was investigated using in vitro human liver microsomal incubation assays. The results showed that tiliroside strongly
inhibited the activity of CYP3A4 (IC50 = 9.0  1.7 M), CYP2C8 (IC50 = 12.1  0.9 M) and CYP2C9 (IC50 = 10.2  0.9 M) with
other CYP isoforms negligibly influenced. Further kinetic anal. showed that inhibition of these three CYP isoforms by tiliroside is
best fit to a competitive way. The Ki value was calcd. to be 5.5 M, 3.3 M, 9.4 M for CYP3A4, CYP2C9 and CYP2C8, resp.
The relatively low Ki values suggested that tiliroside might induce drug-drug interactions with many clin. used drugs which are
mainly metabolized by these three CYP isoforms. Therefore, attention should be given to the probable drug-drug interaction
between tiliroside-contg. herbs and substrates of CYP3A4, CYP2C9 and CYP2C8.
Answer 26:
Reduction of Campylobacter jejuni by natural antimicrobials in chicken meat-related conditions. Piskernik, Sasa;
Klancnik, Anja; Riedel, Charlotte Tandrup; Brondsted, Lone; Mozina, Sonja Smole. Department of Food Science and Technology,
Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Food Control (2010), Volume Date 2011, 22(5), 718-724.
Publisher: Elsevier Ltd., CODEN: FOOCEV ISSN: 0956-7135. Journal written in English. AN 2010:1617852 CAPLUS
Abstract
Nowadays it is essential to test new preservation and decontamination procedures using naturally occurring chems. against
important pathogenic bacteria in meat. We tested the antimicrobial effect of rosemary exts. and the bacteriocin nisin against
Campylobacter jejuni at a low storage temp. (8 C) with or without short-term pre-freezing. The antimicrobial effect of rosemary
ext. was four times greater in lab. media than in chicken meat juice. Furthermore, low temp. storage conditions prolonged the
survival of C. jejuni in chicken meat juice. Nisin, with an approx. 1.0 log redn. was neither effective alone nor in combination with
the ext. Pre-freezing with plant ext. addn. proved to be effective treatment by more than 3.0 log redn. in 48 h. The results in
chicken meat food model again showed the synergistic effect of freezing and plant ext. antimicrobial activity. As the combination
of pre-freezing and plant ext. treatment reduced the cell no. by more than 2.0 log redn., studies should be conducted to further
evaluate this promising treatment for Campylobacter redn. in the poultry meat supply.
Answer 27:
Sustained-release transdermal drug delivery system for treating ulcer and wound. Guo, Mintong; Miao, Wenfang; Bao,
Haiying; Yang, Chaolian. (Beijing Yiscon Technology Co., Ltd., Peop. Rep. China). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing (2010), 8pp.
CODEN: CNXXEV CN 101919799 A 20101222 Patent written in Chinese. Application: CN 2009-10259865 20091216.
Priority: CN 2009-10259865 20091216. CAN 154:73339 AN 2010:1612766 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder
(R))

CN 101919799 A 20101222 CN 2009-10259865 20091216
CN 2009-10259865 20091216
Abstract
The title drug delivery system comprises active drug 0.1-5000 mg, high-mol.-wt. polymer with adhesive effect 5-5000 mg, and
other adjuvants. The active drug is chem. drugs with antimicrobial and/or antiviral activity or plant-derived drugs with antimicrobial
and/or antiviral activity. The drug delivery system is prepd. by mixing the above ingredients to obtain a soln., and freeze-drying to
form dried gel. The inventive transdermal drug delivery system has high elasticity and softness and sustained-release effect.
Answer 28:
Streptomyces sp. BS062 having antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi and plant disease control agent using
the strain. Yoon, Bong Sik. (S. Korea). Repub. Korean Kongkae Taeho Kongbo (2010), 14pp. CODEN: KRXXA7 KR
2010132861 A 20101220 Patent written in Korean. Application: KR 2009-51666 20090610. Priority: KR 2009-51666
20090610. CAN 154:104706 AN 2010:1607285 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))

KR 2010132861 A 20101220 KR 2009-51666 20090610
KR 2009-51666 20090610
Abstract
The invention relates to Streptomyces sp. BS062 (KCTC 10978BP) having good antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi
including Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Magnaporthe grisea, Fulvia fulva, and Trichoderma sp., and a plant
disease control agent contg. the strain culture or culture residual soln. as effect component. Streptomyces sp. BS062 and its
culture can inhibit the growth of Botrytis cinerea, so pathogenicity is reduced, and the generation of diseases is inhibited. Botrytis
blight of various crops can be effectively prevented or treated.
Answer 29:
Alcohol-based skin cleanser. Eng, William. (R & W Medical, LLC, USA). U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. (2010), 16pp. CODEN:
USXXCO US 20100323939 A1 20101223 Patent written in English. Application: US 2009-488048 20090619. Priority: US
2009-488048 20090619. CAN 154:72525 AN 2010:1604590 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))

US 20100323939 A1 20101223 US 2009-488048 20090619
US 2009-488048 20090619
Abstract
The invention provides a compn. for cleansing skin comprising an emulsifiable org. solvent, such as ethanol or iso-Pr alc., water,
sodium benzoate, and a natural essential oil comprising a complex soln. of compds. derived from a plant having topical
antimicrobial activity. Natural essential oils useful as antimicrobials include tea tree, oregano, patchouli, rosemary, lemongrass,
rose geranium, wild lavender, clove, lemon, eucalyptus, palmarosa, sandalwood, ravensara, and thyme. The cleanser may
optionally include emollients, fragrances, thixotropic agents, chelating agents, antioxidants, and surfactants, such as glycerin, and
propylene glycerol. Antimicrobial efficacy of a compn. contg. propylnene glycol, oregano oil, sodium benzoate, and ethanol was
shown.
Answer 30:
Human health benefits, antimicrobial properties and the future of phenolic compounds as preservatives in the food
industry. de Nadra, Maria Cristina Manca; Vaquero, Maria Jose Rodriguez. Centro de referencias de lactobacillus
(Cerela)-CONICET, Facultad de Bioquimica, Quimica y Farmacia-Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, Tucuman, Argent.
Editor(s): O'Byrne, Paul. Red Wine and Health (2009), 467-485. Publisher: Nova Science Publishers, Inc., Hauppauge, N. Y
CODEN: 69NNFA Conference written in English. AN 2010:1599076 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
Phenolic compds. are found in fruit, vegetables, nuts, seeds, stems and flowers as well as tea, wine, propolis and honey, and
represent a common constituent of the human diet. Dietary flavonoids have attracted interest because they have a variety of
beneficial biol. properties, which may play an important role in the maintenance of human health. Flavonoids are potent
antioxidants, free radical scavengers and metal chelators; they inhibit lipid peroxidn. and exhibit various physiol. activities including
anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, anticarcinogenic, antihypertensive, antiarthritic and antimicrobial activities. Consumption of
phenol-rich beverages, fruit and vegetables has commonly been assocd. to a redn. of the risk of cardiovascular diseases in
epidemiol. studies and the regular consumption, during several weeks or months, was shown to reduce cholesterolemia, and
oxidative stress. The total polyphenols amts. detd. from the same plant and their corresponding antioxidant and antimicrobial
activities may vary widely, depending on extn. conditions applied. Food contamination and spoilage by microorganisms are a
serious problem because they have not yet been brought under adequate control despite the news preservation techniques
available. Food-borne illness resulting from consumption of food contaminated with pathogenic bacteria has been of vital concern
to public health. Unfortunately there is a dramatic increase throughout the world in the no. of reported cases of food-borne illness.
To reduce the incidence of food poisoning and spoilage by pathogenic microorganisms many synthetic chems. were utilized. The
exploration of natural antimicrobials for food preservation receives increased attention due to consumer awareness of natural food
products and a growing concern of microbial resistance towards conventional preservatives. The use of phenolic compds. as
antimicrobial agents would provide an addnl. benefits, including dual-function effects of both preservation and delivery health
benefits.
Knowing the antimicrobial effect of the phenolic compds. from vegetables on the principal pathogenic
microorganisms from the different foods, it is possible to search strategies to combine the synergic antimicrobial
effects of phenolic compds. with their natural biol. properties. The results will permit to formulate new products to be
used as food preservatives or to be included in the human diet.
Answer 31:
The Diversity and Anti-Microbial Activity of Endophytic Actinomycetes Isolated from Medicinal Plants in Panxi Plateau,
China. Zhao, Ke; Penttinen, Petri; Guan, Tongwei; Xiao, Jing; Chen, Qiang; Xu, Jun; Lindstroem, Kristina; Zhang, Lili; Zhang,
Xiaoping; Strobel, Gary A. Department of Microbiology, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural
University, Yaan, Peop. Rep. China. Current Microbiology (2011), 62(1), 182-190. Publisher: Springer, CODEN: CUMIDD
ISSN: 0343-8651. Journal; Online Computer File written in English. AN 2010:1593517 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on
SciFinder (R))
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicinal plants are sources of biol. active compds., providing raw material for pharmaceutical, cosmetic and
fragrance industries. The endophytes of medicinal plants participate in biochem. pathways and produce analogous or novel
bioactive compds. Panxi plateau in South-west Sichuan in China with its unique geog. and climatol. characteristics is a habitat of a
great variety of medicinal plants. In this study, 560 endophytic actinomycetes were isolated from 26 medicinal plant species in
Panxi plateau. 60 isolates were selected for 16S rDNA-RFLP anal. and 14 representative strains were chosen for 16S rDNA
sequencing. According to the phylogenetic anal., seven isolates were Streptomyces sp., while the remainder belonged to genera
Micromonospora, Oerskovia, Nonomuraea, Promicromonospora and Rhodococcus. Antimicrobial activity anal. combined with the
results of amplifying genes coding for polyketide synthetase (PKS-I, PKS-II) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) showed
that endophytic actinomycetes isolated from medicinal plants in Panxi plateau had broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and
potential natural product diversity, which further proved that endophytic actinomycetes are valuable reservoirs of novel bioactive
compds.
Answer 32:
Evaluation of spermicidal and antimicrobial activities of methanolic extract of Leucas aspera and structural elucidation
of separated active component. De, Biplab; Chakraborty, Avijit; Majumder, Tandrima; Chanda, Shilpi; Goswami, Binoy Behari.
Regional Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Agartala, India. Asian Journal of Chemistry (2011), 23(2),
826-828. Publisher: Asian Journal of Chemistry, CODEN: AJCHEW ISSN: 0970-7077. Journal written in English. AN
Abstract
The methanolic ext. of whole plant of Leucas aspera was evaluated for its spermicidal and antimicrobial activity. Total four
compds. were sepd. from the ext. by column chromatog. and the same activities were evaluated for the sepd. compds. also. The
structure of highest active component was elucidated.
Answer 33:
Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Wedelia trilobata and Morinda pubescens. Jayakumar, D.; Mary, S. Jhancy;
Santhi, R. Jaya. Post Graduate & Research Department of Chemistry, Auxilium College, Vellore, India. Asian Journal of
Chemistry (2011), 23(1), 305-308. Publisher: Asian Journal of Chemistry, CODEN: AJCHEW ISSN: 0970-7077. Journal
written in English. CAN 154:118161 AN 2010:1571557 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
The methanolic exts. of two Indian medicinal plants Wedelia trilobata (Linn.) and Morinda pubescens (Smith) belonging to the
families of Astraceae and Rubiaceae were investigated for the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was used as an in vitro model to evaluate the antioxidant activities of different parts of the
plants like root, stem, leaves, flower and fruit and it was compared with std. antioxidant L-ascorbic acid. Agar diffusion method
was used to study the antibacterial activity against seven bacterial strains in Nutrient-Agar media. In Wedelia trilobata, flower had
showed the highest antioxidant activity (99.12 %) at 800 g when compared to other parts of the plant and exhibited reasonable
good antibacterial activity and the inhibition was max. for Salmonella paratyphi and Bacillus cereus. The antioxidant activities of all
the parts of Morinda pubescens were min. and the root had exhibited highest antibacterial activity against Shigella sonnei with the
zone of growth inhibition 26 nm at 25 mg.
Answer 34:
Chemical composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil of Allium sphaerocephalon L. subsp.
sphaerocephalon (Liliaceae) inflorescences. Lazarevic, Jelena S.; Dordevic, Aleksandra S.; Zlatkovic, Bojan K.; Radulovic,
Niko S.; Palic, Radosav M. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Nis, Nis, Italy. Journal of
the Science of Food and Agriculture (2011), 91(2), 322-329. Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., CODEN: JSFAAE ISSN:
Abstract
Background: Allium sphaerocephalon is a wild-growing plant commonly used as an onion substitute. In this study the essential oil
obtained from A. sphaerocephalon subsp. sphaerocephalon inflorescences was analyzed by gas chromatog. and gas
chromatog./mass spectrometry and also evaluated for in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The obtained results are
reported for the first time and discussed with respect to the sulfur compds. detected in the essential oil. Results: Ninty-one
compds. were identified, representing 91.6% (wt./wt.) of the total oil. Major constituents of the analyzed sample were shyobunol
(15.3%), -caryophyllene (8.1%), -cadinol (7.8%), 3,5-diethyl-1,2,4-trithiolane (isomer II, 5.9%) and -cadinene (5.2%). The dild. oil
had an antioxidant capacity of 160 000  111 mol -tocopherol acetate equiv. g-1. Its antimicrobial activity was evaluated
against five bacterial and two fungal strains using the broth microdilution assay. Among the micro-organisms tested, the most
susceptible strains were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (minimal inhibitory/bactericidal concn. = 0.08/2.5 mg mL-1) and Aspergillus niger
(minimal inhibitory/fungicidal concn. = 0.31/0.63 mg mL-1). Conclusion: The results showed that the examd. species had strong
antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and are in accordance with the popular use of plants belonging to the genus Allium in
traditional medicine, emphasizing the necessity of further detailed study of the active principles in Allium species. Copyright 
2010 Society of Chem. Industry.
Answer 35:
Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical studies on some Indian medicinal plants against selected human pathogens.
Selvamohan, T.; MarakathaValli, T.; Sujitha, S. P. G. Department of Microbiology, Sivanthi Aditanar College, Nagercoil, Tamil
Nadu, India. Pharma Chemica (2010), 2(5), 38-45. Publisher: Scholars Research Library, CODEN: PCHHAX ISSN:
0975-413X. http://derpharmachemica.com/vol2-iss5/DPC-2010-2-5-38-45.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in English.
Abstract
The acetone, ethanol, methanol exts. of 10 plants were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against medically important bacteria
viz. Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Klebsiella sp., E. coli, Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas sp., Candida sp. The invitro
antimicrobial activity was performed by agar well diffusion method. The acetone and ethanol exts. were inactive compared to
methanol exts. The methanol exts. showed the max. antimicrobial activity against the test organisms. Amongst the plant species
screened, methanol ext. of Indian aloe showed max. inhibitory activity (44mm) against E. coli. The phyto-chem. anal. revealed the
presence of tannins, glycosides, flavonoids, reducing sugars, anthraquinones.
Answer 36:
Role of acidic sphingomyelinase in thymol-mediated dendritic cell death. Nguyen, Thi Xuan; Shumilina, Ekaterina;
Schmid, Evi; Bhavsar, Shefalee K.; Rexhepaj, Rexhep; Goetz, Friedrich; Gulbins, Erich; Lang, Florian. Department of
Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research (2010), 54(12), 1833-1841.
Publisher: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, CODEN: MNFRCV ISSN: 1613-4125. Journal written in English. AN
Abstract
Scope: Thymol is a component of several plants with antimicrobial activity. Little is known about the effects of thymol on immune
cells of the host. This study addressed the effects of thymol on dendritic cells (DCs), regulators of innate and adaptive
immunity. Methods and results: Immunohistochem., Western blotting and fluorescence-activated cell sorting anal. were performed
in bone marrow-derived DCs either from wild-type mice or from mice lacking acid sphingomyelinase (ASM-/-) treated and untreated
for 24 h with thymol (2-100 g/mL). Thymol treatment resulted in activation of ASM, stimulation of ceramide formation,
downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins, activation of caspase 3 and caspase 8, DNA fragmentation as well as
cell membrane scrambling. The effects were dependent on the presence of ASM and were lacking in ASM-/- mice or in wild-type
DCs treated with sphingomyelinase inhibitor amitriptyline. Conclusion: Thymol triggers suicidal DC death, an effect mediated by
and requiring activation of ASM.
Answer 37:
Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Kaempferia galanga for natural and
micropropagated plant. Hanumantharaju, N.; Shashidhara, S.; Rajasekharan, P. E.; Rajendra, C. E. Dept. of
Pharmacognosy, Government college of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences (2010), 2(Suppl. 4), 72-75. Publisher: International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CODEN:
IJPPKB ISSN: 0975-1491. http://www.ijppsjournal.com/Vol2Suppl4/761.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in English.
CAN 153:636214 AN 2010:1499389 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
Shoots and roots were induced from axillary buds of Kaempferia galanga when cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium
supplemented with NAA + BAP (0.1 mg + 1.0 mg/l). Liq. detergent (2%) + Alc. (70%) + Mercuric chloride (0.1%) used for surface
sterilization of explants. Rhizomes were developed after four months of transferring into earthen pots. The methanolic exts. of
both micropropagated plant rhizome and natural plant rhizome were screened for antimicrobial activities against two gram-neg. and
two gram-pos. pathogenic bacteria i.e. Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The
methanolic ext. of micropropagated plant was exhibited significant inhibition activity compared to natural plant ext. The antioxidant
activity of methanolic ext. of the rhizomes of micropropagated plant has not showed significant activity than natural plant rhizome
ext.
Answer 38:
A facile solvent free microwave induced synthesis of chlorine containing pyrazoline and isoxazoline derivatives and
their phytotic impact on some flowering plants and antimicrobial activity. Boob, Sonal D.; Rajput, P. R. Department of
Chemistry, Vidyabharati Mahavidyalaya, Amravati, India. Oriental Journal of Chemistry (2010), 26(3), 879-889. Publisher:
Oriental Scientific Publishing Co., CODEN: OJCHEG ISSN: 0970-020X. Journal written in English. CAN 154:182406 AN
Abstract
Eight New chlorine contg. 4-Aroyl/Alkoyl-2-pyrazolines and isoxazolines, e. g. I, have been synthesized with 80-85% yield by a
microwave promoted solvent-free condensation of 3-aroyl/alkoylflavanones 5a-d resp. with phenylhydrazine hydrochloride and
hydroxylaminehydrochloride over potassium carbonate. The work-up is simple and involves treatment with ice-cold water. A
considerable increase in the reaction rate has been obsd., with better yields. Growth promoting effect of the pyrazolines and
isoxazolines was studied.
Cl
OH
Cl
CO Bu
N
Ph
N
Ph I
Answer 39:
Environment-friendly buffering loess-based pavement composition for bicycle road. Kim, Seong Won; Lee, Geun
Gyeong; Kim, Yun Hoe; Song, Sun Beom. (Taelim Environment Co., Ltd., S. Korea; Yeosan Construction Co., Ltd.). Repub.
Korea (2010), 9pp. CODEN: KRXXFC KR 996674 B1 20101125 Patent written in Korean. Application: KR 2010-86107
SciFinder (R))

KR 996674 B1 20101125 KR 2010-86107 20100902
KR 2010-86107 20100902
Abstract
The title compn. comprises (by wt.%): active loess 15-25, white cement 3-7, fine SiO2 sand 5-10, antimicrobial agent-coated waste
rubber chip powder 4-8, scoria 1-2, waste ceramic 2-3, plant flavor-contg. nanoscale capsules 0.1-0.2, rosin-coated wood chips 1-2,
resin contg. herb, agar ext., and water-sol. acrylic urethane 25-35, ferric oxide 5-10, antimicrobial agent composed of nanoscale Ag
powder 0.1-0.3, UV isolator 1-1.5, anti-deterioration agent 2-3, tourmaline 0.2-0.5, and H2O 20-25. Besides, the compn. can
comprise fluorescent matter or light-storage matter. The plant flavor is Cosmos bipinnatus flavor, Acacia flavor, Rosa rugosa
flavor, Chestnut blossom flavor, or herb flavor. The UV isolator is oxybenzone or Zn oxide. The anti-deterioration agent is
naphthene hydrocarbon or isoparaffin hydrocarbon. The compn. has little CS2 discharge, and can release aroma and far IR.
Answer 40:
Phytochemical and biological studies of Plumeria rubra L. variety acutifolia grown in Egypt. Sengab, A. N.; Meselhy, K.
M.; Fahmy, H. A.; Sleem, A. A. Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Giza, Egypt.
Bulletin of the Faculty of Pharmacy (Cairo University) (2009), 47(3), 147-160. Publisher: Cairo University, Faculty of
Pharmacy, CODEN: BFPHA8 ISSN: 1110-0931. Journal written in English. AN 2010:1485839 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011
ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
GLC anal. of the USM of lipoidal matter of the leaves of Plumeria rubra L. var. acutifolia grown in Egypt revealed that it consisted
mainly of hydrocarbons (26.26%), arid sterols (56%). The fatty acids fraction comprised satd. fatty acids (63.66%) and unsatd.
fatty acids (34.4%). The hydrodistd. essential oil yield = 1.4 % v/w (calcd. on dry wt. basis) of the Plumeria rubra flowers was
subjected to GC/MS for qual. and quant. analyses. Oxygenated compds. were dominant; being 70.6%, while hydrocarbons
amounted to 25.07%. The main oxygenated compds. are farnesol, geraniol and phenylethyl benzoate, while the major
hydrocarbons are Me pentadecane and - terpinolene. Five compds. were isolated from the alc. ext. of the leaves and were
identified as lupeol nanoate, lupeol heptanoate, rubrinol glucoside, -sitosterol--D- glucoside, and plumeiride coumarate, on the
basis of their physicochem. characters and spectral analyses. The tested samples prepd. from the plant under investigation
exhibited significant biol. activities (analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, hepatoprotective,
antiwormal and antimicrobial activities).
Answer 41:
A study of the alcohol extract from balsam poplar buds. Isaeva, E. V.; Lozhkina, G. A.; Ryazanova, T. V. Siberian State
Technological University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia. Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry (2010), 36(7), 929-933. Publisher:
MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica, CODEN: RJBCET ISSN: 1068-1620. Journal; Online Computer File written in English. AN
Abstract
The compn. of ethanol-sol. substances from balsam poplar buds was detd. by the chromatog. and spectral methods of anal. It
was shown that the main group of compds. of the alc. ext. comprises neutral substances of which acyl glycerides and sterol
ethers account for more than 60%. The alc. ext. also contains sesquiterpenoids and flavonoids, substances having antimicrobial
action. The results of the study indicate that balsam poplar buds can be used as raw material for obtaining prepns. of different
action.
Answer 42:
Phyto-pharmacological profile of Ageratum conyzoides. Solanki, Jinal D.; Raiyani, Khodidas D.; Shah, Biren N.; Modi,
Dikshit C.; Shahu, Dipanshu. Department of Pharmacognosy, Vidybharti Trust College of Pharmacy, Umrakh, Gujarat, India.
Pharmacologyonline (2010), (2, Newsletter), 987-1004. Publisher: University of Salerno, CODEN: PHARI3 ISSN: 1827-8620.
http://www.unisa.it/download/1966_11225_780759119_106.Jarran.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in English. AN
Abstract
Ageratum conyzoides belongs to the family Asteraceae is very common in West Africa and some parts of Asia and South
America.. Phytochem. studies show that yield of oil from the petroleum ether ext. of the seed was 26 %. most common chem.
component of the essential oil of A. conyzoides is Chromene, chromone, benzofuran and coumarin. It has medicinal plant
properties like neuromuscular blocking activity, calcium blocking activity, analgesic activity, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant and
treatment of chronic pain in osteoarthrotic patients. However, it's limited for external use due to toxicity issues. It is also an
insecticide and nematicide. In this review we have reported the phytochem. and pharmacol. application of the plant.
Answer 43:
Phytochemical and pharmacological profile of miswak (Salvadora persica Linn salvadoraceae): an overview. Khan,
Wasimuzzama; Atar, Mujib; Shaikh, Tausif; Tambe, Rashmi; Katekar, S.; Rub, Rukhsana A. Dept. of Pharmacognosy, M.C.E.
Society's Allana college of Pharmacy, Pune, Maharashtra, India. Pharmacologyonline (2010), (2, Newsletter), 534-548.
Publisher: University of Salerno, CODEN: PHARI3 ISSN: 1827-8620.
http://www.unisa.it/download/1966_11225_540692100_62%20GirishREV.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in English. AN
Abstract
Miswak (Salvadora persica) is a desert plant of Salvadoraceae family and is commonly known as toothbrush tree as its roots and
branches are used as tooth cleaning sticks in many third world countries. It is also known as Mustard tree, Arak tree, Peelu tree
etc. It is a small evergreen tree with numerous, drooping and finely striated branches, with opposite, fleshy, elliptic-lanceolate or
ovate leaves and drupe, 3mm diam. globose, smooth fruits. The phytochem. review suggests the presence of wide range of
chem. constituents in various parts of the plant like; Salvadorine, trimethylamine, -tocopherol, -lonone, Salvadourea,
-sitosterol, Salvadoricine, rutin and quercetin, Benzylamides, 1-8-cineole, -caryophellene, -pinene, benzylisothio-cyanate etc.
Phytoconstituents like Trimethylamine and Salvadorine have been reported to have antibacterial, antiphlogistic and
gingiva-stimulating effect. The various exts. of the stem have been found to exhibit strong antimicrobial activity against wide
range of gram pos. and gram neg. bacteria esp. residing in oral flora. The stem is also reported to have significant
anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity justifying its use in dental prepns. The plant also has great antiplaque, antifungal,
antipyretic, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-ulcer, hypolipidemic and anticonvulsant activities.
Answer 44:
Anogeissus latifolia: a recent update on its chemistry and pharmacological application. Singh, Anudwipa; Singh, Akhilesh
V.; Nath, L. K.; Ghosh, T. K. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India.
Pharmacologyonline (2010), (2, Newsletter), 446-449. Publisher: University of Salerno, CODEN: PHARI3 ISSN: 1827-8620.
http://www.unisa.it/download/1966_11225_263682839_53.SharmaINS.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in English. AN
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to review current pharmacol. activity and chem. of Anogeissus latifolia. This plant contains a
great content of terpenoids and flavanoids which make this a plant with high antioxidant potential. This plant has been evaluated
for different pharmacol. activity like antimicrobial, anti-ulcer, wound healing and anthelmintic activity. This plant also produces one
gum exudate which is commonly known as ghatti gum, and extensively used as polymer in drug development process. Recently
this gum has been proved with anti-hyperlipidemic activity.
Answer 45:
A copal-8-ol diphosphate synthase from the angiosperm Cistus creticus subsp. creticus is a putative key enzyme for the
formation of pharmacologically active, oxygen-containing labdane-type diterpenes. Falara, Vasiliki; Pichersky, Eran;
Kanellis, Angelos K. Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI,
USA. Plant Physiology (2010), 154(1), 301-310. Publisher: American Society of Plant Biologists, CODEN: PLPHAY ISSN:
Abstract
The resin of Cistus creticus subsp. creticus, a plant native to Crete, is rich in labdane-type diterpenes with significant antimicrobial
and cytotoxic activities. The full-length cDNA of a putative diterpene synthase was isolated from a C. creticus trichome cDNA
library. The deduced amino acid sequence of this protein is highly similar (59%-70% identical) to type B diterpene synthases from
other angiosperm species that catalyze a protonation-initiated cyclization. The affinity-purified recombinant Escherichia
coli-expressed protein used geranylgeranyl diphosphate as substrate and catalyzed the formation of copal-8-ol diphosphate. This
diterpene synthase, therefore, was named CcCLS (for C. creticus copal-8-ol diphosphate synthase). Copal-8-ol diphosphate is
likely to be an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the oxygen-contg. labdane-type diterpenes that are abundant in the resin of this
plant. RNA gel-blot anal. revealed that CcCLS is preferentially expressed in the trichomes, with higher transcript levels found in
glands on young leaves than on fully expanded leaves, while CcCLS transcript levels increased after mech. wounding. Chem.
analyses revealed that labdane-type diterpene prodn. followed a similar pattern, with higher concns. in trichomes of young leaves
and increased accumulation upon wounding.
Answer 46:
Extracts of edible and medicinal plants damage membranes of Vibrio cholerae. Sanchez, Eduardo; Garcia, Santos;
Heredia, Norma. Departamento de Microbiologia e Inmunologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de
Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L., Mex. Applied and Environmental Microbiology (2010), 76(20), 6888-6894.
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology, CODEN: AEMIDF ISSN: 0099-2240. Journal written in English. AN
Abstract
The use of natural compds. from plants can provide an alternative approach against food-borne pathogens. The mechanisms of
action of most plant exts. with antimicrobial activity have been poorly studied. In this work, changes in membrane integrity,
membrane potential, internal pH (pHin), and ATP syntheis were measured in Vibrio cholerae cells after exposure to exts. of edible
and medicinal plants. A preliminary screen of methanolic, ethanolic, and aq. exts. of medicinal and edible plants was performed.
Minimal bactericidal concns. (MBCs) were measured for exts. showing high antimicrobial activity. Our results indicate that
methanolic exts. of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), nopal cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica var. Villanueva L.), sweet acacia (Acacia
farnesiana L.), and white sagebrush (Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.) are the most active against V. cholera, with MBCs ranging from
0.5 to 3.0 mg/mL. Using four fluorogenic techniques, we studied the membrane integrity of V. cholerae cells after exposure to
these four exts. Exts. from these plants were able to disrupt the cell membranes of V. cholerae cells, causing increased
membrane permeability, a clear decrease in cytoplasmic pH, cell membrane hyperpolarization, and a decrease in cellular ATP
concn. in all strains tested. These four plant exts. could be studied as future alternatives to control V. cholerae contamination in
foods and the diseases assocd. with this microorganism.
Answer 47:
A method for extraction of fractions containing pharmacologically active ingredients with less cytotoxicity from one or
more plants. Chitre, Deepa; Dey, Debendranath. (Bio-Ved Pharmaceuticals, Pvt. Ltd., India). PCT Int. Appl. (2010),
34pp. CODEN: PIXXD2 WO 2010134100 A2 20101125 Designated States W: AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG,
BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM,
GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN,
MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH,
TJ. Designated States RW: AT, BE, CH, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, IE, IS, IT, LU, MC, MT, NL, NO, PT, SE, SM, TR, BF,
BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG. Patent written in English. Application: WO 2010-IN350 20100521.
Priority: IN 2009-MU1284 20090522. CAN 153:651338 AN 2010:1464129 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder
(R))

WO 2010134100 A2 20101125 WO 2010-IN350 20100521
WO 2010134100 A3 20110127
AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM, AP, EA, EP, OA
IN 2009MU01284 A 20101126 IN 2009-MU1284 20090522
IN 2009-MU1284 A 20090522
Abstract
A method of obtaining one or more fractions from one or more plants is disclosed. The method includes subjecting one or more
parts of the one or more plants to hydro-alc. extn. in presence of a water-insol. solvent to obtain one or more exts. The method
further includes subjecting the one or more exts. to one or more of de-pigmentation, de-fatting and detoxification process to obtain
the one or more fractions. The one or more fractions thus obtained contain a desired pharmacol. active ingredient in concn. greater
than concns. of other pharmacol. active ingredients present in the at least one fraction. Further, the one or more fractions are less
toxic as compared with corresponding one or more fractions obtained by conventional methods. In addn., the one or more
fractions are therapeutically more effective in various diseases as compared to one or more fractions obtained by conventional
methods. Coarse powder of dried stems from Andrographis paniculata were extd. using a mixt. of 5 L chloroform and 1.5 L 6O %
methanol. The chloroform layer was dried and then dissolved in hexane. The hexane soln. was filtered and the filtrate was dried
and analyzed. The concn. of pharmacol. active ingredients (esp. andrographolide) obtained was 30 - 50 % greater than that
obtained just using methanol in the extn. process. The ext. had anti-inflammatory activity.
Answer 48:
Volatile constituents and biological activities of Pycnostachys abyssinica and Pycnostachys eminii extracts. Hussien,
Jemal; Hymete, Ariaya; Rohloff, Jens. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Jimma University,
Jimma, Ethiopia. Pharmaceutical Biology (London, United Kingdom) (2011), Volume Date 2010, 48(12), 1384-1391. Publisher:
Informa Healthcare, CODEN: PHBIFC ISSN: 1388-0209. Journal written in English. AN 2010:1458319 CAPLUS (Copyright
Abstract
Context: Pycnostachys abyssinica Fresen and Pycnostachys eminii Guerke (Lamiaceae) are used in traditional Ethiopian medicine
against eye and skin infections, "Mitch disease", and dysentery.Objective: Our study was aimed at characterizing essential oil
(EO), phytochem. groups, and antimicrobial and anthelmintic activity of exts. to underscore the species' indigenous medicinal
use.Materials and methods: Plant organs of Pycnostachys species were subjected to hydrodistn., and essential oils (EO) analyzed
by GC-MS. Phytochem. compds., antimicrobial (diffusion assay) and anthelmintic activity (bioassay) of gradient solvent exts. of
different polarity were studied.Results: In the stem and root EO of P. abyssinica, 25 (99%) and 30 (99.79%) compds. were
detected resp., with estragole (70.4%) (stem) and exo-fenchyl acetate (30.6%) (root) as the most abundant compds. In leaf, stem
and root EO of P. eminii, 30 (90.66%), 27 (90.59%) and 27 (99.96%) compds. were detected, resp., with high levels of
-caryophyllene (from 18.08% to 28.85%) and germacrene D (from 15.1% to 22.06%). Alkaloids, saponins, phytosterols,
flavonoids, polyphenols, diterpenoids and carotenoids were detected in Pycnostachys. Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol
exts. showed distinct antimicrobial effects with generally higher potential activity of lipophilic and semi-lipophilic fractions. Leaf
and root methanol exts. of both species showed lethal activity against earthworms.Discussion: Identified EO constituents and
phytochem. groups underscore the obsd. antifungal, antibacterial and anthelmintic activity of Pycnostachys gradient solvent
exts.Conclusion: EO anal., phytochem. screening, and antimicrobial and anthelmintic assays indicate the biol. potential of
Pycnostachys species from Ethiopia, and emphasize their pharmacol. and indigenous applications.
Answer 49:
Secondary metabolites investigation and its derivatives on Cassia occidentalis. Ranjithkumar, Janaky; Sivasankari, K.;
Sekar, T. PG and Research Department of Botany, Pachayappas College, Chennai, India. Journal of Chemical and
Pharmaceutical Research (2010), 2(4), 371-377. Publisher: Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, CODEN:
JCPRC5 ISSN: 0975-7384. http://jocpr.com/vol2-iss4-2010/JCPR-2-4-371-377.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in
Abstract
The comparative studies of secondary metabolites investigation used in pharmacognostic drug research using qual. test is been
performed on Cassia occidentalis leaf as well as stem; belongs to family Ceasalpinieaceae. This plant is of high economic value
due to the presence of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The samples extd. using various solvents like Ethanol, Methanol, Et
acetate and water to detect the presence of active components. The phytochem. screening revealed the presence of
carbohydrate glycosides, alkaloids, phenols, flavanoid, aminoacid, coumarine and phytosterols. Since it contains high proportion
of phenols and alkaloid, it is reliable to possess antioxidant and anticancer activity.
Answer 50:
Integral antioxidative capacity and antimicrobial activity of pressurized liquid extracts from 40 selected plant species.
Kang, Mi-Ae; Kim, Mi-Bo; Kim, Ji-Hun; Ko, Young-Hwan; Lim, Sang-Bin. Dept. of Food Bioengineering, Jeju National University,
Jeju, S. Korea. Han'guk Sikp'um Yongyang Kwahak Hoechi (2010), 39(9), 1249-1256. Publisher: Korean Society of Food
Science and Nutrition, CODEN: HSYHFB ISSN: 1226-3311. Journal written in Korean. AN 2010:1448974 CAPLUS
Abstract
Forty natural plants collected in Jeju, Jeonnam-Goheung, and Gyeongbuk-Ulleung were extd. using a pressurized liq. Extn. yields
of total sol. solids and total phenolics (TP), and integral antioxidative capacity (IAC) were measured, and antimicrobial activity was
tested against Streptococcus parauberis, Streptococcus iniae, Edwardsiella tarda, and Vibrio ordalii. Jipsinnamul showed the
highest content of TP (174.4 mg GAE/g), followed by Mulchamnamu (116.9), Seoeonamu (113.3), and Buknamu (108.2). Percent
TP/TSS was high in Jipsinnamul (72.6%), Seoeonamu (47.3%), Mulchamnamu (46.4%), Jageumu (40.2%), and Baneulkkot (40.1%),
resp. Magamok, Nadosongipul, Buknamu, Mulchamnamu, and Seoeonamu showed 5.81, 3.96, 3.63, 3.63, and 3.34 mmol ascorbic
acid equiv./g of IAC of water-sol. substances, and Seoeonamu, Magamok, Seipijilpul, Mulchamnamu, Baneulkkot, and
Seomgirincho showed 8.51, 6.57, 5.68, 3.85, 3.83, and 3.69 mmol Trolox equiv./g of IAC of lipid-sol. substances, resp. Only nine
species such as Baneulkkot, Dokhwal, Jipsinnamul, Mulchamnamu, Nadosongipul, Seipijilpul, Seoeonamu, Seomgirincho, and
Sumbadi of 40 selected plants showed the antimicrobial activity against four bacteria tested. Jipsinnamul showed the strong
antimicrobial activity against S. iniae, while Dokhwal, Nadosongipul, and Sumbadi against S. parauberis and S. iniae, and
Mulchamnamu, Seoeonamu, and Seipijilpul against V. ordalii.
Answer 51:
Study on the anti-microbial activity of Xinjunan to 15 plant pathogens. Li, Liangkong; Yuan, Shankui; Yan, Qingping; Cui,
Xiaolan; Jiang, Hui. Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, Peop. Rep. China. Nongyao
Kexue Yu Guanli (2010), 31(7), 32-34. Publisher: Nongyebu Nongyao Jiandingso, CODEN: NKYGEH ISSN: 1002-5480.
Journal written in Chinese. AN 2010:1442835 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
The anti-microbial activity of Xinjunan to 10 plant pathogenic fungi and 5 plant pathogenic bacteria were detd. by the methods of
mycelial lineal growth method and spectrophotometric method. The results showed that the Xinjunan with widely anti-microbial
activity. For the tested fungi, the Xinjunan is the most effective on the mycelial growth of Fulvia fulva, with its EC50 value of
4.318 g/mL, and with lower effective on the other pathogenic fungi, but the EC50 values are all lower than 100 g/mL. Xinjunan
has excellent effect on the tested bacteria, and specially effect on Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum, with the EC50
values of 0.1749 g/mL, and the EC50 values for the other 4 bacteria are all lower than 5 g/mL.
Answer 52:
Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Abutilon indicum. Kaushik, Dhirender; Khokra, Sukhbir. L.; Kaushik,
Pawan; Sharma, Chetan; Aneja, K. R. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana,
India. Pharmacologyonline (2010), (1), 102-108. Publisher: University of Salerno, CODEN: PHARI3 ISSN: 1827-8620.
http://www.unisa.it/download/1966_11225_1108577562_12.ex41.revised%20manuscr$ Journal; Online Computer File written in
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of chloroform fraction of alc. ext. of whole
plant of Abutilon indicum belonging to Malvaceae family. The ext. was screened for antioxidant and free radical scavenging
effects at various concns. (100, 300 and 500 g/mL) by reducing power assay and DPPH free radical scavenging method. All
these antioxidant activities were concn. dependent which were compared with std. antioxidants such as BHA and ascorbic acid.
The antimicrobial activity was studied using the agar well diffusion assay. Ext. of Abutilon indicum was found to be most
effective against Staphylococcus aureus followed by Bacillus sublitis whereas in case of Gram neg. bacteria, ext. was found to be
most effective against Escherichia coli showing the max. zone of inhibition followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The activity of
the ext. against S. aureus and B. subtilis was comparable to that of std. drug ciprofloxacin. Interestingly, the ethanolic ext.
showed high activity against C. albicans than that of std. drug amphotericin B.
Answer 53:
Phytochemical and antidermatophytic activity of methanolic extract of Anogeissus accuminata leaves. Hemamalini, K.;
Gopalakrishnan, S. Teegala Ram Reddy College of Pharmacy, India. Pharmacologyonline (2010), (1, Newsletter), 507-511.
Publisher: University of Salerno, CODEN: PHARI3 ISSN: 1827-8620.
http://www.unisa.it/download/1966_11225_57020207_54.Reddy.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in English. AN
Abstract
The antidermatophytic activity of methanol ext. of the leaf of Anogeissus accuminata was evaluated against three species of
dermatophytes viz. Trichophyton mentagrophytes (MTCC8476), T. Rubrum (MTAA8477) and Microsporum gypseum (MTCC8469)
by min. inhibitory concn. (MIC) and zone of inhibition (ZOI) study. The ext. shows a varying degree of potential inhibitory effect
against the tested pathogens. T. mentagrophytes was found to be the most sensitive while M. gypseum was the least sensitive
among the tested pathogens. Important bioactive constituents like tannin and flavonoids are detected in the methanol ext. of leaf
which may be responsible for the obsd. antimicrobial activity of the plant.
Answer 54:
Planting sleeve with biocidal or biostatic properties for protection of cultivated plants during growth phase.
Duerrbeck, Joachim; Duerrbeck, Ludwig; Israel, Gerhard. (Gebr. Duerrbeck Kunststoffe GmbH, Germany). Ger. Offen. (2010),
13pp.; Chemical Indexing Equivalent to 153:573319 (WO). CODEN: GWXXBX DE 102009003164 A1 20101118 Patent written in
German. Application: DE 2009-102009003164 20090515. Priority: DE 2009-102009003164 20090515. CAN 153:573320 AN

DE 102009003164 A1 20101118 DE 2009-102009003164 20090515
WO 2010130831 A1 20101118 WO 2010-EP56658 20100514
DE 2009-102009003164 A 20090515
Abstract
The invention relates to a planting sleeve, particularly for protecting cultivated plants during the growth phase, comprising a wall
made of at least one material and a lumen, said planting sleeve being characterized in that the planting sleeve has biostatic and/or
biocidal properties owing to the phys. properties thereof and/or the chem. compn. thereof. The invention further relates to a
corresponding method and a cultivation assembly for cultivating plants.
Answer 55:
Planting sleeve with biocidal or biostatic properties for protection of cultivated plants during growth phase.
Duerrbeck, Joachim; Duerrbeck, Ludwig; Israel, Gerhard. (Gebr. Duerrbeck Kunststoffe GmbH, Germany). PCT Int. Appl.
(2010), 35pp.; Chemical Indexing Equivalent to 153:573320 (DE). CODEN: PIXXD2 WO 2010130831 A1 20101118
Designated States W: AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ,
DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR,
KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL,
PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ. Designated States RW: AT, BE, CH, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI,
FR, GB, GR, IE, IS, IT, LU, MC, MT, NL, NO, PT, SE, SM, TR, BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG. Patent
written in German. Application: WO 2010-EP56658 20100514. Priority: DE 2009-102009003164 20090515. CAN 153:573319

WO 2010130831 A1 20101118 WO 2010-EP56658 20100514
DE 102009003164 A1 20101118 DE 2009-102009003164 20090515
DE 2009-102009003164 A 20090515
Abstract
The invention relates to a planting sleeve, particularly for protecting cultivated plants during the growth phase, comprising a wall
made of at least one material and a lumen, said planting sleeve being characterized in that the planting sleeve has biostatic and/or
biocidal properties owing to the phys. properties thereof and/or the chem. compn. thereof. The invention further relates to a
corresponding method and a cultivation assembly for cultivating plants.
Answer 56:
Biological synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using plant leaf extracts and antimicrobial application. Kim,
Beom Soo; Song, Jae Yong. Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, S.
Korea. Editor(s): Hou, Ching T.; Shaw, Jei-Fu. Biocatalysis and Biomolecular Engineering, [Selected Papers presented at the
International Symposium on Biocatalysis and Biotechnology], 4th, Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 19-21, 2008 (2010), Meeting Date 2008,
447-457. Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, N. J CODEN: 69NERT Conference written in English. AN
Abstract
A review describes the biol. synthesis of gold, silver, and gold/silver bimetal nanoparticles using plant leat exts. It discusses the
antimicrobial application of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles by coating on latex foam products.
Answer 57:
Preliminary phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Samadera indica. Viswanad, Vidya; Aleykutty, N. A.
Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Cochin, India. International Journal of Chemical Sciences (2010),
8(3), 1705-1708. Publisher: Sadguru Publications, CODEN: IJCSIL ISSN: 0972-768X. Journal written in English. AN
Abstract
The plant Samadera indica is widely used as an antimicrobial agent from ancient times. According to literature, this plant has been
less explored for its antimicrobial activity. In this study, the antibacterial activity of this plant was studied using hexane and
toluene exts. by agar well diffusion method. Phytochem. study was carried out to find the presence of various phytoconstituents.
Zone of inhibition was obsd., which led to the conclusion that these exts. of Samadera indica possess antibacterial activity.
Answer 58:
Enhancement of Plant Essential Oils' Aqueous Solubility and Stability Using Alpha and Beta Cyclodextrin. Samperio,
Cristian; Boyer, Renee; Eigel, William N.; Holland, Kevin W.; McKinney, Julie S.; O'Keefe, Sean F.; Smith, Richard; Marcy,
Joseph E. Department of Food Science & Technology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA. Journal of Agricultural and Food
Chemistry (2010), 58(24), 12950-12956. Publisher: American Chemical Society, CODEN: JAFCAU ISSN: 0021-8561. Journal
Abstract
Sodium benzoate was shown to produce benzene in combination with ascorbic acid. This has led to research for safe alternatives
from plant essential oils and parabens that have shown some antimicrobial activity, but many of these compds. exhibit poor soly.
in aq. solns. Cyclodextrins can increase the soly. of many compds. This work aimed to investigate the soly. of 23 plant essential
oils and 4 parabens in water and an apple juice medium. Four of these compds. were chosen for their low aq. soly. to det. if
complexing the compd. with - and -cyclodextrin would increase soly. Three of the complexes were dissolved in an acidified aq.
soln. and then studied in glass and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to det. if storage material would affect the stability. Soly. of
the 27 compds. in distd. water ranged from 1.6 mg/L to 2460.6 mg/L and the soly. of 18 of the compds. decreased from 2.5 to
84.7% in apple juice medium (pH = 3.4, 12-13 Brix). Complexation with cyclodextrin dramatically increased the soly. of the
compds.,  10-fold. Packaging material had no effect on concn. of compds. present over 7 days. Cyclodextrins were able to
increase soly. of these compds. to more suitable concns., and may lead to viable natural alternatives to sodium benzoate.
Answer 59:
Screening for antimicrobial activity in Acanthus ilicifolius. Ganesh, S.; Jannet Vennila, J. Department of Bioinformatics,
Karunya University, Coimbatore, India. Archives of Applied Science Research (2010), 2(5), 311-315. Publisher: Scholars
Research Library, CODEN: AASRC9 ISSN: 0975-508X.
http://www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com/aasr-vol2-iss5/AASR-2010-2-5-311-315.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of ethanol, methanol and aq. exts. of leaf, stem and root of Acanthus ilicifolius were studied. These
created an interest to test the possible antimicrobial activity of the different part of this plant, which has not been reported. The
cub-plate agar diffusion method was employed to assess the antimicrobial activity of the prepd. ext. Eleven test microorganisms
were used in this study. Microorganism were grown overnight at 37C in the Mueller-Hinton broth at pH 7.4. The data obtained
were subjected to ANOVA test to det. the significance exts. in antimicrobial activity of Acanthus ilicifolius. ANOVA test of data on
the antimicrobial activity of aq., ethanol and methanol exts. on Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus plantarum, Salmonella paratyphi
B, Shigella dycentreae, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus,
Staphylococcus albus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, revealed that the solvent used in extn. procedure had significant effect (P<0.05)
on the level of significant obsd. The inhibitory effect of the exts. on Lacto bacillus acidophillus showed no significant difference
(P>0.05) between ext. concn. The most active antimicrobial parts were aq. root, ethanol stem and methanol leaf. The ethanol,
methanol and aq. exts. of the different parts of the Acanthus ilicifolius exhibited strong to moderate activity against test
microorganism. The effect exhibited by ethanol ext. was significantly higher than that produced by methanol andaq. ext.
However, the length of incubation produced significant effect (P>0.05).
Answer 60:
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of volatiles from Degenia velebitica, a European stenoendemic plant of
the Brassicaceae family. Mastelic, Josip; Blazevic, Ivica; Kosalec, Ivan. Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of
Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Split, Hung. Chemistry & Biodiversity (2010), 7(11), 2755-2765. Publisher:
Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta, CODEN: CBHIAM ISSN: 1612-1872. Journal written in English. CAN 154:104872 AN
Abstract
Free and glucosidic bound leaf volatiles of Degenia velebitica were isolated and fractionated simultaneously into H2O-sol.,
H2O-insol., and highly volatile compds. by hydrodistn.-adsorption (HDA) and analyzed by GC/MS. Among the 24 constituents
identified, the main compds. obtained by the HDA method were S- and/or N-atom contg. compds., i.e.,
6-(methylsulfanyl)hexanenitrile (10; 26.78%), di-Me trisulfide (6; 26.35%), 3,4,5-trimethylpyrazole (17; 13.33%), hex-5-enenitrile (2;
10.11%), di-Me tetrasulfide (8; 4.93%), and pent-4-enyl isothiocyanate (7; 4.45%). In addn., O-glycosidically bound volatiles and
free volatiles were isolated by solvent extn. Sixteen volatile O-aglycons and twelve free volatile components were identified. The
main O-aglycons were eugenol (19; 24.15%), 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (11; 11.50%), and benzyl alc. (20; 9.49%), and the main free
volatiles were (9Z,12Z)-octa-9,12-dienic acid (38.35%), hexadecanoic acid (22.64%), and phytol (5.80%). The H2O-sol. volatile
fraction obtained by HDA, contg. mostly glucosinolate degrdn. products and 3,4,5-trimethylpyrazole (17), was evaluated for
antimicrobial activity by detg. inhibition zones with the diffusion method as well as minimal inhibitory concns. (MIC) and minimal
microbicidal concns. (MMC) with the micro-diln. method. The fraction expressed activity against the tested Gram-pos. and
Gram-neg. bacteria as well as against yeast, with MIC values equal to or lower than 16.7 g/mL.
Answer 61:
Antimicrobial activity of fatty acids from fruits of Peucedanum cervaria and P. alsaticum. Skalicka-Wozniak, Krystyna;
Los, Renata; Glowniak, Kazimierz; Malm, Anna. Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of
Lublin, 1 Chodzki, Lublin, Pol. Chemistry & Biodiversity (2010), 7(11), 2748-2754. Publisher: Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta,
CODEN: CBHIAM ISSN: 1612-1872. Journal written in English. CAN 154:128241 AN 2010:1415573 CAPLUS (Copyright
Abstract
Plants of the genus Peucedanum have been used in traditional medicine for a long time to treat different diseases including
infectious diseases. The hexane fruit exts. of Peucedanum cervaria and P. alsaticum were examd. for antimicrobial activity and
analyzed for their fatty acid content. Fatty acid compn. of oils were analyzed by GC/FID in Me ester form. MICs of fatty acid
fractions against twelve ref. bacterial and yeast strains were performed by the twofold serial microdilution broth method. Fourteen
fatty acids were identified. Oleic and linoleic acids were found to be dominant. The exts. from both plants examd. exhibited
inhibitory effects against Gram-pos. strains tested with different MIC values (0.25-2 mg/mL); however, ext. from P. alsaticum
possessed stronger antibacterial properties and a broader spectrum. The growth of Gram-neg. bacteria and Candida spp. strains
was not inhibited even at the highest ext. concn. used (MIC>4 mg/mL). Std. fatty acids exhibited inhibitory effects towards all
bacterial and yeast strains used in this study; however, the majority of bacteria were more sensitive to linoleic than to oleic acid.
These results revealed, for the first time, that hexane exts. obtained from fruits of P. alsaticum and P. cervaria possess moderate
in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-pos. bacteria including staphylococci. Linoleic and oleic acids appear to be the compds.
responsible for this effect, and a synergistic antimicrobial effect between these two fatty acids was indicated.
Answer 62:
Geranium macrorrhizum L. (Geraniaceae) essential oil: A potent agent against Bacillus subtilis. Radulovic, Niko S.;
Dekic, Milan S.; Stojanovic-Radic, Zorica Z.; Zoranic, Suad K. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics,
University of Nis, Nis, Serbia. Chemistry & Biodiversity (2010), 7(11), 2783-2800. Publisher: Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta,
CODEN: CBHIAM ISSN: 1612-1872. Journal written in English. CAN 154:59993 AN 2010:1415568 CAPLUS (Copyright
Abstract
The volatile hydrodistd. compds. from aerial parts and rhizomes of the ethnopharmacol. highly valued plant species Geranium
macrorrhizum L. were screened for their antimicrobial activity in disk-diffusion and microdilution assays. The assays pointed out
to a very high and selective activity of the oils against Bacillus subtilis with min. inhibitory concns. (MIC) of 0.4-1.0 g/mL. This
prompted us to perform detailed compositional analyses of the oils. GC and GC/MS analyses allowed the identification of 283
constituents. The oils consisted mainly of sesquiterpenoids, the main ones being germacrone (49.7% in the oil from aerial parts)
and -guaiene (49.2% in rhizome oil). Significant qual. and quant. compositional differences in the oils from the two plant parts
were obsd. Further antimicrobial testing enabled us to det. that germacrone, the major constituent of the oil from aerial parts, was
not the sole agent responsible for the obsd. activity.
Answer 63:
Potential of Cameroonian plants and derived products against microbial infections: a review. Kuete, Victor.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon. Planta Medica (2010), 76(14), 1479-1491.
Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag, CODEN: PLMEAA ISSN: 0032-0943. Journal; General Review written in English. AN
Abstract
In Cameroon, infectious diseases are amongst the most commonly notified diseases and largest cause of mortality. Many plants
are used locally in traditional medicine for their treatment. The aim of the present review is to summarize currently available
evidence and knowledge concerning Cameroonian plants used to treat bacterial and fungal infections, and the efficacy of
plant-derived exts. and compds. The traditional uses of plants in the treatment of infectious diseases have been collected and
tabulated. The antimicrobial activity of the exts. and the chem. constituents of most of these plants are summarized in this report.
Plants used traditionally in Cameroonian medicine, with lab. work on any part or products, have been documented. Numerous
exts. and compds. have been tested for antimycobacterial, antibacterial and antifungal efficacy and some of them were
significantly active. Most of the bioactive compds. isolated were phenolics and alkaloids. In conclusion, many plant species are
used in traditional medicine in Cameroon to treat infectious diseases, and several interesting openings have originated for further
inquiry following in vitro antimicrobial activity evaluation. However, much work is still to be done to standardize methods and
cut-off points for describing the antimicrobial activity, and on the study of the mechanisms of action.
Answer 64:
Applications of lactic acid bacteria-produced bacteriocins. Collins, Barry; Cotter, Paul D.; Hill, Colin; Ross, R. Paul.
Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ire. Editor(s): Mozzi, Fernanda; Raya, Raul R.; Vignolo, Graciela M.
Biotechnology of Lactic Acid Bacteria (2010), 89-109. Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell, Ames, Iowa CODEN: 69NECE Conference
Abstract
Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by a wide variety of bacteria, including the lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are
active against other Gram (+) bacteria. The fact that LAB bacteriocins frequently exhibit activity against significant spoilage and
disease-causing bacteria means that there are also a broad no. of ways in which they could be applied, for example, shelf-life
extension, bio-preservation, control of the fermn. flora, and potentially as clin. antimicrobials. While there is obvious merit in
identifying and investigating versatile broad-spectrum bacteriocins, there is also scope for the exploitation of those with a narrow
spectrum for the targeting esp. problematic species. The ways in which LAB bacteriocins have been applied and an assessment of
their potential future applications will be reviewed here. In addn., as com. interest in bacteriocins grows, it is becoming increasingly
important to assess the possibility of the development of resistance to specific bacteriocins among target species. Thus a
literature review to assess the likelihood of such an occurrence is also included.
Answer 65:
Natural micro and nanobiocomposites with enhanced barrier properties and novel functionalities for food biopackaging
applications. Sanchez-Garcia, Maria D.; Lopez-Rubio, Amparo; Lagaron, Jose M. IATA, Novel Materials and Nanotechnology
Group, CSIC, Valencia, Spain. Trends in Food Science & Technology (2010), 21(11), 528-536. Publisher: Elsevier Ltd.,
CODEN: TFTEEH ISSN: 0924-2244. Journal written in English. AN 2010:1394070 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on
SciFinder (R))
Abstract
The incorporation of nanoclays, micro and nanofibers of cellulose and carbon nanofibers and nanotubes into bioplastics is
attracting a great deal of research interest regarding improvement of general phys. properties in plastics and bioplastics. The
present overview shows, beyond the reviewed state of the art, nanobiocomposites specifically developed for food packaging
applications, in which mainly cellulose biofibers, their highly cryst. building nanoblocks and food contact complying non-MMT
(non-montmorillonite) nanoclays have been used in melt blending and soln. casting processing routes to improve the barrier
properties to gases and vapors and to impart addnl. functionalities to biopackaging plastics. Bar rier properties are known to be
very strong limiting factors for the current widespread application of, mainly, biopolyesters in self-life extension of biopackaged
foods. The paper specifically exemplifies on novel functionalities by showing novel nanobiocomposite films of biopolyesters with
enhanced gas, vapor and UV barrier and simultaneously exhibiting controlled release capacity of an antimicrobial and antioxidant
natural plant ext. of interest in active antimicrobial food biopackaging applications.
Answer 66:
Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of five wild plants against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and
Staphylococcus aureus. Jain, Pranay; Bansal, Dinesh; Bhasin, Pragya; Anjali. Department of Biotechnology, University
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India. Journal of Pharmacy Research (2010),
3(6), 1260-1262. Publisher: Journal of Pharmacy Research, CODEN: JPROFW ISSN: 0974-6943.
http://jpronline.info/article/view/2508/1374 Journal; Online Computer File written in English. AN 2010:1390044 CAPLUS
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of plant oils and exts. has been recognized for many years. In the present study, the antibacterial
activity of methanol and hexane leaf exts. of Datura stramonium, Ricinus communis, Calotropis gigantean, Malva verticillata and
Malvastrum coromandelium was evaluated against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis by agar well
diffusion method. The max. antimicrobial activity expressed in terms of zone of inhibition was shown by methanol and hexane leaf
exts. of Datura stramonium (29 to 35mm) followed by Ricinus communis (15 to 24mm), Calotropis gigantean (12 to 25mm) and
Malva verticillata (12 to 16mm) against all the test organisms. The present study also revealed that methanolic leaf exts. exhibited
more effective antibacterial activity as compared to hexane exts. Phytochem. screening of leaf exts. of five wild plants revealed
the presence of steroids, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides as active components in both methanol and hexane exts. Tannins
were found to be absent in both the exts. This study scientifically validates the use of plants as a potent antibacterial agents.
Answer 67:
Hypoxylon sp., an Endophyte of Persea indica, Producing 1,8-Cineole and Other Bioactive Volatiles with Fuel Potential.
Tomsheck, Angela R.; Strobel, Gary A.; Booth, Eric; Geary, Brad; Spakowicz, Dan; Knighton, Berk; Floerchinger, Cody; Sears,
Joe; Liarzi, Orna; Ezra, David. Department of Plant Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA. Microbial
Ecology (2010), 60(4), 903-914. Publisher: Springer, CODEN: MCBEBU ISSN: 0095-3628. Journal; Online Computer File
Abstract
An endophytic fungus of Persea indica was identified, on the basis of its anamorphic stage, as Nodulosporium sp. by SEM. Partial
sequence anal. of ITS rDNA revealed the identity of the teleomorphic stage of the fungus as Hypoxylon sp. It produces an
impressive spectrum of volatile org. compds. (VOCs), most notably 1,8-cineole, 1-methyl-1,4-cyclohexadiene, and tentatively
identified (+)--methylene--fenchocamphorone, among many others, most of which are unidentified. Six-day-old cultures of
Hypoxylon sp. displayed maximal VOC-antimicrobial activity against Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Cercospora
beticola, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum suggesting that the VOCs may play some role in the biol. of the fungus and its survival in its
host plant. Media contg. starch- or sugar-related substrates best supported VOC prodn. by the fungus. Direct online quantification
of VOCs was measured by proton transfer mass spectrometry covering a continuous range with optimum VOC prodn. occurred at
6 days at 145 ppmv with a rate of prodn. of 7.65 ppmv/h. This report unequivocally demonstrates that 1,8-cineole (a
monoterpene) is produced by a microorganism, which represents a novel and important source of this compd. This monoterpene is
an octane deriv. and has potential use as a fuel additive as do the other VOCs of this organism. Thus, fungal sourcing of this
compd. and other VOCs as produced by Hypoxylon sp. greatly expands their potential applications in medicine, industry, and
energy prodn.
Answer 68:
Phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of Momordica dioica Roxb. and Moringa oleifera Lam. Katariya, P. K.;
Mathur, M.; Yadav, S.; Kamal, R. Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan,
Jaipur, India. Asian Journal of Experimental Sciences (2010), 24(2), 263-267. Publisher: Asian Journal of Experimental
Sciences, CODEN: AJESB4 ISSN: 0971-5444. Journal written in English. AN 2010:1368372 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011
Abstract
The methanol exts. of Momordica dioica Roxb. and Moringa oleifera Lam. were evaluated for antimicrobial activity. The dried plant
parts of M. dioica (leaves, fruit, stem and root) and M.oleifera (flower, leaves, pod, stem and root) were extd. with 95% methanol.
The preliminary phytochem. investigation was done for identification of various phytochem. constituents present in the exts. and
also subjected to antimicrobial activity for the assessment of inhibitory effects of the alc. exts. of these plants against eight
medically important pathogenic microbes by in vitro agar well diffusion method. The results of the preliminary phytochem. studies
revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, saponins in exptl. plants. In addn. to this, these exts.
exhibited significant zone of inhibition and good antimicrobial activity against the majority of the selected strains of
microorganisms, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsilla pneumoniae, Aspergillus
niger, A. flavus, Rhizopus stonifer and Alternaria alternaria. These present results leading to the conclusion that these plants would
serve as novel sources of antimicrobial agents. These secondary metabolites are most likely responsible for the obsd. activity of
the plant parts. Results obtained in this work justify the medicinal uses to which M. oleifera and M. dioica parts have been
employed traditionally in recipes for infection.
Answer 69:
In vitro antimicrobial activity, lipid content and physico-chemical analysis of non-edible oils. Bhagat, Rani B.; Kulkarni,
D. K. Botany Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, India. Asian Journal of Chemistry (2010), 22(9), 6884-6890.
Publisher: Asian Journal of Chemistry, CODEN: AJCHEW ISSN: 0970-7077. Journal written in English. AN 2010:1367040
Abstract
Antimicrobial activity of 7 non-edible seed oils on 7 species of microbial organisms were examd. against Bacillus cereus,
Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Shigella sonnei, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus fecalis and Shigella dysentrae.
These are examd. using agar well diffusion method against 7 bacteria. The seed material of non-edible oil resources were extd.
using pet ether by soxhlet app. The exts. were studied for fatty acid profile by gas chromatog. and showed presence of palmitic
acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid. Physico-chem. properties like, oil color, oil content (%), moisture (%),
ash (%), sp. gr., refractive index, acid value, iodine value, free fatty acid, sapon. value, mean mol. mass, content of nitrogen (%)
and protein (%) were carried out. This paper reports on preliminary screening of the in vitro antimicrobial activities against 7 human
pathogenic bacteria, lipid content and physicochem. anal. of non edible oil yielding plant species.
Answer 70:
Gymnema sylvestre (Gurmar): a review. Saneja, Ankit; Sharma, Chetan; Aneja, K. R.; Pahwa, Rakesh. Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India. Pharmacia Lettre (2010), 2(1), 275-284.
Publisher: Scholars Research Library, CODEN: DPLEB4 ISSN: 0975-5071.
http://www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com/DPL-vol2-iss1/DerPharmaciaLettre-%202010-2-1-275-284.pdf Journal; General Review;
Abstract
Gymnema Sylvestre R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae) is a herb distributed throughout the world. The leaves of the plant are widely used
for the treatment of diabetes and as a diuretic in Indian proprietary medicines. Gymnemic acid is the main active chem.
constituent isolated from the Gymnema Sylvestre plant. The plant is documented to possess beneficial effects as digestive,
anti-inflammatory, diuretic, hypoglycemic and antihelmentic. It is believed to be used in dyspepsia, constipation, jaundice,
haemorrhoids, cardiopathy, asthma, bronchitis and leucoderma. A scrutiny of literature revealed some notable pharmacol.
activities of the plant such as antidiabetic, antiobesity, hypolipidemic, antimicrobial, free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory.
The present review is an attempt to highlight the various ethnobotanical and traditional uses as well as phytochem. and pharmacol.
reports on G. sylvestre.
Answer 71:
Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of herbal extracts against salmonella. Abraham, Jayanthi. School of BioSciences
and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. Journal of Pharmacy Research (2010), 3(8), 1981-1983.
Publisher: Journal of Pharmacy Research, CODEN: JPROFW ISSN: 0974-6943. http://jpronline.info/article/view/3384/1680
Journal; Online Computer File written in English. CAN 154:128231 AN 2010:1357446 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on
SciFinder (R))
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of plants are being analyzed in this present study against the bacterial flora of typhoid fever. By using
disk diffusion method nine medicinal plants were screened for antimicrobial property. Blood sample were collected from patients
suffering from enteric fever admitted at Thanjavur medical college, Thanjavur. Widal test was done followed by biochem. tests to
characterize Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi. The plants chosen were Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Alpina galangal,
Coriandrum sativum, Eucalyptus globulus, Hibiscus rosasinensis, Ocium basillicum, Piper betel, and Zingiber officinale.
Phytochem. constituents of the plants were performed and the components analyzed were alkaloid, flavonoids, tannins, phenols,
steroids, Saponins, Volatile oils, Carbohydrates, Proteins and free amino acids. The exts. showed higher proportion of
carbohydrate, proteins, free amino acids and alkaloids content. Moderate amts. of saponins, tannins and phenols were obsd. in all
the exts. Aq. ext. prepn. from plants chosen were analyzed and the results indicated that out of the nine plants the antimicrobial
activity of Eucalyptus globulus and Allium sativum showed promising effect against Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi.
Moderate activity was recorded with Allium cepa, Alpina galangal, Piper betel and Zingiber officinale.
Answer 72:
Biological control to anthracnoses in banana by antimicrobial proteins isolated from strain CIII-1. Liu, Feng; Chen,
Zhenming; He, Hong. College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, Peop. Rep.
China. Guoshu Xuebao (2010), 27(4), 580-584. Publisher: Zhongguo Nongye Kexueyuan Zhengzhou Guoshu Yanjiusuo
Zazhishe, CODEN: GXUUBG ISSN: 1009-9980. Journal written in Chinese. AN 2010:1353400 CAPLUS (Copyright (C)
Abstract
In order to evaluate the efficacy of the extra cellular antimicrobial proteins (EACP) of CIII-1 to anthracnoses in banana, the
inhibition effects on the pathogen of Colletotrichum musae were tested using dual culture method and optical microscope
observation, plant biocontrol tests were also carried out with EACP and the change in the content of MDA and activity of SOD,
POD and PAL were measured as well. The results showed that: the control effects of the ECAP on the banana anthracnoses were
71.44% and 56.67% 8 d and 10 d after application, resp. This suggested that the anthracnose of banana was controlled effectively
with the ECAP. The research on biol. control mechanisms showed that ECAP could inhibit the mycelial growth and reduce the
germination of Colletotrichum musae. And treatment with ECAP could reduce the contents of MDA, and at same time could induce
the variances of the activities of POD and PAL in the banana and capsicum fruits, compared with sterile water and PSB treatment.
Answer 73:
Chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of three wood vinegars. Zhai, Meizhi; He, Wenjun; Wang, Lei; Guo,
Jingli. College of Forestry, Northwest Sci-tech University of Agriculture and Forestry, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, Peop. Rep.
China. Xibei Zhiwu Xuebao (2010), 30(6), 1247-1252. Publisher: Kexue Chubanshe, CODEN: XZXUEV ISSN: 1000-4025.
Abstract
The chem. compns. contained in three types of wood vinegar of corncob (Y), pine cone (S) and the walnut branch (Z) were
analyzed by GC-MS. The in vitro antimicrobial activities of the three wood vinegars were also investigated. The results showed
that the three kinds of wood vinegar mainly consisted of acids, phenols, ketones, aldehydes and a few of alcs., esters, etc. There
were 38 common compds. in the three kinds of wood vinegar which occupied more than 55% of the total components sep.
Meanwhile, their relative contents made up more than 80% of the total amt. resp. The three types of wood vinegars could inhibit
twenty kinds of plant pathogen in different degrees and the antimicrobial activities, except for Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,
Fusarium oxysporum, Glomerella cingulata and Alternaria brassicae, were ranked in the order of Y, S and Z. The inhabiting rates
of Y for C. lagenarium and Z for C. gloeosporioides showed to be the most effective with 77.04% and 71.61%, resp.
Answer 74:
Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of plants in the genus Pandanus. Peng, Lihua; Cheng, Jinle; Zhan,
Ruoting; Li, Jiren. Research Center of Chinese Medicinal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of
Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, Peop. Rep. China. Zhongyaocai (2010), 33(4), 640-643.
Publisher: Guojia Shipin Yaopin Jiandu Guanliju, Zhongyaocai Xinxi Zhongxinzhan, CODEN: ZHONAR ISSN: 1001-4454. Journal;
General Review written in Chinese. AN 2010:1352149 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
The genus Pandanus herbal medicinal has long medicinal history in Lingnan area. In order to study the pharmacol. and efficacy
substances, the relevant literature of the genus pandanus was systematically reviewed, and the results show that the major
compds. in this genus plants were alkaloids, lignans, sterols and org. acids, etc.; and the pharmacol. activities were hypoglycemic,
antimicrobial and inhibition of central nervous system, and in clinic for the treatment of colds, diabetes, vascular endothelial
growth, anticoagulation, anti-tumor and other illnesses.
Answer 75:
Solanum torvum Sw. - a phytopharmacological review. Agrawal, Ashok D.; Bajpei, Puja S.; Patil, Ashwini A.; Bavaskar,
Sunil R. Shree Sureshdada Jain Pharmaceutical Education and Research Center, Jamner, Maharashtra, India. Pharmacia
Lettre (2010), 2(4), 403-407. Publisher: Scholars Research Library, CODEN: DPLEB4 ISSN: 0975-5071.
http://www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com/DPL-vol2-iss4/DPL-2010-2-4-403-407.pdf Journal; General Review; Online Computer File
Abstract
Solanum torvum is a commonly used herb in traditional medicine. This review supports all updated information on its phytochem.
and pharmacol. activities and scientific approach. The plant exts. have been widely used for the treatment of a large no. of
human ailments. The chem. entities of this plant has been used as antihypertensive, antioxidant, cardiovascular, anti-platelet
aggregation activities, anti-microbial activity, sedative, digestive, hemostatics and diuretic activities etc. Scientifically proved
activities are related with traditional concept. Scientific evidence exists with respect to their major and minor constituents.
Solanum torvum is one of the most important controversial and effective natural origins that have a tremendous future for
research. The novelty and applicability of Solanum torvum are hidden. Such things should be overcome through modern scientific
concept.
Answer 76:
Antibacterial activity and preliminary phytochemical analysis of leaf extract of Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC. (Beach Bean).
Prabhu, S.; Raj, L. Joelri Michael; Britto, S. John; Senthilkumar, S. R. The Rapinat Herbarium and Center for Molecular
Systematics, St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical
Sciences (2010), 1(4), 428-434. Publisher: JK Welfare and Pharmascope Foundation, CODEN: IJRPBC ISSN: 0975-7538.
http://www.ijrps.pharmascope.org/downloads/Volume%201/Issue%204/47134.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in English.
Abstract
Leaves of Canavalia rosea were shade dried, powd. and was extd. using nine solvents Ethanol, Methanol, Chloroform, Acetone,
Benzene, Dichloromethane, Petroleum ether, Hexane and Aq. Preliminary phytochem. screening of the crude exts. revealed the
presence of tannins, phlobatannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides and phenolics. The presence of these
bioactive constitutents is assocd. with the antimicrobial activity of the plant. Agar well diffusion method revealed high activity
against microorganisms, Bacillus cereus; Bacillus megaterium; Bacillus stearothemophilus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus
aureus, and Streptococcus faecalis a group of gram- pos. bacteria that frequently cause enteric infections in humans. Gram neg.
bacteria were not as susceptible as gram- pos. bacteria. Min. inhibitory concn. (MIC) and min. bactericidal concn. (MBC) values
ranged from 0.03mg/mL to 2 mg/mL and 0.12 to 4 mg/mL resp. The results confirm that C. rosea can be used as source of drugs
to fight infections caused by susceptible bacteria.
Answer 77:
Characterization of a multifunctional feather-degrading Bacillus subtilis isolated from forest soil. Jeong, Jin-Ha; Jeon,
Young-Dong; Lee, O.-Mi; Kim, Jeong-Do; Lee, Na-Ri; Park, Geun-Tae; Son, Hong-Joo. Department of Life Science and
Environmental Biochemistry, Pusan National University, Miryang, S. Korea. Biodegradation (2010), 21(6), 1029-1040.
Publisher: Springer, CODEN: BIODEG ISSN: 0923-9820. Journal; Online Computer File written in English. AN 2010:1299893
Abstract
In this study, we isolated and characterized a novel feather-degrading bacterium that shows keratinolytic, antifungal and plant
growth-promoting activities. A bacterium S8 was isolated from forest soil and confirmed to belong to Bacillus subtilis by BIOLOG
system and 16S rRNA gene anal. The improved culture conditions for the prodn. of keratinolytic protease were 0.1% (w/v)
sorbitol, 0.3% (w/v) KNO3, 0.1% (w/v) K2HPO4, 0.06% (w/v) KH2PO4 and 0.04% (w/v) MgCl26H2O (pH 8.0 and 30C), resp. In
the improved medium contg. 0.1% (w/v) feather, keratinolytic protease prodn. was around 53.3  0.3 U/mL at 4 day; this value
was 10-fold higher than the yield in the basal feather medium (5.3  0.1 U/mL). After cultivation for 5 days in the improved
medium, intact feather was completely degraded. Feather degrdn. resulted in free -SH group, sol. protein and amino acids prodn.
The concn. of free -SH group in the culture medium was 15.5  0.2 M at 4 days. Nineteen amino acids including all essential
amino acids were produced in the culture medium; the concn. of total amino acid produced was 3360.4 M. Proline (2809.9 M),
histidine (371.3 M) and phenylalanine (172.0 M) were the major amino acids released in the culture medium. B. subtilis S8
showed the properties related to plant growth promotion: hydrolytic enzymes, ammonification, indoleacetic acid (IAA), phosphate
solubilization, and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Interestingly, the strain S8 grown in the improved medium produced IAA
and antifungal activity, indicating simultaneous prodn. of keratinolytic and antifungal activities and IAA by B. subtilis S8. These
results suggest that B. subtilis S8 could be not only used to improve the nutritional value of feather wastes but also is useful in
situ biodegrdn. of feather wastes. Furthermore, it could also be a potential biofertilizer or biocontrol agent applicable to crop plant
soil.
Answer 78:
Volatiles of the Balkan endemic Daucus guttatus ssp. zahariadii and cultivated and wild-growing D. carota - A
comparison study. Radulovic, Niko; Dordevic, Nevenka; Stojanovic-Radic, Zorica. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
Science and Mathematics, University of Nis, Nis, Food Chemistry (2011), 125(1), 35-43. Publisher: Elsevier Ltd., CODEN:
FOCHDJ ISSN: 0308-8146. Journal written in English. CAN 154:44873 AN 2010:1294225 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011
Abstract
The hydrodistd. essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of Daucus guttatus Sibth. & Sm. ssp. zahariadii Heywood, an endemic
plant species of the Balkan Peninsula, as well as solvent exts. and essential oils from different parts of Daucus carota L. have
been analyzed by GC and GC-MS and screened for antimicrobial activity against 12 bacterial and two fungal strains. The volatiles
of the two plant taxa differed significantly in both their chem. identity and antimicrobial effect. The dominant constituent of D.
guttatus oil was apiol (43.3%), which was absent from all samples of D. carota. The di-Et ether ext. of D. carota inhibited the
growth of the yeast Candida albicans while the oil of D. guttatus at 25 mg/mL had no effect on the growth of the fungal organisms
tested. Addnl., the oil of D. guttatus showed prominent antibacterial activity against a pathogenic Corynebacterium pyogenes.
Answer 79:
Discovery and applications of the plant cyclotides. Craik, David J. Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Division of
Chemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. Toxicon (2010), 56(7), 1092-1102.
Publisher: Elsevier Ltd., CODEN: TOXIA6 ISSN: 0041-0101. Journal; General Review written in English. AN 2010:1293434
Abstract
A review. The cyclotides are a family of plant-derived proteins that occur in plants from the Violaceae (violet), Rubiaceae (coffee)
and Cucurbitaceae (cucurbit) families and have a diverse range of biol. activities, including uterotonic, anti-HIV, antimicrobial, and
insecticidal activities; the latter suggests their natural function lies in plant defense. Individual plants express suites of 10-100
cyclotides. Cyclotides comprise .apprx.30 amino acids, contain a head-to-tail cyclised backbone, and incorporate three disulfide
bonds arranged in a cystine knot topol. The combination of a knotted and strongly braced structure with a circular backbone
renders the cyclotides impervious to enzymic breakdown and makes them exceptionally stable. The cyclotides are the largest of
several groups of naturally occurring circular proteins that have been discovered in bacteria, plants and animals over recent years.
This article describes the discovery of the cyclotides in plants, their structural characterization, evolutionary relationships and their
applications in drug design.
Answer 80:
Muscodor fengyangensis sp. nov. from southeast China: morphology, physiology and production of volatile
compounds. Zhang, Chu-Long; Wang, Guo-Ping; Mao, Li-Juan; Komon-Zelazowska, Monika; Yuan, Zhi-Lin; Lin, Fu-Cheng;
Druzhinina, Irina S.; Kubicek, Christian P. State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou, Peop. Rep. China. Fungal Biology (2010), 114(10), 797-808. Publisher: Elsevier Ltd., CODEN:
FBUIAI ISSN: 1878-6146. Journal written in English. AN 2010:1268865 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
The fungal genus Muscodor was erected on the basis of Muscodor albus, an endophytic fungus originally isolated from
Cinnamomum zeylanicum. It produces a mixt. of volatile org. compds. (VOCs) with antimicrobial activity that can be used as
mycofumigants. The genus currently comprises five species. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of a new
species of Muscodor on the basis of five endophytic fungal strains from leaves of Actinidia chinensis, Pseudotaxus chienii and an
unidentified broad leaf tree in the Fengyangshan Nature Reserve, Zhejiang Province, Southeast of China. They exhibit white
colonies on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media, rope-like mycelial strands, but did not sporulate. The optimum growth temp. is 25
C. The results of a phylogenetic anal. based on four loci (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, 28S rRNA, rpb2 and tub1) are consistent with the
hypothesis that these five strains belong to a single taxon. All five strains also produce volatile chem. components with
antimicrobial activity in vitro, which were different from those previously described for other Muscodor species.
Answer 81:
Antibacterial activity of Nymphaea lotus (Nymphaeaceae) leave extract against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) from clinical samples. Akinjogunla, Joseph O.;
Yah, Clarence S.; Eghafona, Nosakhare O.; Ogbemudia, F. O. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of
Uyo, Nigeria. EJEAFChe, Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry (2010), 9(6), 1064-1073.
Publisher: EJEAFChe, CODEN: EEJEAT ISSN: 1579-4377.
http://ejeafche.uvigo.es/component/option,com_docman/task,doc_download/gid,689/Itemid,33/ Journal; Online Computer File
Abstract
Ethanolic exts. of Nymphaea lotus leaves were tested for antibacterial activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) and vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) isolated from wounds and urine using the disk diffusion method
(DDM). The results of the phytochem. analyses of the exts. showed the bio-active effect of Nymphaea lotus leaves. The
bio-active compds. identified include tannins, terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, saponins, cardiac glycosides and
phenolics. The anthraquinones, terpenes, and cardiac glycosides were the most prominent bioactive compds. in the ext. The
results also showed that both MRSA and VRSA were susceptible to Nymphaea lotus at different concns. (5, 10, 20, 40, 80)
mg/mL). The zones of inhibition ranged from 8.0  0.5mm to 24.0  1.0mm in MRSA and from 8.0  0.5mm to 27.0  1.0mm. The
results also showed that the min. inhibitory concn. (MIC) and min. bacterial concn. (MBC) ranged from 5 to 15 and 10-30 for MRSA
and VRSA resp. The antibacterial activity of Nymphaea lotus exts. against MRSA and VRSA showed the plant active compds. as
a possible potential antibiotic substance for the treatment and management of staphylococci infections.
Answer 82:
Chemical analysis and biological activity of the essential oils of two valerianaceous species from China: Nardostachys
chinensis and Valeriana officinalis. Wang, Jihua; Zhao, Jianglin; Liu, Hao; Zhou, Ligang; Liu, Zhilong; Wang, Jingguo; Han,
Jianguo; Yu, Zhu; Yang, Fuyu. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, Peop. Rep.
China. Molecules (2010), 15 6411-6422. Publisher: Molecular Diversity Preservation International, CODEN: MOLEFW ISSN:
1420-3049. http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/15/9/6411/pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in English. CAN 153:426714
Abstract
In order to investigate essential oils with biol. activity from local wild plants, two valerianaceous species, Nardostachys chinensis
and Valeriana officinalis, were screened for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The essential oils were obtained from the
roots and rhizomes of the two plants by hydro-distn., and were analyzed for their chem. compn. by gas chromatog. (GC) and gas
chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Calarene (25.31%), aristolone (13.35%), -selinene (7.32%) and -maaliene (6.70%) were
the major compds. of the 23 identified components which accounted for 92.76% of the total oil of N. chinensis. Patchoulol
(16.75%), -pinene (14.81%), and -humulene (8.19%) were the major compds. among the 20 identified components, which
accounted for 88.11% of the total oil of V. officinalis. Both oils were rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons as well as their
oxygenated derivs. Essential oils were shown to have broad spectrum antibacterial activity with MIC values that ranged from 62.5
g/mL to 400 g/mL, and IC50 values from 36.93 g/mL to 374.72 g/mL. The oils were also shown to have moderate antifungal
activity to Candida albicans growth as well as inhibition of spore germination of Magnaporthe oryzae. Two essential oils were
assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, -carotene bleaching and ferrozine-ferrous ions
assays, resp., to show moderate antioxidant activity. Results suggest that the isolated essential oils could be used for future
development of antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.
Answer 83:
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) essential oil. Izadi, Zahra;
Esna-Ashari, Mahmood; Piri, Khosro; Davoodi, Poorandokht. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina
University, Hamedan, Iran. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology (2010), 12(5), 759-763. Publisher: Friends
Science Publishers, CODEN: IJABAK ISSN: 1560-8530. Journal written in English. AN 2010:1246653 CAPLUS (Copyright
Abstract
Essential oils from the whole aerial parts as well as stem/leaf, inflorescence and unripe and ripe seeds were isolated through
hydro-distn. from aerial parts of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.) plants were collected from Hamedan and Tehran regions at
the vegetative, flowering and seeding stages. The amt. of essential oil obtained from the above parts of the Hamedan plant
samples were 3.80%, 6.01%, 3.61%, 0.49% and 0.31% (wt./wt.) and from those collected from Tehran were 4.96%, 6.94%, 3.39%,
0.96% and 0.87% (wt./wt.), resp. Anal. of extd. oil by GC and GC/MS showed that camphor was the major constituent in total oils
(10.3%-53.3%) followed by chrysanthenyl acetate (4.3%-22.5%) and camphene (4.1%-10.4%). However, bornyl acetate, -pinene
and p-cymene were found in the plant samples from Hamedan only. The antimicrobial activity of the oils was detd. using the disk
diffusion method against Gram pos. bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, Micrococcus luteus & Staphylococcus aureus), Gram
neg. bacteria (Yersinia enterocolitica, Klebsiella oxytoca, Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli & Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and
yeast (Candida albicans). Results showed a significant difference between Gram pos. and Gram neg. bacteria in their
susceptibility to the oil, so that Gram pos. bacteria were more susceptible to the antimicrobial activity of feverfew oil. In addn.,
the oil extd. from Hamedan samples showed more antimicrobial activity compared to those from Tehran.
Answer 84:
A comparative study of the antimicrobial activity of the leaf essential oils of chemo-varieties of Clausena anisata (Willd.)
Hook. f. ex Benth. Osei-Safo, Dorcas; Addae-Mensah, Ivan; Garneau, Francois-Xavier; Koumaglo, Honore Kossi. Chemistry
Department, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana. Industrial Crops and Products (2010), 32(3), 634-638. Publisher: Elsevier
B.V., CODEN: ICRDEW ISSN: 0926-6690. Journal written in English. CAN 154:127919 AN 2010:1238631 CAPLUS
Abstract
The emergence of multiple drug resistance to human pathogenic organisms has necessitated a search for new antimicrobial
substances from various sources including plants. The present study was carried out as part of this search using the essential oils
of the leaves of three chemo-varieties of Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook. f. ex Benth. namely, estragole, trans-anethole and
feniculin-contg. chemo-varieties. The oils were screened against six bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella
typhi, Shigella sp., Proteus sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and three fungi (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus
parasiticus) isolated from clin. specimen using the disk sensitivity test. Microbes which showed significant sensitivity were further
assayed with various concns. of the active exts. in a diln. sensitivity test. The microorganisms were also assayed against seven
broad spectrum antibiotics: penicillin G, amoxycillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, ceftizoxime, fosfomycin and urotractin. Results from
the disk sensitivity test showed that the estragole-rich oil exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against E. coli (16.3  0.3 mm)
and Shigella sp. (17.2  0.4 mm). The trans-anethole-rich oil exhibited less significant activity (11.4  0.7 mm and 12.1  0.3 mm
resp.) whereas the feniculin-rich oil, acting alone and in combination with the trans-anethole-rich oil did not show any significant
activity against the all microbes tested. Only the neat oils and their 1:2 dilns. showed visible inhibition of microbial growth in the
diln. sensitivity test. The estragole-rich oil gave min. inhibitory concns. of 3.7, 6.7 and 13.2 mg/mL against C. albicans, S. aureus
and E. coli resp. with corresponding ED50 values of 1.3, 2.1 and 1.2 mg/mL. The trans-anethole-rich oil gave a min. inhibitory
concn. of 1.8 mg/mL against C. albicans with an ED50 of 0.2 mg/mL. The findings suggest a significant antimicrobial activity of
these plant essential oils though of lower efficacy compared to ampicillin.
The results further suggest that such plant essential oils could potentially be exploited in the development of novel
antibiotics.
Answer 85:
Adventitious shoot regeneration from stem internode explants of Verbena officinalis L., a medicinal plant. Ucar Turker,
Arzu; Yucesan, Buhara; Gurel, Ekrem. Department of Biology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turk. Turkish Journal of
Biology (2010), 34(3), 297-304. Publisher: Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, CODEN: TJBIEZ ISSN:
1300-0152. Journal written in English. CAN 154:153401 AN 2010:1233468 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder
(R))
Abstract
Verbena officinalis L. (vervain) is a medicinal plant that shows several biol. activities, including antimicrobial, antiinflammatory,
analgesic, neuroprotective, hypnotic/sedative, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, anticancer, cicatrizant, and antioxidant. This
report describes an efficient plant regeneration system for V. officinalis via adventitious shoot development from stem internode
and petiole explants. Stem internode explants were more effective than petiole explants in terms of both the no. of shoots per
explant and the percentages of explants forming shoots. Increasing benzyladenine (BA) concns. steadily increased shoot
formation up to 13.32 M, but 22.22 M BA caused a sharp decrease. The highest no. of shoots (17.1 shoots per explant at 100%
frequency) was obtained when 13.32 M BA was combined with 5.71 M indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Rooting of the regenerated
shoots was readily achieved when multiple shoots were singled out and cultured on medium contg. varying concns. of different
auxins [IAA, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), or naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)]. IBA was more
effective in terms of the no. of roots developed, producing a mean of 7.1 roots per shoot at 4.92 M, whereas IAA was more
effective for the frequency of shoots developing roots: 100% of the shoots rooted at 5.71 M IAA. More than 90% of the
regenerants survived through the hardening off process, when they were transferred to foam cups and kept under growth room
conditions for 2 wk before finally being moved to room conditions at low humidity. Approx. 3 mo after the transfer to room
conditions, the flowering of the regenerated plants could be obsd.
Answer 86:
Antimicrobial resistance of fecal indicators in municipal wastewater treatment plant. Luczkiewicz, A.; Jankowska, K.;
Fudala-Ksiazek, S.; Olanczuk-Neyman, K. Department of Water and Wastewater Technology, Faculty of Civil and
Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Pol. Water Research (2010), 44(17), 5089-5097.
Publisher: Elsevier B.V., CODEN: WATRAG ISSN: 0043-1354. Journal written in English. AN 2010:1232723 CAPLUS
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance of fecal coliforms (n = 153) and enterococci (n = 199) isolates was investigated in municipal wastewater
treatment plant (WWTP) based on activated sludge system. The no. of fecal indicators (in influent and effluent as well as in the
aeration chamber and in return activated sludge mixt.) was detd. using selective media. Susceptibility of selected strains was
tested against 19 (aminoglycosides, aztreonam, carbapenems, cephalosporins, -lactam/-lactamase inhibitors, fluoroquinolones,
penicillines, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) and 17 (high-level aminoglycosides, ampicillin, chloramphenicol,
erythromycin, fluoroquinolones, glycopeptides, linezolid, lincosamides, nitrofuration, streptogramins, tetracycline) antimicrobial
agents resp. Among enterococci the predominant species were Enterococcus faecium (60.8%) and Enterococcus faecalis (22.1%),
while remaining isolates belonged to Enterococcus hirae (12.1%), Enterococcus casseliflavus/gallinarum (4.5%), and Enterococcus
durans (0.5%). Resistance to nitrofuration and erythromycin was common among enterococci (53% and 44%, resp.), and followed
by resistance to ciprofloxacin (29%) and tetracycline (20%). The resistance phenotypes related to glycopeptides (up to 3.2%) and
high-level aminoglycosides (up to 5.4%) were also obsd. Most frequently, among Escherichia coli isolates the resistance patterns
were found for ampicillin (34%), piperacillin (24%) and tetracycline (23%). Extended-spectrum -lactamase producing E. coli was
detected once, in the aeration chamber. In the study the applied wastewater treatment processes considerably reduced the no. of
fecal indicators. Nevertheless their no. in the WWTP effluent was higher than 104 CFU per 100 mL and periodically contained
90% of bacteria with antimicrobial resistance patterns. The pos. selection of isolates with antimicrobial resistance patterns was
obsd. during the treatment processes. Substantial concern should be paid to the isolates resistant to 3 or more chem.
classes of antimicrobials (MAR). In treated wastewater MAR E. coli and MAR enterococci constituted resp. 9% and
29% of tested isolates.
Answer 87:
Structural elucidations and spectral assignments of two novel triterpene glycosides from Cephalaria paphlagonica.
Capanlar, S.; Kirmizigul, S. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turk. Natural
Product Research (2010), 24(14), 1337-1346. Publisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd., CODEN: NPRAAT ISSN: 1478-6419. Journal
Abstract
Two novel triterpene glycosides, paphlagonoside A (1) and B (2), were characterized as
28-O-[-D-glucopyranosyl(12)--L-arabinopyranosyl(14)--D-glucopyranosyl]-hederagenin (1) and
28-O-[-D-xylopyranosyl(14)--L-rhamnopyranosyl(13)--D-xylopyranosyl(16)--D-glucopyranosyl(12)--D-glucopyranosyl
]-hederagenin (2) from Cephalaria paphlagonica (Dipsacaceae). In addn. to these, a common natural product (hederagenin) (3) was
also isolated. The structures of all compds. were identified by spectroscopic and chem. methods. The antimicrobial and
antioxidant activities of the plant exts. were examd. by MIC and DPPH activity methods, resp.
Answer 88:
Antimicrobial activity of herbal plants used in traditional medicine of Uzbekistan. Egamberdieva, D.; Mamadalieva, N.
Z.; Edwards Jones, V.; Shokhidoyatov, Kh. M. Natl. Univ. of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan. O'zbekiston Biologiya Jurnali (2010),
(2), 20-27. Publisher: Izdatel'stvo Fan, CODEN: OBJZAB Journal written in English. AN 2010:1227895 CAPLUS
Abstract
In this study, Egamberdieva et al. (O'zb. Biol. J., 2010, (2), 20-27) chose 24 promising and widely used medicinal plants used
traditionally by local inhabitants for treating conditions likely to be assocd. with microorganisms, and evaluated them for potential
antimicrobial activity, in order to confirm their popular use and to detect new sources of antibacterial agents. The obtained results
confirmed the presence of antimicrobial principles in the examd. herbal plants native habitats of Uzbekistan mainly against
Grain-pos. bacteria, which supports their traditional use as wound healing and skin infections in Central Asia.
Answer 89:
Diversity and antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi associated with the alpine plant Saussurea involucrata. Lv,
Ya-li; Zhang, Fu-sheng; Chen, Juan; Cui, Jin-long; Xing, Yong-mei; Li, Xiang-dong; Guo, Shun-xing. Institute of Medicinal Plant
Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, Peop. Rep. China. Biological
& Pharmaceutical Bulletin (2010), 33(8), 1300-1306. Publisher: Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, CODEN: BPBLEO ISSN:
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are rich in species diversity and may play an important role in the fitness of their host plants. This study
investigated the diversity and antimicrobial potential of endophytic fungi obtained from Saussurea involucrata KAR. et KIR. A
total of 49 endophytic fungi were isolated from S. involucrata and identified using morphol. and mol. techniques. Exts. of fermn.
broth from the 49 fungi were tested for antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms using the agar diffusion method.
Forty-eight out of the 49 endophytic fungi were identified and grouped into 14 taxa. Cylindrocarpon sp. was the dominant species
isolated from S. involucrata, followed by Phoma sp. and Fusarium sp. Among the 49 endophytic fungi, 9 root isolates having
darkly pigmented, septate hyphae were identified as dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungus, and 12 fungi inhibited at least one test
microorganism. Moreover, 5 strains showed a broader spectrum of antimicrobial activity and 4 strains displayed strong inhibition
(+++) against pathogenic fungi. The results indicate that endophytic fungi isolated from S. involucrata are diverse in species and a
potential source of antimicrobial agents.
Answer 90:
Study on the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of the fruits of Solanum torvum and its phytochemical analysis by
GC-MS. Jaabir, M. S. Mohamed; Vigneshwaran, R.; Ul Hassan, T. Md. Ehtisham; Kumar, S. Senthil. Department of
Biotechnology, Jamal Mohamed College (Auto), Tiruchirappalli, India. Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal (2010), 3(1),
117-121. Publisher: Oriental Scientific Publishing Co., CODEN: BPJIAH ISSN: 0974-6242. Journal written in English. AN
Abstract
The objective of the study is to screen for antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic ext. of Solanum torvum and to study its
phytochem. compn. The ethanolic ext. of the fruit of Solanum torvum was tested against six bacterial (Klebsiella pneumoniae,
Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two fungal (Aspergillus
niger and Candida albicans) species. Results reveal significant levels of antibacterial activity on the four tested bacteria but there
was no antifungal activity among the fungus tested. GC-MS anal. of the ext. revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and
certain fatty acids like palmitic and oleic acids.
Answer 91:
Essential oil prepared from Cymbopogon citrates exerted an antimicrobial activity against plant pathogenic and medical
microorganisms. Jeong, Mi-Ran; Park, Pyeong Beom; Kim, Dae-Hyuk; Jang, Yong-Suk; Jeong, Han Sol; Choi, Sang-Hoon.
Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Kunsan National University, Kunsan, S. Korea. Mycobiology (2009), 37(1), 48-52.
Publisher: Hanrimwon Publishing Co., CODEN: MYCOBF ISSN: 1229-8093. Journal written in English. AN 2010:1213255
Abstract
Essential oils are mixts. of volatile, lipophilic compds. originating from plants. Some essential oils have useful biol. activities
including antimicrobial, spasmolytic, antiplasmodial, and insect-repelling activities. In this study, we tested the antimicrobial
activity of essential oil prepd. from the arom. plant, Cymbopogon citrates, against three important plant pathogenic and medical
microorganisms, Pectobacterium carotovorum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Aspergillus niger. It effectively inhibited the
growth of the bacterium, Pectobacterium carotovorum, in a dose-dependent fashion, and 0.5% of the oil inhibited the growth of
bacteria completely. Similarly, the essential oil inhibited the growth of plant pathogenic fungus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and
the addn. of 1% of essential oil completely inhibited the growth of fungus even after 5 days of culture. Finally, it effectively
inhibited the growth of the medically and industrially important fungal species, Aspergillus spp. These results suggest that the
essential oil from Cymbopogon citrates may be an environmentally safe alternative to inhibit antimicrobial agents for various
uses.
Answer 92:
Salvadora persica L (tooth brush tree): a review. Rajesh, Verma; Suresh, Purohit; Anil, Bhandari; Brijesh, Kumar; Priyanka,
P. Department of Pharm. Chemistry, Marwar Pharmacy College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. Journal of Pharmacy Research
(2009), 2(12), 1809-1812. Publisher: Journal of Pharmacy Research, CODEN: JPROFW ISSN: 0974-6943.
http://jpronline.info/article/view/1098/786 Journal; General Review; Online Computer File written in English. AN 2010:1210305
Abstract
A review. Salvadora persica L. also known as tooth brush tree belonging to the Salvadoraceae family. Plant has been reported to
have anti-microbial, anti-plaque, aphrodisiac, alexiteric, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, astringent, diuretic and bitter
stomachic activities. It has great medicinal use in the treatment of nose troubles, piles, scabies, leucoderma, scurvy, gonorrhea,
boils and toothache. It contains important phyto-constituents such as vitamin-c, salvadorine, salvadourea, alkaloids,
trimethylamine, cyanogenic glycosides, tannins, saponins and salts mostly as chlorides. In view of the immense medicinal
importance of the plant this review is an effort to compile all the information reported on its phytochem., biol. and pharmacol.
activities. The present review is an attempt to generate interest among the people regarding its immense potential in preventing
and treating several common diseases like tooth decay, plaque etc.
Answer 93:
Bio-efficacy of some medicinal plants against pathogens of cereal crops and phytochemical examination of Prosopis
juliflora (Sw) Dc. Lakshmi, B. Seetha; Naidu, K. C.; Murthy, Y. L. N.; Bobbarala, Varaprasad; Pandit, N. Department of
Botany, Dr.V.S.K. Govt College, Visakhapatnam, India. Journal of Pharmacy Research (2010), 3(2), 356-360. Publisher:
Journal of Pharmacy Research, CODEN: JPROFW ISSN: 0974-6943. http://jpronline.info/article/view/1698/1043 Journal; Online
Computer File written in English. AN 2010:1210224 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
Thirty four plant species were screened for antimicrobial activity against phytopathogens using agar well diffusion method.
Prosopis juliflora leaf ext. produced significant zones of inhibition against all the pathogens tested at a concn. of 10mg/mL. Apart
from preliminary screening results P.juliflora chosen for phytochem. anal. The Et acetate fraction of methanol ext. was used for
the isolation of the biopesticidal compds. The presence of s-sitosterol in this species is reported for the first time and the other
compds. prosopidione a terpenoid diketone, and three alkaloids namely secojuliprosopinal, 3'oxojuliprosopine, and juliprosopine were
also identified by the spectral data. Secojuliprosopinal has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. This activity is reported for
the first time on these compds. The remaining two alkaloids are moderately active against pathogens tested. The study results
reveal that antimicrobial activity of methanolic ext. is the synergetic effect of the alkaloids in the leaves, which are water sol.
Hence this plant can be used as a lead bio-pesticide in combating the diseases caused by these pathogens on cereal crops and
might be the best for the control of soil mycoflora, which were causing seedling rot disease in cereal crops.
Answer 94:
Antimicrobial activity of extract and two alkaloids from traditional Chinese medicinal plant Stephania dielsiana. Deng,
Yecheng; Yu, Yanzhen; Luo, Haiyu; Zhang, Ming; Qin, Xu; Li, Lifeng. College of Life Science, The Guangxi Key Laboratory of
Environmental Engineering, Protection and Assessment, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, Peop. Rep. China. Food
Chemistry (2010), Volume Date 2011, 124(4), 1556-1560. Publisher: Elsevier Ltd., CODEN: FOCHDJ ISSN: 0308-8146.
Journal written in English. CAN 153:597759 AN 2010:1204152 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
Two alkaloids, stephanine and crebanine, were isolated from tubers of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Stephania dielsiana,
using an activity-directed isolation method, and inhibitory activity of methanol ext., stephanine and crebanine against ten animal
pathogenic bacteria and eight plant pathogenic fungi was evaluated in vitro. The results showed that ext. from S. dielsiana
exhibited high inhibitory activity against five gram-pos. and four gram-neg. animal pathogenic bacteria, with MIC values of
0.625-7.5 g/l; stephanine and crebanine had high inhibitory activity against gram-pos. animal pathogenic bacteria, with MIC values
of 0.078-0.312 g/l, but low inhibitory activity against gram-neg. animal pathogenic bacteria. Methanol ext., stephanine and
crebanine also inhibited hyphal growth of the plant pathogens Cercospora kaki, Gymnosporangium haraeanum, Pyricularia oryzae,
Rhizoctonia solani and Colletotrichum graminicola, and spores germination of Thielaviopsis paradoxa, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.
niveum, Sphaceloma fawcettii and G. haraeanum.
Answer 95:
Improvement of bioactive phenol content in virgin olive oil with an olive-vegetation water concentrate produced by
membrane treatment. Servili, Maurizio; Esposto, Sonia; Veneziani, Gianluca; Urbani, Stefania; Taticchi, Agnese; Di Maio, Ilona;
Selvaggini, Roberto; Sordini, Beatrice; Montedoro, GianFrancesco. Dipartimento di Scienze Economico-estimative e degli
Alimenti, Sezione di Tecnologie e Biotecnologie degli Alimenti, Universita degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy. Food Chemistry
(2010), Volume Date 2011, 124(4), 1308-1315. Publisher: Elsevier Ltd., CODEN: FOCHDJ ISSN: 0308-8146. Journal written
in English. CAN 154:8917 AN 2010:1204117 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
Olive-vegetation water (OVW) is very rich in phenols, which can cause pollution problems, due to their high hydrophilicity and
antimicrobial activity. In this study, a three-phase membrane system was applied for the recovery of hydrophilic phenols from
fresh OVW in an industrial plant, through a prior enzymic treatment. This innovation yielded both a crude phenolic conc. (CPC) and
a very high redn. in OVW pollution. Furthermore, the CPC was utilized in a virgin olive oil (VOO) extn. process with the aim of
improving VOO phenolic content. The results obtained with four different olive cultivars showed that the CPC extn. increased the
phenolic content of the VOOs without any alteration of their aroma profiles.
Answer 96:
Effect of Plant Age on Endophytic Bacterial Diversity of Balloon Flower (Platycodon grandiflorum) Root and Their
Antimicrobial Activities. Asraful Islam, Shah Md.; Math, Renukaradhya K.; Kim, Jong Min; Yun, Myoung Geun; Cho, Ji Joong;
Kim, Eun Jin; Lee, Young Han; Yun, Han Dae. Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Program), Gyeongsang National
University, Jinju, S. Korea. Current Microbiology (2010), 61(4), 346-356. Publisher: Springer, CODEN: CUMIDD ISSN:
Abstract
Balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum) is widely cultivated vegetable and used as a remedy for asthma in East Asia. Expts.
were conducted to isolate endophytic bacteria from 1-, 3-, and 6-yr-old balloon flower roots and to analyze the enzymic, antifungal,
and anti-human pathogenic activities of the potential endophytic biocontrol agents obtained. Total 120 bacterial colonies were
isolated from the interior of all balloon flower roots samples. Phylogenetic anal. based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that
the population of low G + C gram-pos. bacteria' (LGCGPB) gradually increased 60.0-80.0% from 1 to 6 years balloon flower
sample. On the other hand, max. hydrolytic enzyme activity showing endophytic bacteria was under LGCGPB, among the
bacterial strains, Bacillus sp. (BF1-1 and BF3-8), Bacillus sp. (BF1-2 and BF3-5), and Bacillus sp. (BF1-3, BF3-6, and BF6-4)
showed max. enzyme activities. Besides, Bacillus licheniformis (BF3-5 and BF6-6) and Bacillus pumilus (BF6-1) showed max.
antifungal activity against Phytophthora capsici, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Pythium ultimum. Moreover,
Bacillus licheniformis was found in 3 and 6 years balloon flower roots, but Bacillus pumilus was found only in 6 years sample. It is
presumed that older balloon flower plants invite more potential antifungal endophytes for there protection from plant diseases. In
addn., Bacillus sp. (BF1-2 and BF3-5) showed max. anti-human pathogenic activity. So, plant age is presumed to influence
diversity of balloon flower endophytic bacteria.
Answer 97:
Potential interaction between the volatile and non-volatile fractions on the in vitro antimicrobial activity of three south
African Pelargonium (Geraniaceae) species. Lalli, Jacqueline Y.; Viljoen, Alvaro M.; Van Vuuren, Sandy F. Department of
Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg, S. Afr.
Natural Product Communications (2010), 5(9), 1395-1400. Publisher: Natural Product Inc., CODEN: NPCACO ISSN:
1934-578X. Journal written in English. AN 2010:1169778 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
Previous studies have reported promising antimicrobial efficacy for the essential oils and solvent exts. of several indigenous
Pelargonium species. This study aimed to det. if any pharmacol. interaction (e.g. synergism or antagonism) exists between the
volatile and non-volatile components when the different fractions were investigated. The antimicrobial activity of the following
fractions were tested; the essential oil prepd. by hydrodistn. (EO), non-volatile fraction (NV), prepd. by extn. of plant material
remaining in the distg. app. (having no or negligible volatile constituents) and solvent exts. prepd. from fresh (FC) and dried (DC)
plant material contg. both volatile and non-volatile constituents. Pelargonium quercifolium oil was dominated by p-cymene (42.1%)
and viridiflorol (16.9%), while P. graveolens and P. tomentosum oil had high levels of isomenthone (84.0 and 58.8%, resp.).
Menthone was noted as a major constituent in the P. tomentosum EO sample. It was evident from the results that the presence of
volatile constituents in the three species; P. graveolens, P. quercifolium and P. tomentosum is generally not a pre-requisite for
antimicrobial activity. The most significant variations of antimicrobial activity were noted for P. tomentosum where poorer activity
was noted for the FC and EO fractions against Bacillus cereus and Candida albicans. Studies on Staphylococcus aureus,
however, showed the converse, where best activity was noted for the FC fraction (3.0 mg/mL). For P. quercifolium, the DC
fraction indicated a notable increase in anti-staphylococcal activity (2.0 mg/mL) when compared with the FC (8.0 mg/mL) and EO
(16.0 mg/mL) fractions. For P. tomentosum, the FC fraction indicated much lower antimicrobial activity (against both B. cereus
and C. albicans) when compared with all other fractions, suggesting that the essential oils may impact neg. on the antimicrobial
activity when tested against these two pathogens.
Answer 98:
Essential oil composition, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of two endemic Stachys cretica subspecies (Lamiaceae)
from Turkey. Serbetci, Tuba; Demirci, Betul; Guzel, Cagla Bozkurt; Kultur, Sukran; Erguven, Mine; Baser, Kemal Husnu Can.
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turk. Natural Product Communications
(2010), 5(9), 1369-1374. Publisher: Natural Product Inc., CODEN: NPCACO ISSN: 1934-578X. Journal written in English. AN
Abstract
The chem. compns. of the water-distd. essential oil of Stachys cretica ssp. lesbiaca Rech. fil. and S. cretica ssp. trapezuntica
Rech. fil. were detd. by GC and GC-MS. Altogether 63 compds. were identified. The sesquiterpene hydrocarbon, germacrene D
(20.3% and 12.9% resp.) was the main component identified in both oils. Furthermore, ethanol, light petroleum, dichloromethane,
Et acetate and n-butanol exts. prepd. from the aerial parts of the plants were tested for their antimicrobial activities against six
bacterial strains and the yeast Candida albicans. The exts. exhibited no antibacterial activity, but the light petroleum and
n-butanolic fractions showed low antifungal activities. Crude ethanolic exts. of the two subspecies were tested for their ability to
inhibit the growth of HL-60 and Ishikawa human tumor cell lines. The IC50 values were 100 g/mL for the HL-60 cell line and 200
g/mL for the Ishikawa cell line.
Answer 99:
Mass spectrometric analysis reveals remnants of host-pathogen molecular interactions at the starch granule surface in
wheat endosperm. Wall, Michael L.; Wheeler, Heather L.; Smith, Jeffrey; Figeys, Daniel; Altosaar, Illimar. Department of
Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Can. Phytopathology (2010), 100(9),
848-854. Publisher: American Phytopathological Society, CODEN: PHYTAJ ISSN: 0031-949X. Journal written in English. AN
Abstract
The starch granules of wheat seed are solar energy-driven deposits of fixed carbon and, as such, present themselves as targets
of pathogen attack. The seed's array of antimicrobial proteins, peptides, and small mols. comprises a mol. defense against
penetrating pathogens. In turn, pathogens exhibit an arsenal of enzymes to facilitate the degrdn. of the host's endosperm. In this
context, the starch granule surface is a relatively unexplored domain in which unique mol. barriers may be deployed to defend
against and inhibit the late stages of infection. Therefore, it was compelling to explore the starch granule surface in mature wheat
seed, which revealed evidence of host-pathogen mol. interactions that may have occurred during grain development. In this
study, starch granules from the soft wheat Triticum aestivum cv. AC Andrew and hard wheat T. turgidum durum were isolated and
water washed 20 times, and their surface proteins were digested in situ with trypsin. The peptides liberated into the supernatant
and the peptides remaining at the starch granule surface were sep. examd. In this way, we demonstrated that the identified
proteins have a strong affinity for the starch granule surface. Proteins with known antimicrobial activity were identified, as well as
several proteins from the plant pathogens Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pectobacterium carotovorum, Fusarium graminearum,
Magnaporthe grisea, Xanthomonas axonopodis, and X. oryzae. Although most of these peptides corresponded to uncharacterized
hypothetical proteins of fungal pathogens, several peptide fragments were identical to cytosolic and membrane proteins of specific
microbial pathogens. During development and maturation, wheat seed appeared to have resisted infection and lysed the
pathogens where, upon desiccation, the mol. evidence remained fixed at the starch granule surface.
Answer 100:
Chemical study and antimicrobial activities of fruit and leaf volatile extracts of Xylopia aethiopica (DUNAL) A. Rich.
against foodborne pathogens. Boniface, Yehouenou; Jean-Pierre, Noudogbessi; Philippe, Sessou; Felicien, Avlessi;
Dominique, Sohounhloue. Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche en Chimie Appliquee, Ecole Polytechnique d'Abomey-Calavi,
Universite d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin. Journal de la Societe Ouest-Africaine de Chimie (2010), 15(29), 19-27.
Publisher: Societe Ouest-Africaine de Chimie, CODEN: JSOCF2 ISSN: 0796-6687. Journal written in French. CAN 154:4988
Abstract
This present work studied the chem. compn. of leaf and fruit exts. of Xylopia aethiopica with GC and GC/SM and tested their
efficacy against foodborne pathogens. Leaf exts. contained terpinen-4-ol (30.8%), sabinene (14.7%), myrtenol (9.1%), -terpinene
(6.2%), 1,8-cineole (5.3%) and -pinene (4.7%), while fruit exts. contained -pinene (38.9%), valerianol (7.7%), myrtenal (7.4%) and
elemol (5.1%). MICs of the exts. were detd. for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Streptococcus faecalis, and
Candida albicans.
Answer 101:
Insecticidal, antimicrobial, phyto- and cytotoxicity of Chassalia kolly plant extract. Onocha, Patricia Akpomedaye; Ali,
Shaiq Muhammad. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Archives of
Applied Science Research (2010), 2(4), 151-156. Publisher: Scholars Research Library, CODEN: AASRC9 ISSN: 0975-508X.
Abstract
Chassalia kolly (Schumach.) Hepper (Rubiaceae) is used in ethno-medical practices particularly in Nigeria and the West African
sub-region for the treatment of typhoid and fevers that are endemic in Nigeria as well as in the tropics and as an insect repellent.
The methanolic ext. of the dried whole plant Chassalia kolly was investigated for insecticidal, antimicrobial, phyto- and cytotoxicity
activities. Antifungal activity was obsd. against only one of the three strains investigated namely, Candida albicans. The ext.
however inhibited the growth of all the five human pathogenic bacteria namely: Salmonella typhii, Escherica coli, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus tested in the agar cup plate diffusion technique, exhibiting a concn. dependent
activity. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using brine shrimp lethality assay revealing its relatively non-toxicity with an LD50 value
greater than 1000 g/mL. Phytotoxicity using the Lemna bioassay showed a moderate growth inhibitory effect against Lemna
minor. The insecticidal assay by contact toxicity method also revealed a moderate insecticidal rate of 40% against Rhizopertha
dominica at the concn. of 1572.7 g/cm2. The ext. contains glycosides, alkaloids and flavonoids. These results provide some
scientific basis for the utilization of the plant in ethno-medicine for the treatment of typhoid fever and as an insect repellent.
Answer 102:
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Echium italicum L. Morteza-Semnani, Katayoun;
Saeedi, Majid; Akbarzadeh, Mohammad. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of
Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants (2009), 12(5), 557-561. Publisher: Har Krishan Bhalla &
Sons, CODEN: JEOPFB ISSN: 0972-060X. Journal written in English. CAN 154:104844 AN 2010:1149310 CAPLUS
Abstract
The essential oil of Echium italicum L. (Boraginaceae) collected from the suburb of Geloogah, north of Iran, in June 2008, was
isolated by hydrodistn. and analyzed by means of GC and GC-MS. Twenty-two components were identified in this oil. The major
constituents of the essential oil were hexadecanol (27.1 %) and pulegone (8.8 %). The antimicrobial activity of E. italicum oil was
studied using the disk diffusion method and detn. of minimal inhibitory concn. (MIC) values against Bacillus subtilis,
Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergilus niger and Candida albicans. The
E. italicum oil exhibited concn.-dependent antimicrobial activity on all microorganisms tested.
Answer 103:
Inducing fungus-resistance into plants through biotechnology. Wani, Shabir Hussain. Central Institute of Temperate
Horticulture, Kashmir, India. Notulae Scientia Biologicae (2010), 2(2), 14-21. Publisher: AcademicPres, CODEN: NSBOBD
ISSN: 2067-3205. Journal written in English. AN 2010:1148987 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
Plant diseases are caused by a variety of plant pathogens including fungi, and their management requires the use of techniques
like transgenic technol., mol. biol., and genetics. There have been attempts to use gene technol. as an alternative method to
protect plants from microbial diseases, in addn. to the development of novel agrochems. and the conventional breeding of
resistant cultivars. Various genes have been introduced into plants, and the enhanced resistance against fungi has been
demonstrated. These include: genes that express proteins, peptides, or antimicrobial compds. that are directly toxic to pathogens
or that reduce their growth in situ; gene products that directly inhibit pathogen virulence products or enhance plant structural
defense genes, that directly or indirectly activate general plant defense responses; and resistance genes involved in the
hypersensitive response and in the interactions with virulence factors. The introduction of the tabtoxin acetyltransferase gene, the
stilbene synthase gene, the ribosome-inactivation protein gene and the glucose oxidase gene brought enhanced resistance in
different plants. Genes encoding hydrolytic enzymes such as chitinase and glucanase, which can deteriorate fungal cell-wall
components, are attractive candidates for this approach and are preferentially used for the prodn. of fungal disease-resistant
plants. In addn. to this, RNA-mediated gene silencing is being tried as a reverse tool for gene targeting in plant diseases caused
by fungal pathogens. In this review, different mechanisms of fungal disease resistance through biotechnol. approaches arc
discussed and the recent advances in fungal disease management through transgenic approach are reviewed.
Answer 104:
Diterpenoids from Premna integrifolia. Yadav, Deepti; Tiwari, Neerja; Gupta, Madan M. Analytical Chemistry Department,
Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India. Phytochemistry Letters (2010), 3(3), 143-147. Publisher:
Elsevier B.V., CODEN: PLHEBK ISSN: 1874-3900. Journal written in English. AN 2010:1148908 CAPLUS (Copyright (C)
Abstract
Premna integrifolia is an important constituent of famous herbal formulation "Dashmula" of Indian Ayurvedic system of medicines.
The plant is known to possess hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities due to the
presence of several diterpenoids and spermine alkaloids in its decoction. In order to develop chem. markers for quality assurance
of this herb in Ayurvedic formulation, we report here the isolation of three novel diterpenoids from the root bark of P. integrifolia
namely 1,3,8-trihydroxy-pimara-15-ene (1), 6,11,12,16-tetrahydroxy-7-oxo-abieta-8,11,13-triene (2) and
2,19-dihydroxy-pimara-7,15-diene (3). 1,3-Dihydroxy and 2-hydroxy diterpenes belong to a limited no. of families and their
isolation is also interesting from chemotaxonomic point of view. These diterpenoids were also evaluated for antibacterial activity.
Answer 105:
A rice fungal MAMP-responsive MAPK cascade regulates metabolic flow to antimicrobial metabolite synthesis.
Kishi-Kaboshi, Mitsuko; Okada, Kazunori; Kurimoto, Leona; Murakami, Shinya; Umezawa, Toshiaki; Shibuya, Naoto; Yamane,
Hisakazu; Miyao, Akio; Takatsuji, Hiroshi; Takahashi, Akira; Hirochika, Hirohiko. Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of
Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Plant Journal (2010), 63(4), 599-612. Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell, CODEN:
PLJUED ISSN: 0960-7412. Journal written in English. CAN 154:83874 AN 2010:1133486 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011
Abstract
Plants recognize potential microbial pathogens through microbial-assocd. mol. patterns (MAMPs) and activate a series of defense
responses, including cell death and the prodn. of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and diverse anti-microbial secondary metabolites.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are known to play a pivotal role in mediating MAMP signals; however, the
signaling pathway from a MAPK cascade to the activation of defense responses is poorly understood. Here, the authors found in
rice that the chitin elicitor, a fungal MAMP, activates two rice MAPKs (OsMPK3 and OsMPK6) and one MAPK kinase (OsMKK4).
OsMPK6 was essential for the chitin elicitor-induced biosynthesis of diterpenoid phytoalexins. Conditional expression of the active
form of OsMKK4 (OsMKK4DD) induced extensive alterations in gene expression, which implied dynamic changes of metabolic flow
from glycolysis to secondary metabolite biosynthesis while suppressing basic cellular activities such as translation and cell
division. OsMKK4DD also induced various defense responses, such as cell death, biosynthesis of diterpenoid phytoalexins and
lignin but not generation of extracellular ROS. OsMKK4DD-induced cell death and expression of diterpenoid phytoalexin pathway
genes, but not that of phenylpropanoid pathway genes, were dependent on OsMPK6. Collectively, the OsMKK4-OsMPK6 cascade
plays a crucial role in reprogramming plant metab. during MAMP-triggered defense responses.
Answer 106:
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Angiospermic plants. Khan, Zafar S.; Shinde, Vishal N.; Bhosle,
Nilesh P.; Nasreen, Sahera. Department of Botany, Government of Institute of Science (Post Graduate & Research Centre),
Aurangabad, India. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research (2010), 6(1), 56-61. Publisher: International Digital Organization
for Scientific Information, CODEN: MEJSAN ISSN: 1999-8147. http://www.idosi.org/mejsr/mejsr6(1)10/10.pdf Journal; Online
Computer File written in English. CAN 154:153342 AN 2010:1130182 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
The exts. of eight medicinal plants prepd. in 80% methanol and cold water were tested for their antimicrobial activity against
pathogenic bacteria and fungi. All exts. were analyzed for the detection of secondary metabolites. Some exts. revealed presence
of flavonoids, indole alkaloids, reducing sugar, cardiac glycosides, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoides. These metabolites
were detected mostly in methanol exts. of plants. Among all the plant exts., methanol ext. of Prosopis jullflora leaves showed
significant antimicrobial activity against target organisms. Methanol exts. revealed grater antimicrobial activity as compared to aq.
exts. All ext. were sepd. into different compds. on TLC. Toluene/ethyl acetate (1:1) solvent exhibited best bands sepn. of
methanol exts. There were 50 bands were appeared on TLC plate in all methanol exts. Whereas only four bands exhibited in aq.
exts. in the same solvent system. The highest no. of bands was found to be in methanol exts. of Solanum nigrum and Mangifera
indica (six each). Bioautog. was carried out to det. the antimicrobial activity of unknown compd. from methanol exts. None of the
band or compd. showed zone of inhibition against Aspergillus niger individually on TLC plate. The antimicrobial activity revealed by
these plants could be attributed to the synergetic effect of two or more detected compds.
Answer 107:
Plant-microbe interactions and secondary metabolites with antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties. Reichling,
Juergen. Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Annual Plant Reviews (2010), 39(Functions and Biotechnology of Plant Secondary Metabolites), 214-347. Publisher:
Wiley-Blackwell, CODEN: APLRFE ISSN: 1460-1494. Journal; General Review written in English. CAN 154:104730 AN
Abstract
A review. Plants have developed effective defense strategies to protect themselves from phytopathogenic microbes and
herbivores in their environment. Disease resistance in plants depends on the activation of coordinated, multicomponent defense
mechanisms. One mechanism for disease resistance in plants is their ability to accumulate low-mol.-wt. compds. (secondary
metabolites) with high antimicrobial activities, such as alkaloids, coumarins, isoflavonoids, polyacetylenes, quinones, tannins and
terpenes. Based on this knowledge, there is every reason to believe that the plant kingdom is an important source of new
antimicrobial agents with special biol. targets. Thus, in the last two decades, hundreds of different new secondary metabolites
were screened for their potential antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities. For instance, several secondary metabolites with
antiviral properties have exhibited competitive in vitro and in vivo activities with those found for synthetic antiviral drugs. It has
been shown that phyto-antiviral agents interfere with many viral targets, ranging from adsorption of the virus to the host cell via
the inhibition of virus-specific enzymes (e.g. reverse transcriptase, protease) to release virus from the cells. It is generally
accepted that bioactive plant-derived secondary metabolites are useful leads to synthesize new and more active antimicrobial
agents as well as substances with new pharmacol. effects by repeated structural modification. It is expected that structurally
modified natural products will exhibit increased potency, selectivity, duration of action, bioavailability and reduced toxicity.
Answer 108:
Composition containing algae extract as active ingredient for controlling plant diseases and insect pests and its
manufacture method. Park, Ji Seong. (Korea Plant Environmental Research Station, S. Korea). Repub. Korean Kongkae
Taeho Kongbo (2010), 9pp. CODEN: KRXXA7 KR 2010096678 A 20100902 Patent written in Korean. Application: KR
2009-15680 20090225. Priority: KR 2009-15680 20090225. CAN 153:425182 AN 2010:1118343 CAPLUS (Copyright (C)

KR 2010096678 A 20100902 KR 2009-15680 20090225
KR 2009-15680 20090225
Abstract
The title compn. contains ext. of algae such as laver and sea tangle. An alginate compn. is purified from algae through settling the
algae in acidic soln., removing water-sol. component to obtain ext., adding org. solvent in the ext., fractioning, sepg. and purifying.
The compn. contains the alginate compn., surfactant, phys. property regulator, and stabilizer. With the compn., the resistance is
not induced, and the compn. is harmless to human body. The compn. has plant disease and insect pest-controlling effect equal or
superior to the existing chem. pesticide, and can be used as control agent for plant diseases and insect pests.
Answer 109:
Peptides and proteins with antimicrobial activity. Coutinho, Henrique Douglas Melo; Lobo, Katiuscia Menezes; Bezerra,
Denise Aline Casimiro; Lobo, Inalzuir. Departamento De Ciencias Fisicas E Biologicas - DCFB, Centro De Ciencias Biologicas E
Da Saude - CCBS, Universidade Regional Do Cariri - URCA, Brazil. Indian Journal of Pharmacology (2010), 42(Suppl. 1),
S59-S65. Publisher: Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd., CODEN: INJPD2 ISSN: 0253-7613. Journal; General Review
Abstract
The increase of microbial resistance to antibiotics has led to a continuing search for newer and more effective drugs. Antimicrobial
peptides are generally found in animals, plants, and microorganisms and are of great interest to medicine, pharmacol., and the
food industry. These peptides are capable of inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms. They can attack parasites, while causing little
or no harm to the host cells. The defensins are peptides found in granules in the polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and are
responsible for the defense of the organism. Several animal defensins, like dermaseptin, antileukoprotease, protegrin, and others,
have had their activities and efficacy tested and been shown to be effective against bacteria, fungi, and protists; there are also
specific defensins from invertebrates, e.g., drosomycin and heliomicin; from plants, e.g., the types A and B; and the bacteriocins,
e.g., acrocin, marcescin, etc. The aim of the present work was to compile a comprehensive bibliog. review of the diverse
potentially antimicrobial peptides in an effort to systematize the current knowledge on these substances as a contribution for
further researches. The currently available bibliog. does not give a holistic approach on this subject. The present work intends to
show that the mechanism of defense represented by defensins is promising from the perspective of its application in the
treatment of infectious diseases in human, animals and plants.
Answer 110:
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from Cleome spinosa. McNeil, Megil J.; Porter,
Roy B. R.; Williams, Lawrence A. D.; Rainford, Lois. Department of Chemistry, University of the West Indies, Mona,
Kingston, Jamaica. Natural Product Communications (2010), 5(8), 1301-1306. Publisher: Natural Product Inc., CODEN:
NPCACO ISSN: 1934-578X. Journal written in English. AN 2010:1107027 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder
(R))
Abstract
Five different essential oil extns. of the aerial parts of Cleome spinosa Jacq. were examd. The oils obtained by hydrodistn. of the
whole aerial parts, aerial parts without flowers (fruit, leaves and stem), flowers, fruits and leaves have been examd. by GC-FID
and GC-MS. The chem. profiles of the oils reveal the dominance of oxygenated sesqui- and diterpenes, with the exception of the
fruit oil, which contained a high content of fatty acids. The most abundant compds. from the whole aerial parts were (Z)-phytol
(31.3%), integerrimine (5.5%) and incensole (4.0%). The major compds. from the aerial portion without flowers were caryophyllene
oxide (10.5%), (-)-spathulenol (7.5%) and Z-phytol (6.9%). In the flower oil, the main components were 7--hydroxy manool
(23.8%), incensole (9.2%) and sclareol (8.7%). The chief constituents in the fruit oil were tetradecanoic acid (40.6%), (Z)-phytol
(6.58%) and sclareol (4.5%). In the leaf oil, (Z)-phytol (19.5%), 7--hydroxy manool (6.8%) and caryophyllene oxide (4.36%) were
the predominant compds. Antimicrobial activity of the oil obtained from the whole aerial part was evaluated against nine microbial
strains using a filter paper disk-diffusion method. The volatile oil showed moderate action against seven of the eight bacteria
strains used, with significant inhibitory activity against Streptococcus pyogenes Group A when compared with the std. antibiotics,
ampicillin and gentamicin. The fungus, Candida albicans was less sensitive to the essential oil. The oils showed moderate
insecticidal activity against Cylas formicarius elegantalus, but possessed no antioxidant activity as indicated by the DPPH
method. This represents the first report on the chem. compn. of the essential oils from C. spinosa found in Jamaica and the in
vitro antioxidant, insecticidal and antimicrobial potential of the oil from the aerial parts.
Answer 111:
NmDef02, a novel antimicrobial gene isolated from Nicotiana megalosiphon confers high-level pathogen resistance
under greenhouse and field conditions. Portieles, Roxana; Ayra, Camilo; Gonzalez, Ernesto; Gallo, Araiz; Rodriguez, Raisa;
Chacon, Osmany; Lopez, Yunior; Rodriguez, Mayra; Castillo, Juan; Pujol, Merardo; Enriquez, Gil; Borroto, Carlos; Trujillo, Luis;
Thomma, Bart P. H. J.; Borras-Hidalgo, Orlando. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba. Plant
Biotechnology Journal (2010), 8(6), 678-690. Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell, CODEN: PBJLAE ISSN: 1467-7644. Journal written
in English. AN 2010:1082122 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
Plant defensins are small cysteine-rich peptides that inhibit the growth of a broad range of microbes. In this article, we describe
NmDef02, a novel cDNA encoding a putative defensin isolated from Nicotiana megalosiphon upon inoculation with the tobacco
blue mold pathogen Peronospora hyoscyami f.sp. tabacina. NmDef02 was heterologously expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris,
and the purified recombinant protein was found to display antimicrobial activity in vitro against important plant pathogens.
Constitutive expression of NmDef02 gene in transgenic tobacco and potato plants enhanced resistance against various plant
microbial pathogens, including the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, causal agent of the economically important potato late blight
disease, under greenhouse and field conditions.
Answer 112:
Preliminary study of activities of crude lectin from Peganum harmala seeds. Tang, Haishu; Ning, Xuefei; Chen, Liangliang;
Yin, Xiaoli; Luo, Jingjing; Ma, Xiaojin; Sun, Surong. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering,
College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province, Peop. Rep. China. Xibei Zhiwu Xuebao
(2010), 30(4), 813-820. Publisher: Kexue Chubanshe, CODEN: XZXUEV ISSN: 1000-4025. Journal written in Chinese. CAN
154:27452 AN 2010:1079188 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
The crude proteins of Peganum harmala L. seeds were extd. by the stepwise addn. of satd. ammonium sulfate and their
hemagglutination and antimicrobial activity were detected. The results of hemagglutination assay indicated the crude lectin
fractionated by 50%-60% satn. of ammonium sulfate had the highest hemagglutination activity for the red bleed cells of chicken,
the lowest concn. of hemagglutination was 0.6 mg/L. The data showed that the temp., pH, metal ion, and carbohydrate soln. could
affect the hemagglutination activity of the crude lectin. The crude lectin by the different satn. of sulfate ammonium displayed
different inhibition between 6 kinds of bacteria and 5 kinds of fungi, the former were able to cause human disease, and the latter
were able to cause fruits rotted and food supplies gone moldy. The crude lectin obtained by 50%-60% satn. of ammonium sulfate
had the highest inhibitory activity, the radii of antibacterial ring on Acinetobacter baumannii and Penicillium italicum were up to 8.1
mm and 4.9 mm resp. when the concn. of the crude lection was 1.071 mg/mL. It was suggested that the study of the activities of
the crude lectin from P. harmala seeds could provide some scientific evidence for producing antimicrobial medical drugs and
cultivating transgenic plants which have antifungal activity.
Answer 113:
Essential oil from Salvia officinalis L. and its effect on microbial parameters of piglets in a model experiment.
Poracova, Janka; Taylorova, Beata; Salamon, Ivan. Department of Biology, Department of Ecology, Faculty of Humanities and
Natural Sciences, Presov University 1, Presov, Slovakia. Herba Polonica (2009), 55(4), 78-85. Publisher: Instytut Wlokien
Naturalnych i Roslin Zielarskich, CODEN: HPBIA9 ISSN: 0018-0599. Journal written in English. AN 2010:1074612 CAPLUS
Abstract
Plant essential oils and their active components have shown a large scale of activities: as antimicrobials, anti-oxidants, digestive
stimulators, anti-inflammators, appetisers and performance enhancers. The antimicrobial properties of the essential oil from sage
(Salvia officinalis L., family Lamiaceae) were evaluated against selected bacteria in a model expt. in crossbred piglets (Slovak
White  Pietrain) weaned at 10 days of age. The essential oil was applied daily in a dose of 0.05% into the com. feed mixt. COS 1
and COS 2 for a period of three weeks, starting at the age of 21 days to 7 piglets in an exptl. group and pathogen concns. were
compared with a control group of 3 piglets. Faecal samples of piglets were analyzed on the 21st, 35th and 42nd days of age and
counts of anaerobes, Escherichia coli, enterobacteria and enterococci were performed. The differences in counts of selected
bacteria within the control group during the expt. were not statistically significant. The counts within the exptl. group showed
statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in no. of all selected bacteria between 1st and 2nd samplings. The anaerobic bacteria
count was also significantly different on 21st and 42nd day of age. Comparing the control and the exptl. group counts of
Escherichia coli at the age of 35 days were significantly lower in the exptl. group. All statistically significant differences obsd.
showed decrease in selected bacteria counts. No adverse effects on animal health were noticed when using sage essential oil.
Therefore, sage oil may be recommended to be an alternative fytoaditive antimicrobial supplement to conventional additives used
in animal feed. (Because of the essential oil is inhibitory to selected pathogenic microorganisms it may provide alternative and
supplement to conventional antimicrobial additives in foods.
Answer 114:
Method for preparing antimicrobial agent containing active plant glycosides and peptides from traditional Chinese
medicines and enzymes. Jiang, Xujun. (Weifang Aofeng Crop Virus Control Technology Service Co., Ltd., Peop. Rep. China).
Faming Zhuanli Shenqing (2010), 10pp. CODEN: CNXXEV CN 101803620 A 20100818 Patent written in Chinese.
Application: CN 2010-10123942 20100315. Priority: CN 2010-10123942 20100315. CAN 153:327606 AN 2010:1052642

CN 101803620 A 20100818 CN 2010-10123942 20100315
CN 2010-10123942 20100315
Abstract
The raw materials for the title antimicrobial agent comprise (by wt. parts) Cremastra appendiculata 50-70, medicated leaven 90-110,
Andrographis paniculata 50-70, Forsythia suspensa 40-60, Smilax glabra 40-60, Sophora tonkinensis 40-60, Scutellaria baicalensis
40-60, Angelica sinensis 40-60, Astragalus membranaceus 90-110, Flos Lonicerae 40-60, Radix Glycyrrhizae 20-40, Houttuynia
cordata 40-60, Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora 30-50, garlicin 40-60, Xanthium sibiricum 30-50, Panax notoginseng 20-40, papain 40-60,
and pancreatin 4-6. The title method comprises the steps of: pulverizing the traditional Chinese medicines at 0-10C to 220 mesh,
adding papain, extg. with supercrit. fluid to obtain a fluid, adding pancreatin, and performing supercrit. fluid extn. to obtain an
antimicrobial agent. The method has the advantages of no pollution and no residue. The raw materials from the enzymic
hydrolysis are ready for absorption by the plants.
Answer 115:
Biologically active endophytic Quambalaria sp. from Leptospermum junipae in Australia. Amin, Raima M.; Strobel, Gary
A.; Vishnevetsky, Michael; Ren, Yuhao; Geary, Brad. Department of Plant Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman,
MT, USA. Mycology (2010), 1(1), 67-74. Publisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd., CODEN: MYCOCG ISSN: 2150-1203. Journal
Abstract
An endophyte, designated "AV 17-3", was isolated from a stem sample of an Australian Prickly Tea Tree, Leptospermum junipae,
growing in the coastal area of the state of Victoria, Australia. Isolation of the partial 18S rDNA sequence and a subsequent search
in GenBank revealed high homol. to the fungal genus Quambalaria. Std. SEM (SEM) as well as environmental SEM of the isolate
revealed that it produces widely elliptically shaped spores (4.5-5.5  1-2.2 m) and secondary budding spores (2.0-3.0  1.5-1.7
m) on conidiophores, all showing a close similarity to Quambularia pitereka. The fungus produces bioactive compds. that were
inhibitory to all and lethal to some pathogenic fungi, such as Phytophthora erythroseptica. It also inhibited or killed other tested
bacteria and fungi, including Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella lyphimurium, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Xanthomonas citri, Mycosphaerella fijiensis, Saccharomyces cerevisae and Bacillus subtilus. It is well known that
Quambalaria pitereka is a cause of blight in Australian tree species; however, our isolate of Quambalaria produced no evidence of
disease in its host plant and exhibited strong antimicrobial activities against a variety of human and plant pathogens. At least one
reddish biol. active product was isolated and shown to be polar and labile.
Answer 116:
Physiologically active nutrient composition using microorganism and used for trees and its application method.
Jung, Yong Gyo; Bang, Seung Jun. (Sinrim Co., Ltd., S. Korea). Repub. Korea (2010), 14pp. CODEN: KRXXFC KR
976445 B1 20100817 Patent written in Korean. Application: KR 2009-27735 20090331. Priority: KR 2009-27735 20090331.

KR 976445 B1 20100817 KR 2009-27735 20090331
KR 2009-27735 20090331
Abstract
The title compn. comprises microorganism ext. obtained from antimicrobial microorganism and capable of activating plant growth,
salt-resistant plant ext. contg. proline and betaine and capable of enhancing the resistance against salt stress, inorg. nutrients
selected from potassium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, calcium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and ferric chloride, growth
regulator contg. niacin, pyridoxine, thiamine and kinetin or indolebutyric acid, and vitamin (tocopherol or choline). Through injecting
the compn. into trunks or roots of plants (planted in seaside, dry, or cold regions), the environment stress of the plants is lowered,
and the plant growth is promoted. The physiol. activity of trees can be promoted, and the effect is taken rapidly.
Answer 117:
The influence of 60Co gamma radiation on the action of phenolic compounds of Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan
in the microbiological control of crude extracts. Santos, G. H. F.; Silva, E. B.; Sena, K. X. F. R.; Silva, B. L.; Lima, C. S.
A. Departamento de Energia Nuclear, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil. International Journal of Low
Radiation (2010), 7(3), 223-235. Publisher: Inderscience Enterprises Ltd., CODEN: IJLRAL ISSN: 1477-6545. Journal written
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of gamma radiation on the total phenols, tannins and antimicrobial activity of ethanolic plant
exts. of the bark and leaves of Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan (angico). The exts. were sepd. into four groups (0, 5, 7.5
and 10 kGy) to quantify total phenols (Folin-Ciocalteu method), tannins (pptn. of casein), and antimicrobial activity (disk diffusion
of Gram-pos., Gram-neg., acid-alc.-resistant bacteria and yeasts; Minimal Inhibitory Concn. (MIC) of Gram pos. and alc.-acid
resistant bacteria). Tannin levels were 52% to 57% of total phenols in bark, and 58% to 60% in leaves, and there was no
statistically significant difference between groups. There was antimicrobial activity against Gram-pos. and alc.-acid-resistant
bacteria (bark and leaves) and Gram-neg. bacteria and yeasts (leaves). However, the gamma radiation had no influence on the
levels of total phenols and tannins or the antimicrobial activity of exts. of bark and leaves of A. colubrina.
Answer 118:
Analysis of phytochemical constituents and anti-microbial activity of some medicinal plants in Tamilnadu, India.
Manjamalai, A.; Singh, R. Sardar Sathyajith; Guruvayoorappan, C.; Berlin Grace, V. M. Department of Biotechnology, School of
Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Karunya University, Coimbatore, India. Global Journal of Biotechnology & Biochemistry
(2010), 5(2), 120-128. Publisher: International Digital Organization for Scientific Information, CODEN: GJBBA3 ISSN:
1995-9001. http://www.idosi.org/gjbb/gjbb5(2)10/8.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in English. CAN 154:43045 AN
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze the phytochem. constituents of some selected medicinal plants such as Tridax procumbens
Linn, Wedelia chinensis and Plectranthus amboinicus. Methanol and ethanol ext. of the dried leaves of these plants were collected
and used for phytochem. and anti-bacterial anal. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against different bacterial strains by
detecting min. inhibitory concn. and zone of inhibition. The min. inhibitory concn. values were compared with control and zone of
inhibition were compared with std. antibiotic disks of vancomycin. The quant. phytochem. anal. was performed using GC-MS by
the essential oil obtained by hydro distn. process. The major peaks obtained for the corresponding plant ext. include the following,
Plectranthus amboinicus (11 major peaks), Wedelia chinensis (10 major peaks) and Tridax procumbens Linn (15 major peaks) resp.
Answer 119:
Antimicrobial studies of biocompatible colloidal silver nanoparticles with tunable visible to near-infrared plasmonic
absorptions. Marpu, Sreekar; Kolailat, Samar; Charturvedi, Ratnesh; Shah, Jyoti; Hu, Zhibing; Omary, Mohammad A.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA. Abstracts of Papers, 240th
ACS National Meeting, Boston, MA, United States, August 22-26, 2010 (2010), COLL-309. Publisher: American Chemical
Society, Washington, D. C CODEN: 69NAQG Conference; Meeting Abstract; Computer Optical Disk written in English. AN
Abstract
Colloidal silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) of different sizes and shapes with tunable plasmonic absorptions within the entire 400-900
nm range are synthesized by simple photochem. redn. of AgNO3 in presence of a biocompatible polymer, chitosan, by varying the
pH of the medium and/or light exposure conditions. Chitosan, a highly cationic and amine terminating polymer, is being used for
its unique biocompatible and biodegradable properties for various biomedical applications. Stabilizing different size/shape silver
nanoparticles in chitosan by avoiding harmful reducing agents will further enhance the biol. significance of chitosan as well as
silver nanoparticles. An interesting phenomenon of reversible pH-dependent gelation is obsd. such that the well-known Ag NP
plasmonic absorption at ca. 410 nm is, most unusually, accompanied by addnl. absorption bands at near-IR wavelengths. This
single step method provides a convenient recipe for formation of Ag NPs with tunable shape and size simply by an intricate
interplay of pH and light exposure variations. These particles are characterized by UV-Vis, DLS, SEM, TEM and EDAX analyses.
Preliminary results showed promising antimicrobial activity in prokaryotic plant pathogenic bacteria, Pseudomonas syringe DC
3000 and Pseudomonas syringe PV maculicola. Studies are in progress to exactly det. the antimicrobial effect depending on size,
shape, concn., and microbe type.
Answer 120:
Effect of transgenic cotton plants transformed with antimicrobial synthetic peptide D4E1 on cotton seedling disease, soil
microbial diversity, and enzymatic activity. Odom, LaKisha J.; Ankumah, Ramble O.; Jaynes, Jesse; Bonsi, Conrad; Cary,
Jeffery W.; Egnin, Marceline; Mortley, Desmond; Ogden, Lanell; Rajasekaran, Kanniah. Department of Agriculture and
Environmental Science, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA. Abstracts of Papers, 240th ACS National Meeting, Boston,
MA, United States, August 22-26, 2010 (2010), AGFD-214. Publisher: American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C
CODEN: 69NAQG Conference; Meeting Abstract; Computer Optical Disk written in English. AN 2010:1007685 CAPLUS
Abstract
D4E1 is a synthetic antimicrobial peptide which has been shown in vitro and in planta to have broad spectrum antimicrobial action
against many fungal orders. Genetic modification has been used in cotton to attempt disease resistance to the two fungal
pathogens assocd. with Cotton Seedling Disease in Alabama, (Rhizoctonia Solani and Pythium). In a completely randomized
designed field trial, over two planting seasons, test plots were assigned either a control with GUS reporter gene, a non-transgenic
parent variety, or one of 3 isogenic lines of cotton seed transformed with D4E1 (designated 357, 358, and 373). Evidence of
disease symptoms was evaluated and the soil was then randomly sampled and composited and subjected to pyrosequencing and
phosphatase enzyme assays. Those treatments contg. D4E1 showed increased resistance to cotton seedling disease and no
difference between the control and treatments in microbial diversity or phosphatase enzyme activity.
Answer 121:
Herbal antioxidant: an emerging health protector (veggie route to healthy living). Maheshwari, Raaz; Rani, Beena; Singh,
Priyanka. Deptt of Chemistry, SBDTC, Lakshman Garh (Sikar), India. Journal of Pharmacy Research (2009), 2(3),
569-573. Publisher: Journal of Pharmacy Research, CODEN: JPROFW ISSN: 0974-6943.
http://jpronline.info/article/view/254/217 Journal; General Review; Online Computer File written in English. CAN 154:45146 AN
Abstract
A review. In spite of several defense mechanisms existing in the physiol. system of the body, the free radicals add on to hepatic
damage, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and many more. Various herbs have been reported to contain no.
of bioactive moieties that render them powerful antioxidants, and have been cited as promising biochem. aids in the treatment of
carcinogenic activities, atherosclerosis, and diabetes - posing antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and neuro protective abilities. The
model role of antioxidants has been approved to reduce the rate of particular oxidn. reactions in a specific context, involving
transfer of electron from a key substance to an oxidizing agent. Antioxidants scavenge free radicals and thus inhibit the oxidative
mechanisms that lead to degenerative disorders. Reactive oxygen species like H2O2 and hydroxyl ions (-OH), which are highly
unstable, damage cells by chain reactions. Researches of eminent scholars indicate that consumption of antioxidants - rich food
stuffs reduces damage to cell membrane and certain biochems. e.g. nucleic acids. They have been found to prevent, or even
reverse various diseases that result from cellular damage and also to an extent slow down the natural ageing process. Since
ancient times, Ayurvedic formulations have been used to cure several ailments with minimal side effects, as the herbs mentioned
in the texts and manuscripts are considered safe for human consumption. Recent findings have indicated that there is inverse
relationship between the dietary intake of antioxidant rich foods and the incidence of human disease. Thus antioxidants play a
vital role in checking oxidative stress taking place in physiol. processes. Studies are being carried out in various organizations to
know about the details of antioxidative properties and pharmacol. action of constituents in various herbs, vegetables and fruits.
The enzymically potential antioxidants hither to known are superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione
peroxidase. In the non-enzymic category, there are vitamin-A, vitamin-C, flavonoids, a- carotenoids, uric acid
(urates), ubiquinone and other synthetic compds. viz. DHEA, melatonins etc. The goal of present paper is to
recommend the research for the development of inexpensive, highly available and effective naturally aesthetic
antioxidants from biodiversified medicinal flora of the modern era, which is in fact an utmost need of hour.
Answer 122:
In vitro antimicrobial, anthelmintic and cyclooxygenase-inhibitory activities and phytochemical analysis of Leucosidea
sericea. Aremu, A. O.; Fawole, O. A.; Chukwujekwu, J. C.; Light, M. E.; Finnie, J. F.; Van Staden, J. Research Centre for
Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg,
Scottsville, S. Afr. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2010), 131(1), 22-27. Publisher: Elsevier Ireland Ltd., CODEN: JOETD7
Abstract
Ethnopharmacol. relevance: Leucosidea sericea is used as a vermifuge and in the treatment of ophthalmia by various tribes in
southern African countries. Aim of the study: The study aimed at screening leaves and stems of Leucosidea sericea for
pharmacol. activity and validating the plant's traditional use. A general phytochem. screening was also carried out. Materials and
methods: Petroleum ether (PE), dichloromethane (DCM), ethanol (EtOH) and water exts. of the plant parts were investigated for
antimicrobial, anthelmintic and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory activities. Gram-pos. bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and
Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-neg. bacteria (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and Candida albicans were used for the
antimicrobial evaluation. Caenorhabditis elegans was used for the anthelmintic assay using the microdilution technique.
Cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 (COX-1 and -2) were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of the plant exts. Phytochem.
anal. for phenolic compds., including gallotannins, condensed tannins and flavonoids was done using 50% methanol exts. of the
leaves and stems employing spectrophotometric methods. Results: The leaf exts. exhibited broad spectrum antibacterial activity
ranging from 0.025 to 6.25 mg/mL. The most noteworthy min. inhibitory concn. (MIC) of 0.025 mg/mL was exhibited by PE and
DCM leaf exts. against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, resp. In the anthelmintic assay, the best min. lethal concn.
(MLC) value of 0.26 mg/mL was obsd. for the DCM and EtOH leaf exts. Both leaf and stem org. solvent exts. exhibited high to
moderate inhibition against COX-1 and -2 at a screening concn. of 250 g/mL. At lower concns., the exts. displayed a
dose-dependent inhibition, with the lowest IC50 values of 0.06 g/mL (COX-1) and 12.66 g/mL (COX-2) exhibited by the PE ext.
of the leaves. Generally, the leaf exts. exhibited better pharmacol. activities and contained higher amts. of phenolic compds. than
the stem exts.
Alkaloids and saponins were only detected in the leaf and stem exts., resp. Conclusion: The reported results support
the local use of Leucosidea sericea against eye infections and as a vermifuge. The pharmacol. activities exhibited
by the leaf exts. are probably due to their higher phenolic levels.
Answer 123:
Development of Indian acalypha herbal antimicrobial finishing of garment for skin diseases. Krishnaveni, V.;
Amsamani, S. Kumaraguru College of Technology, Avinashilingam Deemed University, Coimbatore, India. Nonwoven &
Technical Textiles (2010), 3(2), 20-24. Publisher: Colour Publications Pvt. Ltd., CODEN: NTTOB8 ISSN: 0974-1607. Journal
Abstract
Textiles come to our help in every walk of life, in either conspicuous or inconspicuous form. The fields of application of tech.
textiles are unlimited and the ideas often revolutionary. Healthcare is a serious business which is not only influenced by practicing
medical professionals. Good hygiene is an aid to health, comfort and social interactions. It directly aids in disease prevention or
disease isolation. With the increasing threat from new strains of bacteria and viruses growing problems, Textiles being vulnerable
to microorganisms attack would cause many cross infections and allergic reactions. The no. of bio-functional textiles with an
antimicrobial activity has increased considerably over the last few years. The awareness of health and hygiene for consumers
has increased the demand for antimicrobial textiles. While in the past it was predominantly tech. textiles, which had, antimicrobial
finishes in particular to protect against bacteria and fungi, now-a-days textiles worn close to the body have been developed for a
variety of different applications as far as medical and hygienic tasks. Antimicrobial finish on fabrics can minimize the transfer of
microorganisms onto the wearer by creating a phys. barrier. It prevents the skin diseases caused by the microorganisms. The
various medicinal plants found in nature exhibit excellent anti-microbial properties. A new approach is made to make textile
material antimicrobial using natural exts. on cotton fabrics curing skin allergies. The 'miracle plant', Indian Acalypha (Kuppivaeni)
which is a commonly available plant in Tamil Nadu, was chosen for the study. The plant ext. was screened by qual. antimicrobial
test for the presence of active principles. It involves the applications of Kuppivaeni leaf exts. of the plant onto cotton fabric by
optimizing the process conditions - pH, time and temp. The fabrics were treated with 50%, 75% and 100% concns. Ethanol was
used as a solvent for extn.
The treated samples have been tested for activity as per AATCC147, AATCC100 and AATCC30 agar diffusion test
methods. Fabric property tests for all treated and untreated samples were carried out, which indicates a little change
in the properties. 100% treated fabric was found to be much softer and its washing fastness was found to be better
than all the other treated samples. Antibacterial and antimycotic tests were carried out for all the treated and
untreated samples. An attempt was also made to assess the healing activity of the Indian Acalypha treated shirt on
skin allergies and rashes.
Answer 124:
Enhanced antimicrobial activity compositions of blends of plant essential oils. Van Beek, Ronald R. (USA). U.S. Pat.
Appl. Publ. (2010), 6pp., Cont.-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 426,622. CODEN: USXXCO US 20100196494 A1 20100805 Patent
written in English. Application: US 2010-758400 20100412. Priority: US 2008-53216P 20080514; US 2009-426622 20090420.

US 20100196494 A1 20100805 US 2010-758400 20100412
US 20090285886 A1 20091119 US 2009-426622 20090420
US 20090285904 A1 20091119 US 2009-509683 20090727
US 2008-53216P P 20080514
US 2009-426622 A2 20090420
Abstract
Antimicrobial compns. based on a combination or blend of plant essential oils is of enhanced antimicrobial effectiveness; by
adding to the combination of at least two plant essential oils, and preferably adds a small but antimicrobial enhancing effective
amt. of an enhancer selected from the group consisting of polyionic org. enhancers and polyionic inorg. enhancers. One preferred
blended oil compn. is a mixt. of plant essential oils wherein at least one of the oils is oregano oil. The oil blend is used as a major
component in the finished product anti-microbial.
Answer 125:
Evaluation of heat stable proteins, total soluble proteins and antibacterial properties of Costus pictus D. Don.
Manjula, A. C.; Shubha. Department of Sericulture, Maharani's Science College for Women, Karnataka, India. Bioscan
(2010), 5(1), 169-170. Publisher: National Environmentalists Association, CODEN: BIOSGT ISSN: 0973-7049. Journal written
Abstract
Costus pictus D. Don or Costus mexicanus belongs to family costaceae. People of Karnataka and Kerala use the leaves of this
plant to treat diabetes. It has hypoglycemic and antihelmenthic properties and the plant are rich in antioxidants. Heat stable
proteins and total sol. proteins anal. revealed high HSP and TSP content on the leaves. Antimicrobial activity of the plant was
evaluated against human pathogenic bacteria viz., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus.
The HSP of the leaves of the plant used for the study revealed significant growth inhibitory effects. The results showed that the
min. inhibitory concn. of the leaf protein ext. against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas was at 50L/mL. MIC of Bacillus
subtilis and Escherchia coli was at 75L/mL.
Answer 126:
Composition with radix dipsacus extract as effective component for preventing plant disease and plant disease
prevention method using the composition. Kim, Jin Cheol; Choi, Gyeong Ja; Choi, Yong Ho; Jang, Gyeong Su; Choi, Nam
Hui; Min, Byeong Seon. (Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, S. Korea). Repub. Korean Kongkae Taeho Kongbo
(2010), 17pp. CODEN: KRXXA7 KR 2010085364 A 20100729 Patent written in Korean. Application: KR 2009-4604
SciFinder (R))

KR 2010085364 A 20100729 KR 2009-4604 20090120
KR 2009-4604 20090120
Abstract
The effective component of the title compn. is hederagenin saponin compds. cauloside A (I) or colchiside (II), or Radix Dipsacus
ext. contg. hederagenin saponin compd. mixt. of I and II. The compn. is derived from natural product, and has no harm to human
body and no environment pollution. The compn. exhibits prevention activity on plant mycosis such as Phytophthora infestans,
Pyricularia oryzae, rice sheath blight, and Botrytis cinerea, and can be used in development of environment-friendly natural
antimicrobial agent and prodn. of high-addnl.-value org. agricultural products.
Answer 127:
Dihydronaphtalenone and chromone from Cassia petersiana Bolle and the antisalmonellal activity of its crude extract.
Gatsing, Donatien; Djemgou, Pierre C.; Garba, Ibrahim H.; Aliyu, Roseline; Tchuendem, Marguerite H.; Tane, Pierre; Ngadjui,
Bonaventure T.; Seguin, Elisabeth; Adoga, Godwin I. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang,
Dschang, Cameroon. Research Journal of Phytochemistry (2010), 4(3), 201-206. Publisher: Academic Journals, CODEN:
RJPEBY ISSN: 1819-3471. Journal written in English. AN 2010:957098 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
Phytochem. investigation of the leaves of C. petersiana afforded two new compds. (4

-Acetyl-3,7-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethyldihydronaphtalenone and 5-Hydroxy-7-acetonyl-2-methylenechromone), in addn. to common
terpenes as sitosterol, stigmasterol glucoside. The crude ext. and the new compds. were tested for antisalmonellal activity. The
structures of the compds. were detd. from comprehensive NMR studies, including 1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, HMQC, HMBC, MS, IR
and comparison with literature data.
Answer 128:
The chemistry, pharmacologic, and therapeutic applications of Polyalthia longifolia. Katkar, K. V.; Suthar, A. C.;
Chauhan, V. S. Department of Herbal, Piramal Life Sciences Limited, Mumbai, India. Pharmacognosy Reviews (2010),
4(7), 62-68. Publisher: Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd., CODEN: PRHEEV ISSN: 0973-7847.
http://www.phcogrev.com/article.asp?issn=0973-7847;year=2010;volume=4;issue=7;spage=62;epage=68;aulast=Katkar;type=2
Journal; General Review; Online Computer File written in English. CAN 154:27490 AN 2010:942588 CAPLUS (Copyright
Abstract
A review. Medicinal plants are nature's gift to human beings to lead a disease-free, healthy life. They play a vital role in
preserving our health. India is one of the most medicoculturally diverse countries in the world, where the medicinal plant sector is
part of a time-honored tradition that is respected even today. Medicinal plants are believed to be much safer and proved as elixir
in the treatment of various ailments. In our country, more than 2000 medicinal plants are recognized. Polyalthia longifolia cv.
pendula (Annonaceae) is native to the drier regions of India and is locally known as "Ashoka" and is commonly cultivated in
Pakistan and Sri Lanka. This plant is used as an antipyretic agent in indigenous systems of medicine. Pharmacol. studies on the
bark and leaves of this plant show effective antimicrobial activity, cytotoxic function, antiulcer activity, hypoglycemic activity,
and hypotensive effect. The present article includes the detailed exploration of pharmacol. properties of P. longifolia in an attempt
to provide a direction for further research.
Answer 129:
Cistaceae aqueous extracts containing ellagitannins show antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity, and cytotoxic activity
against human cancer cells. Barrajon-Catalan, Enrique; Fernandez-Arroyo, Salvador; Saura, Domingo; Guillen, Emilio;
Fernandez-Gutierrez, Alberto; Segura-Carretero, Antonio; Micol, Vicente. Molecular and Cellular Biology Institute (IBMC), Miguel
Hernandez University, Elche, Alicante, Spain. Food and Chemical Toxicology (2010), 48(8-9), 2273-2282. Publisher: Elsevier
Ltd., CODEN: FCTOD7 ISSN: 0278-6915. Journal written in English. CAN 153:325267 AN 2010:935222 CAPLUS
Abstract
Roots and aerial parts of Cistaceae have been used since ancient times in the Mediterranean cultures for its medicinal properties.
In this study, phenolic and tannin content of C. ladanifer and C. populifolius leaves aq. exts. were detd. and their antioxidant and
antimicrobial activity were fully studied by several in vitro assays. Their major compds. were identified and quantitated by
high-performance liq. chromatog. with diode array detection coupled to electrospray ion-trap mass spectrometry. Cytotoxicity on a
panel of human cancer cells was also detd. C. populifolius ext. was stronger antioxidant than C. ladanifer ext. in electron transfer
reaction based assays but C. ladanifer ext. was more effective to inhibit peroxyl radicals. The major compds. in both exts. were
ellagitannins, esp. punicalagins derivs., showing C. populifolius a higher content. C. ladanifer showed noteworthy antibacterial
activity against Staphylococcus aureus, whereas C. populifolius was effective against Escherichia coli, with MICs values of 154
and 123 g/mL, resp. Last, both exts. showed a notorious capacity to inhibit the proliferation of M220 pancreatic cancer cells and
MCF7/HER2 and JIMT-1 breast cancer cells. The leaves of these plants suppose a source for water-sol. ellagitannins-enriched
polyphenolic exts. with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Their cytotoxic activity against several cancer cells may deserve
further attention.
Answer 130:
Antibacterial activity of leaf extracts from Azadirachta indica A. juss and Solanum trilobatum Linn. Santhi, P. R.;
Poongothai, G. Department of Chemistry, A.V.C. College (Autonomous), Mayiladuthurai, India. Asian Journal of Chemistry
(2010), 22(1), 821-822. Publisher: Asian Journal of Chemistry, CODEN: AJCHEW ISSN: 0970-7077. Journal; Computer Optical
Disk written in English. CAN 153:563691 AN 2010:934523 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
In this study, the antimicrobial activity of Azadirachta indica A. juss and Solanum trilobatum Linn plants leaves were taken for the
study. The green leaves of the Azadirachta indica A. juss and Solanum trilobatum Linn plants, was extd. by aq. method in
aspetical manner. Whatman filter paper No. 1, disks were used impregnation in the aq. soln. Azadirachta indica A. juss and
Solanum trilobatum Linn ext. and dried at 37 C and sterilized in air oven at 80 C for 2 h. The medicinal efficacy was examd.
against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae by observing the sensitive zone to the herbal ext. disks.
Answer 131:
Volatile constituents and antimicrobial activities from flower and fruit of Arbutus unedo L. Kahriman, Nuran; Albay,
Canan Gulec; Dogan, Nese; Usta, Asu; Karaoglu, Sengul Alpay; Yayli, Nurettin. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and
Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turk. Asian Journal of Chemistry (2010), 22(8), 6437-6442. Publisher:
Asian Journal of Chemistry, CODEN: AJCHEW ISSN: 0970-7077. Journal written in English. CAN 153:550312 AN
Abstract
Essential oils isolated by hydrodistn. from flower and fruit of Arbutus unedo growing in Turkey were analyzed by GC and GC/MS.
Forty-nine compds., representing around 95 % of the total oils were identified. Non-terpenoids hydrocarbons were shown to be the
main group of constituents of the flower and fruit part of the plant in the ratio of 62.2 and 92.8 %, resp. The major component in
the essential oil of the flower was -terpineol (16.3 %) and the main compd. in the essential oil of the fruit was hexadecanoic acid
(21.7 %). The antimicrobial activity of the isolated essential oils of the flower and fruit were also investigated and it showed
moderate antibacterial activity against Listeria monocitogenes and Enterococcus faecalis.
Answer 132:
Phytochemical and antimicrobial activities of the soapnut saponin and its derivatives from the Sapindus mukurossi.
Reddy, D. Rama Sekhara; Mallika, D.; Reddy, G. Damodar; Murthy, Y. L. N. Department of Organic Chemistry, Andhra
University, Visakhapatnam, India. Asian Journal of Chemistry (2010), 22(7), 5399-5403. Publisher: Asian Journal of
Chemistry, CODEN: AJCHEW ISSN: 0970-7077. Journal written in English. CAN 153:613862 AN 2010:924250 CAPLUS
Abstract
The phytochem. study of the soapnuts of Sapindus mukurossi revealed the presence of saponins from water ext. The saponins
and its derivs. are identified based on their m.ps., IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectral data, as saponin, saponin acetate, saponin Me
ester, saponin Me ester acetate, hederagenin. The antimicrobial activities of the saponin and its derivs. were investigated. The
saponin and its derivs. were tested for their antibacterial activities against gram pos., gram neg. organisms and fungi.
Answer 133:
Flavonoids with antimicrobial properties. Gutierrez, Rosa Martha Perez. Mexico City, Mex. Editor(s): Haugen, Leiv;
Bjornson, Terje. Beta Carotene (2009), 93-190. Publisher: Nova Science Publishers, Inc., Hauppauge, N. Y CODEN:
69MZKC Conference; General Review written in English. CAN 153:616929 AN 2010:922993 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011
Abstract
A review. Medicinal plants have long been utilized as a source of therapeutic agents in many cultures. Much of the research to
date on the antibacterial and antifungal activities has been motivated by the desire to find useful compds. for specific agricultural
o medicinal applications. As a result, bioassay designs and choice of bioassay species has varied tremendously, which
complicates any attempt to find overall patterns in the relationship between structures and their biol. activity against pathogenic
microorganisms that produce disease in men and animals. The present review is an up-to-date and comprehensive anal. of the
source plants, chem., structure-activity and mechanisms of action relationship of flavonoids isolated and identified from plants
that present antimicrobial activity.
Answer 134:
Antimicrobial activities of eight compounds purified from the roots of Polygala tenuifolia willdenow and the aerial
bulbils of Dioscorea batatas decene. Chin, Hwi Seung; Son, Rak Ho; Lee, Yong-Hwa; Ham, Ahrom; Mar, Woongchon; Kim,
Won-Ki; Nam, Kung-Woo. R&D Center, Jung San Bio Technology, Kyunggi-Do, S. Korea. Yakhak Hoechi (2010), 54(2),
106-111. Publisher: Pharmaceutical Society of Korea, CODEN: YAHOA3 ISSN: 0377-9556. Journal written in Korean. AN
Abstract
The chem. structures of eight compds. purified from two plants (Polygala tenuifolia Willdenow and Dioscorea batatas Decene) were
detd. and their anti-microbial activity against three microbial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and
Candida albicans) was tested. The three micro organisms were cultured in 96-well plates or Petri dishes without (control) or with the
eight compds. added at concns. of 100 to 0.01 M (wt/vol). The growth of the microorganisms in the medium was examd. after a
24-h incubation. The inhibitory effect of each compd. on the growth of the microorganisms was calcd. from the optical d.
measured at 595 nm, turbidity, and size of the inhibition zone around the treated paper disk. The min. inhiitory concn. (MIC) of
compds. 4 to 7 against S. aureus was 0.08, 0.05, 1.3 and 0.02 M, resp., and 0.09, 0.1, 0.2 and 100 M against C. albicans. The
IC50 (50% inhibition) values of compds. 5 and 6 were 3.1 and 6.4 M against S. aureus, resp., and 10 and 2.4 M against C.
albicans. Therefore, compds. 4 to 6 were the most potent anti-microbial agents among the eight compds. tested.
Answer 135:
Evaluation of the epinecidin-1 peptide as an active ingredient in cleaning solutions against pathogens. Pan, Chieh-Yu;
Rajanbabu, Venugopal; Chen, Jyh-Yih; Her, Guor Mour; Nan, Fan-Hua. Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and
Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Jiaushi, Ilan, Taiwan. Peptides (New York, NY, United States) (2010), 31(8),
1449-1458. Publisher: Elsevier, CODEN: PPTDD5 ISSN: 0196-9781. Journal written in English. CAN 153:550037 AN
Abstract
The authors tested the activity of epinecidin-1, a novel antimicrobial peptide structurally related to pleurocidin, in com. cleaning
solns. stored at 4 and 25 C for 7 and 14 days. The peptide's activities against Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella
oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Propionibacterium acnes, and Candida albicans were measured in a
MIC detn., MBC detn., disk diffusion test, and a count of the bacterial nos. Exposure to epinecidin-1 in a cleaning soln. following
MIC value comparisons in the disk diffusion test and counts of bacterial nos. after 16, 24, 48, and 72 h suggested that bacterial
nos. were much lower than those treated with only com. cleaning solns. for all bacteria. The efficacy of the antimicrobial activities
of inhibiting bacterial nos. by epinecidin-1 in cleaning solns. at a low pH and a low temp. was not affected. Given its simple
structure and antimicrobial activity, epinecidin-1 may be a useful component of microbicides designed to prevent pathogen
infections and/or remediate abnormal vaginal or skin flora.
Answer 136:
Diversity and Antimicrobial and Plant-Growth-Promoting Activities of Endophytic Fungi in Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfe.
Chen, Xiao Mei; Dong, Hai Ling; Hu, Ke Xing; Sun, Zhi Rong; Chen, Juan; Guo, Shun Xing. Biotechnology Research Center,
Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haidian
District, Beijing, Peop. Rep. China. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation (2010), 29(3), 328-337. Publisher: Springer, CODEN:
JPGRDI ISSN: 0721-7595. Journal written in English. AN 2010:902236 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are ubiquitously distributed in orchids and have a great impact on the host plant. The diversity of endophytic
fungi in the medicinal orchid Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfe was investigated and their bioactivities in microbe and plant growth were
explored here. Endophytic fungi were identified by using morphol. and mol. biol. methods. Antimicrobial activity was detd. by a
std. disk assay. Activity in promoting plant growth was confirmed by root inoculation of endophytic fungi in seedling tray and pot
expts. Overall, 48 isolates were isolated from D. loddigesii and identified to belong to 18 genera, with Fusarium and Acremonium
being the most dominant populations. A total of 17 isolates belonging to 9 genera were screened for their antimicrobial activity,
and Fusarium spp., 8 of the 17 isolates, was also the dominant population. In the seedling tray expt., two isolates, one of
Fusarium named DL26 and the other of Pyrenochaeta named DL351, were shown to enhance plant growth in alder bark-humus
medium, and the latter displayed weak activity against Bacillus subtilis (As 1.308) and Aspergillus fumigatus (As 3.2910). In the
pot expt., after inoculation of DL26 and DL351, five out of seven media were fit for plant-endophyte symbionts. Medium #1 of
red brick fragments and sphagna was optimal in accelerating plant growth. In conclusion, a great diversity of endophytic fungi in
D. loddigesii was first confirmed in a considerable proportion of antimicrobial isolates. Furthermore, two endophytes exhibited the
ability to enhance plant growth although their activities were influenced by the growth media.
Answer 137:
Seasonal variation in content, chemical composition and antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of essential oils from four
Mentha species. Hussain, Abdullah I.; Anwar, Farooq; Nigam, Poonam S.; Ashraf, Muhammad; Gilani, Anwarul H.
Department of Chemistry, GC University, Faisalabad, Pak. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture (2010), 90(11),
1827-1836. Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., CODEN: JSFAAE ISSN: 0022-5142. Journal written in English. AN
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to appraise variation in the chem. compn., and antimicrobial and cytotoxic
activities of essential oils from the leaves of four Mentha species - M. arvensis, M. piperita, M. longifolia and M. spicata - as
affected by harvesting season. Disc diffusion and broth microdilution susceptibility assays were used to evaluate the
antimicrobial activity of Mentha essential oils against a panel of microorganisms. The cytotoxicity of essential oils was tested on
breast cancer (MCF-7) and prostate cancer (LNCaP) cell lines using the MTT assay. RESULTS: The essential oil contents of M.
arvensis, M. piperita, M. longifolia and M. spicata were 17.0, 12.2, 10.8 and 12.0 g kg-1 from the summer and 9.20, 10.5, 7.00 and
9.50 g kg-1 from the winter crops, resp. Gas chromatog.-mass spectrometric anal. revealed that mostly quant. rather than qual.
variation was obsd. in the oil compn. of each species. The principal chem. constituents detd. in M. arvensis, M. piperita, M.
longifolia and M. spicata essential oils from both seasons were menthol, menthone, piperitenone oxide and carvone, resp. The
tested essential oils and their major components exhibited notable antimicrobial activity against most of the plant and human
pathogens tested. The tested essential oils also exhibited good cytotoxicity potential. CONCLUSION: Of the Mentha essential
oils tested, M. arvensis essential oil showed relatively better antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. A significant variation in the
content of most of the chem. components and biol. activities of seasonally collected samples was documented. Copyright 
2010 Society of Chem. Industry.
Answer 138:
Composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of some medicinal and spice plants. Cvijovic, M.; Djukic, D.;
Mandic, L.; Acamovic-Djokovic, G.; Pesakovic, M. Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Cacak, Serbia.
Chemistry of Natural Compounds (2010), 46(3), 481-483. Publisher: Springer, CODEN: CHNCA8 ISSN: 0009-3130. Journal
Answer 139:
Isolation of a new quinic acid derivative and its antibacterial modulating activity. Gohari, A. R.; Saeidnia, S.; Mollazadeh,
Moghaddam K.; Yassa, N.; Malmir, M.; Shahverdi, A. R. Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Daru, Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
(2010), 18(1), 69-73. Publisher: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CODEN: DJTSFE ISSN:
Abstract
The species Hymenocrater calycinus, belongs to the plant family Lamiaceae and grows wildly in the north-east of Iran.
Previously, the antimicrobial activity of the plant exts. was reported. In the present study, the bioactivity-guided fractionation of
the methanol ext. of H. calycinus and the combination effects of the isolated compd. with cell wall active agents against S. aureus
and E. coli was investigated. Column and thin layer chromatog. methods were used for isolation and purifn. and spectroscopic
data (MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR, HMQC, HMBC and 1H-1H COSY) were employed for identification of the compd. isolated from the
ext. A disk diffusion method was used to det. the antibacterial activity of the isolated compd. against S. aureus and E. coli in
comparison with 7 different antibiotics. The isolated compd. 1 was identified as 3-(3,4- dihydroxyphenyl) lactic acid 2-O-quinic
acid. Compd. 1 (500 g/disk) enhanced antibacterial effect of ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and cefepime against S.
aureus and activated the effects of ampicillin and vancomycin against E. coli. Results showed that the compd. 1 was not active
against both tested strains at any concn. below 1 mg/disk, and as a result the enhancing effect of the compd. could be due its
assocn. with antibiotics.
Answer 140:
Antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and toxicity test of Pilea microphylla. Chahardehi, Amir Modarresi; Ibrahim, Darah;
Sulaiman, Shaida Fariza. Industrial Biotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains
Malaysia, Minden, Malay. International Journal of Microbiology (2010), No pp. given. Publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corp.,
CODEN: IJMNIM ISSN: 1687-9198. http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijmb/2010/826830.pdf Journal; Online Computer File
Abstract
A total of 9 plant exts. were tested, using two different kinds of extg. methods to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial
activities from Pilea microphylla (Urticaceae family) and including toxicity test. Antioxidant activity were tested by using DPPH
free radical scavenging, also total phenolic contents and total flavonoid contents were detd. Toxicity assay carried out by using
brine shrimps. Methanol ext. of method I (ME I) showed the highest antioxidant activity at 69.51  1.03. Chloroform ext. of
method I (CE I) showed the highest total phenolic contents at 72.10  0.71 and chloroform ext. of method II (CE II) showed the
highest total flavonoid contents at 60.14  0.33. The antimicrobial activity of Pilea microphylla ext. was tested in vitro by using
disk diffusion method and min. inhibitory concn. (MIC). The Pilea microphylla ext. showed antibacterial activity against some
Gram neg. and pos. bacteria. The exts. did not exhibit antifungal and antiyeast activity. The hexane ext. of method I (HE I) was
not toxic against brine shrimp (LC50 value was 3880 g/mL). Therefore, the exts. could be suitable as antimicrobial and
antioxidative agents in food industry.
Answer 141:
Chemical characterization of essential oil of Rhynchosia beddomei. Bakshu, L. Md.; Venkata Raju, R. R. Department of
Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, India. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences (2009), 3(1), 32-33.
Publisher: Nobel Science and Research Center, Dep. of International Journals, CODEN: JABSCQ ISSN: 1307-1130. Journal
Abstract
Rhynchosia beddomei is an endemic medicinal plant from the Eastern Ghats of India. The plant was used in various human
ailments by the tribal people of the Eastern Ghats. The plant is reported to possess significant antimicrobial activity and is a
source of flavonoids. The present investigation was focused on the characterization of chem. constituents of essential oil from
the leaves. The hydro distn. of shade dried leaves resulted were essential oil. The av. content of essential oil was obtained as
1.32% and was analyzed using Gas Chromatog. coupled with flame ionization detector. A total of 13 compds. were identified
among the fourteen components, representing 99.379% of the oil, were characterized. The major components of essential oil
namely phytol (47.77%), propionic acid (28.8%), pentanoic acid (6.86%) etc.
Answer 142:
Utilization of stearic acid in heterocylic synthesis. Part 8. Synthesis of some new thiadiazoles and triazoles of industrial
applications. Amine, M. S.; Ahmed, M. H. M.; Hebash, K. A.; El-Shiekh, A. A. Chem. Dep., Fac. of Science, Benha Univ.,
Benha, Egypt. Olaj, Szappan, Kozmetika (2010), 59(1), 30-34. Publisher: METE Kiado, CODEN: OSZKAT ISSN: 0472-8602.
Journal written in English. AN 2010:808608 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
A method for the prepn. of triazole derivs. was designed and the synthesis of the target compds. was achieved using an
inexpensive fatty acid (stearic acid, octadecanoic acid) as a starting material. The products thus obtained included
(heptadecyl)triazolo[4,3-a]quinazolinone, (heptadecyl)imidazo[2,1-b]thiadiazolone, (heptadecyl)imidazo[2,1-b]thiadiazole. Further
treatment of the above-mentioned products with ethylene oxide delivered the resp. ethoxylated compds. These ethoxylated
products are considered to be a new class of non-ionic surfactants and their surface-active properties and biodegradability were
evaluated. The target compds. was also evaluated for their antibacterial activity and antifungal activity [Escherichia coli,
Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Botrytis fabae (plant pathogen)] in comparison with Vibramycin and Terbinafine and it
was discovered that these compds. displayed antimicrobial activity.
Answer 143:
Probiotics and phytogenics for poultry: myth or reality? Applegate, T. J.; Klose, V.; Steiner, T.; Ganner, A.; Schatzmayr,
G. Department of Animal Sciences Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. Journal of Applied Poultry Research
(2010), 19(2), 194-210. Publisher: Poultry Science Association, Inc., CODEN: JAPRFS ISSN: 1056-6171. Journal; General
Review written in English. CAN 153:430201 AN 2010:796819 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
A review. Removal and restriction of subtherapeutic antibiotics from poultry diets in many parts of the world has amplified interest
in improving intestinal health and nutrient utilization. Some probiotic (direct-fed microbials) and plant-derived (phytogenic) feed
additives are gaining market presence. Defined probiotic cultures have the potential to succeed, in large part because of in vitro
screening and selection. However, regulatory approval delays, particularly in Europe, have stymied the com. application of some
microorganisms in poultry diets. Phytogenic feed additives have demonstrated ranges of antimicrobial activities in vitro and are
building a track record of improvements in bird performance. Hesitation by nutritionists to incorporate these feed additives are due
in part to 1) unfamiliarity, 2) the overselling of plausible effects by industry, 3) product inconsistency, 4) a lack of documented
physiol. and microbiol. effects in vivo, and, in the case of probiotics, 5) a lack of documentation of persistence.
Answer 144:
Isolation, screening and identification of antagonistic actinomycetes inhibiting plant pathogens. Wu, Yanhui; Zhao,
Chuntian; Qiu, Juanping. College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou,
Peop. Rep. China. Nongyao (2010), 49(2), 146-149. Publisher: Nongyao Bianjibu, CODEN: NONGFP ISSN: 1006-0413.
Abstract
A total of 99 actinomycetes were isolated from 11 kinds of soil samples collected from Hangzhou areas. Nine actinomycetes were
screened, which had antagonism to Candida famata producing riboflavin. The strain W04 which had better inhibitory effects to
many pathogenic pathogens tested was re-screened by panel confrontation method. The inhibition rate against Fusarium
oxysporum f. sp. niveum reached 79.1%, and the mycelia growth inhibitory rate of its fermn. filtrate was 82.6% using growth rate
method. The strain W04 was identified as Streptomyces lavendulae Waksman & Curtis according to morphol., physiol. biochem.
and 16S rDNA sequence anal.
Answer 145:
Method and material for site activated complexing of biologic molecules. Huang, Alexander L.; Wu, Gin. (Metaactiv, Inc.,
USA). U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. (2010), 21pp., Cont.-in-part of U.S. Ser. No.317,638. CODEN: USXXCO US 20100158885 A1
20100624 Patent written in English. Application: US 2010-715270 20100301. Priority: US 2008-317638 20081223; US
2009-209260P 20090304. CAN 153:126285 AN 2010:786472 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))

US 20100158885 A1 20100624 US 2010-715270 20100301
WO 2010101844 A1 20100910 WO 2010-US25805 20100301
RW: AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, MC,
MR, NE, SN, TD, TG, BW, GH, GM, KE, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, ZW, AM, AZ, BY, KG,
KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM
US 2008-317638 A2 20081223
US 2009-209260P P 20090304
Abstract
Methods of and compns. for producing and using plant-based materials are provided. The methods include using biopolymers or
their synthetic equiv. combined with a stable source of reactive oxygen species that when applied to or combined with a sep.
source of oxido-reducing enzyme or catalyst will cause the formation of an activated biopolymer with increased protein binding
affinity and microbial control activities. A soln. contg. Escherichia coli was treated with a soln. contg. polyphenol and dil. hydrogen
peroxide. The bacteria were killed effectively.
Answer 146:
Antimicrobial activity of essential oils: the possibilities of TLC-bioautography. Horvath, Gyorgyi; Jambor, Noemi; Vegh,
Anna; Boszormenyi, Andrea; Lemberkovics, Eva; Hethelyi, Eva; Kovacs, Krisztina; Kocsis, Bela. Institute of Pharmacognosy,
Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hung. Flavour and Fragrance Journal (2010), 25(3), 178-182. Publisher: John
Wiley & Sons Ltd., CODEN: FFJOED ISSN: 0882-5734. Journal written in English. AN 2010:769014 CAPLUS (Copyright
Abstract
Essential oils are well-known for their antimicrobial activity against different plant and human pathogenic microorganisms. The
results of the most commonly used antimicrobial assays are very different; sometimes their reliability is questionable, therefore
standardized methods need to be used to solve this problem. The present study aims at the phytochem. characterization of some
essential oils (thyme, lavender, eucalyptus, spearmint and cinnamon) that are important from the therapeutic and economic
aspects and the optimized microbiol. investigation of the effect of essential oils on human and plant pathogenic microorganisms.
The chem. compn. of the essential oils was analyzed with thin-layer chromatog. (TLC) and their compn. was controlled by gas
chromatog. (GC). The antibacterial effect was investigated using the TLC-bioautog. method. The solvents applied in TLC
developing systems were also tested. Our results showed that toluene, Et acetate, ethanol and chloroform as solvents used in the
assay had no inhibiting effect on the test bacteria. The antibacterial activity of thyme, lavender and cinnamon oils and their main
components (thymol, carvacrol, linalool, eugenol) was obsd. in the case of two plant pathogenic bacteria (Xanthomonas campestris
pv. vesicatoria and Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola) and some human pathogens (Staphylococcus epidermidis, S.
saprophyticus and two strains of S. aureus, including one methicillin-resistant strain). On the whole, the antibacterial activity of
essential oils can be related to their most abundant components, but the effect of the minor components should also be taken into
consideration. Direct bioautog. is more cost-effective and compares better with traditional microbiol. lab. methods (e.g.
disk-diffusion, agar-plate technique).
Answer 147:
Biological activity of Prangos uloptera DC. roots, a medicinal plant from Iran. Razavi, Seyed Mehdi; Zarrini, Gholamreza;
Zahri, Saber; Mohammadi, Sariyeh. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh-Ardabili, Ardabil,
Iran. Natural Product Research (2010), 24(9), 797-803. Publisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd., CODEN: NPRAAT ISSN: 1478-6419.
Abstract
Prangos uloptera DC. (Apiaceae) is indigenous to Iran. It has been used from ancient times for treatment of leukoplakia, digestive
disorders and healing scars. In this article, we focus on the various biol. screening techniques currently being used to evaluate the
biol. effects of the plant root exts. Our results show that dichloromethane (DCM) ext. exhibited high-cytotoxic effects on hela cell
line, and high antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. All of the plant root exts., n-hexane,
DCM and methanol exts., exhibited modest antioxidant and high-phytotoxic properties. It is assumed that the high biol. potential of
P. uloptera is related to the presence of coumarins in the plant roots.
Answer 148:
Synthesis, characterization, chelating properties and antimicrobial activity of pyrimidine -phthalic anhydride combined
molecule. Patel, Rakesh R.; Patel, V. G. Municipal Arts and V.B. Science College, Gujarat, India. Rasayan Journal of
Chemistry (2010), 3(1), 188-193. Publisher: Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, CODEN: RJCABP ISSN: 0974-1496. Journal
Abstract
A reaction of phthalic anhydride with 4,6-diphenyl-2-pyrimidinamine provided 2-[[(4,6-diphenyl-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]benzoic

acid and the synthesis of the target compds. was achieved by a further reaction with metal precursors (copper, nickel, zinc,
manganese, cobalt, iron) and the products thus obtained were confirmed by magnetic moment detn. and molar cond.
measurements. The title compds. were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against plant pathogenic fungi Nigrospora sp.,
Aspergillus niger, Penicillium expansum, Trichoderma lignorum (Trichoderma harzianum), Trichothecium sp., Botryodiplodia
theobromae (Botryosphaeria rhodina), Rhizopus nigricans (Rhizopus stolonifer).
Answer 149:
Native vs extracted essential oil: from chemical composition to biological activities. El Kalamouni, Chaker;
Dobravalskyte, Diana; Raynaud, Christine; Venskutonis, Rimantas; Talou, Thierry. INPT, Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle
UMR 1010 INRA-INP, ENSIACET, Universite de Toulouse, Toulouse, Fr. Special Publication - Royal Society of Chemistry
(2010), 326(Recent Advances in Food and Flavor Chemistry), 369-378. Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry, CODEN:
SROCDO ISSN: 0260-6291. Journal written in English. AN 2010:743458 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder
(R))
Abstract
This study focused on preliminary screening of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Midi-Pyrenees arom. plants grown in
France, namely Tanacetum balsamita, Calamintha grandiflora, Myrrhis odorata and Monarda didyma. Addnl., the comparison of
the chromatog. profiles of essential oil of leaves of Calamintha grandiflora with the ones obtained with leaves processed by
Artificial Crushing Finger (ACF)-Dynamic Headspace (DHS) was performed. Generally, the ACF device combined with DHS
sampling demonstrated real potential for the rapid evaluation of essential oils from arom. plant leaves. In fact, it gave a
fingerprint of fresh plant volatiles with top and heart notes qual. and quant. similar to those of the essential oil. Preliminary
screening of Tanacetum balsamita, Calamintha grandiflora, Myrrhis odorata and Monarda didyma essential oils showed their volatile
fractions possess antioxidant activity in vegetable oil and antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic bacteria.
Answer 150:
Isolation of flavors from aromatic seeds with liquid carbon dioxide. Venskutonis, P. R. Department of Food
Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania. Special Publication - Royal Society of Chemistry (2010),
326(Recent Advances in Food and Flavor Chemistry), 63-68. Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry, CODEN: SROCDO ISSN:
Abstract
The results of the extn. of arom. seeds and fruits of various botanical species with liq. CO2 are presented with an aim towards the
preliminary evaluation of plant materials in terms of the ext. yield, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and the content of
essential oil, which are important characteristics in the assessment of technol. and economical feasibility of com. applications.
Essential oils were isolated from the dried plant material. Exts. and residues remaining after CO2 extn. by hydrodistn. in a
Clevenger type app., were analyzed by gas chromatog. and mass spectrometry. The antioxidant power of the selected exts. was
assessed by their radical scavenging capacity in the DPPH free radical and ABTS radical cation reaction systems. Antimicrobial
properties were tested using various assocd. food bacteria and yeasts. Results obtained in this study, although preliminary, show
that the technique reported yields valuable solvent-free substances, providing economically and technol. feasible exts. of plant
materials. Re-extn. of the residue which is obtained after removal of lipophylic components with liq. CO2 using polar org. solvents
should be considered one of the possible ways to increase the effectiveness of the extn. process. Such residues would be almost
free of the mols. possessing strong odor and are likely to contain valuable compds., which are insol. in liq. CO2.
Answer 151:
Medicinal properties of garlic: importance of its antioxidant activity. Maldonado, Perla D.; Limon, Daniel; Galwin-Arzate,
Sonia; Santamaria, Abel; Pedraza-Chaverri, Jose. Laboratorio de Patologia Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y
Neurocirugia Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico, Mex. Editor(s): Pacurar, Mihail; Krejci, Gavril. Garlic Consumption and Health
(2010), 61-116. Publisher: Nova Science Publishers, Inc., Hauppauge, N. Y CODEN: 69MVKY Conference; General Review
Abstract
A review. Garlic (Allium sativum) is among the oldest of all cultivated plants. It has been used as a medicinal agent for thousands
years. This remarkable plant has multiple beneficial effects such as antimicrobial, antithrombotic, hypolipidemic, antiarthritic,
hypoglycemic, antitumor and antioxidant activities. A large no. of studies have demonstrated the antioxidant activity of garlic by
using different prepns., including fresh garlic ext., aged garlic ext., garlic oil, and a no. of organosulfur compds. including alliin,
allicin, and S-allylcysteine. These studies have been carried out both under in vivo - in diverse exptl. animal models assocd. to
oxidative stress - and in vitro conditions - using several methods to evaluate capacity of exts. or compds. to scavenge reactive
oxygen species or to induce oxidative damage -. Derived from these expts., the protective effects of garlic have been assocd.
with a prevention or amelioration of oxidative stress. In addn., it has been shown that several garlic prepns. and/or organosulfur
compds. derived from garlic are able to directly scavenge reactive oxygen species, including hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion,
hydroxyl radical, and peroxynitrite. Moreover, it has been shown that garlic is able to inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase, which
in turn may contribute to decrease nitrosative damage. In addn., as supporting evidence of the protective properties of garlic
compds., in this review we are including some original data of the ameliorative action of S-allylcysteine on the aberrant circling
behavior exerted by 6-hydroxydopamine in rats. In summary, the antioxidant activity of garlic has been clearly characterized in in
vivo and in vitro studies, thus emphasizing its potential use as a therapeutic agent against different disorders.
Answer 152:
Anti ulcer effect of Avicennia officinalis leaves in Albino rats. Thirunavukkarasu, P.; Ramanathan, T.; Ramkumar, L.;
Shanmugapriya, R. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Annamalai University,
Parangipettai, India. World Applied Sciences Journal (2010), 9(1), 55-58. Publisher: International Digital Organization for
Scientific Information, CODEN: WASJBM ISSN: 1991-6426. http://www.idosi.org/wasj/wasj9(1)/8.pdf Journal; Online Computer
File written in English. AN 2010:724947 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
The plant ext. of Avicennia officinalis herbal prepn. are traditionally used in the treatment of various diseases, as anti tumor, anti
microbial, wound healing agents and anti oxidant activity. In the present study the gastro protective effect of A. officinalis leaves
in a model of NSAID-induced ulcer in rat was analyzed. The lyophilized ext. was given by oral gavages (125 and 62.5 mg/kg) three
times at 12 h intervals before administering Diclofenac sodium at l00 mg/kg. Pretreatment with the ext. significantly decreased
the ulcerated area. The vol. and acidity of the gastric juice decreased in the pretreated rats. The plant ext. elevated the gastric
juice in untreated rats, showing near normal levels in the pretreated rats. In conclusion, A. officinalis was able to decrease the
acidity and increase the mucosal defense in the gastric areas, there by justifying its use as an antiulcerogenic agent.
Answer 153:
Green tea catechins: a class of molecules with antimicrobial activity. Buzzini, P.; Vignolini, P.; Goretti, M.; Turchetti, B.;
Branda, E.; Marchegiani, E.; Pinelli, P.; Romani, A. Department of Applied Biology - Microbiology, University of Perugia, Italy.
Editor(s): McKinley, Helen; Jamieson, Mark. Handbook of Green Tea and Health Research (2009), 23-43. Publisher: Nova
Science Publishers, Inc., Hauppauge, N. Y CODEN: 69MUQ3 Conference; General Review written in English. CAN
Abstract
A review. A significant part of scientific interest of academy or industry is focused on discovering novel natural antimicrobial
drugs. This attention is essentially justified by the expectation that a few of them could play a role in supporting (or even in
substituting) some antibiotics of current use. It has been estd. that, although about some tens of novel antimicrobial drugs (either
of biol. or synthetic origin) are currently launched each year, due to the increasing development of resistant microbial genotypes,
their downturn is becoming very rapid. Taking into account these considerations, the enormous scientific and com. interest in
discovering and developing novel classes of mols. exhibiting more or less pronounced antimicrobial properties has oriented the
work of a growing part of the scientific community toward large-scale screening programs aimed at discovering novel classes of
bioactive mols. The occurrence in some plants of secondary metabolites exhibiting a more or less pronounced antimicrobial
activity is a well-known phenomenon. Among them, green tea polyphenols represent a reservoir of mols. characterized by
antioxidant, antiradical and antimicrobial activity. In particular, catechins have proven to be effective towards both prokaryotic
and eukaryotic microorganisms. Despite the large no. of studies published so far, their actual potentialities and limitations as
antimicrobial (mainly antibacterial and antimycotic) drugs have not been critically evaluated. The present chapter represents an
overview of the recent literature on the antiviral and antimicrobial properties exhibited by polyphenols, particularly catechins,
occurring in green tea compn.
Answer 154:
Histochemical, phytochemical and biological screening of Plinia cauliflora (DC.) Kausel, Myrtaceae, leaves.
Souza-Moreira, Tatiana M.; Moreira, Raquel R. D.; Sacramento, Luis V. S.; Pietro, Rosemeire C. L. R. Departamento de
Farmacos e Medicamentos, Pos-graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Universidade
Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", Araraquara-SP, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia (2010), 20(1), 48-53.
Publisher: Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia, CODEN: RBFAEL ISSN: 0102-695X. Journal written in English. CAN
Abstract
In this work, chem. and biol. activities of crude exts. obtained with 50% ethanol, 70% ethanol, acetone:water (7:3; vol./vol.) and
chloroform of Plinia cauliflora (DC.) Kausel, Myrtaceae, leaves, a native tree from several regions of Brazil, was investigated.
Histochem. and phytochem. screenings were done according to characterization reactions and thin layer chromatog. To assist in
exts. standardization, total phenol and flavonoids content spectrophotometric was performed. Antioxidant activity was analyzed by
percentage of radical scavenging using DPPH soln. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Gram-pos., Gram-neg.
pathogenic bacteria and species of Candida using agar diffusion and minimal inhibitory concn. (MIC) detn. methods according to
std. methods. The leaves presented lipids at secretory cavity and phenols, mainly tannins, in nervures and palisade parenchyma.
Polar exts. showed flavonoids, tannins and high content of phenols and flavonoids. The exts. showed great antioxidant activity
and antimicrobial activity was better against Candida species than against bacteria.
Answer 155:
Diversity of fecal coliforms and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in wastewater treatment model plant.
Luczkiewicz, A.; Fudala-Ksiazek, S.; Jankowska, K.; Quant, B.; Olanczuk-Neyman, K. Department of Water and Wastewater
Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Pol. Water Science
and Technology (2010), 61(6), 1383-1392. Publisher: IWA Publishing, CODEN: WSTED4 ISSN: 0273-1223. Journal written in
Abstract
The occurrence of resistance patterns among wastewater fecal coliforms was detd. in the study. Susceptibility of the isolates was
tested against 19 antimicrobial agents: aminoglycosides, aztreonam, carbapenems, cephalosporines, -lactam/-lactamase
inhibitors, penicillines, tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and fluoroquinolones. Addnl. the removal of resistant isolates
was evaluated in the lab.-scale wastewater treatment model plant (M-WWTP), continuously supplied with the wastewater obtained
from the full-scale WWTP. No. of fecal coliforms in raw (after mech. treatment) and treated wastewater, as well as in aerobic
chamber effluent was detd. using selective medium. The selected strains were identified and examd. for antibiotic resistance
using Phoenix Automated Microbiol. System (BD Biosciences, USA). The strains were identified as Escherichia coli (n = 222),
Klebsiella pneumoniae ssp. ozaenae (n = 9), and Pantoea agglomerans (n = 1). The isolate of P. agglomerans as well as 48% of E.
coli isolates were sensitive to all antimicrobials tested. The most frequent resistance patterns were found for ampicillin: 100% of
K. pneumoniae ssp. ozaenae and 41% of E. coli isolates. Among E. coli isolates 12% was regarded as multiple antimicrobial
resistant (MAR). In the studied M-WWTP, the applied activated sludge processes reduced considerably the no. of fecal coliforms,
but increased the ratio of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli isolates to sensitive ones, esp. among strains with MAR patterns.
Answer 156:
Antimicrobial properties of chilli lipoxygenase products. Sucharitha, A.; Devi, P. Uma Maheswari. Department of
Applied Microbiology, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam (Women's University), Tirupati, India. African Journal of
Microbiology Research (2010), 4(9), 748-752. Publisher: Academic Journals, CODEN: AJMRC8 ISSN: 1996-0808.
http://www.academicjournals.org/AJMR/PDF/Pdf2010/4May/Sucharita%20and%20Uma.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written
Abstract
Plant oxylipins, the metabolic products of polyunsatd. fatty acids have been variously implicated in control of microbial
pathogens. To get a better insight into the biol. activities of oxylipins, in vitro growth inhibition assays were used to investigate the
direct antimicrobial activities of 9 and 13-lipoxygenase (LOX) products against a set of plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi. LOX
hydroperoxides derived from seeds of Capsicum annum showed differential antimicrobial activity. It was found that the LOX
hydroperoxides, i.e., 9-hydroperoxy octadecadienoic acid (9-HPODE) and 9-hydroperoxy octadecatrienoic acid (9-HPOTrE) showed
antimicrobial activity against various fungal and bacterial pathogens. LOX hydroperoxides, i.e., 9-hydroperoxy octadecatrienoic
acid (9-HPOTrE) showed max. antimicrobial activity than 9-hydroperoxy octadecadienoic acid (9-HPODE). The antimicrobial
activity of oxylipins suggests their role in plant defense mechanism.
Answer 157:
Optimization of the fermentation process of actinomycete strain Hhs.015T. Wang, Xinxuan; Huang, Lili; Kang, Zhensheng;
Buchenauer, Heinrich; Gao, Xiaoning. College of Plant Protection and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for
Agriculture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Peop. Rep. China. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (2010), No
pp. given. Publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corp., CODEN: JBBOAJ ISSN: 1110-7251.
http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jbb/2010/141876.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in English. CAN 153:60448
Abstract
Strain Hhs.015T (Saccharothrix yanglingensis sp. nov.), an antagonistic endophytic Saccharothrix actinomycete isolated from
roots of cucumber plants, exhibited a broad antimicrobial spectrum in vitro and was active as a biocontrol against plant diseases in
field trials. The SSY medium was used for prodn. of antimicrobial metabolites by strain Hhs.015T. However, this medium is too
expensive for large-scale prodn. In this study, an alternative culture medium, based on agricultural waste products (e.g., apple
pomace), was optimized. The results showed that the alternative medium contained 15 g apple pomace, 4 g rapeseed meal, 0.1 g
KH2PO4, and 0.6 g MgSO47H2O in 1L distd. water. This medium reduced the material costs by 91.5% compared to SSY medium.
Response surface methodol. (RSM) was used to investigate the influence of environmental variables on prodn. of compds. of
antimicrobial metabolites. The optimal conditions achieved were initial pH 7.0, medium vol. of 90 mL in 250 mL flasks, rotary
speed of 100 rpm, temp. 25, and inoculation vol. of 15.8%. The antimicrobial activity was increased by 20% by optimizing the
environmental parameters. The results obtained allow an efficient prodn. of components with antimicrobial activity by strain
Hhs.015T on a large scale at low costs.
Answer 158:
Effects of Feeding Elevated Concentrations of Copper and Zinc on the Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Fecal Bacteria in
Feedlot Cattle. Jacob, Megan E.; Fox, J. Trent; Nagaraja, T. G.; Drouillard, James S.; Amachawadi, Raghavendra G.;
Narayanan, Sanjeev K. Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease (2010), 7(6), 643-648. Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., CODEN: FPDOAF ISSN:
(R))
Abstract
Cattle are fed elevated concns. of copper and zinc for growth promotion. The potential mechanisms of growth promotional effects
of these elements are attributed to their antimicrobial activities, similar to that of antibiotics, in that gut microbial flora are altered to
reduce fermn. loss of nutrients and to suppress gut pathogens. Copper and zinc fed at elevated concns. may select for bacteria
that are resistant not only to heavy metals but also to antibiotics. Our objectives were to det. the effects of feeding elevated
copper and zinc on the antimicrobial susceptibilities of fecal bacteria in feedlot cattle. Twenty heifers, fed corn-based high-grain
diets, were randomly assigned to treatments in a 2  2 factorial arrangement with 1X or 10X National Research Council
recommended copper and/or zinc. Feces, collected on days 0, 14, and 32, were cultured for commensal bacteria (Escherichia coli
and Enterococcus) to det. their susceptibilities to copper, zinc, and antibiotics. Fecal DNA was extd. to detect tcrB gene and
quantify erm(B) and tet(M) genes. In E. coli and Enterococcus sp., minimal differences in min. inhibitory concns. (MICs) of
copper, zinc, and antibiotics were noticed. The mean copper MIC for E. coli increased (p < 0.05) between days 0 and 32 and days
14 and 32. The only treatment effect detected was increased zinc MIC of E. coli isolates (p < 0.01). The tcrB gene was not
detected in feces or in enterococcal isolates. Proportions of erm(B) and tet(M) were unaffected by copper or zinc supplementation.
However, the proportion of tet(M) increased (p < 0.05) between days 0 and 14. Feeding elevated copper and/or zinc to feedlot
cattle had marginal effects on antimicrobial susceptibilities of fecal E. coli and enterococci.
Answer 159:
Substantivity of a single chlorhexidine mouthwash on salivary flora: influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
Tomas, I.; Cousido, M. C.; Garcia-Caballero, L.; Rubido, S.; Limeres, J.; Diz, P. School of Medicine and Dentistry, Santiago de
Compostela University, Spain. Journal of Dentistry (Oxford, United Kingdom) (2010), 38(7), 541-546. Publisher: Elsevier
Ltd., CODEN: JDENAB ISSN: 0300-5712. Journal written in English. AN 2010:670398 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS
on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
Objectives: To analyze the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the in vivo antimicrobial activity of a chlorhexidine (CHX)
digluconate mouthwash on the salivary flora up to 7 h after its application, using epifluorescence microscopy. Methods: Ten
volunteers performed the following mouthwashes: 0.12% CHX (10 mL/30 s, 15 mL/30 s and 10 mL/1 min); 0.2% CHX (10 mL/30 s,
15 mL/30 s and 10 mL/1 min); 0.2% CHX (10 mL/30 s) plus different daily activities (eating, drinking, chewing or smoking).
Results: On comparing 0.12% CHX (10 mL vs. 15 mL), the greatest differences in bacterial viability were detected at 1 h and 3 h.
On comparing 0.12% CHX (30 s vs. 1 min) the greatest differences in viability were detected at 1 h, 3 h, and 5 h; and with 0.2%
CHX (30 s vs. 1 min), at 5 h and 7 h. On comparing 0.12% CHX (15 mL) vs. 0.2% CHX (10 mL) and 0.12% CHX (1 min) vs. 0.2%
CHX (30 s), the percentage of viable bacteria was higher with the 0.12% concn. On comparing 0.2% CHX vs. 0.2% CHX plus daily
activities, the higher differences were detected after eating and chewing, followed by drinking. Conclusion: An increase in the vol.
of 0.12% or 0.2% CHX mouthwashes does not affect the duration of antimicrobial activity in saliva, whereas increasing the
duration produces a marked increase in substantivity. Substantivity was greater with 0.2% CHX than 0.12% CHX. Eating, chewing
or drinking significantly reduces the 0.2% CHX substantivity in saliva.
Answer 160:
Antimicrobial activity of five flower extracts against three pathogenic bacteria. Vasu, Kandukuri; Charya, M. A. Singara.
Department of Microbiology, Kakatiya University, Warangal, India. Nature, Environment and Pollution Technology (2010),
9(1), 73-76. Publisher: Technoscience Publications, CODEN: NEPTBY ISSN: 0972-6268. Journal written in English. CAN
Abstract
Five flowering plants dominant in Warangal dist. in Andhra Pradesh region were selected for their antimicrobial activity against
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. Among these plants the flowers of Butea monosperma
were effective. The solvents methanol and ethanol were effective in extn. of antimicrobial compds. from the plant materials. The
aq. exts. of the plants were not so effective while petroleum ether is failed to ext. any antimicrobial compds. from the plants.
Answer 161:
Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Podocarpus sensu latissimo (s.l.). Abdillahi, H. S.; Stafford, G. I.;
Finnie, J. F.; van Staden, J. Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation
Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, S. Afr. South African Journal of Botany (2010), 76(1),
1-24. Publisher: Elsevier B.V., CODEN: SAJBDD ISSN: 0254-6299. Journal; General Review written in English. CAN
Abstract
A review. The genus Podocarpus sensu latissimo (s.l.) was initially subdivided into eight sections. However, based on new
information from different morphol. and anatomical studies, these sections were recognized as new genera. This change in
nomenclature sometimes is problematic when consulting ethnobotanical data esp. when selecting plants for pharmacol. screening,
thus there is a need to clear any ambiguity with the nomenclature. Species of Podocarpus s.l. are important timber trees in their
native areas. They have been used by many communities in traditional medicine and as a source of income. Podocarpus s.l. is
used in the treatment of fevers, asthma, coughs, cholera, distemper, chest complaints and venereal diseases. Other uses include
timber, food, wax, tannin and as ornamental trees. Although extensive research has been carried out on species of Podocarpus s.l
over the last decade, relatively little is known about the African species compared to those of New Zealand, Australia, China and
Japan. Phytochem. studies have led to the isolation and elucidation of various terpenoids and nor- and bis-norditerpenoid
dilactones. Biflavonoids of the amentoflavone and hinokiflavone types have also been isolated. Nor- and bis-norditerpenes are
said to be taxonomic markers for this genus. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have shown antitumor, antimicrobial,
anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, larvicidal, plant and insect growth regulation activities. Various studies have yielded important
natural bioactive products and two of them are worth mentioning. Taxol, a significant anticancer agent has been isolated from
Podocarpus gracilior and totarol, a diterpenoid isolated from various species and now com. produced as a potent antibacterial and
antioxidant agent. Findings from this review supports the use of an ethnobotanical and chemotaxonomical approach in selecting
plants for pharmacol. screening since most of the species in the different morphol. groups have similar uses. Also the isolated
compds.
have chemotaxonomic value amongst the groups. Some of the biol. activities identified from exts. and compds.
isolated from Podocarpus s.l. support the rationale behind the medicinal uses of these species.
Answer 162:
Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of polyphenols from ethnomedicinal plants of Nigeria. Okoro, Israel O.; Osagie,
Auguster; Asibor, Edith O. Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria. African Journal of
Biotechnology (2010), 9(20), 2989-2993. Publisher: Academic Journals, CODEN: AJBFAH ISSN: 1684-5315.
http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB/PDF/pdf2010/17May/Okoro%20et%20al.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in English.
Abstract
The antioxidant properties and antimicrobial potential of three ethnomedicinal plants, (Momordica charanta, Senna alata and Nauclea
lafifolia) extd. with acetone were investigated. Polyphenols from the medicinal plants were screened for their antioxidant and
antimicrobial activities against pathogenic micro organisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Esherichia coli and
Candida albicans). The medicinal plants displayed different polyphenols contents and antioxidant activities. In addn., varying
antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were exhibited. The highest amt. of total phenolic compds. was shown by S. alata and the
lowest one was M. charanta. The ext. of S. alata showed the highest antioxidant activity. Some micro organisms (S. aureus and
C. albicans) were susceptible to the polyphenol exts. with min. inhibitory concn. values between 1.25 to 5.00 mg/mL while other
microorganisms (S. pyogenes and E. coli) appeared to be resistant to the exts. The results suggested that these plants are not
only potential sources of phenolic antioxidants but also potentially, good source of antimicrobial agents.
Answer 163:
Antimicrobial composition with low cytotoxicity. Ahlnaes, Thomas. (Oy Granula Ab Ltd., Finland). U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ.
(2010), 27pp. CODEN: USXXCO US 20100129302 A1 20100527 Patent written in English. Application: US 2009-626072
20091125. Priority: US 2008-117684P 20081125. CAN 153:20340 AN 2010:656404 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on
SciFinder (R))

US 20100129302 A1 20100527 US 2009-626072 20091125
US 2008-117684P P 20081125
Abstract
A compn. includes at least one antimicrobial agent; a possible solvent system with either hydrophobic or hydrophilic nature,
selected according to the target of usage; as well as possible surface active agent. The compd. mixt. is obtained by pulverizing
wood or plant material and/or by extg. the possibly pulverized wood or plant material, so that the compd. mixt. contains at least two
different polyphenolic compds. selected from the following group: lignans, stilbenes, juvabiones and flavonoids; the compd. mixt.
further contg. oligomers of the polyphenolic compds., so that the compd. mixt. preferably has the following properties: the compd.
mixt. has an antimicrobial effect in the compn.; the cytotoxicity of the polyphenols contained in the compd. mixt. is at least 10
times lower with respect to BHT; the compd. mixt. does not irritate the skin in a so-called single patch test with contents of 0.1 wt.
%. The compns. may be used in cosmetics, in food and feed compns., in tech. compns., or in packaging materials. Both the raw
exts. obtained from spruce material according to the invention by alc. extn., and the raw exts. obtained from pine material by alc.
extn., as well as the raw exts. obtained from a combined spruce and pine material by alc. extn. prevented the growth of
antimicrobial agents on a wide scale. A concd. powder compn. contained (in wt. %): talcum 72.00, magnesium stearate 10.00,
calcium carbonate 2.00, Sicovit White E 171/C.I. 77891/titanium oxide 9.00, Sicovit Brown 70 E 172/ferric oxides 1.00, powd. knot
ext. mixt. 5.00, paraffin oil/mineral oil 0.50, and vaseline/petrolatum 0.50.
Answer 164:
Antimicrobial composition containing plant or its extract having antimicrobial activity on pathogenic microoganisms.
Kim, Su Gi; Lee, Jun Hyeong; Cho, Sang Beom; Choi, Chang Won; Baek, Hyeon Dong. (Konkuk University, Industry-Academy
Cooperation Foundation, S. Korea). Repub. Korean Kongkae Taeho Kongbo (2010), 14pp. CODEN: KRXXA7 KR 2010052904
A 20100520 Patent written in Korean. Application: KR 2008-111792 20081111. Priority: KR 2008-111792 20081111. CAN

KR 2010052904 A 20100520 KR 2008-111792 20081111
KR 2008-111792 20081111
Abstract
The title antimicrobial compn. contains the ext. of one or more of Citrus aurantifolia swingle (Lime), Citrus aurantifolia swingle leaf
(Lime leaf), Morinda citrifolia L. leaf (Beach mulberry leaf), Curcuma domestica valeton (Turmeric), Sesbania grandiflora L., Piper
sarmentosum Roxb, and Cassia siamea britt (Siamea Cassia). The antimicrobial compn. has an antimicrobial activity on the
pathogenic microoganisms, and can be used in feed.
Answer 165:
Aromatic plants from patagonia: chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Senecio mustersii
and S.subpanduratus. Arancibia, Luz; Naspi, Cecilia; Pucci, Graciela; Arce, Maria. Catedra de Quimica Organica, Facultad
de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia S J B, Chubut, Argent. Boletin Latinoamericano y del Caribe de
Plantas Medicinales y Aromaticas (2010), 9(2), 123-126. Publisher: Sociedad Latinoamericana de Fitoquimica, CODEN:
BLCPBA ISSN: 0717-7917. http://blacpma.web.officelive.com/Documents/BLACPMA09020123.pdf Journal; Online Computer File
Abstract
The objective of this investigation was the detn. of the antimicrobial activity of two plants from Patagonia Argentina; Senecio
mustersii and Senecio subpanduratus (Asteraceae). Until the present day, no previous studies have been reported on the compn.
of the essential oil for these two species of Senecio. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistn. with a yield of 0.81% for
Senecio subpanduratus and 0.71% for Senecio mustersii, expressed as ml of essential oil per 100 g of fresh vegetable matter.
The activity against bacteria and yeast was tested; Senecio mustersii showed activity against S.aureus and Senecio
subpanduratus against all tested bacteria (S.aureus, E.coli and P. aeruginosa). Senecio mustersii didn't showed antifungal activity;
meanwhile Senecio subpanduratus was active against some species of Candida.
Answer 166:
Antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Aloysia triphylla (L'Her.) Britton from different regions of Argentina. Oliva,
Maria de las M.; Beltramino, Emilia; Gallucci, Nicolas; Casero, Carina; Zygadlo, Julio; Demo, Mirta. Universidad Nacional de Rio
Cuarto, Cordoba, Argent. Boletin Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromaticas (2010), 9(1), 29-37.
Publisher: Sociedad Latinoamericana de Fitoquimica, CODEN: BLCPBA ISSN: 0717-7917.
http://www.blacpma.org/archivos/BLACPMA0901029.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in English. CAN 153:451918
Abstract
Essential oils are known to exert antimicrobial activity. Differences in the chem. compn. of them influence this activity. This
work intends to study the variability in the chem. compn. and the antimicrobial activity of essential oils obtained from plants of A.
triphylla collected from different regions of Argentina. Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistn. and analyzed with GC-MS. The
antimicrobial studies were carried out by the paper disk diffusion method. The essential oils shared common components but
presented differences in the quantity and quality of the rest of them. The essential oil from La Paz showed the highest
citral/limonene relation and the best antimicrobial activity. Yeasts resulted to be the most sensitive microorganisms, followed by
the Gram pos. bacteria. Statistical anal. showed significative differences in the antimicrobial activity. The differences in the biol.
activity of each essential oil could be attributed to the quantity and quality of the terpenic compn.
Answer 167:
Phytochemical and biological investigations of Caryocar brasiliense Camb. Ascari, Jociani; Takahashi, Jacqueline
Aparecida; Boaventura, Maria Amelia Diamantino. Departamento de Quimica, Instituto de Ciencias Exatas, Universidade Federal
de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil. Boletin Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromaticas (2010),
9(1), 20-28. Publisher: Sociedad Latinoamericana de Fitoquimica, CODEN: BLCPBA ISSN: 0717-7917.
http://www.blacpma.org/archivos/BLACPMA0901020.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in English. CAN 154:1709 AN
Abstract
Caryocar brasiliense epicarp and external mesocarpe were chem. and biol. evaluated. From the phytochem. study, Et gallate,
5-hydroxyfurfural, gallic acid, Me shikimate, and mixts. of -D-fructopyranose and -D-fructofuranose, -and -D-glucose, lupeol
and oleic acid and -sitosterol, stigmasterol and oleic acid were isolated and spectroscopically identified by NMR (1D and 2D).
Tests on the antioxidant, allelopathic and antimicrobial activities were carried out for the crude ext., fractions and pure compds.
Ext. and pure compds. showed good activities in all bioassays.
Answer 168:
Phytochemical and pharmacological potential of kair (Capparis decidua). Rathee, Sushila; Rathee, Permender; Rathee,
Dharmender; Rathee, Deepti; Kumar, Vikash. PDM College of Pharmacy, Bahadurgarh, India. International Journal of
Phytomedicine (2010), 2 10-17. Publisher: Advanced Research Journals, CODEN: IJPNI3 ISSN: 0975-0185.
http://www.arjournals.org/phytomed/intjphytomedicine21/ijpm.2010.0975.0185.02002.pdf Journal; General Review; Online
Abstract
A review. Capparis decidua (Forsk.) is belonging to family Capparidaceae, yet important medicinal plant of Indian Medicinal
Plants. In the traditional system of medicine, the bark has been shown to be useful in the treatment of coughs, asthma and
inflammation; roots used in fever and buds in the treatment of boils. In Unani, leaves act as appetizer, helps in cardiac troubles,
fruits used in biliousness. The plant is reported to contain Phytochems. including alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides and some fatty
acids. In Unani, leaves act as appetizer, helps in cardiac troubles, used in biliousness; alveolaris and pyorrhea; Root bark is used
as anthelmintic and purgative. The plant have significant pharmacol. activities like hypercholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory and
analgesic, antidiabeti, antimicrobial, antiplaque, antihypertensive, antihelmintic & purgativ activities. The review analyses
phytochem. and pharmacol. potential of medicinal plant (kair).
Answer 169:
Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies of four species of Cola Schott & Endl. (Sterculiaceae). Sonibare, Mubo Adeola;
Soladoye, Micheal O.; Esan, Oyedokun O.; Sonibare, Oluwadayo O. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy,
University of Ibadan, Nigeria. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines (2009), 6(4), 518-525.
Publisher: African Networks on Ethnomedicines, CODEN: AJTCAU ISSN: 0189-6016.
http://journals.sfu.ca/africanem/index.php/ajtcam/article/view/460/460 Journal; Online Computer File written in English. CAN
Abstract
The in-vitro antimicrobial evaluation of ethanol exts. of four species of Cola Schott & Endl. was done using human isolated strains
of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus albus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida
albicans, Aspergillus niger as test organisms. The assays were carried out by agar well diffusion, erythromycin and ketoconazole
served as the control drugs. The leaf ethanol exts. of the plants were found to be more effective against the tested fungi than the
bacteria at high concns. None of the exts. was active against Staphylococcus aureus. Plant ext. of C. acuminata (P. Beauv.)
Schott & Endl. and C. nitida (Vent) Schott & Endl. showed activity on S. albus at concns. ranging from 10-150 mgml-1 having
comparable diams. of zone of inhibition of 7.30.03-16.00.0 for C. acuminata and 10.00.0-19.00.0 for C. nitida. Also, these two
species of Cola demonstrated activities on C. albicans and A. niger at concns. ranging from 90-150mgml-1 with relatively close
diams. of zone of inhibition. Only C. acuminata inhibited the growth of K. pneumoniae at the MIC of 90mgml-1 whereas, C.
albicans was inhibited by C. acuminata, C. millenii K. Schum and C. gigantea A.Chev. at the MIC of 120mgml-1. Phytochem.
screening of the four species of Cola showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins and cardenolides in all the plants which
apart from showing the probable closeness of the species could also be responsible for the obsd. activities. The antimicrobial
property shown by the plant exts. is an evidence of the ethnomedicinal uses of the plants. The similarity obsd. in the phytochem.
constituents and antimicrobial activities demonstrated by C nitida (Vent.) Schott & Endl., C. millenii and C.gigantea A. Chev. and
C. acuminata suggest a probable closeness among these species.
The results obtained in this study provide preliminary evidence of the chemotaxonomic significance of secondary
metabolites and antimicrobial activities in infra-generic taxonomy of species of Cola.
Answer 170:
Qualitative phytochemical screening and in vitro antimicrobial effects of methanol stem bark extract of Ficus thonningii
(Moraceae). Usman, H.; Abdulrahman, F. I.; Usman, A. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of
Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines (2009), 6(3), 289-295.
Publisher: African Networks on Ethnomedicines, CODEN: AJTCAU ISSN: 0189-6016.
http://journals.sfu.ca/africanem/index.php/ajtcam/article/view/466/428 Journal; Online Computer File written in English. CAN
Abstract
The methanolic stem bark ext. of Ficus thonningii (Moraceae) was subjected to preliminary phytochem. screening and in vitro
antimicrobial tests. The phytochem. tests was carried out using std. methods of anal. and these investigations revealed the
presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, carbohydrates, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. The antimicrobial activity of the plant
ext. was assayed using the agar plate disk diffusion and nutrient broth diln. techniques. Test micro organisms were: Escherichia
coli, Klebsiella spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi (Gram-neg.), Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp.
(Gram-pos.). The exts. inhibited the growth of all the test organisms at different concns. esp. against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and Streptococcus spp. which had mean inhibition zone of 33.337.33 mm and 32.332.51 mm resp. The results showed the MIC
of 10 mg ml-1 against pseudomonas and 1.25 against remaining organisms tested. The MBC against Staphylococcus aureus was
2.5 mg ml-1 and that of Streptococcus spp. was found to be 0.625mg ml-1. The exts. showed varied inhibitory activity against the
organisms studied.
Answer 171:
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Prangos ferulaceae (L.) Lindl from Iran. Razavi,
Seyed Mehdi; Nazemiyeh, Hossein; Zarrini, Gholamreza; Asna-Asharii, Solmaz; Dehghan, Gholamreza. Department of Biology,
Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh - Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Natural Product Research (2010), 24(6), 530-533.
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd., CODEN: NPRAAT ISSN: 1478-6419. Journal written in English. CAN 153:69955 AN
Abstract
The hydrodistd. essential oils of fruits and umbels of Prangos ferulaceae (L.) Lindl growing in Iran were analyzed by gas
chromatograph-mass spectrometer. Six compds., comprising 93.7 and 94.7% of the total fruits and umbels oils, were identified,
resp. -Pinene and cis-ocimene are the major components of the oils. The essential oils show high antibacterial effect against
Bacillus cereus.
Answer 172:
Pistacia terebinthus extract: As a potential antioxidant, antimicrobial and possible -glucuronidase inhibitor. Kavak,
Dilek Demirbueker; Altiok, Evren; Bayraktar, Oguz; Uelkue, Semra. Chemical Engineering Department, Izmir Institute of
Technology, Urla Izmir, Turk. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic (2010), 64(3-4), 167-171. Publisher: Elsevier B.V.,
CODEN: JMCEF8 ISSN: 1381-1177. Journal written in English. CAN 153:397737 AN 2010:614459 CAPLUS (Copyright
Abstract
In this study, inhibition of Escherichia coli glucuronidase (GUS) by a plant ext. of Pistacia terebinthus was investigated. P.
terebinthus (from Karaburun region in Turkey) leaf ext. exhibits various bioactivities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and
cytotoxic property because of its flavonoid, phenolic and alkaloid contents. HPLC analyses were performed to evaluate the
compn. of the ext. and main flavonoid compds. such as luteolin, luteolin-7-glucoside and apigenin-7-glucoside were detected in ext.
GUS activity and kinetic data of the GUS were obtained by measuring rate of prodn. of resulting fluorescent
4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) and phenolphthalein fluorometrically and spectrophotometrically, resp. Plant leaves showed higher
antioxidant capacity as 85 TEAC (trolox equiv. antioxidant capacity) value and higher antimicrobial activity towards
Staphylococcus aureus. 92.4% GUS enzyme inhibition was achieved with 8.3 g ml-1 crude ext. concn., where IC50 value was
found as 2.1 (0.2) g ml-1. Kinetic studies by nonlinear regression revealed that inhibition type caused by plant ext. was mixed
type (noncompetitive and competitive together). K m and V max values were 96.94  9.68 nM and 7.81  0.16 nmol min-1 mg-1,
resp. Inhibition const. (K i) was found as 7.00  0.93 nM having  value 2.17  0.93. Our results may provide useful information
regarding the inhibition of microbial GUS activity, preventing deglucuronidation and reducing possible cancer risk by bioactive P.
terebinthus crude ext.
Answer 173:
Development of novel therapeutic drugs in humans from plant antimicrobial peptides. Pitta, Maira Galdino da Rocha;
Pitta, Marina Galdino da Rocha; Galdino, Suely Lins. Group of Research in Therapeutical Innovation, Federal University of
Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. Current Protein and Peptide Science (2010), 11(3), 236-247. Publisher: Bentham Science
Publishers Ltd., CODEN: CPPSCM ISSN: 1389-2037. Journal; General Review written in English. CAN 153:471336 AN
Abstract
A review. All living organisms, ranging from microorganisms to plants and mammals, have evolved mechanisms to actively
defend themselves against pathogen attack. A wide range of biol. activities have been attributed to plant antimicrobial peptides
(AMPs) including growth inhibitory effects on a broad range of fungi, Gram-pos. and Gram-neg. bacteria, viruses, neoplastic cells
and parasitic protozoa. Classes of AMPs, their mechanisms of action, biol. activity, and cytotoxicity towards host cells are
discussed. A particular focus regards AMP candidates with potential for use in defense against biol. warfare agents. This field is
young, but provides addnl. stimulus to consideration of these mols. as a new class of therapeutic agents and promises to
revolutionize treatment of many infectious diseases.
Answer 174:
Techniques for plant defensin production. Padovan, Lara; Crovella, Sergio; Tossi, Alessandro; Segat, Ludovica.
Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy. Current Protein and Peptide Science (2010), 11(3),
231-235. Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., CODEN: CPPSCM ISSN: 1389-2037. Journal; General Review written in
English. CAN 153:306525 AN 2010:613560 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
A review. To defend themselves from attack by pathogens, plants can rely only on their innate defense systems. Defensins are
antimicrobial peptides that contribute to plant immunity by displaying a direct cidal activity against various pathogens, some of
which are responsible for plant diseases. These det. a significant decrease in the quality and safety of agricultural products, esp.
among food crops, and cause significant economic losses. There is consequently an increasing interest for antimicrobial compds.
such as the defensins, which might be applied in different ways to protect important food or bio-fuel crops. In this review the
authors analyze the techniques that were reported in the literature for the prodn. of isolated plant defensins of adequate quality and
sufficient quantity for potential use in plant protection. For research purposes, defensins were heterologously expressed in
diverse hosts, such as bacteria, yeasts, fungi and plants. Chem. synthesis is instead not commonly used for their prodn., due to
structural characteristics that make it difficult to obtain the correct protein folding. To consider the possibility of producing plant
defensins in a large scale, cost-effective methods guaranteeing high quality product are required. Future studies may thus focus
on the development of more stable compds., as well as decreasing prodn. costs by improving preparative syntheses or biotechnol.
procedures such as using transgenic crops as plant factories.
Answer 175:
Plant antimicrobial peptides: an overview of superSAGE transcriptional profile and a functional review. Kido, E. A.;
Pandolfi, V.; Houllou-Kido, L. M.; Andrade, P. P.; Marcelino, F. C.; Nepomuceno, A. L.; Abdelnoor, R. V.; Burnquist, W. L.;
Benko-Iseppon, A. M. Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. Current Protein and
Peptide Science (2010), 11(3), 220-230. Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., CODEN: CPPSCM ISSN: 1389-2037.
Abstract
Defensin, thionin and lipid transfer protein (LTP) gene families, which antimicrobial activity has an attractive use in protein
engineering and transgenic prodn. of agronomically important plants, have been here functionally reviewed. Also, a transcriptional
overview of plant SuperSAGE libraries and anal. of 26 bp tags possibly annotated for those families are presented. Tags
differentially expressed (p < 0.05) or constitutively transcribed were identified from leaves or roots from SuperSAGE libraries from
important Brazilian plant crops [cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and modern sugarcane
hybrids (Saccharum spp.)] submitted to abiotic [salt (100 mM NaCl) or drought] or biotic stresses [fungus inoculation (Phakopsora
pachyrhizi; Asiatic Soyben Rust phytopathogen)]. The diverse transcriptional patterns obsd., probably related to the variable range
of targets and functions involved, could be the first step to unravel the antimicrobial peptide world and the plant stress response
relationship. Moreover, SuperSAGE opens the opportunity to find some SNPs or even rare transcripts that could be important on
plant stress resistance mechanisms. Putative defensin or LTPs revealed by SuperSAGE following a specific plant treatment or
physiol. condition could be useful for future use in genetic improvement of plants.
Answer 176:
Structural aspects of plant antimicrobial peptides. Padovan, Lara; Scocchi, Marco; Tossi, Alessandro. Genetic Service,
IRCCS Burlo Garofolo and Department of Developmental and Reproductive Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
Current Protein and Peptide Science (2010), 11(3), 210-219. Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., CODEN: CPPSCM
ISSN: 1389-2037. Journal; General Review written in English. CAN 153:352491 AN 2010:613558 CAPLUS (Copyright (C)
Abstract
A review. Antimicrobial peptides exert an important role in plant defense and their structure/activity relationship against pathogens
is widely described. Although the most striking feature of these antimicrobial peptides is their mol. diversity, they share some
common features, such as a relatively low mol. wt., and the presence of a variable no. of cysteines residues that contribute to
stabilize conserved scaffolds through disulfide bond formation, and can be assigned to different structural classes. Peptides from
different classes in some cases act synergistically against pathogens when produced by the same tissue, and contribute to
extending defense to a wider range of microbes. In this review we briefly describe the structure of some of the main plant
antimicrobial peptide classes: thionins, defensins, lipid transfer proteins, cyclotides and snakins, and how they are reported to
contribute to the plant protection. In many cases these antimicrobial peptides show a wider activity spectrum than that suggested
by their name, exerting an action also against predatory insects and revealing useful antiviral activities. This extends their interest
from defense of important food crops also to the design of novel anti-infective compds. for both pharmaceutical and agricultural
applications.
Answer 177:
In vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. extracts against food-borne bacteria.
Ho, Chun-Hoong; Noryati, Ismail; Sulaiman, Shaida-Fariza; Rosma, Ahmad. School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains
Malaysia, Penang, Malay. Food Chemistry (2010), 122(4), 1168-1172. Publisher: Elsevier Ltd., CODEN: FOCHDJ ISSN:
(R))
Abstract
Exts. of the Orthosiphon stamineus plant were tested for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities against selected food-borne
bacteria in vitro. Whole O. stamineus plants (powd.) were extd. using various concns. (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) of
methanol. O. stamineus extd. with 50% methanol, 75% methanol and fraction 5 of a 50% methanolic ext. demonstrated inhibitory
activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The inhibition obsd. with these O. stamineus exts. was comparable to the inhibition seen
with the natural food preservative 5% lactic acid; this is likely due to the high concn. of rosmarinic acid found in the O. stamineus
exts. This study showed that the highest concn. of rosmarinic acid had the best antibacterial and free radical scavenging
activities. This suggests that rosmarinic acid content is closely assocd. with antibacterial and free radical scavenging activities of
O. stamineus exts.
Answer 178:
Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity evaluation and essential oil analysis of Semenovia tragioides Boiss. from Iran.
Bamoniri, Abdolhamid; Ebrahimabadi, Abdolrasoul H.; Mazoochi, Asma; Behpour, Mohsen; Kashi, Fereshteh Jookar; Batooli,
Hossein. Essential Oils Research Institute, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran. Food Chemistry (2010), 122(3), 553-558.
Publisher: Elsevier Ltd., CODEN: FOCHDJ ISSN: 0308-8146. Journal written in English. CAN 153:202538 AN 2010:574395
Abstract
A study was made of the essential oil compn., antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and methanol ext. of aerial
parts of Semenovia tragioides. GC and GC/MS anal. identified 17 compds. representing 99.4% of the oil. The main components
comprising 61.9% of the oil were lavandulyl acetate (25.5%), geranyl acetate (12.5%), trans--ocimene (8.8%), p-cymene (7.7%)
and -terpinene (7.4%). The samples were screened for their antioxidant activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)
radical and -carotene/linoleic acid assay methods. None of the plant samples showed appreciable antioxidant activity in DPPH
test. However, methanol ext. exhibited considerable linoleic acid oxidn. inhibition (77.4%) in the -carotene/linoleic acid test, a
value near to that of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, 95.6%). Total phenolic content of the plant ext. as gallic acid equiv. was 7.5
g/mg. The essential oil exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against all but one of the tested microorganisms while the plant ext.
only inhibited two of them weakly.
Answer 179:
Synthesis, spectroscopy, semiempirical, phytotoxicity, antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxicity of diorganotin(IV)

complex derived from Bu2Sn(Acac)2 and 4-methyl-1-piperidinecarbodithioic acid. Khan, H. N.; Ali, S.; Shahzadi, S.;
Sharma, S. K.; Qanungo, K. Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pak. Russian Journal of
Coordination Chemistry (2010), 36(4), 310-316. Publisher: Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., CODEN: RJCCEY ISSN: 1070-3284.
Abstract
New diorganotin(IV) deriv. of 4-methyl-1-piperidinecarbodithioic acid (4-MePCDTA) was synthesized by the reaction of
dibutyltin(Acac)2 and ligand acid in a 1:1 molar ratio in anhyd. chloroform at room temp. The newly synthesized complex has been
characterized by elemental, IR, and multinuclear NMR (1H and 13C). The diorganotin(IV) deriv. is assessed to adopt distorted
octahedral geometry in the solid state, while tetrahedral geometry is exhibited in a soln. state. The modeled structure of the
reported complex shows severely distorted octahedral geometry around tin. The axial tin carbon bond lengths are 2.15 .ANG.. The
Sn-O bond lengths for coordinated Acac in the equatorial plane are 2.37 and 2.23 .ANG., resp. The complex was also tested for
antimicrobial activity against different bacterial and fungal strains, Artemia salina cytotoxicity, and plant phytotoxicity. The
screening results show that the complex exhibits high antibacterial, antifungal, and Artemia salina cytotoxicity and have a potential
to be used as drug. Low phytotoxic activity shows that the reported compd. can be used as agrochem. The structure-activity
relationship demonstrates that the compd. having four-coordinated geometry in the soln. state is more toxic.
Answer 180:
Antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of Impatiens chinensis. Viswanad, Vidya; Arya, Subash K.; Anurag, M.;
Anupama, P. P.; Abhraham, Arun. Amrita School of Pharmacy, Cochin, India. International Journal of Chemical Sciences
(2009), 7(4), 2459-2462. Publisher: Sadguru Publications, CODEN: IJCSIL ISSN: 0972-768X. Journal written in English. CAN
Abstract
Impatiens chinensis commonly known as wild balsam is used as an antimicrobial agent in folk medicine. According to literature,
this plant has been less explored for its antimicrobial activity. In this study, the antibacterial activity of this plant was carried out
using chloroform and Et acetate ext. by agar well diffusion method. Phytochem. study was carried out to find the presence of
glycosides, alkaloids and carbohydrates. Zone of inhibition was obsd. and led to the conclusion that the exts. of Impatiens
chinensis inhibited the growth of bacteria.
Answer 181:
Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of kaff maryam (Anastatica hierochuntica) and doum palm (Hyphaene thebaica).
Mohamed, Amal A.; Khalil, Ashraf A.; El-Beltagi, Hossam E. S. Department of Plant Biochemistry, Agricultural & Biological
Research Division, National Research Center (NRC), Cairo, Egypt. Grasas y Aceites (Sevilla, Spain) (2010), 61(1), 67-75.
Publisher: Instituto de la Grasa, CODEN: GRACAN ISSN: 0017-3495. Journal written in English. AN 2010:540665 CAPLUS
Abstract
The widespread use of medicinal plants for health purposes has increased dramatically due to their great importance to public
health. In this study, the levels of phenolic, flavonoid, -carotene and lycopene compds. of Anastatica hierochuntica and
Hyphaene thebaica were detd. The plant exts. were evaluated for their antioxidant activities using various antioxidant
methodologies: (i) scavenging of free radicals using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, (ii) metal ion chelating capacity, and (iii)
scavenging of superoxide anion radical. The antimicrobial activity of both plant exts. was evaluated against a panel of
microorganisms using the agar disk diffusion method. The total phenolic content (51.97 and 64.9 mg/g dry wt. in A. hierochuntica
and H. thebaica, resp.) was significantly (p < 0.05) different. The antioxidant activity increased with an increase in concn. The
plant exts. were more active against Gram-pos. bacteria than Gram-neg. bacteria. Also, the antimicrobial activity of H. thebaica
was higher than that of A. hierochuntica methanolic exts. This study reveals that the consumption of these plants would exert
several beneficial effects by virtue of their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
Answer 182:
Butea monosperma L. - chemistry, medicinal properties and technological aspects. Madhava Naidu, M.; Srinivas, P.
Plantation Products, Spices and Flavour Technology, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India. Editor(s):
Awaad, Amani S.; Singh, V. K.; Govil, J. N. Recent Progress in Medicinal Plants (2010), 28 363-385. Publisher: Studium
Press, LLC, Houston, Tex CODEN: 69KLGO Conference; General Review written in English. CAN 153:328985 AN
Abstract
A review. Literature describes various accounts of medicinal plants, their uses in herbal therapeutics, mostly based upon
traditional wisdom and knowledge. In Ayurveda, several herbal drugs have been prescribed as 'liver tonics' to reduce the toxicity
due to ingested xenobiotics. Among plants highly reputed for their potential benefits in the treatment of liver disorders, Butea
monosperma Lam. Kuntze (Fabaceae), is a well-documented medicinal plant, which is used. B. monosperma (commonly known as
palash), is a medium sized tree native to tropical southern Asia. B. monosperma, known as Flame of Forest, is an important
produce that yields several non-timber forest products. Flower is widely used in the treatment of hepatic disorders, viral hepatitis,
diarrhea, and possess anti-implantation activity. Butrin and isobutrin are the well-known antihepatotoxic principles of B.
monosperma. While seeds are laxative property, gum from the plant is astringent. There are reports of use of roots in the
treatment of filariasis, night blindness, helminthiasis, piles, ulcers and tumors. Bark is known to possess anti-tumor and anti-ulcer
activities. The root bark is also used as an aphrodisiac, as well as an analgesic. The leaf possesses anti-microbial properties.
Thus, the various plant parts of B. monosperma exhibit wide array of biol. attributes like hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory,
anti-diabetic, anthelmintic, anti-stress, anti-diarrheal, aphrodisiac, diuretic, febrifuge, anti-arthritic, anti-estrogenic, and anti-microbial
activities.
Answer 183:
Cissus quadrangularis: the bone setter. Maurya, Rakesh; Akanksha. Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central
Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India. Editor(s): Awaad, Amani S.; Govil, J. N.; Singh, V. K. Recent Progress in Medicinal
Plants (2010), 27 323-345. Publisher: Studium Press, LLC, Houston, Tex CODEN: 69KLGO Conference; General Review
Abstract
A review. Cissus quadrangularis, is a folklore medicine in India, which hastens the fracture healing process. Its stem and root
exts. are known to possess antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, the plant is also rich in the vitamins and antioxidants. Cissus
quadrangularis is famous among indigenous medical practitioner for its bone fracture healing property. It is useful not only in
building up the chem. compn. of the bone but also in bringing about its functional efficiency. Studies show that it possesses
antiosteoporotic, antiulcerogenic, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antinociceptive activities. It also possesses analgesic properties
comparable to aspirin or anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen. The genus is rich in steroids and triterpenoids. Iridoids are also
isolated from this plant. To date, no comprehensive review has been undertaken. This review presents the chem. and biol.
literature related to the Cissus quadrangularis regarding its morphol., constituents and pharmacol., describing 44 compds. contg. 57
refs.
Answer 184:
Streptomyces erythrochromogenes and its application for biological control of pests. Wu, Wenliang; Guo, Yanbin;
Meng, Fanqiao; Qi, Lin; Xia, Na; Jiao, Ziwei. (China Agricultural University, Peop. Rep. China). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing
Gongkai Shuomingshu (2010), CODEN: CNXXEV CN 101698827 A 20100428 Patent written in Chinese. Application: CN
2009-10092336 20090910. Priority: CN 2009-10092336 20090910. AN 2010:537276 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on
SciFinder (R))

CN 101698827 A 20100428 CN 2009-10092336 20090910
CN 2009-10092336 20090910
Abstract
The invention discloses a novel Streptomyces strain, Streptomyces erythrochromogenes MO28 (CGMCC No.3228), which is used
for biological control of pests. The study shows that the strain can inhibit the growth of Botrytis cinerea causing tomato gray mold,
and the effectiveness of the strain for controlling gray mold of tomato fruit and gray mold of tomato leaf can reach 96.56% and
78.26%, respectively. The antimicrobial test shows that the strain has strong inhibitory activity on plant pathogenic fungi and
bacteria, the inhibitory rate of Fusarium moniliforme reaches 69.9%, and the inhibition diameter against Pseudomonas syringae
reaches 53.7 mm. The strain is also used for the control of gray mold of hot pepper, cucumber, eggplant and strawberry plants.
Answer 185:
Structure and antimicrobial activity relationship of quaternary N-alkyl chitosan derivatives against some plant
pathogens. Badawy, Mohamed E. I. Department of Pesticide Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University,
El-Shatby, Alexandria, Egypt. Journal of Applied Polymer Science (2010), 117(2), 960-969. Publisher: John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., CODEN: JAPNAB ISSN: 0021-8995. Journal written in English. CAN 153:107984 AN 2010:525466 CAPLUS
Abstract
In the present work, quaternary chitosans as water-sol. compds. were prepd. based on three-step process. Schiff bases were
firstly synthesized by the reaction between the amino groups of chitosan with aliph. aldehydes followed by a redn. with sodium
borohydride (NaBH4) to form N-(alkyl) chitosans. N,N,N-(di-Me alkyl) chitosans were then obtained by a reaction of chitosan
contg. N-Bu, N-pentyl, N-hexyl, N-heptyl, and N-octyl substituents with Me iodide. The compds. were characterized using IR and
NMR spectroscopy. Subsequent expts. were conducted to test their antimicrobial activities against the most economic plant
pathogenic bacteria of crown gall disease Agrobacterium tumefaciens, soft mold disease Erwinia carotovora, fungi of gray mold
Botrytis cinerea, root rot disease Fusarium oxysporum, and damping off disease Pythium debaryanum. Quaternary chitosans
enhanced the antibacterial activity and N,N,N-(di-Me pentyl) chitosan was the most active one with Min. Inhibitory Concn. (MIC) of
750 and 1225 mg/L against A. tumefaciens and E. carotovora, resp. All quaternized chitosans gave stronger antifungal activities
than chitosan where N,N,N-(di-Me pentyl) chitosan and N,N,N-(di-Me octyl) chitosan were significantly the highest in mycelial
growth inhibiation against B. cinerea (EC50 = 908 and 383 mg/L, resp.), F. oxysporum (EC50 = 871 and 812 mg/L, resp.), and P.
debaryanum (EC50 = 624 and 440 mg/L, resp.). In addn., spore germination of B. cinerea and F. oxysporum was significantly
affected with the compds. at the tested concns. and the inhibition activity was increased with an increase in the chain length of the
alkyl substituent.  2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010.
Answer 186:
HPTLC densitometric evaluation of tissue culture extracts of Nothapodytes foetida compared to conventional extracts for
camptothecin content and antimicrobial activity. Namdeo, Ajay Gajanan; Sharma, Ajay; Sathiyanarayanan, Lohidasan;
Fulzele, Devanand; Mahadik, Kakasaheb Ramoo. Department of Pharmacognosy, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati
Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India. Planta Medica (2010), 76(5), 474-480. Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag, CODEN:
PLMEAA ISSN: 0032-0943. Journal written in English. CAN 152:510726 AN 2010:510762 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011
Abstract
Tissue culture technique is becoming popular because of its well-known ability to enhance the content of secondary metabolites in
plants. Callus tissue cultures of Nothapodytes foetida were developed using 250 different medium compns. to optimize this
procedure. Methanolic exts. of callus (MEC) and of various parts of N. foetida were comparatively analyzed for camptothecin
content, and a high performance thin layer chromatog. was developed for its quantitation. Chloroform-ethylacetate-methanol
(4:5:0.5 vol./vol.) was used as the mobile phase. The method was validated for linearity, precision (interday and intraday),
repeatability, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), and accuracy. The relationship between the concn. of std. solns.
and the peak response was linear within the range of 80 to 480 ng/spot with a correlation coeff. of 0.998. Instrumental precision
was evaluated as 0.54 (% CV). Repeatability of sample and std. were estd. to be 1.08 and 1.01 (% CV), and LOD and LOQ were
found to be 40 and 80 ng/spot, resp. The accuracy of the method was checked out by a recovery study and the av. percentage
recovery was calcd. as being 99.13%. The methanolic ext. of callus grown in tissue culture with medium compn. picloram +
thidiazuron + gibberellic acid (1:1:4; MEC-PTG) showed a higher percentage of camptothecin (5.74% wt./vol.) than the methanolic
ext. of fruits (3.56% wt./wt.), leaves (1.56% wt./wt.), stem (1.19% wt./wt.), and root (1.11% wt./wt.). The results of the
antimicrobial screening indicate that MEC-PTG exhibited max. activity against all microorganisms. Among the fungi tested,
MEC-PTG showed max. activity against A. niger and C. albicans (MIC value 10 g/mL) whereas among bacteria strains, its
activity was highest against B. subtilis and S. lutea (MIC 20 g/mL).
Answer 187:
Application and research development of gene resource in anti-disease gene engineering. Wang, Xiaoyu; Chen, Zhiyi.
Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Peop. Rep. China. Xibei Zhiwu Xuebao
(2009), 29(12), 2576-2581. Publisher: Kexue Chubanshe, CODEN: XZXUEV ISSN: 1000-4025. Journal; General Review written
in Chinese. CAN 153:107919 AN 2010:491669 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
A review. Control of plant diseases is a major aspect of agricultural prodn. The anti-disease breeding is a key and effective soln.
With the recent emergence of transgenic breeding, anti-disease transgenic breeding has also been greatly developed. This review
is trying to overview available gene resources from five fields about antimicrobial substances, plant resistance genes, the key
enzyme in metabolic pathways various activated protein and regulation genes, in anti-disease transgenic breeding process in recent
years. And summarized all kinds of resistance genes resources mining strategies, suggested tentatively some applicable and
potential genetic resources in future. The type of genetic resources available for mining, developing broad-spectrum resistance,
reasonable and effective strategy for cloning disease-resistant genetic resources were broadened.
Answer 188:
Screening for alternative antibiotics: an investigation into the antimicrobial activities of medicinal food plants of
Mauritius. Mahomoodally, M. F.; Gurib-Fakim, A.; Subratty, A. H. Dept. of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Univ. of
Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius. Journal of Food Science (2010), 75(3), M173-M177. Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell, CODEN:
JFDSAZ ISSN: 0022-1147. Journal written in English. AN 2010:491125 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of 2 endemic medicinal plants; Faujasiopsis flexuosa
(Asteraceae) (FF) and Pittosporum senacia (Pittosporaceae) (PS) and 2 exotic medicinal plants, Momordica charantia
(Cucurbitaceae) (MC) and Ocimum tenuiflorum (Lamiaceae) (OT) that forms part of local pharmacopoeia of Mauritius and correlate
any obsd. activity with its phytochem. profile. Aq. and org. fractions of the leaves, fruits, and seeds of these plants were
subjected to antimicrobial testing by the disk diffusion method against 8 clin. isolates of bacteria and 2 strains of fungus. It was
found that MC, OT, and FF possessed antimicrobial properties against the test organisms. The MIC for MC ranged from 0.5 to 9
mg/mL and that of FF from 2 to 10 mg/mL and the lowest MIC value (0.5 mg/mL) was recorded for the unripe fruits of MC against
E. coli. On the other hand, higher concn. of the unripe MC fruit ext. of 9 mg/mL was needed to be effective against a resistant
strain of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The antimicrobial effect against MRSA was lost upon ripening of the fruits. The
methanolic ext. of both MC and FF showed highest MIC values compared to the corresponding aq. ext., which indicates the low
efficacy and the need of higher doses of the plant ext. Phytochem. screening of the plants showed the presence of at least
tannins, phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids, which are known antimicrobial phyto-compds. In conclusion, the obsd. antimicrobial
properties would tend to further validate the medicinal properties of these commonly used endemic medicinal and food plants of
Mauritius.
Answer 189:
A new strain of trichoderma longibrachiatum for controlling tree bark diseases and plant diseases and promoting plant
growth. Chi, Yujie; Yi, Hongwei. (Northeast Forestry University, Peop. Rep. China). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai
Shuomingshu (2010), CODEN: CNXXEV CN 101693879 A 20100414 Patent written in Chinese. Application: CN
2009-10072978 20090927. Priority: CN 2009-10072978 20090927. AN 2010:481719 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on
SciFinder (R))

CN 101693879 A 20100414 CN 2009-10072978 20090927
CN 2009-10072978 20090927
Abstract
The invention provides Trichoderma longibrachiatum strain T05 (CGMCC No.2888). During asexual stage, the strain belongs to
Moniliaceae of Hyphomycetales of Hyphomycetidae of Deuteromycota; and during sexual stage, the strain belongs to
Hypocreaceae of Hypocreales of Ascomycetes. The strain has high spore yield and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, can be
used for controlling tree bark diseases and plant diseases and promoting plant growth, and is suitable for industrial production.
Answer 190:
Antimicrobial activity of synthetic defensin proteins against Staphylococci and Enterococci and methods for their
synthesis. De Maria, Leonardo; Hoegenhaug, Hans-Henrik Kristensen; Sandvang, Dorthe. (Novozymes Adenium Biotech A/S,
Den.). PCT Int. Appl. (2010), 33pp. CODEN: PIXXD2 WO 2010040845 A1 20100415 Designated States W: AE, AG, AL,
AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG,
ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU,
LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG,
SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TJ, TM. Designated States RW: AT, BE, CH, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, IE, IS, IT, LU, MC, MT,
NL, NO, PT, SE, SM, TR, BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG. Patent written in English. Application: WO
2009-EP63220 20091009. Priority: EP 2008-166409 20081010; US 2008-105060P 20081014. CAN 152:470367 AN

WO 2010040845 A1 20100415 WO 2009-EP63220 20091009
SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW
RW: AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, MC,
MR, NE, SN, TD, TG, BW, GH, GM, KE, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, ZW, AM, AZ,
BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM
US 20100093633 A1 20100415 US 2009-575535 20091008
EP 2008-166409 A 20081010
US 2008-105060P P 20081014
Abstract
The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having antimicrobial activity. The invention also relates to polynucleotides
encoding the polypeptides; and nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods
for producing and using the polypeptides. In particular, it relates to synthetic defensin polypeptides with antimicrobial activity
against Staphylococci and Enterococci. The encoding genes were cloned and expressed in Aspergillus oryzae, purified, HPLC
quantified and dild. to 640 g/mL in peptide diln. buffer (0.1 % BSA, 0.01 % Acetic Acid). The minimal inhibitory concns. (MIC) were
detd. against a panel of gram-pos. bacteria. The bacteria were grown in cation-adjusted Moller-Hinton broth, and exposed to twofold
dilns. of the peptides e.g. 64, 32, 16, 8,4,2, 1,0.5, 0.25, 0.13, 0.6 and 0.03,g/mL. The MICs, detd. as the lowest peptide concn.
which prevented visual bacterial growth, were read after 18-24 h of incubation at 37. Three synthetic defensins were significantly
improved (2 to 8-fold) against staphylococci and enterococci, when compared to the ref. defensins.
Answer 191:
Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids from in vitro tissue culture and seeds of Gossypium species. Chaturvedi, Arjit;
Singh, Sipia; Nag, T. N. Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology Laboratory, M.N. Institute of Applied Sciences (MGS
University), Bikaner, India. Romanian Biotechnological Letters (2010), 15(1), 4959-4963. Publisher: Ars Docendi, CODEN:
RBLEFU ISSN: 1224-5984. Journal written in English. CAN 153:329044 AN 2010:470278 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011
Abstract
Flavonoids exts. of seeds and callus tissues of three species of Gossypium (fam. Malvaceae) were screened against Bacillus
cerus, Escherchia coli, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium,
Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Trichoderma viride and Candida albicans adopting disk diffusion method. Results were
compared with the zone of inhibition produced by com. available std. antibiotics. Maximum activity was obsd. in flavonoid fraction
of callus tissue as compared to seeds. Flavonoids exts. did not show any activity against Candida albicans.
Answer 192:
Analysis and antimicrobial activity of the plant Juniperus communis. Rezvani, Sahar; Rezai, Mohammad Ali; Mahmoodi,
Nosratollah. Young Researchers Club Rasht Branch, Department of Biology Islamic Azad University Rasht Branch, Guilan,
Iran. Rasayan Journal of Chemistry (2009), 2(2), 257-260. Publisher: Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, CODEN: RJCABP
ISSN: 0974-1496. Journal written in English. CAN 153:45191 AN 2010:460342 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on
SciFinder (R))
Abstract
Today a medicinal natural product to profit for treatment of numerousness illnesses. Juniperus communis is pharmaceutical plant
from erea in Golestan province in Iran. From point of view ecophysiol. organs, this species grows on dry, cold-tolerant, variety of
soil types including, acidic and calcareous sands, pH of 4.5, which is rated as strongly acid, genuse plant and withdrawal May
month, morning time have more effect of chem. materials and antibacterial. That inquiry had tried different organs J. communis
point of essential oil female cone and leaf. I had study instance some of the bacteria E.coli, Staphylococcus, Sodomunas. That
used with equisetum, taraxacum and urtica dioica against UTIs, infection, cancer, and various urinary tracts kidney disorders. In
this study ethanolic exts. of fleshy feale cones of plants that collected in May 2005 from natural habitat in Charbagh village (1950
m) from Golestan. Juniperus communis is one most important conifers in Iran and since are most tolerance trees against the cold
and drought stresses and have noticeable important in mountainous areas in Iran. Oil from representative samples of population
as well as from individual samples was studied. The oils consisted mainly of monoterpene hydrocarbons. Anal. of essentials oil,
dried fruits was detected after distn. by GC-MS. The results indicated that efficacious materials of this plant were different,
significantly. In J. communis 27 essential oils were detected that its highest values were -pinene and -cedrol, DETA.3-carene,
-terpinolen, and terpineol-4. In this study.
Answer 193:
Essential oil composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the aerial parts of Salvia eremophila Boiss.
from Iran. Ebrahimabadi, Abdolrasoul H.; Mazoochi, Asma; Kashi, Fereshteh Jookar; Djafari-Bidgoli, Zahra; Batooli, Hossein.
Essential Oil Research Center, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran. Food and Chemical Toxicology (2010), 48(5),
1371-1376. Publisher: Elsevier Ltd., CODEN: FCTOD7 ISSN: 0278-6915. Journal written in English. CAN 153:183725 AN
Abstract
The essential oil compn. and in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and methanol ext. of Salvia
eremophila were evaluated in this research. GC and GC/MS anal. of the plant essential oil resulted in the identification of 28
compds. representing 99.24% of the oil. Borneol (21.83%), -pinene (18.80%), bornyl acetate (18.68%) and camphene (6.54%)
were detected as the major components consisting 65.85% of the oil. The plant essential oil and methanol ext. were also subjected
to screenings for the evaluation of their antioxidant activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and -carotene-linoleic
acid tests. While the plant essential oil showed only weak antioxidant activities, its methanol ext. was considerably active in both
DPPH (IC50 = 35.19 g/mL) and -carotene-linoleic acid (inhibition percentage: 72.42%) tests. Appreciable total phenolic content
(101.25 g/mg) was also detected for the plant methanol ext. as gallic acid equiv. in the Folin-Ciocalteu test. The plant was also
screened for its antimicrobial activity and good to moderate inhibitions were recorded for its essential oil and methanol ext. against
most of the tested microorganisms.
Answer 194:
Chemical composition, in vitro anti-microbial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and methanolic
extract of Hymenocrater longiflorus Benth., of Iran. Ahmadi, F.; Sadeghi, S.; Modarresi, M.; Abiri, R.; Mikaeli, A.
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Food and Chemical Toxicology (2010), 48(5), 1137-1144. Publisher: Elsevier Ltd., CODEN: FCTOD7 ISSN: 0278-6915.
Abstract
In this study we identified the chem. compn., anti-microbial and antioxidant effects of essential oil and methanolic ext. of
Hymenocrater longiflorus Benth. Totally 87 volatile compds. from the essential oil in H. longiflorus, were identified by gas
chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). These compds. are mainly monoterpene hydrocarbons, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons,
oxygenated monoterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenoids compds. The anti-microbial and antifungal activity of plants exts.
against several pathogenic microorganisms was studied by disk diffusion and min. inhibitory concn. procedures. The results
revealed that the essential oil and polar sub-fraction are effective mostly against Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger and
Candida albicans. The antioxidant activity was also detd. by 1,1'-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging,
-carotene linoleic acid assay and reducing power. In addn. the total phenol of essential oil (54.6  1.2), polar sub-fraction (50.0 
1.4) and non-polar sub-fraction (64.7  2.0) were detd.
Answer 195:
The swaposin-like domain of potato aspartic protease (StAsp-PSI) exerts antimicrobial activity on plant and human
pathogens. Munoz, Fernando F.; Mendieta, Julieta R.; Pagano, Mariana R.; Paggi, Roberto A.; Daleo, Gustavo R.; Guevara,
Maria G. Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Biological Research Institute, National Scientific and Technical Research Council,
University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argent. Peptides (New York, NY, United States) (2010), 31(5), 777-785. Publisher:
Elsevier, CODEN: PPTDD5 ISSN: 0196-9781. Journal written in English. CAN 153:80866 AN 2010:459878 CAPLUS
Abstract
Plant-specific insert domain (PSI) is a region of approx. 100 amino acid residues present in most plant aspartic protease (AP)
precursors. PSI is not a true saposin domain; it is the exchange of the N- and C-terminal portions of the saposin like domain.
Hence, PSI is called a swaposin domain. Here, we report the cloned, heterologous expression and purifn. of PSI from StAsp 1
(Solanum tuberosum aspartic protease 1), called StAsp-PSI. Results obtained here show that StAsp-PSI is able to kill spores of
two potato pathogens in a dose-dependent manner without any deleterious effect on plant cells. As reported for StAPs (S.
tuberosum aspartic proteases), the StAsp-PSI ability to kill microbial pathogens is dependent on the direct interaction of the protein
with the microbial cell wall/or membrane, leading to increased permeability and lysis. Addnl., we demonstrated that, like proteins of
the SAPLIP family, StAsp-PSI and StAPs are cytotoxic to Gram-neg. and Gram-pos. bacteria in a dose dependent manner. The
amino acid residues conserved in SP_B (pulmonary surfactant protein B) and StAsp-PSI could explain the cytotoxic activity
exerted by StAsp-PSI and StAPs against Gram-pos. bacteria. These results and data previously reported suggest that the
presence of the PSI domain in mature StAPs could be related to their antimicrobial activity.
Answer 196:
Development and evaluation of a novel biodegradable film made from chitosan and cinnamon essential oil with low
affinity toward water. Ojagh, Seyed Mahdi; Rezaei, Masoud; Razavi, Seyed Hadi; Hosseini, Seyed Mohamad Hashem. Dept.
of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran. Food Chemistry (2010), 122(1), 161-166.
Publisher: Elsevier Ltd., CODEN: FOCHDJ ISSN: 0308-8146. Journal written in English. CAN 153:284893 AN 2010:449686
Abstract
Combining antimicrobial agents such as plant essential oils directly into a food packaging is a form of active packaging. In this
work chitosan-based films contg. cinnamon essential oil (CEO) at level of 0.4%, .0.8%, and 1.5% and 2% (vol./vol.) were prepd. to
examine their antibacterial, phys. and mech. properties. SEM was carried out to explain structure-property relationships.
Incorporating CEO into chitosan-based films increased antimicrobial activity. CEO decreased moisture content, soly. in water,
water vapor permeability and elongation at break of chitosan films. It is postulated that the unique properties of the CEO added
films could suggest the crosslinking effect of CEO components within the chitosan matrix. Electron microscopy images confirmed
the results obtained in this study.
Answer 197:
Callus induction and antimicrobial activity of seed and callus extracts of Clitoria ternatea L. Mhaskar, A. V.; Prakash,
K.; Vishwakarma, K. S.; Maheshwari, V. L. Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University,
Jalgaon, India. Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy (2010), 4(1), 561-567. Publisher: Association of Biotechnology
and Pharmacy, CODEN: CTBPB4 ISSN: 0973-8916. Journal written in English. CAN 153:307243 AN 2010:438602
Abstract
Callus induction from leaf derived explant of C. ternatea was achieved with 100% frequency on Murashige and Skoog's basal
medium fortified with 2 M 2, 4- D and 18 M kinetin. Callus grew in size and wt. till 6th week in culture as measured by an
increase in both fresh and dry wts. Aq. exts. of both seed and callus were prepd. for evaluating the antimicrobial activity against
selected pathogenic fungi and bacteria using the agar well diffusion technique. Seeds and leaf delivered calli of C. ternatea were
extd. using standardized lab. protocol. The seed ext. of C. ternatea showed max. zone of inhibition (22  0.5 mm) against
Escherichia coli (NCIM 2645) at 0.75 mg concn. and min. (14  1.0 mm) with Micrococcus flavus (NCIM 2376). The callus ext.
showed max. zone of inhibition (16  2.0 mm) against Salmonella typhi, the min. was against Escherichia coli (NCIM 2645) and
Staphylococcus aureus (12  1.0 mm and 12  0.9 mm, resp.). The seed ext. of C. ternatea showed strong antifungal activity on
all the tested fungi but the callus ext. exhibited marginal antifungal activity.
Answer 198:
Antimicrobial Effects of Pepper, Parsley, and Dill and Their Roles in the Microbiological Quality Enhancement of
Traditional Egyptian Kareish Cheese. Wahba, Nahed M.; Ahmed, Amany S.; Ebraheim, Zedan Z. Animal Health Research
Institute, Assiut Regional Laboratory, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease (2010), 7(4),
411-418. Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., CODEN: FPDOAF ISSN: 1535-3141. Journal written in English. AN 2010:438141
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the application of some edible plants including cayenne, green pepper, parsley, and dill to
Kareish cheese and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of these plant materials against natural microflora, coliforms, molds, and
Staphylococcus aureus. Twelve different concns. of ethanol ext. of the plants were prepd. for detn. of the minimal inhibitory
concn. Cayenne and green pepper exts. showed highest activity followed by dill and parsley against S. aureus. Addn. of cayenne
or green pepper to Kareish cheese during manuf. revealed that both plants were able reduce the S. aureus population to
undetectable level within the first and second days of storage. To study the effect of combining plant materials on the microbiol.
quality of ready-to-eat Kareish cheese, the total bacterial count, coliform count, and yeast and molds counts were detd. It has
been found that addn. of plant materials to Kareish cheese reduced the total bacterial and coliform populations. All concns. of
cayenne, green pepper, dill, and parsley (9%) completely reduced the yeast count within 2 h. Cayenne and green pepper
completely reduced the mold count within 2 days, whereas parsley and dill were found to be less effective. Kareish cheese prepd.
with 1% cayenne pepper and 3% and 6% each of green pepper, dill, and parsley were found strongly acceptable to the consumer
and considered the most preferable type. Therefore, this study revealed that pepper, parsley, and dill exhibited antibacterial
activity against natural microflora, coliforms, yeast and molds, and S. aureus in Kareish cheese, and the addn. of these plants is
acceptable to the consumer and may contribute to the development of new and safe varieties of Kareish cheese.
Answer 199:
Essential oils composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the leaves and flowers of Chaerophyllum
macropodum Boiss. Ebrahimabadi, Abdolrasoul H.; Djafari-Bidgoli, Zahra; Mazoochi, Asma; Kashi, Fereshteh Jookar; Batooli,
Hossein. Essential Oils Research Institute, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran. Food Control (2010), 21(8), 1173-1178.
Publisher: Elsevier Ltd., CODEN: FOOCEV ISSN: 0956-7135. Journal written in English. CAN 153:578435 AN 2010:435116
Abstract
This study reports the essential oils chem. compn. and in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of the leaves and flowers of
Chaerophyllum macropodum. GC and GC/MS anal. of the plant essential oils led to the identification of 49 components making
98.3-99.4% of its oils. The main constituents of the essential oils were trans--farnesene, trans--ocimene, -pinene, limonene,
spathulenol and myrcene constituting 49.6-73.1% of the oils. The exts. from the leaves and flowers showed moderate antioxidant
activities in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test (IC50 values = 196.8 and 167.1 g/mL resp.) and -carotene/linoleic acid
assay (inhibitions percentages = 69.9% and 62.7% resp.), but the essential oils were almost inactive in these tests. On the other
hand, only the essential oils of the plant showed considerable antimicrobial activity against most of the tested microorganisms.
Answer 200:
Analysis of phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activities of Cucumis anguri L. against clinical pathogens.
Senthil Kumar, S.; Kamaraj, M. Department of Botany, PG and Research Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, India.
American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences (2010), 7(2), 176-178. Publisher: International Digital
Organization for Scientific Information, CODEN: AJAECB ISSN: 1990-4053. http://www.idosi.org/aejaes/jaes7(2)/9.pdf Journal;
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the Cucumis anguria phytochem. compds. and antimicrobial activity of different exts.
The phytochem. compd. screened by GC-MS method. In the GC-MS anal., 10 bioactive phytochem. compds. were identified in
the ethanolic ext. of Cucumis anguria. The ethanol-methanol, chloroform and Et acetate were used to ext. the bioactive compds.
from the fruits of Cucumis anguria to screen the antibacterial, antifungal activities were done for selected human clin. pathogens
by Disc Diffusion method. The max. antibacterial and antifungal activities were obsd. in ethanolic exts. when compared other
exts. Cucumis anguria fruit ext. with ethanol can be used as antimicrobial agents.
Answer 201:
Micropropagation and antimicrobial activity of Operculina turpethum (syn. Ipomoea turpethum), an endangered
medicinal plant. Alam, M. Jahangir; Alam, Iftekhar; Sharmin, Shamima Akhtar; Rahman, M. Mizanur; Anisuzzaman,
Mohammad; Alam, Mohammad Firoz. Department of Bioscience (Integrated Bioscience Section), Graduate School of Science and
Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Oya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan. Plant Omics (2010), 3(2), 40-46. Publisher:
Southern Cross Publishing, CODEN: POLMCI ISSN: 1836-3644. http://www.pomics.com/iftikhar2_3_2_2010_40_46.pdf Journal;
(R))
Abstract
Operculina turpethum (syn. Ipomoea turpethum) - a plant in the morning glory family is an endangered medicinal plant of
Bangladesh and its neighboring countries. An efficient micropropagation protocol was established for this plant through nodal
segment culture as well as antimicrobial activity of the leaves was also evaluated. For micropropagation, nodal segments with
axillary buds of field grown plants were surface sterilized in 0.1% HgCl2 for 8 min. Rapid shoot bud proliferation (85.33%) along
with a max. of 14 shoots in each bud was obsd. when cultured in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l-1 BAP.
Proper elongation (5-6 cm) of the primarily induced shoots was achieved by subculturing in 0.5 mg l-1 GA3 plus 0.1 mg l-1 Kin.
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at a concn. of 1.0 mg l-1 was found most effective for root development. Well rooted plantlets were
successfully acclimatized in the soil up to maturity. In terms of antibacterial properties petroleum ether and ethanol exts. of
leaves showed potential antimicrobial properties against several human pathogenic bacteria with a min. inhibitory concn. (MIC)
ranged from 0.13-0.75 mg ml-1.
Answer 202:
Plant species from the Angiospermatophyta and Spermatophyta genus with antiradical and antimicrobial activity.
Condrat, D.; Szabo, M.-R.; Radu, D.; Lupea, A. X. Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection Faculty, 'Aurel
Vlaicu' University, Arad, Rom. Oxidation Communications (2009), 32(4), 924-929. Publisher: SciBulCom Ltd., CODEN:
OXCODW ISSN: 0209-4541. Journal written in English. CAN 152:473474 AN 2010:416910 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to det. the antiradical and antimicrobial activity of some plant exts. from the Angiospermatophyta
and Spermatophyta genus. The antiradical activity was detd. by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil) method, a method that is
rapid, easy and does not need special equipment. The anti-microbial activity was detd. by the radial diffusion method. The
studied species were: Alchemilla vulgaris (Lady's mantle), Allium ursinum (Bear's garlic), Acorus calamus (Sweet flag), Solidago
virga-aurea (Golden rod), Agrimonia eupatoria (Agrimony), Vascum album (European mistletoe) and Veronica officinalis (Common
speedwell).
Answer 203:
Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of Acorus calamus rhizome. Kumar, S.
Senthil; Akram, A. Soban; Ahmed, T. S. Fareed; Jaabir, M. S. Mohamed. Department of Biotechnology, Jamal Mohamed College
(Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, India. Oriental Journal of Chemistry (2010), 26(1), 223-227. Publisher: Oriental Scientific
Publishing Co., CODEN: OJCHEG ISSN: 0970-020X. Journal written in English. CAN 153:391332 AN 2010:416868
Abstract
The present study is aimed at evaluating the in vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanolic exts. of the medicinal plant Acorus calamus
against 3 bacterial (Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus aureus) and 3 fungal (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus,
Trichoderma sp.) species. The ethanolic ext. of Acorus calamus exhibited antimicrobial activity moderately on Pseudomonas sp.,
Staphylococcus aureus, and Aspergillus flavus. The phytocompounds that are present in the rhizomes of Acorus calamus was
screened by Gas Chromatog. and Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) method. The GC-MS study revealed about 10 active
phytocompounds present in the rhizomes including alkaloids, arom., Palmitic and linoleic acid.
Answer 204:
Heterogenous expression of antimicrobial peptides. Song, Shanshan; Hu, Guobin; Dong, Xianzhi. College of Marine Life
Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Peop. Rep. China. Shengwu Yixue Gongchengxue Zazhi (2009), 26(6),
1372-1375. Publisher: Shengwu Yixue Gongchengxue Zazhi Bianjibu, CODEN: SYGZF2 ISSN: 1001-5515. Journal; General
Review written in Chinese. AN 2010:413736 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), a class of short proteins with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activities, are isolated from a wide
variety of animals, both vertebrates and invertebrates, and plants as well as from bacteria and fungi. They are a key component
of the innate immune response in most multicellular organisms. Owing to their potent, broad-spectrum antibacterial activities and
uneasy developing of drug resistance, these peptides are of great clin. significance. However, prepn. of AMPs at a large scale is
a severe challenge to the development of the com. products. Undoubtedly, construction of high-level biol. expression systems
for the prodn. of AMPs is the key in its clin. application process. Herein, the progress in researches on heterogenous expression
of AMPs in prokaryotic expression systems and eukaryotic expression systems was summarized.
Answer 205:
Antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula Retz. on gram-positive and gram-negative
micro-organisms. Kumar, Manoj; Agarwal, R. C.; Dey, Sanjay; Rai, V. K.; Johnson, Benito. Jawahar Lal Nehru Cancer
Hospital and Research Centre, Bhopal, India. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research (2009), 1(1), 56-60.
Publisher: International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, CODEN: IJCPIC http://www.ijcpr.org/Vol1Issue1/160.pdf
SciFinder (R))
Abstract
The present study describes the anti-microbial activity of Terminalia chebula Retz. fruit ext. against microorganism. Bacillus
subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus flexineria and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa. For this purpose aq. ext. of fruit were prepd. and tested by "Disc Diffusion Method". As a result of this study it was
found that the ext. of fruit generally revealed anti-microbial activity against both gram-pos. bacteria (B. subtilis, S. aureus and S.
epidermis) and gram-neg. bacteria (E. coli, S. flexineria and P. aeruginosa).
Answer 206:
Antimicrobial, cytotoxicity and phytochemical screening of Jordanian plants used in traditional medicine. Talib,
Wamidh H.; Mahasneh, Adel M. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Jordan, Amman,
Jordan. Molecules (2010), 15 1811-1824. Publisher: Molecular Diversity Preservation International, CODEN: MOLEFW ISSN:
1420-3049. http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/15/3/1811/pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in English. CAN 153:489470
Abstract
Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of 51 exts. of different parts of 14 plants were studied. EtOH, MeOH, aq., butanol, and
n-hexane exts. were tested against 3 Gram neg., 2 Gram pos. bacteria, and 2 fungi. Cytotoxicity and phytochem. screening were
detd. using MTT and TLC assays, resp. Of the 51 exts., 22 showed activities against different microorganisms with MICs ranging
from 62.5 to 1000 g/mL. The highest activity (100% inhibition) was for a butanol ext. of Rosa damascena receptacles against
Salmonella typhimurium and Bacillus cereus (MIC of 62.5 and 250 g/mL) resp. Butanol ext. of Narcissus tazetta aerial parts and
aq. ext. of Rosa damascena receptacles were both active against Candida albicans (MIC of 125 g/mL). Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited by butanol, aq. exts. of Rosa damascena receptacles and butanol ext. of Inula viscosa
flowers (MIC of 500, 500, and 250 g/mL) resp. Rosa damascena receptacles and Verbascum sinaiticum flowers EtOH ext.
showed lowest cytoxicity against Vero cell line (IC50 of 454.11 and 367.11). Most toxic was the EtOH ext. of Ononis hirta aerial
parts (IC50 72.50 g/mL). Flavonoids and terpenoids were present in all plants. Ononis hirta and Narcissus tazetta contained
alkaloids. The results validate the use of these plants and report for the 1st time bioactivity of Rosa damascena receptacles and
further justifies the use of such screening programs in the quest for new drugs.
Answer 207:
A comparative study of the antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity and total content of phenolic compounds of
cell cultures and wild plants of three endemic species of Ephedra. Parsaeimehr, Ali; Sargsyan, Elmira; Javidnia,
Katayoun. G.S. Davtyan Institute of Hydroponics Problems, National Academy of Sciences Republic of Armenia, Yerevan,
Armenia. Molecules (2010), 15 1668-1678. Publisher: Molecular Diversity Preservation International, CODEN: MOLEFW
ISSN: 1420-3049. http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/15/3/1668/pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in English. CAN
Abstract
Investigations were carried out to det. antimicrobial and antioxidant properties and total phenol content of three wild species of
Ephedra compared with their resp. callus cultures. OLtCallus induction was performed in a std. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium
with the following hormonal ranges (mg/L) for every species NAA:1.5, Kin:1 for Ephedra strobilacea, NAA:2, Kin:1 for Ephedra
procera and NAA:2, Kin:0.5 for Ephedra pachyclada. These ranges of PGPR (Plant Growth Promote Regulators) were chosen
based on callus induction rates, RGR (Relative Growth Rate) and their fresh wts. An antimicrobial test against five Gram neg. and
two Gram pos. bacteria and two fungi was performed using the disk diffusion method. All methanolic exts. showed antimicrobial
activity, but the antimicrobial activity of the callus cultures was lower than those of the wild plants. E. strobilacea showed the
highest antimicrobial activity, and all methanolic exts. of the wild plants and callus cultures unexpectedly showed the highest
antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) test was conducted to
evaluate exts. for antioxidant activity. E. strobilacea with 1.61  0.08 mmol eq quercetin/g ext. and 0.278  0.02 mmol eq
quercetin/g ext. for the wild plant and callus, resp., showed the highest results. The total phenol content of exts. was measured by
a Folin Ciocalteau test. All the species displayed phenol contents but E. strobilacea had the highest amt. (504.9  41.51 mol eq
catechin/g exts. and 114.61  15.13 mol eq catechin/g exts. for the wild plants and callus, resp.).
Answer 208:
Fatty Acids, Tocopherols, Phenolics and the Antimicrobial Effect of Sclerocarya birrea Kernels with Different Harvesting
Dates. Mariod, Abdalbasit Adam; Matthaeus, Bertrand; Idris, Yousif M. A.; Abdelwahab, Siddig Ibrahim. Department of Food
Science and Technology, College of Agricultural Studies, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum North, Sudan.
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society (2010), 87(4), 377-384. Publisher: Springer, CODEN: JAOCA7 ISSN: 0003-021X.
Abstract
Oil extd. from the kernel of Sclerocarya birrea with different harvesting dates was studied in terms of the oil content, fatty acids,
tocopherols, phenolic compds. and antimicrobial activity. A quant. increase in the oil content was obsd. to reach 63.0% at the end
of the last harvesting date. The percentage of total fatty acids had altered and palmitic acid content was found to be 16.8% at the
first date of harvesting and dropping for the rest of the dates to reach 14.6% by the end of the harvesting process. In the same
manner, stearic acid was found to be 15.2% at the first date and this dropped dramatically to reach 8.8% by the end of the
harvesting, while oleic and linoleic acids increased from 58.9 and 4.3% to 67.3 and 5.9%, resp. Alpha and gamma tocopherols
decreased rapidly, whereas the -tocopherol and -tocotrienol were 4.8 and 4.9 mg/100 g, resp. at the beginning and had
disappeared completely by the last harvesting date. Total phenolic and flavonoid content increased continuously through the
different harvesting dates. Sclerocarya birrea kernel oil was effective in inhibiting the growth of three out of four bacterial strains
tested. This inhibitory effect was less than that of the control.
Answer 209:
Isolation of annonacin from the fruit pulp of Asimina triloba. Potts, Lisa F.; Luzzio, Frederick A.; Litvan, Irene; Bogdanov,
Bogdan. Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA. Abstracts of Papers, 239th
ACS National Meeting, San Francisco, CA, United States, March 21-25, 2010 (2010), ORGN-288. Publisher: American
Chemical Society, Washington, D. C CODEN: 69MML8 Conference; Meeting Abstract; Computer Optical Disk written in English.
Abstract
The Annonaceous acetogenins are a class of natural products isolated from the plant family Annonacea and exhibit a broad range
of biol. activity, including anticancer, antimicrobial, pesticidal and neurotoxic. Within the class of Annonaceous acetogenins is
annonacin, a lipophilic mitochondrial complex I inhibitor which is more toxic than rotenone in mammalian neurons and promotes
microtubule-assocd. protein tau aggregation and nigrostriatal neuronal death in vitro and in vivo. The Parkinsons-like neurotoxicity
assocd. with consumption of the fruit of Annona muricata (the soursop), has been traced to the occurrence of annonacin in the
fruit exts. Using mass spectroscopy and NMR methods, we found that annonacin is present in the fruit pulp of the North
American paw paw Asimina triloba in sufficient quantities to support ongoing neurol. studies and have developed a protocol for
extg. and isolating the material in reasonable purity. The materials, methods and protocols for extn. of the natural material from
Asimina triloba will be presented.
Answer 210:
Review of antimicrobial activities of plant-derived edible compounds against susceptible and antibiotic-resistant
foodborne pathogens. Friedman, Mendel; Levin, Carol E. Produce Safety and Microbiology, Western Regional Research
Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Albany, CA, USA. Abstracts of Papers, 239th ACS National Meeting, San
Francisco, CA, United States, March 21-25, 2010 (2010), AGRO-11. Publisher: American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C
CODEN: 69MML8 Conference; Meeting Abstract; Computer Optical Disk written in English. AN 2010:336891 CAPLUS
Abstract
Consumers are concerned with the growing no. of foodborne illness outbreaks caused by some pathogens. The antibiotic
resistance assocd. with foodborne infections is another concern. For these reasons, there has been interest in developing new
types of effective and safe antimicrobial compds. derived from natural sources. As part of an effort designed to develop
antimicrobial food formulations that will protect both the food and the consumer against pathogenic bacteria, we evaluated the
bactericidal activities of .apprx.300 potential antimicrobials: essential oils, oil components, phenolic benzaldehydes and benzoic
acids, tea catechins and theaflavins, teas, wine compds., wines, and chitosan against one or more of the following foodborne
pathogens: Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes,
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, Salmonella enterica, and Staphylococcus aureus. In this presentation, we will
describe antibiotic activities of different classes of plant compds. based on data from collaborative studies and the literature. The
data show that many of phytochems. and plant exts. are highly active against both non-resistant (susceptible) and
antibiotic-resistant bacteria in buffers and in contaminated liq. and solid foods. Mechanisms of antibiotic effects will also be
discussed. Future studies should further define their effectiveness in human foods and animal feeds and as disinfectants of
fruits, vegetables, fruit and vegetable juices, meats, seafood, and dairy foods as well as in contaminated non-food items such as
cutting boards.
Answer 211:
Studies on the antimicrobial potential of Hygrophila spinosa (Acanthaceae). Das, J. K.; Chatterjee, P.; Azaharruddin, Md.;
Mondal, A.; Sarkar, N.; Adhikary, S.; Kandar, C. C.; Choudhury, S. Institute of Pharmacy, West Bengal, India. Natural
Products: An Indian Journal (2009), 5(4), 223-225. Publisher: Trade Science Inc., CODEN: NPAREX ISSN: 0974-7508. Journal
Abstract
Hygrophila spinosa is used widely in ayurveda to treat a no. of ailments; it is also used as vegetable in the study area and is also
used in the folk medicine of different casts and tribes in the vicinity of the study area. In our present work, we have investigated
the basic phytochem. profile of the plant along with its antimicrobial potential. The plant ext. showed significant antimicrobial
activity as compared with std. ciprofloxacin. The preliminary phytochem. screening showed the presence of glycoside, alkaloid,
phenolic compds., proteins, tannins etc. in the exts. tested.
Answer 212:
Chemical and biological studies on Centella asiatica (Umbelliferae). Deb, S.; Sharma, U.; Das, J. K.; Adikary, S.; Kandar,
C. C.; Choudhury, S. Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, West Bengal, India. Natural Products: An
Indian Journal (2009), 5(4), 202-205. Publisher: Trade Science Inc., CODEN: NPAREX ISSN: 0974-7508. Journal written in
Abstract
Centella asiatica (Umbelliferae) is commonly known as Asiatic Pennywort and has a wide range of use in ayurveda and in other
traditional system of medicine, starting from brain tonic to antihypertensive, antitubercular etc. The main chem. constituents of
the plant are saponins (brahmoside, asiaticoside etc.), alkaloids (hydrocotyline), bitter principle (vellarin) etc. In the present work,
we have studied the preliminary phytoconstituents of the plant along with its In vitro antioxidant activity, antimicrobial and wound
healing potential. In the all the studies, the ethanolic ext. of the plant showed significant pos. result as compared with that of std.
Answer 213:
Screening and identification of two rare actinomycetes exhibiting antimicrobial activity. Wei, Yuzhen; Zhang, Yuqin; Li,
Qiuping; Yu, Liyan; Zhang, Yueqin. Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking
Union Medical College, Beijing, Peop. Rep. China. Shengwuxue Zazhi (2009), 26(5), 7-9. Publisher: Shengwuxue Zazhishe,
CODEN: SHEZE8 ISSN: 1008-9632. Journal written in Chinese. CAN 153:109752 AN 2010:314097 CAPLUS (Copyright
Abstract
A batch of antibacterial strains were isolated from soil samples collected from medicinal plants rhizosphere. The strain 45725
showed strong activity of inhibiting the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis, and the isolate 06-2230 strongly inhibited the growth
of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Both of the strains 45725 and 06-2230 showed good growth on the tested media, such as yeast-malt
ext. agar (ISP2), oatmeal agar (ISP3), inorg. salts and starch agar (ISP4), glycerol-asparagine agar (ISP5) ad potato ext. agar
(PDA). On these media, the substance hyphae of the two strains grew well without aerial hyphae. The optimum growth temp. and
the optimum growth pH range are was 28C and pH 7.0-7.5, resp. In view of morphol., physiol. and biochem. characteristics,
chemotaxonomic data, phylogenetic anal. based on 16S rRNA gene sequence and DNA-DNA hybridization results, the studied
strains belonged two different species of the genus Actinopolymorpha.
Answer 214:
Cruciferous plants: phytochemical toxicity versus cancer chemoprotection. Assayed, Mohamed E.; Abd El-Aty, A. M.
Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences,
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA. Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry (2009), 9(13), 1470-1478. Publisher:
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., CODEN: MMCIAE ISSN: 1389-5575. Journal; General Review written in English. CAN
Abstract
A review. The Cruciferae (also known as the Brassicaceae) are the family of plants that include the various familiar members of
the species Brassica oleracea (e.g., broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, Brussels sprouts) as well as many other plants that are
widely consumed in various parts of the world. Forage and root brassicas are widely used as winter feeds for cattle and sheep. A
striking and characteristic chem. property of cruciferous plants is their high content of glucosinolates (more than 120 types), which
often approaches 1% or more of their dry wt. The interest devoted to this group of natural products is caused by the appreciable
biol. effects of both the intact glucosinolates (GSLs) and esp. the complex group of glucosinolate transformation products
produced in non-enzymic and enzymic reactions. Depending on the concn. and structural types of these compds., their biol.
effects can be toxic, anti-nutritional or beneficial to health. Most serious economic problems in livestock seem to result from
rapeseed meal; arising from GSLs or their breakdown products. In contrast, GSLs and their isothiocyanate (ITC) hydrolysis
products are reportedly well-known protectors against carcinogenesis. GSLs play further protective and evolutionarily important
roles in plants. These include allelopathy (suppression of growth of neighboring plants), specific pos. and neg. feeding cues for
some insects and broad antibiotic properties including nematocidal, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiprotozoal and insecticidal activities.
The controversy in the referred actions contributed to crucifers' phytochems. has been exclusively discussed.
Answer 215:
Characterisation of Argentinean honeys and evaluation of its inhibitory action on Escherichia coli growth. Fangio,
Maria Florencia; Iurlina, Miriam Ofelia; Fritz, Rosalia. CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas),
Argentina, Departamento de Quimica, Facultad de Cizencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argent.
International Journal of Food Science and Technology (2010), 45(3), 520-529. Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell, CODEN: IJFTEZ
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the physicochem., sensory and Escherichia coli growth inhibitory characteristics of honey of
different botanical sources from two geog. origin of Argentina. Honeys were obtained from apiaries located in two zones. The
floral identification of honeys allowed to clustered them as monofloral, mixed and polyfloral honeys. The study of the
physicochem. parameters such as color, free acidity, pH and moisture showed that the last one reflected significant differences
between honeys. These differences were markedly reflected in the av. values of moisture content for each zone, being 18.96%
and 14.29% to center and east zone, resp. In general, honeys evaluated presented an inhibitory effect on the E. coli growth at
different periods of time (bacteriostatic action). Only, two of the samples would show a bactericide action against E. coli at 48 h of
incubation. Honeys with higher non-hydrogen peroxide activity, were collected from a same geog. place at the same season of
year, showing a relationship between the antimicrobial activity and the geog. origin, which could be assocd. with the typical flora of
the place.
Answer 216:
Animal feed additive containing powder and extract of Rhus chinensis. Kim, Gwon Hoe; Jeon, Yong Su; Cho, Seong Su;
Kim, Gon Seop. (Yangsung Green Bio Co., Ltd., S. Korea). Repub. Korean Kongkae Taeho Kongbo (2010), 27pp. CODEN:
KRXXA7 KR 2010024804 A 20100308 Patent written in Korean. Application: KR 2008-83523 20080826. Priority: KR

KR 2010024804 A 20100308 KR 2008-83523 20080826
KR 2008-83523 20080826
Abstract
The invention provides animal feed additive contg. powder and ext. of Rhus chinensis. A hot water extn. method of Rhus
chinensis comprises pulverizing Rhus chinensis, adding to distd. water, extg. at 60C for 16 h, re-extg. at 100C for 1 h,
recovering effective component, and vacuum-concg. in a 80C warm water tank with a vacuum concentrator. Antimicrobial
components obtained from Rhus chinensis are kept. Powder or ext. of Rhus chinensis are mixed in animal feed to substitute for
antibiotics. Antimicrobial activity of natural medicinal plants can be maximized. The abuse of antibiotics can be prevented. The
powder or ext. of Rhus chinensis is continuously fed to animals, and thus the infection of bacterial disease can be effectively
prevented and treated. As a result, safe and high-quality meat can be supplied. Therefore, health is improved, and meat
consumption is promoted.
Answer 217:
In vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts and compounds of some selected medicinal plants from Cameroon. Mbosso,
Emmanuel Jean Teinkela; Ngouela, Silvere; Nguedia, Jules Clement Assob; Beng, Veronique Penlap; Rohmer, Michel; Tsamo,
Etienne. Laboratoire de Substances Naturelles et Synthese Organique, Departement de Chimie Organique, Faculte des Sciences,
Universite de Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2010), 128(2), 476-481. Publisher: Elsevier
Ireland Ltd., CODEN: JOETD7 ISSN: 0378-8741. Journal written in English. AN 2010:304895 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011
Abstract
Seven exts. and eight compds. from four selected Cameroonian medicinal plants, Solanecio mannii Hook f. (Asteraceae),
Monodora myristica Dunal (Annonaceae), Albizia gummifera (J.F. Gmel) C.A. Smith (Fabaceae/Mimosoideae) and Glyphaea brevis
(Spreng) Monachino (Tiliaceae), traditionally used for the treatment of hepatitis, parasites and other infectious diseases, were
tested in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against Gram-pos. (5 species) and Gram-neg. (4 species) bacteria species and
pathogenic yeasts (2 Candida species), to establish whether or not they have antimicrobial activity and to validate scientifically
their use in traditional medicine. The agar disk diffusion and the microbroth diln. methods were used to det. the zone of inhibition
between the edge of the filter paper and the edge of the inhibition area (IZ) and the minimal inhibitory concn. (MIC) resp. The most
active exts. against Candida albicans and Candida krusei were resp. the cyclohexane ext. from the fruits of Monodora myristica
and the Et acetate ext. from the stem bark of Albizia gummifera (MIC = 6.3 g/mL for both exts.). The lowest MIC value (1.6
g/mL) for purified compds. was obtained on Candida albicans with a mixt. of linear aliph. primary alcs. (n-C24H50O to
n-C30H62O), with n-hexacosanol (1b) as major compd. and mixt. of fatty acid esters of diunsatd. linear 1,2-diols (6). These
results afford ground informations for the potential use of the crude exts. of these species as well as of some of the isolated
compds. in bacterial and fungal infections.
Answer 218:
Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Kurz.: phytochemical and pharmacological profile: a review. Kamboj, Anjoo; Saluja, Ajay
Kumar. Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, India. Pharmacognosy Reviews (2009), 3(6), 364-374.
Publisher: Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, CODEN: PRHEEV ISSN: 0973-7847.
http://www.phcogrev.com/article.asp?issn=0973-7847;year=2009;volume=3;issue=6;spage=364;epage=374;aulast=Kamboj;type=2
Abstract
A review. Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Kurz (Crassulaceae) is a perennial herb growing widely and used in folkloric medicine in
tropical Africa, tropical America, India, China, and Australia. The divine herb contains a wide range of active compds., including
alkaloids, triterpenes, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, bufadienolides, lipids and org. acids, have been isolated from this species.
The plant is widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of variety of ailments and well known for its hemostatic and
wound healing properties. The pharmacol. studies are reviewed and discussed, focussing on that different exts. from this plant
have been found to possess pharmacol. activities as immunomodulator, CNS depressant, analgesic, antimicrobial,
antiinflammatory, antiallergic, antianaphylactic, antileishmanial, antitumorous, antiulcerous, antibacterial, antifungal, antihistamine,
antiviral, febrifuge, gastroprotective, immunosuppressive, insecticidal, muscle relaxant, sedative. However, future efforts should
conc. more on in vitro and in vivo studies and also on clin. trials in order to confirm traditional wisdom in the light of a rational
phytotherapy. The present review is an attempt to highlight the various ethnopharmacol. and traditional uses as well as
phytochem. and pharmacol. aspects of B. pinnatum and to discuss them.
Answer 219:
Effect of ethnomedicinal plants used in folklore medicine in Jordan as antibiotic resistant inhibitors on Escherichia coli.
Darwish, Rula M.; Aburjai, Talal A. Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmacy,
University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2010), 10 No pp. given. Publisher:
BioMed Central Ltd., CODEN: BCAMCV ISSN: 1472-6882. http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1472-6882-10-9.pdf
SciFinder (R))
Abstract
Escherichia coli occurs naturally in the human gut; however, certain strains that can cause infections, are becoming resistant to
antibiotics. Multidrug-resistant E.coli that produce extended-spectrum  lactamases (ESBLs), such as the CTX-M enzymes, have
emerged within the community setting as an important cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and bloodstream infections may be
assocd. with these community-onsets. This is the first report testing the antibiotic resistance-modifying activity of nineteen
Jordanian plants against multidrug-resistant E.coli. The susceptibility of bacterial isolates to antibiotics was tested by detg. their
min. inhibitory concns. (MICs) using a broth microdilution method. Nineteen Jordanian plant exts. (Capparis spinosa L., Artemisia
herba-alba Asso, Echinops polyceras Boiss., Gundelia tournefortii L, Varthemia iphionoides Boiss. & Blanche, Eruca sativa Mill.,
Euphorbia macroclada L., Hypericum trequetrifolium Turra, Achillea santolina L., Mentha longifolia Host, Origanum syriacum L.,
Phlomis brachydo(Boiss.) Zohary, Teucrium polium L., Anagyris foetida L., Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Thea sinensis L.,
Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Lepidium sativum L., Pimpinella anisum L.) were combined with antibiotics, from different classes, and the
inhibitory effect of the combinations was estd. Methanolic exts. of the plant materials enhanced the inhibitory effects of
chloramphenicol, neomycin, doxycycline, cephalexin and nalidixic acid against both the std. strain and to a lesser extent the
resistant strain of E. coli. Two edible plant exts. (Gundelia tournefortii L. and Pimpinella anisum L.) generally enhanced activity
against resistant strain. Some of the plant exts. like Origanum syriacum L.(Labiateae), Trigonella foenum- graecum
L.(Leguminosae), Euphorbia macroclada (Euphorbiaceae) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (Malvaceae) did not enhance the activity of
amoxicillin against both std. and resistant E.coli. On the other hand combinations of amoxicillin with other plant exts.
used showed variable effect between std. and resistant strains. Plant exts. like Anagyris foetida (Leguminosae) and
Lepidium sativum (Umbelliferae) reduced the activity of amoxicillin against the std. strain but enhanced the activity
against resistant strains. Three edible plants; Gundelia tournefortii L. (Compositae) Eruca sativa Mill. (Cruciferae),
and Origanum syriacum L. (Labiateae), enhanced activity of clarithromycin against the resistant E.coli strain. This
study probably suggests possibility of concurrent use of these antibiotics and plant exts. in treating infections caused
by E.coli or at least the concomitant administration may not impair the antimicrobial activity of these antibiotics.
Answer 220:
Antimicrobial efficacies of plant extracts and sodium nitrite against Clostridium botulinum. Cui, Haiying; Gabriel, Alonzo
A.; Nakano, Hiroyuki. Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima
University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Japan. Food Control (2010), 21(7), 1030-1036. Publisher: Elsevier
Ltd., CODEN: FOOCEV ISSN: 0956-7135. Journal written in English. AN 2010:296082 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS
on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the antibotulinal activities of some plant exts., alone or in combination with nitrite (NaNO2).
Water- and 99.5% ethanol-sol. exts. (1:9 plant material wt.-by-solvent vol., 25 C, 48 h) of 90 kinds of fresh and dehydrated herbs
and spices were tested. The aq. ext. of clove and alc. exts. of lemon eucalyptus, mace and licorice exhibited greater antibotulinal
activities in TPGY medium with MIC ranging from 0.05% to 0.2%. However in TPGY, only the aq. ext. of Coptis rhizome exhibited
synergistic antibotulinal activity with NaNO2, reducing the individual MIC of NaNO2 from 6-8 ppm to 2 ppm with 0.05% Coptis ext.
In a model meat food, the alc.-sol. exts. of nutmeg (0.05%) and sage (0.02%), and the aq. fraction of clove ext. (0.05%) exhibited
antibotulinal activities in combination with 10 ppm NaNO2. The obsd. synergy between plant exts. and NaNO2 that resulted in
lower MIC of both additives have significant repercussion in the control of botulism in minimally processed meat products without
compromising organoleptic properties.
Answer 221:
Plant extracts with antimicrobial and antiseptic activities. Kim, Mu Seong; Park, Yong Dae; Jang, In Hwan; Lee, Eun Jin;
Lee, Sang Rin. (Macrocare Tech, Ltd., S. Korea). Repub. Korean Kongkae Taeho Kongbo (2010), 16pp. CODEN: KRXXA7
KR 2010023478 A 20100304 Patent written in Korean. Application: KR 2008-82257 20080822. Priority: KR 2008-82257

KR 2010023478 A 20100304 KR 2008-82257 20080822
KR 2008-82257 20080822
Abstract
The invention relates to a compn. contg. plant ext. with antimicrobial and antiseptic activities and its application. The compn.
contains exts. of Myristica fragrans, Eugenia aromatica, Eucalyptus alba and Citrus paradisi. The compn. has wide antimicrobial
spectrum against various bacteria, fungi and yeast such as acne bacteria and scurf fungus, antioxidn. activity, and no toxicity,
and can be used in various cosmetics, food, medicinal products, agricultural chems. and household goods.
Answer 222:
The antimicrobial activity of essential oil and plant extracts of Woodfordia fruticosa. Kaur, Rajandeep; Kaur, Harpreet.
CT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jalandhar, India. Archives of Applied Science Research (2010), 2(1), 302-309.
Publisher: Scholars Research Library, CODEN: AASRC9 ISSN: 0975-508X.
Abstract
The essential oil of Woodfordia fruticosa obtained by hydrodistn. was characterized. The main components present in the essential
oil of leaves are sesquiterpenoids (-caryophyllene, -curcumene, germacrene-D, -selinene, elemol); and monoterpenoids
(-pinene, 2,6 di-Me 1,3,5,7 octatetraene). The antibacterial activity of the essential oil was evaluated. The essential oil was most
active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. The plant exts. of Woodfordia fruticosa was evaluated for
antimicrobial activity. The hexane ext. was found to be most active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Answer 223:
Chemical composition, angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the
essential oil from Periploca laevigata root barks. Hajji, Mohamed; Masmoudi, Ons; Souissi, Nabil; Triki, Yosra; Kammoun,
Sadok; Nasri, Moncef. Laboratoire de Genie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Ecole Nationale d'Ingenieurs de Sfax, Sfax,
Tunisia. Food Chemistry (2010), 121(3), 724-731. Publisher: Elsevier Ltd., CODEN: FOCHDJ ISSN: 0308-8146. Journal
Abstract
The present study describes the chem. compn., and antimicrobial, antioxidant and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)
inhibitory activities of essential oil from Periploca laevigata root barks (PLRB), an arom. plant widely distributed in Tunisia and used
as a traditional medicinal plant. Gas chromatog./mass spectrometry was used to det. the compn. of the PLRB oil. Forty-three
components were identified in the essential oil and the main compds. were benzaldehyde (56%), Me 4-methoxysalicylate (6.55%)
and carvacrol (4.75%). The PLRB essential oil exhibited a dose-dependent manner of inhibitory activity toward ACE. The highest
ACE inhibitory activity (54%) was obsd. at a concn. of 30 g/mL. The PLRB oil was also found to possess antioxidant activities,
as evaluated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method, -carotene bleaching and reducing power assays. The
antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was also investigated on several microorganisms. The inhibition zones and minimal
inhibitory concn. (MIC) values of bacterial strains were in the range of 12-46 mm and 50-300 g/mL, resp. The inhibitory activity
of the PLRB essential oil against Gram-pos. bacteria was significantly higher than against Gram-neg. It also exhibited remarkable
activity against several fungal strains. Our findings demonstrate that the essential oil from P. laevigata might be a good candidate
for further investigations of new bioactive substances.
Answer 224:
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Hyssopus angustifolius M.B. Saeedi, Majid;
Morteza-Semnani, Katayoun. Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences,
Sari, Iran. Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants (2009), 12(1), 111-119. Publisher: Har Krishan Bhalla & Sons, CODEN:
JEOPFB ISSN: 0972-060X. Journal written in English. CAN 152:401156 AN 2010:285829 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011
Abstract
The essential oil of the dried flowering aerial parts of Hyssopus angustifolius M.B. (Lamiaceae) collected from the suburb of Sari,
Mazandaran Province, North of Iran, in May 2007, were isolated by hydrodistn. and analyzed by means of GC and GC-MS. The
major components of H. angustifolius oil were dehydro-linalool (16.9%), -phellandrene (9.4%) and -pinene (7.9%). The
antimicrobial activity of H. angustifolius oil was studied using the disk diffusion method and detn. of minimal inhibitory concn.
(MIC) values against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Aspergilus niger and Candida albicans. The H. angustifolius oil exhibited concn.-dependent antibacterial activity on all bacteria
tested. The essential oil did not show antifungal activity against fungi.
Answer 225:
Identification of essential oil components of Ferula badrakema fruits by GC-MS and 13C-NMR methods and evaluation of
its antimicrobial activity. Asili, Javad; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Bazzaz, Bibi Sedigheh Fazly; Sharifi, Sirus; Iranshahi, Mehrdad.
Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS),
Mashhad, Iran. Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants (2009), 12(1), 7-15. Publisher: Har Krishan Bhalla & Sons, CODEN:
Abstract
The essential oil of the fruits of Ferula badrakema was obtained by hydrodistn. and analyzed by GC, GC-MS and 13C-NMR
spectroscopy. Seventy-four components, representing 98.2 % of the oil were characterized. The major components of the fruits
oil were -pinene (45.8 %), -pinene (10.9 %), cis-isolongifolanone (4.1 %), -phellandrene (2.7 %), myrcene (2.4 %), and carvacrol
Me ether (2.4 %). The min. inhibitory concns. (MICs) of the essential oil and -pinene, -pinene as authentic compds. were detd.
using broth diln. method against four bacteria and one fungus. The essential oil of the fruits was moderately active against
Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus as gram pos. bacteria, and Candida albicans as fungal strain with 3.125 mg/mL, 12.5
mg/mL and 6.25 mg/mL MICs, resp. The gram neg. bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) appeared not to be
susceptible to inhibitory effects of this essential oil.
Answer 226:
Isolation, antimicrobial activity and identification of endophytic actinomycetes associated with medicinal plants. Qin,
Sheng; Zhao, Lixing; Chen, Yun; Zhao, Guozhen; Li, Jie; Zhu, Wenyong; Huang, Haiyu; Xu, Lihua. Yunnan Province Key
Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming,
Peop. Rep. China. Weishengwuxue Tongbao (2009), 36(11), 1693-1699. Publisher: Weishengwuxue Tongbao Bianjibu,
CODEN: WSWPDI ISSN: 0253-2654. Journal written in Chinese. CAN 153:109743 AN 2010:283711 CAPLUS (Copyright
Abstract
272 Endophytic actinomycetes were isolated from different medicinal plants collected from tropical rainforest in Xishuangbanna of
Yunnan province. By antimicrobial screening, the fermn. broth of 146 strains inhibited the tested pathogenetic strains, and 94 or
127 out of the 272 endophytic actinomycetes strains showed inhibition activity against pathogenetic bacteria or fungi. The strain
YIM 61470 exhibited extensive antagonism against pathogenic microbes. Based on the morphol. characteristics, cultural
characteristics, physiol. characteristics, chemotaxonomic data and 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity anal., strain YIM 61470
was identified as Streptomyces hydrogenans, a known species of the genus Streptomyces.
Answer 227:
Assaying the variation in secondary metabolites of St. John's wort for its better use as an antibiotic. Nikolic, Goran S.;
Zlatkovic, Sasa Z. Faculty of Technology, Leskovac, Serbia. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research (2010), 4(3), 211-224.
Publisher: Academic Journals, CODEN: JMPRB6 ISSN: 1996-0875.
http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR/PDF/pdf2010/4Feb/Nikolic%20and%20Zlatkovic.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written
in English. AN 2010:279657 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
The present study is aimed at investigating the effects of variation in secondary metabolites of St. John's wort for its better use
as an antibiotic. The seasonal dynamics investigation of St. John's wort secondary metabolites was carried out on annual, biennial
and triennial wild-growing plants of the suburban localities, and on the indigenous perennial plants of the mountainous localities. The
effects of variation in secondary metabolites of the plant material were monitored using a complex antimicrobial prepn. imanin. As
plant secondary metabolites, imanin was isolated from flowers and leaves of St. John's wort by aq.-alk. extn. The quality of
imanin contained in St. John's wort was detd. by FTIR and HPLC methods. The imanin exts. were tested for antimicrobial activity
against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Bacillus diphteriae, Bacillus tetani, Clostridium histolyticus, Bacillus
mesentericus and Bacillus mycoides. The quant. effects of temp. and light intensity on imanin accumulations in St. John's wort
were examd. depending on the sampling periods and location. The results of antimicrobial activity and quant. effects of climatic
conditions were correlated with vegetation phases of hypericum plants.
Answer 228:
Plant disease control agents containing Burkholderia, and their foliar application for plant disease control.
Yoneyama, Katsumi; Kurahashi, Yoshio. (Meiji University, Japan). Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho (2010), 13pp. CODEN: JKXXAF
JP 2010047532 A 20100304 Patent written in Japanese. Application: JP 2008-214168 20080822. Priority: JP 2008-214168

JP 2010047532 A 20100304 JP 2008-214168 20080822
JP 2008-214168 20080822
Abstract
The plant disease control agents contg. Burkholderia having antimicrobial activity against plant pathogens are applied to leaf
surfaces of plants for plant disease control. Tea gray blight (Pestalotiopsis longiseta) in cut damaged tea leaves was 98%
controlled by immersion of the cut leaves in liq. contg. 107-8 cfu/mL of Burkholderia gladioli Ant-3 strain (NITE P-607), identified
by 16S rDNA sequence, before inoculation with P. longiseta.
Answer 229:
Antifungal activities of Ocimum sanctum essential oil and its lead molecules. Khan, Amber; Ahmad, Aijaz; Manzoor,
Nikhat; Khan, Luqman A. Department of Biosciences, New Delhi, India. Natural Product Communications (2010), 5(2),
345-349. Publisher: Natural Product Inc., CODEN: NPCACO ISSN: 1934-578X. Journal written in English. CAN 152:343177
Abstract
Aq. exts. and oils of five Indian medicinal plants, traditionally used for their antimicrobial activities, were evaluated against two of
the most prevalent Candida species causing candidiasis, C. albicans and C. tropicalis. Of these plant materials, three showed
varying degrees of antifungal activity against both species. Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) essential oil (TEO) was found to be the
most effective, followed by Peppermint essential oil, and Aloe vera aq. leaf ext. The product with the lowest MIC was further
studied along with its lead mols. to explore the possible mechanism of action of the most active constituents. Eugenol, Me
eugenol, linalool, and 1,8-cineole, along with TEO were then evaluated at the same. The pattern and extent of inhibition was studied
using growth and WST1 cytotoxicity assays. Proton pumps are important for growth and metab. of Candida species and so H+
extrusion studies were performed to explore the possible mechanism of the test compds. Linalool was the most active constituent
of TEO, whereas inhibition of H+ extrusion appeared to be a synergistic function of the lead mols.
Answer 230:
Foeniculum vulgare essential oils: chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Miguel, Maria Graca;
Cruz, Claudia; Faleiro, Leonor; Simoes, Mariana T. F.; Figueiredo, Ana Cristina; Barroso, Jose G.; Pedro, Luis G. Faculdade de
Engenharia e Recursos Naturais, Centro de Desenvolvimento de Ciencias e Tecnicas de Producao Vegetal, Universidade do
Algarve, Faro, Port. Natural Product Communications (2010), 5(2), 319-328. Publisher: Natural Product Inc., CODEN:
NPCACO ISSN: 1934-578X. Journal written in English. AN 2010:264073 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder
(R))
Abstract
The essential oils from Foeniculum vulgare com. aerial parts and fruits were isolated by hydrodistn., with different distn. times (30
min, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h), and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The antioxidant ability was estd. using four distinct methods.
Antibacterial activity was detd. by the agar diffusion method. Remarkable differences, and worrying from the quality and safety
point of view, were detected in the essential oils. The trans-anethole (31-36%), -pinene (14-20%) and limonene (11-13%) were the
main components of the essentials oil isolated from F. vulgare dried aerial parts, whereas Me chavicol (= estragole) (79-88%) was
dominant in the fruit oils. With the DPPH method the plant oils showed better antioxidant activity than the fruits oils. With the
TBARS method and at higher concns., fennel essential oils showed a pro-oxidant activity. None of the oils showed a hydroxyl
radical scavenging capacity >50%, but they showed an ability to inhibit 5-lipoxygenase. The essential oils showed a very low
antimicrobial activity. In general, the essential oils isolated during 2 h were as effective, from the biol. activity point of view, as
those isolated during 3 h.
Answer 231:
Research progress of antibacterial peptide from animals. Chen, Hui-yun. State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental
Science, College of Oceanography and Environmental Science, Xianen University, Xiamen, Fujian, Peop. Rep. China. Anhui
Nongye Kexue (2008), 36(8), 3242-3343, 3282. Publisher: Anhui Nongye Kexue Bianjibu, CODEN: ANKEEN ISSN: 0517-6611.
Journal; General Review written in Chinese. CAN 153:495923 AN 2010:254750 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on
SciFinder (R))
Abstract
A review. The types and the antimicrobial activities of animal antibacterial peptides were summarized, and its application in
medicine, food and transgenic livestock and plants was discussed.
Answer 232:
Distribution, extraction and activities of the proteins from Peganum harmala L. Ning, Xuefei; Chen, Liangliang; Tang,
Haishu; Sun, Surong. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and
Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Peop. Rep. China. Tianran Chanwu Yanjiu Yu Kaifa (2009), 21(5), 800-805, 812.
Publisher: Tianran Chanwu Yanjiu Yu Kaifa Bianjibu, CODEN: TCYKE5 ISSN: 1001-6880. Journal written in Chinese. CAN
Abstract
The proteins were extd. from the roots, stems, leaves and seeds of Peganum harmala L. by using the different solvents. The
results showed that the seeds had the highest content of total protein, while the protein of vegetative organs was mainly distributed
in the leaves. The protein content of current growth seeds was significantly higher than that of stored seeds. Among the proteins
extd. from the different solvents, the components of total proteins got by NaOH extg. method was the highest percent. The
optimized buffer conditions of the protein extn. under the different NaCl concns. and the different pH buffers were 0.2 mol/L NaCl,
and pH = 7.0-8.0 resp. The detn. of antimicrobial spectrum with the crude protein obtained by ammonium sulfate fractional pptn.
indicated that the bacteriostatic action was obvious to both 5 kinds of plant pathogenic fungi, such as Alternaria alternate,
Penicillium digitatum, Botrytis cinerea, Magnaporthe grisea, and Penicillium italicum, and 6 kinds of pathogenic bacteria, such as
Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, and
Acinetobacter baumannii, esp. had a distinct antimicrobial activity to two types of fungi, Penicillium digitatum and Alternaria
alternate, with the diam. of inhibition ring was 19.50 and 18.50 mm resp., and to three types of bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae,
Shigella flexneri, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, with the diam. of inhibition ring was 10.20, 10.10, and 9.30 mm resp.
Answer 233:
Hemidesmus indicus: a review. Panchal, Gaurav A.; Panchal, Shital J.; Patel, Jagruti A. Department of Pharmacology
Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University of Science and Technology, Ahmedabad, India. Pharmacologyonline (2009), (2,
News Letters), 758-771. Publisher: University of Salerno, CODEN: PHARI3 ISSN: 1827-8620.
http://www.unisa.it/download/1966_11225_2026742297_80.Jagruti.pdf Journal; General Review; Online Computer File written in
Abstract
A review. Natural products have served as a major source of drugs for centuries and about half of the pharmaceuticals in use
today are derived from natural products. Hemidesmus indicus, also popularly known as "Anantmul" is a semi erect shrub belonging
to family Asclepiadaceae is widely distributed throughout India. It is traditionally used in dysentery, diarhhoea, skin diseases,
syphilis, dyspepsia, leucoderma, diuretic, blood purifier, burning of body, chronic fever and asthma. Pharmacol. studies carried
out with its ext. and purified compds. indicate that this plant possess antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-ulcer, antimicrobial,
anticancer, hypoglycemic, antithrombotic, antihyperlipidemic, otoprotective, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory
activities. It has been reported to possess various phytoconstituents such as hydrocarbons, glycosides, oligoglycosides,
terpenoids and steroids. In the present review attempts have been made to bring in light the potential benefits and uses of this
plant.
Answer 234:
Jasminum grandiflorum Linn (Chameli): ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology - a review. Sandeep; Paarakh,
Padmaa M. Department of Pharmacognosy, The Oxford College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India. Pharmacologyonline
(2009), (2, News Letters), 586-595. Publisher: University of Salerno, CODEN: PHARI3 ISSN: 1827-8620.
http://www.unisa.it/download/1966_11225_741253024_57.Sandeep.pdf Journal; General Review; Online Computer File written in
Abstract
A review. Jasminum grandiflorum Linn (Chameli / Yasmin; Oleaceae) is native to Tropical and warm Temperate regions and
cultivated in France, Italy, China, Japan, India, Morocco and Egypt. The plant is documented to possess beneficial effects as
odontalgic, thermogenic, aphrodisiac, antiseptic, emollient, anthelmintic, deobstruant, suppurative, tonic, in fixing loose teeth,
ulcerative stomatitis, leprosy, skin diseases, ottorrhoea, otalgia, wounds, corns and aromatherapy. Pharmacol. activities of the
plant reported so far are spasmolytic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antioxidant, antiulcer, cytoprotective, chemoprotective,
wound healing and anti-acne activity. The present review is an attempt to highlight the various ethnobotanical and traditional uses
as well as phytochem. and pharmacol. activities reported so far from J. grandiflorum.
Answer 235:
Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of Opuntia dillenii(Ker-Gawl) against urinary tract infection causing
bacteria. Kavitha, V.; Surya, S. Post Graduate Department of Biochemistry, Marudhar Kesari Jain College for women,
Vaniyambadi, India. Pharmacologyonline (2009), (2, News Letters), 524-530. Publisher: University of Salerno, CODEN:
PHARI3 ISSN: 1827-8620. http://www.unisa.it/download/1966_11225_1581012569_48.Kavitha.pdf Journal; Online Computer File
Abstract
Use of plant based drugs and chems. for curing various ailments and personal adornment is as old as human civilization. Plants
and plant-based medicaments are the basis of many of the modern pharmaceuticals we use today for our various ailments. The
aim of the study was to investigate the bioactive chem. constituents and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic ext.
of fruits skin of Opuntia dillenii, a traditionally used medicinal plant. The preliminary phytochem. screening of the fruits skin
revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, phenol compds., saponins and phytosteroids. Carbohydrate,
protein and aminoacids, fixed oil and fats were absent. The antimicrobial studies of the ext. were carried out on two clin. isolates
Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella Pneumoniae using std. drug cefixime. 200 Mg/mL in DMSO of the ext. showed inhibitory
activity with an inhibition zone of 10 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and 10 mm for Klebsiella Pneumoniae. The presence of
above said phytochems. might be responsible for these activities. The results suggest that the fruits skin contains bioactive
constituents and its antimicrobial activity justifies its use in traditional medicine.
Answer 236:
An assessment of the antimicrobial properties of extracts of various polarities from Chasmanthera dependens, Emilia
coccinea and Cuscuta australis, herbal medications for eye diseases. Okiei, W.; Ogunlesi, M.; Ademoye, M. A.
Department of Chemistry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences (2009), 9(22), 4076-4080.
Publisher: Asian Network for Scientific Information, CODEN: JASODW ISSN: 1812-5654. Journal written in English. CAN
Abstract
An assessment of the antimicrobial properties of exts. from the stem of Chasmanthera dependens, the leaves of Emilia coccinea
and the whole plant of Cuscuta australis plants which are used in the management of eye diseases in Nigeria is presented. The
50% methanol exts. were extd. sequentially with hexane, Et acetate and butanol to give fractions of various polarities which were
tested for antimicrobial properties against various microorganisms including fungal yeast, Gram-pos. and Gram-neg. bacteria,
namely Candida albicans, Bacillus subtillis, Citrobacter sp., Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922,
Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp., Salmonella typhimurium, Serratia marcescens,
Shigella flexnerii, Staphylococcus albus, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2593. The hexane fractions of
all the plants were not found to possess antimicrobial activity on any of the microorganisms tested. The Et acetate fractions of C.
dependens and E. coccinea were found to possess significant antimicrobial activity against several of the microorganisms while
that of C. australis was active against only three of the microorganisms. The butanol fraction of E. coccinea showed significant
antimicrobial activity against several of the microorganisms while those of C. dependens and C. australis were resp. active against
only two and three of the microorganisms. The results support the use of E. coccinea as a potent anti-diarrhoeal agent and the
uses of the plants as antimicrobials in herbal medicine.
Answer 237:
Purification, crystal structure and antimicrobial activity of phenazine-1-carboxamide produced by a growth-promoting

biocontrol bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MML2212. Shanmugaiah, V.; Mathivanan, N.; Varghese, B. Biocontrol
and Microbial Metabolites Lab, Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Chennai, India. Journal of
Applied Microbiology (2010), 108(2), 703-711. Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell, CODEN: JAMIFK ISSN: 1364-5072. Journal written
Abstract
Aim: To purify and characterize an antimicrobial compd. produced by a biocontrol bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MML2212,
and evaluate its activity against rice pathogens, Rhizoctonia solani and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Methods and Results:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain MML2212 isolated from the rice rhizosphere with wide-spectrum antimicrobial activity was cultured
in Kings' B broth using a fermentor for 36 h. The extracellular metabolites were isolated from the fermented broth using Et acetate
extn. and purified by two-step silica-gel column chromatog. Three fractions were sepd., of which a major compd. was obtained in
the pure state as yellow needles. It was crystd. after dissolving with chloroform followed by slow evapn. It was odorless with a
m.p. of 220-222C. It was sol. in most of org. solvents and poorly sol. in water. The mol. mass of the purified compd. was estd.
as 223.3 by mass spectral anal. Further, it was characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectral analyses. The crystal structure
of the compd. was elucidated for the first time by X-ray diffraction study and deposited in the Cambridge Crystallog. Data Center
(http://www.ccde.com.ac.uk) with the accession no. CCDC 617344. Conclusion: The crystal compd. was undoubtedly identified as
phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN) with the empirical formula of C13H9N3O. Significance and Impact of the Study: As this is the
first report on the crystal structure of PCN, it provides addnl. information to the structural chem. Furthermore, the present study
reports the antimicrobial activity of purified PCN on major rice pathogens, R. solani and X. oryzae pv. oryzae. Therefore, PCN
can be developed as an ideal agrochem. candidate for the control of both sheath blight and bacterial leaf blight diseases of rice.
Answer 238:
Streptomyces lavendulae cmc0992 (kctc 18169p) having antimicrobial activity to plant pathogens and plant pathogen
controlling agent containing the same. Shin, Jeong Gyun; Choi, Bong Jun; Shin, Myeong Uk; Park, Cho Long; Lim, Yun Mi;
Cho, Ji Hyeon. (CMC Korea Co., Ltd., S. Korea). Repub. Korean Kongkae Taeho Kongbo (2010), CODEN: KRXXA7 KR
2010017997 A 20100216 Patent written in Korean. Application: KR 2010-1518 20100108. Priority: KR 2010-1518 20100108.

KR 2010017997 A 20100216 KR 2010-1518 20100108
KR 2010-1518 20100108
Abstract
The invention relates to Streptomyces lavendulae CMC0992 (KCTC 18169P) having antimicrobial activity to plant pathogens and a
plant pathogen controlling agent containing the same. Streptomyces lavendulae CMC0992 (KCTC 18169P) can effectively control
pear scab, Botrytis leaf blight, garlic white rot, ginseng root rot, and chili anthracnose induced by Venturia nashicola, Botritis
cinerea, Sclerotium cepivorum, Cylindrocarpon destructans, Colletotrichum acutatum, etc.
Answer 239:
Pharmacological and phytochemical study on a Sisymbrium officinale Scop. extract. Di Sotto, A.; Vitalone, A.; Nicoletti,
M.; Piccin, A.; Mazzanti, G. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome,
Italy. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2010), 127(3), 731-736. Publisher: Elsevier Ireland Ltd., CODEN: JOETD7 ISSN:
Abstract
Ethnopharmacol. relevance: The aerial parts of Sisymbrium officinale Scop. are commonly used to treat airway ailments,
moreover in antiquity the herbal drug was reputed to possess anticancer properties. The results obtained in present work support
the traditional use and the properties ascribed to Sisymbrium officinale. Aim of the study: In order to give a scientific basis to the
traditional uses of Sisymbrium officinale, this study was aimed to evaluate in vitro the myorelaxant activity, the antimicrobial
properties and the antimutagenic effect of an aq. dry ext. of the aerial parts of the plant. A phytochem. characterization of the
ext. was also performed. Materials and methods: The myorelaxant activity was studied against the contractions induced by
carbachol, histamine and leukotriene C4, in isolated guinea-pig trachea. The antimicrobial activity was tested against six bacteria
and one yeast. The Ames test, performed by the preincubation method, was used to study the antimutagenic activity of the ext.
by its capability to inhibit the mutagenic effect of 2-nitrofluorene, sodium azide, Me methanesulfonate and 2-aminoanthracene, in
Salmonella typhimurium TA98, Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA strains. The chem. compn. of the
ext. was analyzed by TLC and HPLC. Results: Sisymbrium officinale showed to reduce the chem.-induced contractions of
isolated guinea-pig trachea with major potency against leukotriene C4 and histamine. The ext. did not show any antibacterial
activity. The Ames test showed a strong antimutagenic activity against 2-aminoanthracene, in Escherichia coli WP2uvrA and in
Salmonella typhimurium TA98 strains. The phytochem. study highlighted the presence of putranjivine, the glucosinolate marker of
Sisymbrium officinale, and of proline. Conclusions: The myorelaxant activity of Sisymbrium officinale offers a scientific basis to
its use in traditional medicine.
The strong antimutagenic effect suggests further studies to evaluate its possible chemopreventive activity.
Answer 240:
In vitro antimicrobial, cytotoxic and radical scavenging activities and chemical constituents of the endemic Thymus
laevigatus (Vahl). Al-Fatimi, Mohamed; Wurster, Martina; Schroder, Gudrun; Lindequist, Ulrike. Faculty of Pharmacy,
Department of Pharmacognosy, Aden University, Aden, Yemen. Records of Natural Products (2010), 4(1), 49-63.
Publisher: ACG Publications, CODEN: RNPECT ISSN: 1307-6167.
http://www.acgpubs.org/RNP/2010/Volume%204/Issue%201/5_RNP-0907-128.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in English.
Abstract
The leaves of Thymus laevigatus (Vahl), Lamiaceae (Labiatae), an endemic species of Yemen, are traditionally used in the
treatment of various disorders including stomach and respiratory system. In a first biol. and chem. study of this endemic species
we investigated antimicrobial, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of different exts. of the leaves of this plant. The preliminary
phytochem. screening of exts. compn. was performed by TLC while the compn. of the essential oil was detd. by GC-MS. Twelve
constituents were detected from the essential oil, which constituted 99.6% of the total amt. The major constituents of the oil were:
carvacrol (84.3 %), p-cymene (4.1%) p-mentha-1,4-diene (4.0%) and trans-anethole (3.6%). The main active components were
identified by TLC as carvacrol and anethole for dichloromethane ext. and as non-volatile phenols and flavonoids for the methanol
ext. The methanol, dichloromethane and aq. exts. were tested for their antimicrobial activities against five bacteria strains and six
human pathogenic fungi. Both methanol and dichloromethane showed strong activities against most human pathogenic strains. In
the contrast, methanol ext. showed broader and stronger antibacterial activities than the dichloromethane ext., esp. against the
Gram-neg. bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The methanol ext. showed the same strong radical scavenging activity in the
DPPH assay (14.9g/mL), when compared to the std. antioxidant, ascorbic acid. In contrast, the cytotoxic activity of the
methanol against FL cells, a human amniotic epithelial cell line, was only moderate (IC50 298, 8 g/mL). On the contrary, the
water ext. did not show any biol. activity. Results presented here suggest that the essential oil and exts. of Thymus laevigatus
possess strong antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, and therefore, they can be used as a natural preservative ingredient in
food and/or pharmaceutical industry.
Answer 241:
Anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of methanolic extract of Tribulus terrestris Linn plant. Baburao, B.;
Rajyalakshmi, G.; Venkatesham, A.; Kiran, G.; Sunder, A. Shyam; Rao, B. Ganga. Department of Pharmacy, University
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, India. International Journal of Chemical Sciences (2009),
7(3), 1867-1872. Publisher: Sadguru Publications, CODEN: IJCSIL ISSN: 0972-768X. Journal written in English. CAN
Abstract
Tribulus terrestris Linn is a herb of the family Zygophyllaceae, whose parts are known to be used as traditional herbal medicine to
treat various aliments such as kidney infections. The methanol ext. of Tribulus terrestris plant was screened for anti-inflammatory
and antimicrobial activity. The methanolic ext. showed a significant inhibition on the growth of Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria at
concns. of 200 g/mL and 400 g/mL, resp. A dose dependent inhibition of rat paw vol. by methanolic ext. of T. terrestris in
Carrageenan induced inflammation in rats was obsd., which is comparable with std. drug, diclofenac sodium.
Answer 242:
Comparison of chemical compositions, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of pyroligneous acids of apple branches.
Wei, Qin; Ma, Xihan; Zhu, Weihong; Zhang, Shanshan; Li, Xiaoming. College of Forestry, Northwest A+F University, Yangling,
Peop. Rep. China. Linye Kexue (2009), 45(12), 16-21. Publisher: Linye Kexue Bianjibu, CODEN: LYKSAL ISSN: 1001-7488.
Abstract
Pyroligneous acids were prepd. through pyrolysis of apple tree branch at 3 temp. ranges. Chem. components of the pyroligneous
acids were analyzed with GC-MS. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the acids were tested. The pyroligneous acids derived
with 3 temp. ranges were slightly different in chem. compns., but significantly different in the contents of each chem. component.
45 compds. were identified from the pyroligneous acid collected from lower temp. range, 100-200C( AP1), accounting for 91.26%
of the total peak area. Phenols, org. acids, ketones, and furan derivs. in the Pyroligneous acids accounted for 51.33, 18.50, 8.98,
and 7.23%, resp. 47 compds. were identified from the middle temp. range, 200-310C (AP2), accounting for 95.35% of the total
peak area. Their phenols, org. acids, ketones, and furan derivs. accounted for 24.69, 40.05, 7.52, and 12.81%, resp. The
pyroligneous acids from the high temp. range, 310-500C (AP3), had 47 compds. identified, accounting for 93.00% of the total
peak area. Their phenols, org. acids, ketones, and furan derivs. accounted for 34.66, 28.37, 12.49, and 6.93%, resp. Org. acids
had the highest content in AP2, while phenols had the highest content in AP1. All the pyroligneous acids from 3 temp. ranges
exhibited antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, with different strengths. The antimicrobial activities of three pyroligneous acids
were in an order of AP2 >AP3 >AP1. AP2 exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity, significantly different from AP3 and AP1,
and the range of EC50 to plant pathogens was 2.43-5.27 mg/mL. Antioxidant activities of three pyroligneous acids were all higher
than those of BHT and ascorbic acid, and were in an order of AP1 >AP3 >AP2. There existed a significant dose-effect relationship
in the antioxidant activity. High antimicrobial activity of AP2 and high antioxidant activity of AP1 might be related to their high
contents of org. acids and phenolic compds., resp.
Answer 243:
Plant origin of Okinawa propolis. Kumazawa, Shigenori; Nakamura, Jun; Ohta, Toshiro; Yazaki, Kazufumi; Miyagi, Tsuyoshi;
Fukumoto, Syuichi. Sch. Food Nutr. Sci., University of Shizuoka, Japan. Kagaku to Seibutsu (2010), 48(1), 35-42.
Publisher: Gakkai Shuppan Senta, CODEN: KASEAA ISSN: 0453-073X. Journal; General Review written in Japanese. CAN
Abstract
A review on the discovery of Macaranga tanarius as plant origin of Okinawa propolis, characteristics of M. tanarius contg.
prenylflavonoids, biol. activity of plant ext. such as antimicrobial activity and anti-neovascularization property, and its prospect for
applications to prophylactic or treatment of cancer.
Answer 244:
Saro (Cinnamosma fragrans baillon) essential oil: application in health and medicine. Behra, Olivier; Danthu, Pascal;
Sarter, Samira; Radaniela, Rina; Fourcade, Cesar; Randrianarivelo, Roger; Ranaivosoa, Boris; Arnal-Schnebelen, Berengere.
NGO "Man And The Environment", Tananarive, Madagascar. ACS Symposium Series (2009), 1021(African Natural Plant
Products), 485-494. Publisher: American Chemical Society, CODEN: ACSMC8 ISSN: 0097-6156. Journal written in English.
Abstract
The richness of medicinal plants of the island Madagascar is unique in the world and has largely been understudied. Saro,
Cinnamosma fragrans, is produced from a Madagascan plant which is locally well-known for its antimicrobial activities and also for
its powerful anti-poisoning effects. While searching for local strategies to enhance the value of this renewable natural resources
for the benefit of local populations and biodiversity conservation, this plant appeared as a very promising candidate with an
essential oil that could be used in many new ways. This paper presents research on the plants essential oil compn. including the
variation found across environments where the plant is endemic as well as the results of assocd. biol. tests conducted on the
essential oils' toxicity, skin and eye tolerance and on mutagenesis potential. The properties of the Saro essential oil have been
tested and show very interesting results as an antibacterial and antiviral agent and as a health protection enhancer.
Answer 245:
Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.): a review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. De Caluwe, Emmy;
Halamova, Katerina; Van Damme, Patrick. Department of Plant Production, Ghent University, Ghent, Belg. ACS
Symposium Series (2009), 1021(African Natural Plant Products), 85-110. Publisher: American Chemical Society, CODEN:
ACSMC8 ISSN: 0097-6156. Journal; General Review written in English. CAN 152:187782 AN 2010:140277 CAPLUS
Abstract
A review. Tamarind (Tamarindus indica, Fabaceae), a tropical fruit found in Africa and Asia is highly valued for its pulp. Tamarind
fruit pulp has a sweet acidic taste due to a combination of high contents of tartaric acid and reducing sugars. The pulp is used for
seasoning, in prepd. foods, to flavor confections, curries and sauces, and as a major ingredient in juices and other beverages.
Com. tamarind-based drinks are available from many countries. Vitamin B content is quite high; carotene and vitamin C contents
are low. Presence of tannins and other dyeing matters in the seed testa make the whole seed unsuitable for consumption, but
they become edible after soaking and boiling in water. Tamarind kernel powder is an important sizing material in textile, paper and
jute industries. Seeds are gaining importance as an alternative source of proteins, and are besides rich in some essential minerals.
Seed pectin can form gels over a wide pH range. Leaves and flowers can be eaten as vegetables, and are prepd. in a variety of
dishes. They are used to make curries, salads, stews and soups. Tamarind leaves are a fair source of vitamin C and -carotene;
mineral content is high, particularly P, K, Ca and Mg. Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-fungal activity was
documented from several plant parts. Tamarind is also extensively used in traditional medicine. The traditional uses, its
phytochemicstry and pharmacognosy is reviewed to provided with a particular orientation to its value in sub-Sahara Africa.
Answer 246:
Chemical composition, antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activities of Ocimum sanctum L. essential oil and its safety
assessment as plant based antimicrobial. Kumar, Ashok; Shukla, Ravindra; Singh, Priyanka; Dubey, Nawal Kishore.
Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. Food and Chemical Toxicology (2010),
48(2), 539-543. Publisher: Elsevier Ltd., CODEN: FCTOD7 ISSN: 0278-6915. Journal written in English. CAN 153:440137
Abstract
The study deals with the efficacy of Ocimum sanctum essential oil (EO) and its major component, eugenol against the fungi
causing biodeterioration of food stuffs during storage. O. sanctum EO and eugenol were found efficacious in checking growth of
Aspergillus flavus NKDHV8; and, their min. inhibitory concns. (MICs) were recorded as 0.3 and 0.2 l ml-1, resp. The O. sanctum
EO and eugenol also inhibited the aflatoxin B1 prodn. completely at 0.2 and 0.1 l ml-1, resp. Both of these were found superior
over some prevalent synthetic antifungals and exhibited broad fungitoxic spectrum against 12 commonly occurring fungi. The
LD50 value of O. sanctum EO on mice was found to be 4571.43 l kg-1 suggesting its non-mammalian toxic nature. The findings
of present study reveals the possible exploitation of O. sanctum EO and eugenol as plant based safe preservatives against fungal
spoilage of food stuffs during storage.
Answer 247:
Antioxidant, radical scavenging and antimicrobial activities of red onion (Allium cepa L) skin and edible part extracts.
Skerget, M.; Majhenic, L.; Bezjak, M.; Knez, Z. Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor,
Slovenia. Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Quarterly (2009), 23(4), 435-444. Publisher: Croatian Society of Chemical
Engineers, CODEN: CBEQEZ ISSN: 0352-9568. Journal written in English. CAN 152:449716 AN 2010:136183 CAPLUS
Abstract
The antioxidant, radical scavenging and antimicrobial activities of exts. from skin and edible part of red onion have been
investigated. Crude exts. of red onion were obtained sep. with acetone, ethanol and mixts. of solvents with water. The amts. of
isolated phenolic compds. and quercetin from onion skin were approx. 3 to 5 times higher as from the onion edible part. Antioxidant
and radical scavenging activities of onion skin exts. were generally high, results were comparable to that of BHT. Exts. from onion
edible part showed somewhat lower activity. Furthermore, high activity of skin exts. against bacteria Escherichia coli,
Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus cereus and fungi Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride and Penicillium cyclopium was obsd.
Antimicrobial activity of edible part exts. against tested microorganisms is generally lower, while for Escherichia coli no growth
inhibition was obsd.
Answer 248:
Induction of expression and increased susceptibility due to silencing a 4,5-DOPA dioxygenase extradiol-like gene of
Nicotiana benthamiana in the interaction with the hemibiotrophic pathogens, Colletotrichum destructivum,
Colletotrichum orbiculare or Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci. Bahramnejad, B.; Erickson, L. R.; Goodwin, P. H.
Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran. Plant Science (Shannon,
Ireland) (2009), Volume Date 2010, 178(2), 147-157. Publisher: Elsevier Ireland Ltd., CODEN: PLSCE4 ISSN: 0168-9452.
Abstract
4,5-DOPA dioxygenase (DODA) was originally believed to be involved only in the biosynthesis of betalain, a pigment found in
plants in the Caryophyllales. However, DODA-like genes have been identified in many plants that do not produce betalain,
including Nicotina benthamiana, which is a plant in the Solanales. Expression of DODA-like gene, NbDODAL1, by N. benthamiana
was induced in leaves following wounding, ethylene and benzothiadiazole treatments. Transcript levels of NbDODAL1 were also
significantly induced in compatible interactions of wild type N. benthamiana with Colletotrichum destructivum, Colletotrichum
orbiculare or Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, as well as transgenic N. benthamiana expressing Pto in an incompatible interaction
with P. syringae pv. tabaci expressing avrPto. Virus-induced gene silencing of NbDODAL1 resulted in increased susceptibility of
N. benthamiana to C. destructivum, C. orbiculare or P. syringae pv. tabaci, but did not affect the hypersensitive response to P.
syringae pv. tabaci expressing avrPto. This is the first demonstration of a role for DODA-like protein. NbDODAL1 may be
involved in many aspects of plant metab., one of which is basal resistance, perhaps through the metab. of arom. compds.
contributing to antimicrobial or antioxidative activity.
Answer 249:
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils from flower and leaves of Lagochilus
kotschyanus Boiss. a new species from Iran. Taban, S.; Masoudi, Sh.; Chalabian, F.; Delnavaz, B.; Rustaiyan, A.
Department of Chemistry, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University Saveh, Saveh, Iran. Faslnamah-i Giyahan-i Daruyi (2009),
8(31), 58-63. Publisher: Pizhuhishkadah-i Giyahan-i Daruyi Jihad Danishgah-i, CODEN: GDYAB6 ISSN: 1684-0240. Journal
Abstract
The genus lagochilus, family Lamiaceae consists of 44 species, 33 of which grow in central Asia. Only one report on the anal. of
essential oil of Lagochilus species has been published. Aim of this study is to det. the chem. compn. and antimicrobial activities
of the hydrodistd. oil of flower and leaves of Lagochilus kotschyanus Boiss. of Iranian origin for the first time. Methods: The
essential oils obtained by hydrodistn. from the flower and leaves of L. kotschyanus were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The
antimicrobial activities were detd. by measuring the growth inhibitory zones (well diffusion assay). The major constituents of the
flower and leaf oils appeared to be myrcene (28.2% and 36.6%), -pinene (25.9% and 29.8%) and -caryophyllene (10.3% and
9.4%), resp. In L. kotschyanus we identified 34 components representing 95.2% and 18 constituents representing 96.3% of the
flower and leaf oils, resp. Both oils were rich in regard to monoterpene hydrocarbons (72.7% and 79.7%) resp. The sesquiterpene
fraction was relatively small, representing 19.4% and 14.1%, resp. Antibacterial activity was measured using the growth inhibitory
zones. It was found that oil from leaves and flowers of L. kotschyanus, and esp. that of flowers, exhibited interesting antibacterial
activity.
Answer 250:
Antimicrobial activity of Calophyllum inophyllum crude extracts obtained by pressurized liquid extraction. Ha, Minh
Hien; Nguyen, Van Thi; Nguyen, Khac Quynh Cu; Cheah, Emily L. C.; Heng, Paul W. S. Research and Training Department,
Institute of Drug Quality Control-Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines (2009),
4(4), 141-146. Publisher: Hong Kong Asiamed Publish House, CODEN: AJTMCS ISSN: 1817-4337. Journal written in English.
Abstract
The fruit peel of Calophyllum inophyllum is considered waste material from the prodn. of oils from its fruit and is abundantly
available in Vietnam. The prepn. of exts. was carried out by the pressurized liq. extn. (PLE) method. The preliminary phytochem.
screening revealed the presence of phenolic compds. The antimicrobial studies of the methanolic and n-hexane exts. were carried
out on std. micro-organisms, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538 P), Mycobacterium smegmatis (ATCC 14468), and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027), using the disk diffusion method. The exts. demonstrated promising antibacterial activity
against Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium smegmatis. The presence of phenolic compds. was likely to be responsible
for these activities.
Answer 251:
Crystal structure and theoretical calculation of N-phenyl-N'-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-1,2,3-benzodthiadiazole-7-carboxamidine

with bioactivity. Xu, Buyi; Li, Quan; Fan, Zhijin; Bao, Lili; Zhao, Keqing. Sichuan Province Higher Education System Key
Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu,
Peop. Rep. China. Huaxue Xuebao (2009), 67(24), 2773-2778. Publisher: Huaxue Xuebao Bianjibu, CODEN: HHHPA4 ISSN:
0567-7351. Journal written in Chinese. AN 2010:123760 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
A novel potential plant bactericidal regulator N-phenyl-N'-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-1,2,3-benzodthiadiazole-7-carboxamidine was designed,

synthesized, and structurally characterized by 1H NMR, IR, MS and elemental anal. The structure optimization and frequency
calcn. were carried out at B3LYP/6-311+G* level by the d. functional theory. The computed results showed that the intra-mol.
hydrogen bond N-HN could stabilize this mol. IR and Raman spectra, electron absorption spectra under different solvent and
thermodn. properties were also calcd. These results provided the basis for the study of their structure-activity relationship.
Answer 252:
Medicinal importance of natural dyes- a review. Chengaiah, B.; Mallikarjuna Rao, K.; Mahesh Kumar, K.; Alagusundaram, M.;
Madhusudhana Chetty, C. Annamacharya College of Pharmacy, Rajampet, India. International Journal of PharmTech
Research (2010), 2(1), 144-154. Publisher: Sphinx Knowledge House, CODEN: IJPRIF ISSN: 0974-4304.
http://sphinxsai.com/sphinxsaiVol_2No.1/PharmTech_Vol_2No.1/PharmTech_Vol_2No.1PDF/PT=24%20(144-154).pdf Journal;
General Review; Online Computer File written in English. CAN 153:605440 AN 2010:123094 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011
Abstract
A review. The worldwide demand for natural dyes is nowadays of great interest due to the increased awareness on therapeutic
properties of natural dyes in public. Natural dyes are derived from naturally occurring sources such as plants, insects, animals
and minerals. Several synthetic colorants have been banned because they cause allergy-like symptoms or are carcinogens.
Among the all natural dyes, plant-based pigments have wide range of medicinal values. Although known for a long time for dyeing
as well as medicinal properties, the structures and protective properties of natural dyes have been recognized only in the recent
past. Many of the plants used for dye extn. are classified as medicinal and some of these have recently been shown to possess
remarkable antimicrobial activity. The present review, describes the detail information about basic chem. of the major pigments
and their medicinal importance found in naturally occurring dye yielding plants, which are helpful to further development of
pharmaceutical formulations.
Answer 253:
Herbal antimicribial formulation. Maurya, Bindu; Jadhav, B. L. (India). Indian Pat. Appl. (2010), CODEN: INXXBQ IN
2008MU01480 A 20100122 Patent written in English. Application: IN 2008-MU1480 20080715. Priority: IN 2008-MU1480
20080715. AN 2010:121036 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))

IN 2008MU01480 A 20100122 IN 2008-MU1480 20080715
IN 2008-MU1480 20080715
Abstract
A herbal pharmaceutical composition with potent antimicrobial activity comprising; pharmaceutically active compounds extracted
from the mangrove species Sonneratia apetala , active against the human pathogens gram negative bacteria, Escherichia coli,
Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella aerogenes, Pseudomonas arugenosa, gram positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus
pyogenes, Bacillus subtilis and pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. A herbal pharmaceutical composition with potent
antimicrobial activity as characterized in mangrove species Sonneratia apetala plant part in stem and bark.
Answer 254:
Chemical constituents and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils from Sedum pallidum var. bithynicum and S.
spurium grown in Turkey. Yayli, Nurettin; Yasar, Ahmet; Yilmaz Iskender, Nagihan; Yayli, Nuran; Cansu, Tayyibe Beyza;
Coskuncelebi, Kamil; Karaoglu, Senguel. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Karadeniz Technical
University, Trabzon, Turk. Pharmaceutical Biology (London, United Kingdom) (2010), 48(2), 191-194. Publisher: Informa
Healthcare, CODEN: PHBIFC ISSN: 1388-0209. Journal written in English. CAN 153:197750 AN 2010:120526 CAPLUS
Abstract
Chem. compns. of the essential oil of Sedum pallidum Bieb. var. bithynicum (Boiss.) and S. spurium Bieb. (Crassulaceae) from
Turkey were investigated by GC-MS, and antimicrobial activity of the oil samples were assessed against Gram-pos./neg. bacteria
and yeast-like fungi. Thirty-eight and thirty-five components were identified in the essential oils and the main components of
these species were found to be caryophyllene oxide from S. pallidum var. bithynicum and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone from S.
spurium in the ratios of 12.8% and 15.7%, resp. The isolated essential oils of the plants showed low antimicrobial activity against
Gram-neg./pos. bacteria and yeast-like fungi, having the MIC values of 500-2000 g/mL. Antibacterial activity was not obsd.
against Bacillus cereus.
Answer 255:
Antimicrobial activity of the extracts and physalin D from Physalis alkekengi and evaluation of antioxidant potential of
physalin D. Helvaci, S.; Koekdil, G.; Kawai, M.; Duran, N.; Duran, G.; Guevenc, A. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty
of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turk. Pharmaceutical Biology (London, United Kingdom) (2010), 48(2), 142-150.
Publisher: Informa Healthcare, CODEN: PHBIFC ISSN: 1388-0209. Journal written in English. CAN 153:167872 AN
Abstract
Physalis alkekengi L. (Solanaceae) is a popular plant in traditional European and Chinese folk medicine, and it has been reported to
have many ethnopharmacol. properties including antifungal, anti-cough, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and febricide activities.
Some active components from Physalis species have been investigated. However, no antimicrobial activity studies on exts. and
physalins of P. alkekengi have been carried out. In this study, we attempted to identify the possible antimicrobial activities of the
methanol ext. from aerial parts of P. alkekengi and the dichloromethane ext. from calyces of the plant. The exts. were tested
against five Gram-pos. and five Gram-neg. bacteria and five Candida species by using disk diffusion and broth microdilution
methods. The exts. were fractionated to isolate physalins using chromatog. techniques, and physalin D was isolated from the
exts. The structure of the compd. was elucidated on the basis of 1H-NMR spectroscopic study, and confirmed by comparison
with a ref. sample and literature data. Results indicated that all the exts. and physalin D were characterized by antibacterial action,
esp. against Gram-pos. bacteria, with MIC values between 32 and 128 g/mL. The methanol ext. had moderate activity against
fungi at MICs ranging from 128 to 512 g/mL, but the dichloromethane ext. and physalin D had low activity against fungi at MICs
ranging from 256 to 512 g/mL. Addnl., the antioxidant activity of physalin D was evaluated by qual. DPPH
(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical and TBA (thiobarbituric acid) assays. Physalin D showed low antioxidant activity with an
IC50 value of  10  2.1.
Answer 256:
Antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds from the infusion and methanolic extract of Baccharis incarum (Wedd.)
Perkins. Zampini, Iris Catiana; Isla, Maria Ines; Schmeda-Hirschmann, Guillermo. Instituto de Quimica del Noroeste Argentino
(INQUINOA), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, Tucuman, Argent. Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society
(2009), 54(4), 477-481. Publisher: Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society, CODEN: JCCSCB ISSN: 0717-9324. Journal
Abstract
In the traditional medicine of the South American highlands, the infusion and decoction of aerial parts of "tola", Baccharis incarum
(Wedd.) Perkins (Asteraceae) is orally taken as an antiseptic, antipyretic and digestive or externally applied to relieve pain and
inflammation. A plant infusion and methanolic (MeOH) ext. of the aerial parts were compared for main constituents by HPLC-MS
as well as assessed for antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activities. Assay-guided fractionation of the polar exts. was
carried out using the ABTS+ autog. as well as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis bioautog.
test. Seven compds. were isolated from the polar exts. and identified as chlorogenic acid, 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone;
dicaffeoyl quinic acid; 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyflavone; 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-3,6,8-trimethoxy flavone,
4',5,7-trihydroxy-3',3,6,8-tetramethoxyflavone and 4',5-dihydroxy-3',3,6,7,8-pentamethoxyflavone. The main constituents from
the methanol ext. and infusion were caffeic acid derivs. This is the first report on the constituents of B. incarum infusion and
show clear differences with previous phytochem. studies on the same plant. All isolated compds. showed antioxidant activity with
SC50 values of 1 to 10 g/mL. The isolated flavones were active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and
Enterococcus faecalis with MICs in the range 100 and >200 g/mL.
Answer 257:
Antimicrobial peptide. Odintsova, T. I.; Egorov, T. A.; Grishin, E. V.; Vasilevskii, A. A.; Musolyamov, A. K.; Rogozhin, E. A.;
Slavokhotova, A. A.; Pukhal'skii, V. A.; Shiyan, A. N. (Uchrezhdenie RAN Institut Bioorganicheskoi Khimii im. Akademikov M. M.
Shemyakina Yu. A. Ovchinnikova RAN, Russia). Russ. (2010), 10pp. CODEN: RUXXE7 RU 2380374 C1 20100127
Patent written in Russian. Application: RU 2008-128522 20080715. Priority: RU 2008-128522 20080715. CAN 152:208539

RU 2380374 C1 20100127 RU 2008-128522 20080715
RU 2008-128522 20080715
Abstract
Biol. active WAMP-1 peptides are disclosed having the following amino acid sequence:
Ala1-Gln2-Arg3-Cys4-Gly5-Asp6-Gln7-Ala8-Arg9-Gly10-Ala11-Lys12-Cys13-Pro14-Asn15-Cys16-Leu17-Cys18-Cys19-Gly20-Lys21
-Tyr22-Gly23-Phe24-Cys25-Gly26-Ser27-Gly28-Asp29-Ala30-Tyr31-Cys32-Gly33-Ala34-Gly35-Ser36-Cys37-Gln38-Ser39-Gln40-Cy
s41-Arg42-Gly43-X, where X-Cys44 or Cys44-Arg45. These peptides express antimicrobial action. These peptides can be used for
protection of plants and foodstuffs against pathogenic fungi and bacteria.
Answer 258:
Isolation and identification of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum from plants by PCR and detection of
their antibacterial activity. Amin, M.; Jorfi, M.; Khosravi, A. D.; Samarbafzadeh, A. R.; Sheikh, A. Farajzadeh. Department
of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Journal of Biological
Sciences (Faisalabad, Pakistan) (2009), 9(8), 810-814. Publisher: ANSInet, CODEN: JBSFA9 ISSN: 1727-3048. Journal
Abstract
Lactobacillus is a genus of lactic acid bacteria described as a heterogeneous group of regular non spore forming gram pos. rods
and found in a great variety of habitats such as plants and gastrointestinal tracts. The aim of this study was to isolate lactobacilli
from plants and det. their inhibitory effect against some pathogens. Sixty lactobacilli isolates from fresh vegetables were enriched
in Man-Rogosa-Sharpe medium (MRS) broth and isolated by growing on MRS agar medium and characterized by phenotypic
characteristics and PCR technique at genus and species levels. The antimicrobial substance was extd. with Et acetate solvent and
the antimicrobial activity against some pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae,
Bacillus anthracis and Staphylococcus aureus were investigated. Forteen L. plantarum and eight L. casei which were isolated from
fresh vegetables were identified by PCR. Antimicrobial substance from MRS broth medium was extd. This antimicrobial compd.
showed a potent inhibitory activity against all tested bacteria. The inhibitory substance was distinct from bacteriocins, lactic and
acetic acids which are produced by these bacteria. In conclusion, fresh vegetables may be used as a source of antimicrobial
lactic acid bacteria. L. casei and L. plantarum as two probiotics can establish themselves in gut and urogenital tract and prevent
the human body from adverse effects of pathogens.
Answer 259:
Chemistry and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from ripe and unripe fruits of the Fijian Morinda citrifolia
(noni/kura) Rubiaceae. Brophy, Joe; Devi, Riteshma; Ali, Sadaquat; Rao, Dhana; Sotheeswaran, Subramaniam. School of
Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the South Pacific,
Suva, Fiji. Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants (2008), 11(6), 598-602. Publisher: Har Krishan Bhalla & Sons, CODEN:
Abstract
From ripe fruits there was less acid; octanoic acid (60.2 %) and hexanoic acid (16.3 %). There were a series of
3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl esters (butyrate, hexanoate, octanoate and decanoate) in amts. up to 4 % in the ripe fruits. Also present
were a series of Me ester of these acids. Terpenes were virtually absent from the oils. Both the ripe and unripe fruit volatiles
showed similar antimicrobial activities, when tested with five microbes signaling that the active volatile components were probably
the major alkanoic acids.
Answer 260:
Antibacterial activities of nine Chinese medicinal plants. Huo, Jie; Yin, Yan; Zou, Guolin. College of Life Sciences,
Wuhan University/State Key Laboratory of Virology/Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan,
Hubei, Peop. Rep. China. Wuhan Daxue Xuebao, Lixueban (2009), 55(5), 597-601. Publisher: Wuhan Daxue Qikanshe,
CODEN: WDXLA5 ISSN: 1671-8836. Journal written in Chinese. CAN 153:451739 AN 2010:96231 CAPLUS (Copyright
Abstract
Ethanol exts. of nine Chinese traditional medicine plants were screened for antibacterial activity against twelve bacterial strains by
the agar disk diffusion method. Four of them (Rabdosia serra, Angiopteris fokiensis, Polygonum cuspidatum, Salvia prionitis)
showed promising activity against several organisms. The max. inhibition zone diams. were obsd. from exts. of Angiopteris
fokiensis in 10-28 mm. The inhibition zone of chloroform, Et acetate, and butanol fractions from the ethanol ext. of the four
species were tested against five most sensitive strains. Then the min. inhibitory concn. (MIC) and min. bactericidal concn. (MBC)
of the active fractions were detd. with broth microdilution method. The value of MICs and MBCs ranged between 0.016 g/L and
0.500 g/L.
Answer 261:
Xanthium strumarium L. antimicrobial activity and carboxyatractyloside analysis through electrospray ionization mass
spectrometry. Scherer, R.; Duarte, M. C. T.; Catharino, R. R.; Nachtigall, F. M.; Eberlin, M. N.; Filho, Teixeira J.; Godoy, H. T.
Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas-SP, Brazil.
Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais (2009), 11(2), 159-163. Publisher: Fundacao do Instituto de Biociencias, CODEN:
RBPMF6 ISSN: 1516-0572. Journal written in English. AN 2010:89614 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Xanthium strumarium L. leaf exts. against Staphylococcus
aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Clostridium perfringens, as well as to investigate
the presence of the toxic compd. carboxyatractyloside in different plant parts. S. aureus and C. perfringens were more sensitive
to non-polar than to polar fractions, and there was no difference between exts. for the remaining bacteria. All exts. had strong
antimicrobial activity against the evaluated microorganisms. Carboxyatractyloside was found in cotyledons and seeds but not in
adult leaves and burrs. Thus, only Xanthium strumarium leaves in adult stage can be used for medicinal purposes.
Answer 262:
Ethnomedicinal, pharmacological properties and chemistry of some medicinal plants of Boraginaceae in India.
Sharma, R. A.; Singh, B.; Singh, D.; Chandrawat, P. Medicinal Plants Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University
of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research (2009), 3(13), 1153-1175. Publisher: Academic Journals,
CODEN: JMPRB6 ISSN: 1996-0875. http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR/PDF/pdf2009/Decx/Sharma%20et%20al.pdf Journal;
General Review; Online Computer File written in English. CAN 153:167773 AN 2010:70945 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011
Abstract
A review. Different medicinal plants and their medicinal values are widely used for various ailments throughout the world. Various
chem. constituents isolated and characterized from Boraginaceous plant species are described. These included pyrrolizidine
alkaloids, naphthaquinones, flavonoids, terpenoids, triterpenoids and phenols. Some important biol. and pharmacol. activities
reported from various parts of plant species and from these plants, the isolated constituents demonstrated antimicrobial,
antitumor, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, cardiotonic, contraceptive, antiplatelet, wound healing and prostaglandin inhibitory. Some
expts. on transformation have been done in Boraginaceous plants. The review article will therefore, give a crit. overview of
different phytochems. and various medicinal properties belonging mainly to family Boraginaceae.
Answer 263:
Use of bioactive plant products in combination with standard antibiotics: implications in antimicrobial chemotherapy.
Aiyegoro, O. A.; Okoh, A. I. Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry
and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, S. Afr. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research (2009), 3(13), 1147-1152.
Publisher: Academic Journals, CODEN: JMPRB6 ISSN: 1996-0875.
http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR/PDF/pdf2009/Decx/Aiyegoro%20and%20Okoh.pdf Journal; General Review; Online
Abstract
A review. Nowadays, multiple antibiotic resistance by disease-causing microorganisms are a major public health problem.
Antimicrobial compds. from plants have been found to be synergistic enhancers in that though they may not possess any
antimicrobial properties alone, but when used concurrently with std. drugs they enhance the activity of the drug. The synergistic
effect of the assocn. of antibiotic and plant exts. against resistant pathogens leads to new choices for the treatment of infectious
diseases. Also synergy between bioactive plant product and antibiotics will confront problems of toxicity and overdose since
lesser concns. of two agents in combination are required, due to these reasons, there is need therefore, for continuous exploration
of multidrug resistance modulating principles from plants sources.
Answer 264:
Exotic multifaceted medicinal plants of drugs and pharmaceutical industries. Okwu, Donatus Ebere; Uchenna, Nnamdi
Fred. Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agricultural Umudike, Umuahia, Nigeria. African Journal of
http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB/PDF/pdf2009/29Dec/Okwu%20and%20Uchenna.pdf Journal; General Review; Online
Abstract
A review. Cassia alata Linn, Nauclea latifolia, Clerodendron splendens and Bryophyllum pinnatum are some of the Nigerian exotic
medicinal plants. These plants not only acts as ornamental but also exhibit antiviral, antifungal, antimalarial, antioxidant and
anti-inflammatory functions. They are sources of drugs and are used in herbal medicine to treat measles, malaria, asthma,
eczema, cough, hepatitis, ringworm, ulcer and scabies. These plants are continuously screened and evaluated for their pharmacol.
properties. Bioactive compds. comprising flavanoids, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids and saponins have been isolated and
characterized from the plants and are responsible for their biol. activity. The importance of these bioactive compds. available in
these plants are discussed with respect to their role in herbal medicine in Nigeria.
Answer 265:
Phytochemical characterization and antimicrobial activity of shampoo ginger (Zingiber zerumbet) from Tamil Nadu,
India. Helen, P. A. Mary; Nizzy, A. M.; Jegatheesh, T. R. Department of Biotechnology, Malankara Catholic College, Tamil
Nadu, India. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences (2009), 11(3), 625-628. Publisher: Global
Science Publications, CODEN: AJMBAQ ISSN: 0972-3005. Journal written in English. CAN 154:104783 AN 2010:62602
Abstract
Volatile oil from the rhizomes of Zingiber zerumbet was isolated and characterized by GC-MS. Eleven compds. were identified and
the major constituents are Zerumbone (25.37%), -pinene (23.75%), thujyl alc. (15.7%), and camphor (14.5%); minor constituents
like 7-oxabicyclo heptane (7.66%), linalyl acetate (3.65%), and 1,5,9-decatriene (7.17%) were also identified. The antimicrobial
activity of the oil ext. was tested against human and plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The oil showed significant inhibitory
activity against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (1.2 cm) and Lactococcus lactis (0.8 cm), and the fungi Aspergillus awamori
(1.5cm), Fusarium oxysporum (1.0 cm), Aspergillus accularatus (0.9 cm), Candida albicans (0.8 cm), Tricoderma viridae (0.8 cm),
Rhodotorula species (0.8 cm), and Aspergillus niger (0.6cm). No inhibitory activity was obsd. against the bacteria Bacillus cereus
and Escherichia coli.
Answer 266:
Biological activities of Bellis perennis volatiles and extracts. Kavalcioglu, Neslihan; Acik, Leyla; Demirci, Fatih; Demirci,
Betul; Demir, Hulya; Baser, K. Husnu Can. Department of Biology, Science and Arts Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turk.
Natural Product Communications (2010), 5(1), 147-150. Publisher: Natural Product Inc., CODEN: NPCACO ISSN: 1934-578X.
Abstract
Different parts of Bellis perennis were subjected to hydrodistn. and the products were subsequently analyzed by GC and GC/MS.
Aq. and methanol exts. were prepd. from the aerial parts. Antioxidant [1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging,
reducing activity, total antioxidant] and antimicrobial activity of the plant materials were studied. The aq. exts. showed higher
DPPH scavenging activity (85.8% at 102.5 g/mL) than the methanol ext. Reducing power was also obsd. for both tested exts.,
where the formation of linoleic acid peroxides was more for the aq. ext. than the methanol ext. Antimicrobial activities of all plant
materials were evaluated at varying concns. against a panel of pathogens, but without pronounced inhibitory effect.
Answer 267:
Flavonoids and ascorbic acid in selected Begonia L. species. Karpova, E. A.; Khramova, E. P.; Fershalova, T. D.
Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia. Khimiya Rastitel'nogo
Syr'ya (2009), (2), 105-110. Publisher: IzdatelÏstvo Altaiskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, CODEN: KRSHC4 ISSN:
1029-5151. Journal written in Russian. CAN 153:280769 AN 2010:31144 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder
(R))
Abstract
The contents of flavonoids (including quercetin and kaempferol glycosides hydrolyzed by HCl), anthocyanins (as cyanidin
3,5-diglucoside), and ascorbic acid in aerial parts of 7 species and cultivars of Begonia (B. bahiensis, B. bowerae major, B.
carolineifolia, B. fischeri palustris, B. heracleifolia nigricans, 'Erythrophylla' and 'Helen Teupel' hybrids) were studied. The flavonoid
contents were 24-650 mg% in dry matter, including 3-76 mg% quercetin glycosides. Kaempferol glycosides was detected only in
species of the Gireoudia botanical section (1.2-5.7 mg%). The anthocyanin contents were 60-157 mg% and ascorbic acid contents
5-43 mg% in fresh wt. The Begonia plants can be good sources of biol. active compds. with antioxidant and antimicrobial
activities.
Answer 268:
Antimicrobial activities of some thymol derivatives from the roots of Inula hupehensis. Zhao, Jie; Li, Ya; Liu, Quan; Gao,
Kun. State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University,
Lanzhou, Peop. Rep. China. Food Chemistry (2010), 120(2), 512-516. Publisher: Elsevier Ltd., CODEN: FOCHDJ ISSN:
(R))
Abstract
In a search for some naturally occurring antimicrobial compds. found in medicinal plants, herbs and spice exts., 4 thymol derivs.
were isolated from the roots of Inula hupehensis (a medicinal plant) and identified as the new compd.
9-O---glucopyranosyl-9-hydroxythymol (1), together with 8,9-epoxy-10-isobutyryloxythymyl isobutyrate (2),
8-hydroxy-9,10-diisobutyloxythymol (3) and 8,9,10-trihydroxythymol (4). These thymol derivs., with a semi-synthetic compd.
9,10-dihydroxy-8-methoxythymol (5), were tested for their antimicrobial activities against 3 bacteria and 6 plant pathogenic fungi.
Within the series of thymol derivs. tested, compd. 3 was the most active, particularly displaying moderate antibacterial activities
against Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus and Escherichia coli with MICs of 62.3, 62.8, and 250 g/mL.
Moreover, this compd. exhibited inhibitory activities against three plant pathogenic fungi: Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora melonis
and Peronophythora litchi, with EC50 values of 157, 180 and 141 g/mL. To our knowledge, this is the first report that these five
thymol derivs. show inhibitory activity against plant pathogenic fungi.
Answer 269:
Evaluation of activities of Solanum nigrum fruit extract. Kaushik, Dhirender; Jogpal, Vikas; Kaushik, Pawan; Lal, Sukhbir;
Saneja, Ankit; Sharma, Chetan; Aneja, K. R. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.
Archives of Applied Science Research (2009), 1(1), 43-50. Publisher: Scholars Research Library, CODEN: AASRC9 ISSN:
0975-508X. http://www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com/AASR-first-issue/AASR-6.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of ethanolic ext. of fruits
of Solanum nigrum plant belonging to Solanaceae family. The anti-inflammatory activity of the ext. was evaluated by using
Carrageenan-induced rat paw edema while analgesic activity of the ext. was evaluated for its central and peripheral pharmacol.
actions by using Eddy's hot plate and acetic acid induced writhing resp. The study was carried out using doses of 100, 250 & 500
mg/kg orally. The ext. showed significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity at the dose of 500 mg/kg (P<0.01) as compare
to std. drug diclofenac sodium (50 mg/kg). The plant ext. significantly inhibited the S. aureus and B. sublitis (Gram +ve) at all the
tested concns. (100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/mL) as compare to std. drug ciprofloxacin (20 g/mL) whereas the ext. failed to show
inhibitory effect against E. coli and P. aeruginosa (Gram -ve) at a concn. of 25 mg/mL. The ext. also showed significant inhibitory
effect against C. albicans at all concns. except at 25 mg/mL as compare to std. drug amphotericin B (100 g/mL).
Answer 270:
Cyclopeptide alkaloids from higher plants. Morel, Ademir Farias; Maldaner, Graciela; Ilha, Vinicius. Departamento de
Quimica, NPPN, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Alkaloids (San Diego, CA, United States)
(2009), 67 79-141. Publisher: Elsevier Inc., CODEN: ALKAAR ISSN: 0099-9598. Journal; General Review written in English.
Abstract
A review discusses the classification, occurrence, structure, biosynthesis, and biol. activity of cyclopeptide alkaloids from higher
plants.
Answer 271:
Evolution of ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors as fungicidal against Candida. Ahmad, Aijaz; Khan, Amber; Manzoor,
Nikhat; Khan, Luqman A. Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India. Microbial Pathogenesis (2010),
48(1), 35-41. Publisher: Elsevier Ltd., CODEN: MIPAEV ISSN: 0882-4010. Journal written in English. CAN 153:138534 AN
Abstract
Azoles target the ergosterol synthesizing enzyme lanosterol 14-demethylase and are a widely applied class of antifungal agents.
Unfortunately azoles are generally fungistatic, and resistance to fluconazole is emerging in several fungal pathogens. In contrast
to the increasing no. of agents for the treatment of invasive fungal infections, discoveries of new antifungal agents with
therapeutic value in dermatomycoses are reported only rare. Attention has been drawn to the antimicrobial activity of plants and
their active principles due to the challenge of growing incidences of drug-resistant pathogens. Eugenol and Me eugenol were
reported to possess antimycotic properties. To further explore the antifungal activity of these compds., in vitro studies were
conducted on various Candida isolates. Insight studies to mechanism suggested that both eugenol and Me eugenol exerts their
antifungal activity by targeting sterol biosynthesis. Furthermore, it was also obsd. that addnl. Me group to eugenol increases its
antifungal activity. The obsd. fungicidal characteristics of both eugenol and Me eugenol indicate that both the compds. might be
promising antifungal agents defining a new class of antimycotics.
Answer 272:
Polyphenols content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of extracts of some wild plants collected from the south of
Tunisia. Bouaziz, Mohamed; Dhouib, Abdelhafidh; Loukil, Slim; Boukhris, Makki; Sayadi, Sami. Laboratoire des Bioprocedes,
Pole d'Excellence Regionale AUF, (PER-LBP), Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia. African Journal of
http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB/PDF/pdf2009/15Dec/Bouaziz%20et%20al.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in
Abstract
25 Wild plants were collected from the south of Tunisia. The dried aerial parts were extd. under a continuous reflux set-up in a
Soxhlet extractor with hexane, Et acetate, methanol and water. The exts. were screened for total phenolic content, antioxidant and
antimicrobial activities. Total phenolic contents were detd. using a spectrophotometric technique, based on the Folin-Ciocalteau
reagent and calcd. as pyrogallol equiv. (PyE) per 100 g of dry wt. (dw). Total phenolic content ranged from traces to 2225  267
mg PyE/100 g dw in Periploca angustifolia hexane ext. and Erodium glaucophyllum methanol ext., resp. Total flavonoids and
flavonols were measured by a colorimetric assay and expressed as mg of rutin equiv. (RuE) per 100 g dw and mg of quercetin
equiv. (QuE) per 100 g dw resp. The highest amts. of flavonoids of 315 mg RuE/100 g dw and of flavonols of 63 mg QuE/100 g
dw was recorded in the Et acetate ext. of Acacia radiana. The antioxidant capacity of all exts. was evaluated with the
(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH and 2,2'-azino-bis [3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]) ABTS tests. Several exts. showed
antioxidant capacity higher than (butylated hydroxytoluene) BHT. Different trend was obsd. for each antioxidant system with
respect to solvents used. All tested plants showed antimicrobial activity, but this activity depended closely on the nature of the
solvent used and of the microorganism tested. Rhanterium suaveolens Et acetate ext. showed the largest spectre of antibacterial
activity and Bassia indica Et acetate ext. showed the highest antifungal activity. Interestingly, some of the collected plants had a
high phenolic content and powerful antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. These plants may serve as sources of antioxidants with
new chemotypes and potential beneficial health properties.
Answer 273:
A new antimicrobial peptide isolated from Oudneya africana seeds. Hammami, Riadh; Ben Hamida, Jeannette; Vergoten,
Gerard; Lacroix, Jean-Marie; Slomianny, Marie-Christine; Mohamed, Neffati; Fliss, Ismail. Unity of Functional Proteomics and
Food Biopreservation, Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
Microbiology and Immunology (2009), 53(12), 658-666. Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell, CODEN: MIIMDV ISSN: 0385-5600. Journal
Abstract
Oudneya africana R. Br. (Brassicaceae), a wild-growing plant in the arid region of Tunisia, is used in ethno-medicinal treatment of
microbial infections. Validation of ethno-therapeutic claims pertaining to the plant was sought by investigating its antimicrobial
activity. A proteinaceous ext. of the seeds, called AS-3000, showed activity against various organisms including L.
monocytogenes, E. coli, B. subtilis, E. hirae, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and C. albicans. Ext. AS-3000 exhibited a synergistic
effect against L. ivanovii when combined with vancomycin or chloramphenicol. The post-antibiotic inhibitory effect of the
ampicillin/AS-3000 combination was 2.3-fold greater than for the antibiotic alone. The mode of action of AS-3000 on Listeria and
Escherichia was visible using SEM. These results support the use of O. africana for treating microbial infections.
Answer 274:
Method for producing anti-infective antimicrobial peptide with Chlorella vulgaris as bioreactor. Huang, Chifu. (Phyto
Biopharm, Inc., Peop. Rep. China). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing (2009), 10pp. CODEN: CNXXEV CN 101603050 A 20091216
Patent written in Chinese. Application: CN 2009-10142895 20090520. Priority: CN 2009-10142895 20090520. CAN

CN 101603050 A 20091216 CN 2009-10142895 20090520
CN 2009-10142895 20090520
Abstract
Disclosed is a method for producing anti-infective antimicrobial peptide with Chlorella vulgaris as bioreactor. The method
comprises: producing recombinant antimicrobial peptide in an algal expression system, purifying the recombinant antimicrobial
peptide, and testing the antibiotic activity of the recombinant antimicrobial peptide. The cDNAs for human -defensin 3 and
antimicrobial peptide Cap18 are cloned into the algal expression system. The method uses aquatic plant (alga, Chlorella vulgaris)
as a bioreactor to produce the active antimicrobial peptide that has a wide lethal effect on various pathogenic microbial strains, and
has the advantages of high capacity, low cost, and no pollution.
Answer 275:
Screening antimicrobial activity of Cereus jamacaru DC, Cactaceae. Davet, Aline; Virtuoso, Suzane; Dias, Josiane F. G.;
Miguel, Marilis D.; Oliveira, Andressa B.; Miguel, Obdulio G. Departamento de Farmacia, Laboratorio de Fitoquimica,
Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba-PR, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia (2009), 19(2B), 561-564.
Publisher: Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia, CODEN: RBFAEL ISSN: 0102-695X. Journal written in Portuguese. CAN
Abstract
The search for new antibiotic agents from plants is growing, and no study regarding the activity of C. jamacaru pathol.
microorganisms has been carried out. This research evaluates the antibiotic effect of crude ethanolic exts. of the cortex (EBCO)
and wood (EBLE) of the species over eight microorganisms. Two methods were used: agar. diffusion and MIC (minimal inhibitory
concn.). EBCO showed better inhibition results than EBLE. Streptococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa and Escherichia coli are the microorganisms that were better inhibited by EBCO.
Answer 276:
Antimicrobial activities of proteinic extracts of Allium roseum L., a wild edible species in North Africa. Najjaa, Hanen;
Ammar, Emna; Neffati, Mohamed. Laboratoire d'Ecologie Pastorale, Institut des Regions Arides, Medenine, Tunisia. Journal
of Food, Agriculture & Environment (2009), 7(3 & 4, Pt. 1), 150-154. Publisher: WFL Publisher, CODEN: JFAEAC ISSN:
(R))
Abstract
This work was carried out on Allium roseum L., a North African endemic species, growing in the South-East of Tunisia and used as
a vegetable, spice or herbal remedy in traditional medicine. Three protocols of extn. (Tris HCl buffer, phosphate buffer and
sulfuric acid) were used in order to ext. proteins from four different organs of this species (flowers, bulbs, leaves and seeds). Tris
HCl buffer ext. showed the highest content of A. roseum protein. Leaves had the highest protein content and seed had the highest
diversified mol. wt. varying from 10 to 50 kDa comparatively to the other organs. Antimicrobial activities of different protein exts.
were tested by disk diffusion and well diffusion and evaluated by the detn. of min. inhibitory concn. (CMI) and min. bactericidal
concn. (MBC). Antimicrobial activities of the exts. against ten tested microbial strains differed depending on the extn. method and
plant material used. The detn. of CMI and CMB relieved a very significant antimicrobial activity to some strains such as C.
albicans and E. coli. Exts. selected for highest antimicrobial activity were tested for sensitivity to heat and proteases. Tested
exts. were thermolabile and their activities were sensitive to several proteases including -chymotrypsine, pepsin and trypsin.
Results suggest the potential use of the plant as condiment and preservative in the food industry.
Answer 277:
Enhancement of the antifungal activity of silver ion agents by the addition of plant extracts. Mori, Yasutaka; Ono,
Takeshi; Miyahira, Yasushi; Ishihara, Masayuki; Tanaka, Yoshihiro; Hattori, Hidemi; Nakamura, Shingo; Kishimoto, Satoko; Matsui,
Takemi. Aeromedical Lab., Japan Air Self-Defense Force, 2-3 Inariyama, Sayama, Saitama, Japan. Bokin Bobai (2009),
37(11), 813-819. Publisher: Nippon Bokin Bobai Gakkai, CODEN: BOBODP ISSN: 0385-5201. Journal written in Japanese.
Abstract
Antimicrobial and antifungal activities of silver ion agents and plant exts. were investigated. Against both Aspergillus niger and
Penicillium funiculosum, the antifungal activity of the silver ion agents was enhanced by mixt. with the plant exts., decreasing the
min. inhibitory concns. off the silver ion agents by at least one-third. The antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and the
cytotoxicity against human fibroblast cells of the mixt. of the silver ion agents and the plant exts. were influenced by the concn.
of the plant exts. The antimicrobial and antifungal activities and the cytotoxicity of the silver ion agents were not affected by
phytic acid, which was added as a stabilization agent for the silver ions.
Answer 278:
Antimicrobial activity of the extracts from Fraxinus velutina Torr fruits. Zhang, Xiujuan; Chen, Tongtong; Song, Xiaoyan;
Zheng, Han; Fan, Shoujin. College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Peop. Rep. China. Xibei Zhiwu
Xuebao (2009), 29(4), 824-828. Publisher: Kexue Chubanshe, CODEN: XZXUEV ISSN: 1000-4025. Journal written in Chinese.
Abstract
The antimicrobial activities of water, 50% ethanol, abs. ethanol exts. from Fraxinus velutina Torr fruits to seven bacteria were
investigated by means of the cylinder-plate method. The active components by column chromatog. on Sephadex G-15 were
selected, accompanied with the antibacterial activity tests. The water ext. inhibited significantly the growth of a wide range of
bacteria. The min. inhibitory concn. (MIC) of the water ext. against the tested microorganisms was 50-100 mg/mL-1. A preliminary
test of chem. constituents in the active components of the water ext. showed it contained org. acid, carbohydrates, glycosides,
phenols and conmarins, etc.
Answer 279:
Streptomyces sporoclivatus CJS-49 having antimicrobial activity against plant fungal pathogens, and biopesticide
containing the same. Yoon, Byeong Dae; Park, Chan Seon; Kim, Min Su; Ahn, Geuk Hyeon. (Korea Research Institute of
Bioscience and Biotechnology, S. Korea). Repub. Korean Kongkae Taeho Kongbo (2009), 14pp. CODEN: KRXXA7 KR
2009124371 A 20091203 Patent written in Korean. Application: KR 2008-50559 20080530. Priority: KR 2008-50559

KR 2009124371 A 20091203 KR 2008-50559 20080530
KR 1005484 B1 20110105
KR 2008-50559 20080530
Abstract
This invention provides Streptomyces sporoclivatus CJS-49 (KCTC 11109BP) having antimicrobial activity against plant fungal
pathogens, and an eco-friendly microbial prepn. contg. the culture fluid of the strain. Through treating leaves of crops or plantation
soil for the crops with the microbial prepn., damage to the crops can be minimized, and gray mold, leaf spot, and root rot caused
by Botrytis cinerea, Pythium ultimum, Alternaria panax, Fusarium sp., Cylindrocarpon destructans, Streptomyces scabies, etc.
can be effectively prevented and controlled.
Answer 280:
Microbial growth and quorum sensing antagonist activities of herbal plants extracts. Al-Hussaini, Reema; Mahasneh,
Adel M. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan. Molecules (2009),
14(9), 3425-3435. Publisher: Molecular Diversity Preservation International, CODEN: MOLEFW ISSN: 1420-3049.
http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/14/9/3425/pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in English. AN 2009:1487577 CAPLUS
Abstract
Antimicrobial and antiquorum sensing (AQS) activities of fourteen ethanolic exts. of different parts of eight plants were screened
against four Gram-pos., five Gram-neg. bacteria and four fungi. Depending on the plant part ext. used and the test
microorganism, variable activities were recorded at 3 mg per disk. Among the Gram-pos. bacteria tested, for example, activities
of Laurus nobilis bark ext. ranged between a 9.5 mm inhibition zone against Bacillus subtilis up to a 25 mm one against methicillin
resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus fumigatus were the most susceptible among bacteria
and fungi tested towards other plant parts. Of interest is the tangible antifungal activity of a Tecoma capensis flower ext., which is
reported for the first time. However, min. inhibitory concns. (MIC's) for both bacteria and fungi were relatively high (0.5-3.0 mg).
As for antiquorum sensing activity against Chromobacterium violaceum, superior activity (>17 mm QS inhibition) was assocd. with
Sonchus oleraceus and Laurus nobilis exts. and weak to good activity (8-17 mm) was recorded for other plants. In conclusion,
results indicate the potential of these plant exts. in treating microbial infections through cell growth inhibition or quorum sensing
antagonism, which is reported for the first time, thus validating their medicinal use.
Answer 281:
Chemical constituents from the leaves of Boehmeria rugulosa with antidiabetic and antimicrobial activities. Semwal,
Deepak Kumar; Rawat, Usha; Semwal, Ravindra; Singh, Randhir; Krishan, Pawan; Singh, Manjeet; Singh, Gur Jas Preet.
Department of Chemistry, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Uttarakhand, India. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research
(2009), 11(12), 1045-1055. Publisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd., CODEN: JANRFI ISSN: 1028-6020. Journal written in English.
Abstract
Three new flavonoid glycosides, named chalcone-6'-hydroxy-2',3,4-trimethoxy-4'-O--D-glucopyranoside (1),

isoflavone-3',4',5,6-tetrahydroxy-7-O-{-D-glucopyranosyl-(13)--L-rhamnopyranoside} (2), and
isoflavone-3',4',5,6-tetrahydroxy-7-O-{-D-glucopyranosyl-(16)--D-glucopyranosyl-(16)--D-glucopyranosyl-(13)--L-rhamno
pyranoside} (3), were isolated from the leaves of Boehmeria rugulosa, together with five known compds., -sitosterol, quercetin,
3,4-dimethoxy--(2'-piperidyl)-acetophenone (4), boehmeriasin A (5), and quercetin-7-O--D-glucopyranoside. The structures of the
isolated compds. were detd. by means of chem. and spectral data including 2D NMR expts. The ethanolic ext. of leaves showed
significant hypoglycemic activity on alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Glibenclamide, an oral hypoglycemic agent (5 mg/kg, p.o.),
was used as a pos. control. The ethanolic ext. of the plant as well as the isolated compds. 1-3 (25 g/mL) showed potent
antimicrobial activity against two bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans) and three fungus
pathogens (Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis, and Trichophyton rubrum). The activities of the isolated compds. 1-3 have
been compared with pos. controls, novobiocin, and erythromycin (15 g/mL).
Answer 282:
Antimicrobial compounds from the shoots of Arctotis arctotoides. Sultana, Nasim; Afolayan, A. J.; Bhuiyan, Rauf Ahmed.
BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research (2008), 43(1),
89-96. Publisher: Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, CODEN: BJSIBL ISSN: 0304-9809. Journal written
Abstract
Arctotis arctotoides is a perennial herb used medicinally for the treatment of various ailments in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.
Different exts. from the shoots of this herb showed antimicrobial activity against some bacterial species. Bioassay guided
fractionation of the exts. has led to the isolation of three compds., glycerol-1-docosanoate, zaluzanin C and perydiscolic acid. The
structures were elucidated on the basis of their one- and two-dimensional NMR spectral anal. and by a comparative literature
study. The evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the compds. revealed moderate activity against four Gram-pos. and two
Gram-neg. bacteria.
Answer 283:
Phytochemical analysis and screening for antimicrobial activity of Clerodendrum inerme (I.) Gaertn: a mangrove plant.
Yln, Murthy; Nageswar, Pandit E.; Ivk, Viswanath; Lakshmi, B. S. Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry,
Andhra University, India. Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry (2009), 3(2), 51-56. Publisher: Science-Tech Foundation,
CODEN: JPCOCM ISSN: 0973-9874. Journal written in English. CAN 154:166610 AN 2009:1458123 CAPLUS (Copyright
Abstract
Extn. of Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. aerial parts resulted the isolation of two Diterpenes and one sterol. The crude ext. and
the isolated cryst. compds. were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activity. The results indicate that Et acetate and
methanolic exts., and the isolated compds. exhibited significant antimicrobial activity.
Answer 284:
Antimicrobial activities of cascalote (Caesalpinia cacalaco) phenolics-containing extract against fungus Colletotrichum
lindemuthianum. Veloz-Garcia, Rafael; Marin-Martinez, Raul; Veloz-Rodriguez, Rafael; Rodriguez-Guerra, Raul;
Torres-Pacheco, Irineo; Gonzalez-Chavira, Mario M.; Anaya-Lopez, Jose L.; Guevara-Olvera, Lorenzo; Feregrino-Perez, Ana A.;
Loarca-Pina, Guadalupe; Guevara-Gonzalez, Ramon G. Laboratorio de Biosistemas. Facultad de Ingenieria, Centro Universitario
Cerro de las Campanas, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Queretaro, Qro, Mex. Industrial Crops and Products (2009),
Volume Date 2010, 31(1), 134-138. Publisher: Elsevier B.V., CODEN: ICRDEW ISSN: 0926-6690. Journal written in English.
Abstract
Cascalote (Caesalpinia cacalaco) is a tree located in Pacific Mexican coast, and it is an excellent source of phenolics as gallic and
tannic acids used in Mexican tannery industry, and with a potent antioxidant and antimutagenic activities. Based on the phenolics
properties, these compds. present potential antimicrobial activity against a myriad of microorganisms. Thus, in this study it was
evaluated the antimicrobial activity of cascalote phenolics against phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum which
causes anthracnose disease in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). The results indicate that cascalote phenolics have in vitro
fungistatic activity against C. lindemuthianum races R-0 and R-1472. Moreover, these compds. provoked on the whole, in vitro
inhibition of spores germination and cellulase and polygalacturonase activities in these fungi. In vivo assays with cascalote
phenolics under greenhouse conditions using susceptible cv. PI 206272 of common bean resulted in a good protection against
anthracnose severity esp. as a preventive treatment. Several aspects of the results and implications on the potential use of
cascalote phenolics as org. antifungal are discussed.
Answer 285:
Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants against Enteric bacteria with particular reference to
multi-drug resistant Vibrio cholerae. Acharyya, Saurabh; Patra, Amarendra; Bag, Prasanta K. Department of
Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2009), 8(3), 231-237.
Publisher: Pharmacotherapy Group, CODEN: TJPRAQ ISSN: 1596-9827. http://www.tjpr.org/vol8_no3/2009_8_3_7_Acharyya.pdf
SciFinder (R))
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the anti-enterobacterial potential of nine ethnobotanically selected plants traditionally used in different parts
of India for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders such as cholera, diarrhea or dysentery. Methods: The methanol exts. of
these plants were screened for antibacterial activity against 11 strains of enteropathogenic bacteria, including multi-drug resistant
Vibrio cholerae (serotypes O1, O139, and non-O1, non-O139), using broth microdilution method. Ampicillin was used as a pos. ref.
std. to det. the sensitivity of the strains. Phytochem. screening was carried out for phenolics and flavonoids. Results: All of
these plants had bactericidal activity against at least one of the test microorganisms with min. inhibitory concn. (MIC) ranging from
0.125 to 32 mg/mL and min. bactericidal concn. (MBC) ranging from 0.25 to 32 mg/mL. Among these, Terminalia chebula Retz.
(Combretaceae) and Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae) showed the most promising broad spectrum antibacterial properties,
inhibiting all of the strains tested, esp. Vibrio cholerae, Aeromonas hydrophila and Bacillus subtilis, with MBC ranging from 0.25 to 4
mg/mL. Phenolics and flavonoids were found to be present in the exts. Conclusion: The findings provide support for the use of
this plant in traditional medicine for treatment of diarrhea, esp. cholera.
Answer 286:
External active oxygen scavenging agent and antimicrobial agent containing plant extracts. Kondo, Chiharu; Senoo,
Masami; Takayama, Akemi; Shimura, Takako; Hayashi, Akinari; Kondo, Takeshi. (Kosei Co., Ltd., Japan). Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo
Koho (2000), CODEN: JKXXAF JP 2000095663 A 20000404 Patent written in Japanese. Application: JP 1998-269482
19980924. Priority: JP 1998-269482 19980924. AN 2009:1441368 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))

JP 2000095663 A 20000404 JP 1998-269482 19980924
JP 1998-269482 19980924
Abstract
An external prepn. contains one or more kinds of ext. selected from Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb., Streblus asper Lour., Blumea
balsamifera DC., Pluchea indica(L.) Less., Coccinia indica Wight & Arnott, Coccinia grandis Voight, Gloriosa superba L.,
Heliotropium indicum R. Br., Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Mammea siamensis Kosterm., Michelia champaca L., Murraya paniculata
Jack, Mitragyna speciosa(Korth.) Havil., Morinda citrifolia L., Randia siamensis Craib., Solanum trilosatum L., Diospyros mollis
Griff., Elephantopus scber L., Mesua ferrea L., Micromelum minutum Seem., Orthosiphon stamineus, and Solanum violaceum
Ortega. The prepn. has antimicrobial effect, can inhibit tyrosinase activity, melanin generation and lipid peroxidn., and can be used
for relieving pigmentation, whitening skin, treating dermatitis and preventing skin aging.
Answer 287:
Phytochemical Profile and Anticholinesterase and Antimicrobial Activities of Supercritical versus Conventional Extracts
of Satureja montana. Silva, Filipa V. M.; Martins, Alice; Salta, Joana; Neng, Nuno R.; Nogueira, Jose M. F.; Mira, Delfina;
Gaspar, Natalia; Justino, Jorge; Grosso, Clara; Urieta, Jose S.; Palavra, Antonio M. S.; Rauter, Amelia P. Centro de Quimica e
Bioquimica/Departamento de Quimica e Bioquimica, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Port. Journal of
Agricultural and Food Chemistry (2009), 57(24), 11557-11563. Publisher: American Chemical Society, CODEN: JAFCAU ISSN:
(R))
Abstract
Winter savory Satureja montana is a medicinal herb used in traditional gastronomy for seasoning meats and salads. This study
reports a comparison between conventional (hydrodistn., HD, and Soxhlet extn., SE) and alternative (supercrit. fluid extn., SFE)
extn. methods to assess the best option to obtain bioactive compds. Two different types of exts. were tested, the volatile
(SFE-90 bar, second separator vs HD) and the nonvolatile fractions (SFE-250 bar, first and second separator vs SE). The
inhibitory activity over acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase by S. montana exts. was assessed as a potential indicator for the control
of Alzheimer's disease. The supercrit. nonvolatile fractions, which showed the highest content of (+)-catechin, chlorogenic, vanillic,
and protocatechuic acids, also inhibited selectively and significantly butyrylcholinesterase, whereas the nonvolatile conventional
ext. did not affect this enzyme. Microbial susceptibility tests revealed the great potential of S. montana volatile supercrit. fluid
ext. for the growth control and inactivation of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus, showing some activity against Botrytis spp. and
Pyricularia oryzae. Although some studies were carried out on S. montana, the phytochem. anal. together with the biol. properties,
namely, the anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activities of the plant nonvolatile and volatile supercrit. fluid exts., are described
herein for the first time.
Answer 288:
Naphthalene aglycones and glycosides from the Australian medicinal plant, Dianella callicarpa. Dias, Daniel Anthony;
Silva, Claudio Andres; Urban, Sylvia. School of Applied Sciences (Discipline of Applied Chemistry), RMIT University,
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Planta Medica (2009), 75(13), 1442-1447. Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag, CODEN: PLMEAA
SciFinder (R))
Abstract
The crude ext. of the roots from the Australian medicinal plant Dianella callicarpa (Liliaceae) displayed significant antimicrobial and
antiviral activities. This prompted a chem. investigation, resulting in the isolation of the new naphthalene glycoside, dianellose
(10), together with dianellin (1), dianellidin (2), dianellinone (3), stellalderol (9) and 5-hydroxydianellin (11). The structures for
compds. 1, 9 and 10 were secured by detailed spectroscopic analyses, while compds. 2, 3 and 11 were identified on the basis of
comparisons to literature data. While the chem. of the genus Dianella has previously been investigated, the authors report the
first isolation of stellalderol (9) from this genus, together with the chem. and biol. evaluation of the callicarpa species. Biol.
evaluation of the isolated compds. established that 2 showed antiviral and mild antimicrobial properties and that compds. 1, 9 and
10 displayed moderate antitumor activities.
Answer 289:
Enhanced antimicrobial activity of plant essential oils. Van Beek, Ronald R. (USA). Eur. Pat. Appl. (2009), 7pp.
CODEN: EPXXDW EP 2119363 A2 20091118 Designated States R: AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB,
GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LI, LT, LU, LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, SE, SI, SK, TR. Patent written in English.
Application: EP 2009-251265 20090506. Priority: US 2008-53216P 20080514. CAN 151:522476 AN 2009:1430268 CAPLUS

EP 2119363 A2 20091118 EP 2009-251265 20090506
R: AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LI, LT, LU, LV, MC,
MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, SE, SI, SK, TR
MX 2009004720 A 20091218 MX 2009-4720 20090430
AU 2009201763 A1 20091203 AU 2009-201763 20090504
NZ 576742 A 20101224 NZ 2009-576742 20090505
BR 2009001501 A2 20100427 BR 2009-1501 20090508
AR 71700 A1 20100707 AR 2009-101685 20090508
JP 2009275043 A 20091126 JP 2009-115863 20090512
CA 2665983 A1 20091114 CA 2009-2665983 20090513
US 2008-53216P P 20080514
Abstract
Antimicrobial compns. based on a combination of plant essential oils of enhanced antimicrobial effectiveness are prepd. by adding
to the combination of at least two plant essential oils, a small but antimicrobial enhancing effective amt. of an enhancer selected
from the group consisting of polyionic org. enhancers and polyionic inorg. enhancers. One preferred compn. is a mixt. of plant
essential oils, wherein at least one of the oils is oregano oil.
Answer 290:
Antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants used by tribals against UTI causing pathogens. Sharma, Anjana; Verma,
Rani; Ramteke, Padmini. Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Biological Sciences,
R.D. University, Jabalpur, India. World Applied Sciences Journal (2009), 7(3), 332-339. Publisher: International Digital
Organization for Scientific Information, CODEN: WASJBM ISSN: 1991-6426. http://www.idosi.org/wasj/wasj7(3)/8.pdf Journal;
(R))
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens have evolved numerous defense mechanisms against antimicrobial agents; hence resistance to old and newly
produced drugs is on the rise. The phenomenon of antibiotic resistance exhibited by the pathogenic microorganisms have led to
the need for screening of several medicinal plants for their potential antimicrobial activity. Thus the present study was undertaken
to investigate the antibacterial activity of 15 medicinal plants used by tribals against UTI causing isolates. The antibacterial
activity of aq., ethanol and acetone exts. of Corriander sativum, Abutilon indicum, Boerhavia diffusa andrographis paniculata,
Plantago ovata, Bacopa monnieri, Bauhinia variegata, Flacouratia ramontchi, Embelia tfgerium, Euphorbia ligularia, Zinziber
officinale, Terminalia chebula, Azadirachta indica, Ocimum sanctum and Cinnamomum cassia was detd. against 33 UTI isolates i.e.
Proteus mirabilis (10), Escherichia coli (6), Proteus vulgaris (6), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5), Enterobacter cloacae (2), Providencia
pseudomallei (2), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1) and Klebsiella oxytoca (1) by disk diffusion method. Our studies concluded that
crude exts. of the selected plants esp. the acetone and ethanol exts. exhibited significant activity against UTI pathogens. It can
be concluded that these plants can be used to discover natural products that may serve as lead for the development of new
pharmaceuticals addressing the major therapeutic needs.
Answer 291:
Antimicrobial agents from Rubia cordifolia and Glycyrrhiza glabra against phytopathogens of Gossypium. Naidu, K.
C.; Lalam, Ramya; Bobbarala, Varaprasad. Department of Botany, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India. International
Journal of PharmTech Research (2009), 1(4), 1512-1518. Publisher: Sphinx Knowledge House, CODEN: IJPRIF ISSN:
0974-4304. http://sphinxsai.com/PTVOL4/pdf_vol4/PT=88%20(1512-1518).pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in English.
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of medicinal plant exts. has been recognized for many years. In the present study, 55 plant methanolic
exts. were investigated for antimicrobial activity against, thirteen phytopathogens of Gossypium using agar ditch diffusion
method. Results from the in vitro antimicrobial assays indicated that six plant exts. exhibited antimicrobial activity, in which
highest activity was obsd. from the root exts. of R. cordifolia and G. glabra. Qual. phytochem. tests, Column chromatog. and of
these two active root exts. demonstrated the presence of phyto compds. VIZ, anthraquinones and flavonoids as major active
constituents resp.
Answer 292:
Screening of marine actinomycetes isolated from the Bay of Bengal, India for antimicrobial activity and industrial
enzymes. Ramesh, Subramani; Mathivanan, Narayanasamy. Biocontrol and Microbial Metabolites Lab, Centre for Advanced
Studies in Botany, Guindy Campus, University of Madras, Chennai, India. World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology
(2009), 25(12), 2103-2111. Publisher: Springer, CODEN: WJMBEY ISSN: 0959-3993. Journal written in English. CAN
Abstract
A total of 288 marine samples were collected from different locations of the Bay of Bengal starting from Pulicat lake to
Kanyakumari, and 208 isolates of marine actinomycetes were isolated using starch casein agar medium. The growth pattern,
mycelial coloration, prodn. of exopolysaccharides and diffusible pigment and abundance of Streptomyces spp. were documented.
Among marine actinomycetes, Streptomyces spp. were present in large proportion (88%). Among 208 marine actinomycetes, 111
isolates exhibited antimicrobial activity against human pathogens, and 151 showed antifungal activity against two plant pathogens.
Among 208 isolates, 183, 157, 116, 72 and 68 isolates produced lipase, caseinase, gelatinase, cellulase and amylase, resp. The
results of diversity, antimicrobial activity and enzymes prodn. have increased the scope of finding industrially important marine
actinomycetes from the Bay of Bengal and these organisms could be vital sources for the discovery of industrially useful
mols./enzymes.
Answer 293:
Antibacterial activity of saponin isolated from the leaves of Solanum trilobatum Linn. Thanigaiarassu, Ramalingam R.;
Kannabiran, Krishnan; Khanna, Venkatesan Gopiesh. Biomolecules and Genetics Division, School of Biotechnology, Chemical
and Biomedical Engineering, VIT University, Tamil Nadu, India. Journal of Pharmacy Research (2009), 2(2), 273-276.
Publisher: Journal of Pharmacy Research, CODEN: JPROFW ISSN: 0974-6943.
http://www.phresearchjournal.info/PDF/31502420726.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in English. CAN 152:210617
Abstract
This study was designed to test the antimicrobial potential of ethanol, acetone and Et acetate exts. of leaves, fruits and flowers of
Solanum trilobatum and pure saponin fraction extd. from the leaves against selected bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus,
Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The antibacterial activity was tested by agar disk diffusion
and agar well diffusion method. The plant parts tested were extd. with ethanol, acetone and Et acetate. Almost all the org. solvent
exts. exhibited good inhibitory effect against tested bacterial pathogens. The most susceptible Gram-pos. bacterial species was S.
aureus, while the most susceptible Gram-neg. bacteria was P. aeruginosa. Pure saponin fraction exhibited remarkable antibacterial
activity when compared to crude exts. The antibacterial activity of exts. was found to be comparatively higher than the std.
antibiotics used in this study. These results provide evidence for the antagonistic activity of steroidal saponin against tested
bacterial pathogens. Further, it could be developed as a bactericidal drug to be used as therapeutic agent against bacterial
infections.
Answer 294:
Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of the alkaloids of amlaki (Emblica officinalis). Rahman, S.; Akbor, M. M.; Howlader,
A.; Jabbar, A. Department of Pharmacy, School of Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences (2009), 12(16), 1152-1155. Publisher: Asian Network for Scientific Information, CODEN:
PJBSBI ISSN: 1028-8880. Journal written in English. CAN 152:544311 AN 2009:1389882 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011
Abstract
Alkaloids are important sources of drug that's why we have conducted our research to find out the biol. activity of the alkaloids of
a plant that is the Amlaki. Alkaloids were extd. from the methanolic ext. of the fresh ripe fruits of Amlaki (Emblica officinalis)
through solvent-solvent partitioning method with n-hexane and chloroform. The chloroform sol. fraction of the crude methanolic
ext. of the ripe fruits of Amlaki contg. alkaloids was subjected to antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp lethality bioassay for
observing cytotoxic activity. The chloroform sol. fraction of the methanolic ext. exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against
some Gram pos. and Gram neg. pathogenic bacteria and strong cytotoxicity having a LC50 of 10.2570.770 g mL-1. It is
concluded that the chloroform sol. fraction of the ripe fruits of Amlaki contg. alkaloids are biol. active.
Answer 295:
Control of plant diseases with secondary metabolite of Clitocybe nuda. Chen, Jin-Tong; Huang, Jenn-Wen. Department
of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan. New Biotechnology (2009), 26(3-4), 193-198.
Publisher: Elsevier B.V., CODEN: NBEIBR ISSN: 1871-6784. Journal written in English. CAN 152:256579 AN 2009:1382829
Abstract
Culture filtrates of five strains of Clitocybe nuda displayed various degrees of antimicrobial activity against plant pathogenic fungi
and/or bacteria tested. The culture filtrate of C. nuda strain LA82 was very effective in reducing the incidence of Phytophthora
blight of pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici and the incidence of leaf spot on pepper caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.
vesicatoria. The inhibitory substance in the C. nuda strain LA82 culture filtrate was stable at low and high pH. It was also stable at
high temp. The inhibitory substance was dialyzable in the membrane tubing with mol. wt. cut-off of 1000 but not 500 or 100. It
was also exchangeable by anion but not cation exchange resins, indicating that the inhibitor has a mol. wt. between 1000 and 500,
and neg. charge on its mol. The inhibitor is a hydrophilic compd., but not a protein.
Answer 296:
Antihelicobacter activity of a flavonoid compound isolated from Desmostachya bipinnata. Ramadan, Mohammed A.;
Safwat, N. A. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences (2009), 3(3), 2270-2277. Publisher: INSInet Publications, CODEN: AJBAB3
ISSN: 1991-8178. http://www.insipub.com/ajbas/2009/2270-2277.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in English. CAN
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the potential in vitro antihelicobacter activity of selected Egyptian plants, focusing on the detn. of
the main component responsible for such activity. The main objective is to obtain a natural product have antihelicobacter activity.
Antimicrobial screening for wild Egyptian medicinal plant exts., revealed that five methanolic exts. have good antihelicobacter
activity. Detn. of MICs, revealed that the wild plant, Desmostachya bipinnata (DEM) ext. proved to be the most active one, where
its MIC was 40 g/mL. After fractionation of the DEM ext., Et acetate fraction exhibited excellent antihelicobacter activity. By
further fractionation and purifn., using TLC and column chromatog., a flavonoid compd. was isolated, with MIC value of 62 g/mL.
The isolated compd. was spectroscopically identified as 4'-methoxy quercetin-7-O-glucoside. DEM plant (available as a wild plant
in Egypt) contg. a flavonoid compd. which possesses a good in vitro antihelicobacter activity. The isolated compd. (Quercetin)
might be useful as a chemo-preventive agent for peptic ulcer in H. pylori-infected individuals, after its clin. valuation.
Answer 297:
Preparation of peptides as antimicrobial agents. Huang, Qingshan. (Kunshan Boqing Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Peop. Rep.
China). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing (2009), 21pp. CODEN: CNXXEV CN 101570569 A 20091104 Patent written in Chinese.
Application: CN 2008-10036768 20080429. Priority: CN 2008-10036768 20080429. CAN 152:12636 AN 2009:1380743

CN 101570569 A 20091104 CN 2008-10036768 20080429
CN 2008-10036768 20080429
Abstract
The cDNA sequences of title synthetic antimicrobial peptides are presented. The title antimicrobial peptides are prepd. by chem.
synthesis or gene recombination technique. The inventive synthetic antimicrobial peptides have wide-spectrum killing activity to
gram-pos. bacteria, gram-neg. bacteria, and fungi, and no toxic action on animal and plant cells (with data), and can be used to
prep. medical agents for treating infectious diseases caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus.
Answer 298:
Purification and activity analysis of a fusion protein of human  defensin 3 and plant des-pGlu1-Brazzein and
optimization of lactose inductive conditions. Li, Chunli; Ruan, Hui; Malike, Mault; He, Guoqing. College of Biosystem
Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, Peop. Rep. China. Nongye Shengwu Jishu
Xuebao (2008), 16(6), 1035-1041. Publisher: Nongye Shengwu Jishu Xuebao Bianjibu, CODEN: NSJXAB ISSN: 1006-1304.
Journal written in Chinese. CAN 153:424145 AN 2009:1375670 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
The recombinant protein composed of human  defensin 3 and des-pGlu-Brazzein (hBD3-Bra) expressed heterologously by the
engineered strain Escherichia coli BL21-pET-hBD3-Bra was purified and its activity was analyzed, as well as its lactose inductive
conditions were optimized. The purified hBD3-Bra showed weak antimicrobial activity and tasted little sweet. After cleaved by
thrombin, the released recombinant hBD3 had high antimicrobial activity and the des-pGlu1-Brazzein was 600 times sweeter than
sucrose. The influences of three factors, lactose concn., inductive time and inductive temp., on strain growth and yield of
hBD3-Bra were analyzed. The results indicated that the strain growth was inhibited by higher lactose concn. (P < 0.01), however,
the interested protein expression was not affected by 0.5%-5.0% of lactose (P > 0.05). Biomass was improved along with time
increase (P < 0.01), while the interested protein yield did not increase obviously (P > 0.05). Both strain growth and interested
protein expression were influenced by temp. (P < 0.01), and the optimal temp. for strain growth was 30-32C and for interested
protein expression was 30C. As an inducer, lactose was as good as IPTG (P > 0.05).
Answer 299:
Changes in composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)
fruit at different stages of maturity. Anwar, Farooq; Hussain, Abdullah Ijaz; Sherazi, Syed Tufail Hussain; Bhanger,
Muhammad Iqbal. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pak. Journal of Herbs,
Spices & Medicinal Plants (2009), 15(2), 187-202. Publisher: Taylor & Francis, Inc., CODEN: JHEPEF ISSN: 1049-6475.
Abstract
The chem. compn. and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the hydro-distd. essential oils from the fruit of sweet fennel
(Foeniculum vulgare Miller) were investigated at three stages of maturity (immature, intermediate, and mature). Maximum
essential oil content (3.5%) was obsd. in the mature, and the min. oil content (2.8%) was obsd. in immature fruit. GC-MS anal. of
the fennel essential oils from the plants revealed the presence of trans-anethole (65.2%, 69.7%, 72.6 %); fenchone (8.8%, 10.0%,
11.0%); estragole (6.9%, 6.9%, 7.2 %); and limonene (7.8%, 4.7%, 3.5%) as the main components at immature, intermediate, and
mature stages, resp. Both the essential oils and trans-anethole, the principal constituent, exhibited appreciable antioxidant and
antimicrobial activities as assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical-scavenging ability, bleaching -carotene in linoleic
acid system, inhibition of linoleic acid oxidn., disk diffusion, and microdilution broth assays. The variations in the content of most
components with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in the essential oils as the fruit matured were significant (p < 0.05).
Answer 300:
Antimicrobial activity of essential oils from 13 different plants against streptococci. Mahboubi, M.; Feizabadi, M. M.
Research Center of Barij Essence Pharmaceutical Industry, Kashan, Iran. International Journal of Essential Oil Therapeutics
(2009), 3(1), 40-44. Publisher: Essential Oil Resource Consultants, CODEN: IJEOAB ISSN: 1961-4209. Journal written in
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of essential oils from 13 different plants from Lamiaceae family
against different species of Streptococci using broth micro-diln. assay. The essential oils were identified using GC and GC/MS.
Zataria multiflora, Ziziphora tenuir, Satureja hortensis showed the most antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus species.
Conversely, Zhumeria majdae, Salvia officinalis, Mentha spicata, and Rosmarinus officinalis were less effective. Perovskia
abrotanoides, Mentha pulegium, Mentha piperita, Hyssopus officinalis, Ocimum basilicum and Lavandula stoechas showed
moderate activity. An isolate of Streptococcus mutans was the most susceptible cocci to these compds. (MIC values 1 l/mL).
Conversely, with the exception of Z. multiflora oil (MIC values = 1 l/mL), Enterococcus faecalis (group D streptococci) was
resistant to all tested essential oils (MIC >2 l/mL). The results suggest that the differences in antimicrobial activity of oils may
be attributable to the major chem. components of the essential oils. The essential oils from Zataria multiflora and Satureja
hortensis possessed antimicrobial properties against streptococci apparently related to their high phenolic content, particularly
thymol and carvacrol. Further in vivo expt. should be done for confirmation of their potency in practical uses.
Answer 301:
In vitro antimicrobial activity Ceriops decandra against selected aquatic, human and phytopathogens. Vadlapudi,
Varahalarao; Naidu, K. Chandrasekhar. Phytochemical lab, Department of Botany, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam,
Visakhapatnam, India. International Journal of ChemTech Research (2009), 1(4), 1236-1238. Publisher: Sphinx Knowledge
House, CODEN: IJCRGG ISSN: 0974-4290. http://sphinxsai.com/CTVOL4/ct_pdf_vol_4/CT=73%20(1236-1238).pdf Journal;
Online Computer File written in English. CAN 152:587264 AN 2009:1320104 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on
SciFinder (R))
Abstract
Mangroves are unique group of vascular plants that occur in saline coastal habitats. Some mangroves are used for a wide range
of conditions including bacterial, fungal and viral diseases. These specialized plants are known to tolerate extreme environmental
conditions. Comparative antimicrobial activities studies on hexane, chloroform and methanol exts. of Ceriops decandra mangrove
medicinal plant was carried out, using Disk Diffusion Assay. The MeOH exts. of C. decandra showed prominent antimicrobial
activities, while chloroform and hexane exts. show very less or no antimicrobial activity.
Answer 302:
Bioactivity of marine mangrove plant Avicennia alba on selected plant and oral pathogens. Vadlapudi, Varahalarao;
Naidu, K. Chandrasekhar. Phytochemical lab, Department of Botany, Andhra University Visakhapatnam, Visakhapatnam,
India. International Journal of ChemTech Research (2009), 1(4), 1213-1216. Publisher: Sphinx Knowledge House, CODEN:
IJCRGG ISSN: 0974-4290. http://sphinxsai.com/CTVOL4/ct_pdf_vol_4/CT%20=69%20(1313-1316).pdf Journal; Online Computer
File written in English. CAN 152:582946 AN 2009:1320100 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
In this present study Avicennia alba was screened for antimicrobial activity against some clin. and Phytopathogens. The plant
parts of A. alba were collected from coringa forest near Kakinada area, dried and extd. successively with hexane, chloroform and
methanol using the soxhlet extn. app. The antimicrobial activities of the plant exts. on the various test microorganisms, including
multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria, were investigated. Antimicrobial activities of the exts. were detd. by the well diffusion
method. The exptl. results concluded that plant exts. of A. alba have greater potential as antimicrobial compds. against
microorganisms and that they can be used in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by resistant pathogenic microorganisms.
Answer 303:
Isolation, diversity, and antimicrobial activity of rare actinobacteria from medicinal plants of tropical rain forests in
Xishuangbanna, China. Qin, Sheng; Li, Jie; Chen, Hua-Hong; Zhao, Guo-Zhen; Zhu, Wen-Yong; Jiang, Cheng-Lin; Xu, Li-Hua;
Li, Wen-Jun. Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education and Laboratory for Conservation and
Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Peop. Rep. China. Applied and
Environmental Microbiology (2009), 75(19), 6176-6186. Publisher: American Society for Microbiology, CODEN: AEMIDF ISSN:
(R))
Abstract
Endophytic actinobacteria are relatively unexplored as potential sources of novel species and novel natural products for medical
and com. exploitation. Xishuangbanna is recognized throughout the world for its diverse flora, esp. the rain forest plants, many of
which have indigenous pharmaceutical histories. However, little is known about the endophytic actinobacteria of this tropical area.
In this work, we studied the diversity of actinobacteria isolated from medicinal plants collected from tropical rain forests in
Xishuangbanna. By the use of different selective isolation media and methods, a total of 2,174 actinobacteria were isolated.
Forty-six isolates were selected on the basis of their morphologies on different media and were further characterized by 16S rRNA
gene sequencing. The results showed an unexpected level of diversity, with 32 different genera. To our knowledge, this is the
first report describing the isolation of Saccharopolyspora, Dietzia, Blastococcus, Dactylosporangium, Promicromonospora,
Oerskovia, Actinocorallia, and Jiangella species from endophytic environments. At least 19 isolates are considered novel taxa by
our current research. In addn., all 46 isolates were tested for antimicrobial activity and were screened for the presence of genes
encoding polyketide synthetases and nonribosomal peptide synthetases. The results confirm that the medicinal plants of
Xishuangbanna represent an extremely rich reservoir for the isolation of a significant diversity of actinobacteria, including novel
species, that are potential sources for the discovery of biol. active compds.
Answer 304:
Composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and extracts of Stachys inflata Benth from
Iran. Ebrahimabadi, Abdolrasoul H.; Ebrahimabadi, Ebrahim H.; Djafari-Bidgoli, Zahra; Kashi, Fereshteh Jookar; Mazoochi,
Asma; Batooli, Hossein. Essential Oils Research Institute, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran. Food Chemistry (2009),
Volume Date 2010, 119(2), 452-458. Publisher: Elsevier B.V., CODEN: FOCHDJ ISSN: 0308-8146. Journal written in English.
Abstract
Compn. and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and methanol ext. polar and nonpolar subfractions of Stachys
inflata were detd. GC and GC/MS analyze of the essential oil showed 45 constituents representing 95.46% of the oil, the major
components linalool (28.55%), -terpineol (9.45%), spathulenol (8.37%) and (2E)-hexenal (4.62%) constituted 50.99% of it.
Essential oil and exts. were also tested for their antioxidant activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and
-carotene/linoleic acid assays. In the DPPH test, IC50 value for the polar subfraction was 89.50 g/mL, indicating an antioxidant
potency of about 22% of that of butylated hydroxytoluene (IC50 = 19.72 g/mL) for this ext. In -carotene/linoleic acid assay,
the best inhibition belonged to the nonpolar subfraction (77.08%). Total phenolic content of the polar and nonpolar ext. subfractions
was 5.4 and 2.8% (wt./wt.), resp. The plant also showed a week antimicrobial activity against three strains of tested
microorganisms. Linalool and -terpineol were also tested as major components of the oil and showed no antioxidant but
considerable antimicrobial activities.
Answer 305:
Edible apple film wraps containing plant antimicrobials inactivate foodborne pathogens on meat and poultry products.
Ravishankar, Sadhana; Zhu, Libin; Olsen, Carl W.; McHugh, Tara H.; Friedman, Mendel. Dept. of Veterinary Science and
Microbiology, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. Journal of Food Science (2009), 74(8), M440-M445. Publisher:
Wiley-Blackwell, CODEN: JFDSAZ ISSN: 0022-1147. Journal written in English. CAN 151:468591 AN 2009:1298880
Abstract
Apple-based edible films contg. plant antimicrobials were evaluated for their activity against pathogenic bacteria on meat and
poultry products. Salmonella enterica or E. coli O157:H7 (107 CFU/g) cultures were surface inoculated on chicken breasts and
Listeria monocytogenes (106 CFU/g) on ham. The inoculated products were then wrapped with edible films contg. 3 concns. (0.5%,
1.5%, and 3%) of cinnamaldehyde or carvacrol. Following incubation at either 23 or 4 C for 72 h, samples were stomached in
buffered peptone water, dild., and plated for enumeration of survivors. The antimicrobial films exhibited concn.-dependent
activities against the pathogens tested. At 23 C on chicken breasts, films with 3% antimicrobials showed the highest redns. (4.3
to 6.8 log CFU/g) of both S. enterica and E. coli O157:H7. Films with 1.5% and 0.5% antimicrobials showed 2.4 to 4.3 and 1.6 to
2.8 log redns., resp. At 4 C, carvacrol exhibited greater activity than did cinnamaldehyde. Films with 3%, 1.5%, and 0.5%
carvacrol reduced the bacterial populations by about 3, 1.6 to 3, and 0.8 to 1 logs, resp. Films with 3% and 1.5% cinnamaldehyde
induced 1.2 to 2.8 and 1.2 to 1.3 log redns., resp. For L. monocytogenes on ham, carvacrol films induced greater redns. than did
cinnamaldehyde films at all concns. tested. In general, the redn. of L. monocytogenes on ham at 23 C was greater than at 4 C.
Added antimicrobials had minor effects on phys. properties of the films. The results suggest that the food industry and
consumers could use these films as wrappings to control surface contamination by foodborne pathogenic microorganisms.
Answer 306:
Chemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Rhynchosia heynei, an endemic medicinal
plant from Eastern Ghats of India. Bhakshu, L. Md.; Raju, R. R. Venkata. Department of Plant Sciences, University of
Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, India. Pharmaceutical Biology (London, United Kingdom) (2010), Volume Date 2009,
47(11), 1067-1070. Publisher: Informa Healthcare, CODEN: PHBIFC ISSN: 1388-0209. Journal written in English. CAN
Abstract
Rhynchosia heynei Wt. & Arn. (Fabaceae) is an endemic medicinal plant found in the forests of Eastern Ghats of India. The
essential oil obtained from the leaves by steam distn. was studied for antimicrobial activity and chem. characterization. The
essential oil exhibited a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity on eight bacterial and three fungal strains. The essential oil was
characterized chem. using gas chromatog. with flame ionization detector. The majority of the components of the essential oil of R.
heynei are oxygenated terpenes, such as, terpineol, camphene hydrate, germacrene-D, humulene, and linalool. etc.
Answer 307:
Isolation, characterization and antimicrobial activity at diverse dilution of wheat Puroindoline protein. Dhatwalia, Vinod
Kumar; Sati, O. P.; Tripathi, M. K.; Kumar, Ashok. Department of Chemistry, H.N.B. Gharwal University, Shrinagar, India.
World Journal of Agricultural Sciences (2009), 5(3), 297-300. Publisher: International Digital Organization for Scientific
Information, CODEN: WJASAL ISSN: 1817-3047. http://www.idosi.org/wjas/wjas5(3)/5.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written
Abstract
During the hydrated part of seeds life, i.e. maturation and germination, seeds are very sensitive to viruses, fungi and bacteria.
Many proteins involved in the microbial defense mechanism of plants. Puroindoline is the main component of a new family of
proteins that has been suggested to exert an antimicrobial activity in plant seeds. Puroindoline has been Isolated from wheat
endosperm by Triton X-1 14 phase partitioning. Antimicrobial peptides play a role in the immune systems of animals and plants by
limiting pathogen infection and growth. Puroindoline may also be a membranotoxin that might play a role in the defense
mechanism of plants against microbial pathogens. With the aim to enhance our knowledge of Puroindoline protein we studied their
isolation, characterization and their antimicrobial activity in vitro against four different bacterial strains at diverse diln. Thus
deserve further studies aimed at establishing their possible future applications in fields of food and health care.
Answer 308:
Screening of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Midi-Pyrenees aromatic plants. El Kalamouni, C.; Raynaud, C.;
Talou, T.; Venskutonis, P. R. SENSORIC - Agro-industrial Chemistry Laboratory UMR 1010 INRA/INPT, Universite de Toulouse,
Toulouse, Fr. Chemine Technologija (Kaunas, Lithuania) (2009), (3), 69-73. Publisher: Technologija, CODEN: CTHEBZ
SciFinder (R))
Abstract
The antioxidant activity of essential oils from aerial parts of four plants, namely Tanacetum balsamita, Calamintha grandiflora,
Myrrhis odorata and Monarda didyma, from the Midi-Pyrenees region of France were detd. by the Oxipress method, and the
antimicrobial activity of each oil was evaluated against nine bacteria species. All tested essential oils were able to retard the oxidn.
of sunflower oil, and their antioxidant capacity decreased in the following order: M. didyma > C. grandiflora > M. odorata > T.
balsamita. The antioxidant activity of the essential oils was dose-dependent and in case of the highest dose (0.2%) of M. didyma,
C. grandiflora and M. odorata it exceeded the antioxidant capacity of the synthetic compd. BHT added at a concn. of 0.02%.
Antimicrobial activity tests showed that Gram-pos. bacteria to be more sensitive the Gram-neg., esp. Bacillus cereus which was
the most sensitive species for M. didyma essential oil at a concn. of 1%. M. didyma oil possessed an inhibitory effect against all
test cultures. Most likely the high percentage of the strong antimicrobial agent thymol in M. didyma oil was the main factor for its
pronounced antimicrobial activity.
Answer 309:
Comparative study of anthocyanin composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity in bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus l.)
and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum l.) fruits. Burdulis, Deividas; Sarkinas, Antanas; Jasutiene, Ina; Stackeviciene,
Elicija; Nikolajevas, Laurynas; Janulis, Valdimaras. Department of Pharmacognosy, Kaunas University of Medicine, Kaunas,
Lithuania. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica (2009), 66(4), 399-408. Publisher: Polish Pharmaceutical Society, CODEN: APPHAX
SciFinder (R))
Abstract
Simultaneous comparison of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L) fruits for their anthocyanin
compn., antimicrobial and antioxidant activity is reported. The aim of this study was to investigate and to compare anthocyanin
compn., antimicrobial and antioxidant activity in bilberry and blueberry fruits and their skins. The investigations revealed that the
highest amt. of total anthocyanins was obsd. in fruits skins of blueberry cultivars. The results, obtained by chromatog. anal.,
indicated that cyanidin is a dominant anthocyanidin in bilberry and malvidin in blueberry samples. Exts. of "Herbert", "Coville",
"Toro" blueberry cultivars and bilberry fruits revealed antimicrobial properties. Citrobacter freundii (ATCC 8090) and Enterococcus
faecalis (ATCC29212) were the most sensitive among eight tested Gram-neg. and Gram-pos. bacteria. Significant differences
between berry and skin exts. were not established. Studies with fruits showed that the strongest antioxidant activity possesses
blueberry cultivar "Berkeley" (82.13  0.51%). Meanwhile, the amt. of quenched free radicals in bilberry samples was 63.72 
1.11%, resp. The lowest antioxidant activity was estd. in blueberry cultivar "Coville". Accordingly, the strongest antiradical
properties were estd. in blueberry cultivar "Ama" fruit skins. Bilberry fruit skin samples possess strong antiradical activity as well
(82.69  0.37%).
Answer 310:
Antimicrobial activity and stability of fermentation broth of Streptomyces fradiae Var S-221Tu. Ni, Guorong; Tu, Xiaorong;
Zhang, Zhiping; Tu, Guoquan. College of Bioscience & Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province,
Peop. Rep. China. Zhongguo Niangzao (2009), (2), 37-39. Publisher: Beijing Zhongniang Zazhishe, CODEN: ZHNIDA ISSN:
0254-5071. Journal written in Chinese. CAN 152:114539 AN 2009:1275665 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on
SciFinder (R))
Abstract
This paper was focused on the antimicrobial activity of the fermn. broth of Streptomyces fradiae Var S-221Tu on bacteria and ten
of plant pathogens by using the der-plate assay and mycelium growth rate. The results showed the fermn. broth of Streptomyces
fradiae Var S-221Tu exhibited strong inhibitory on Gram-pos. and Gram-neg. bacteria as well as ten of plant pathogens.
Preliminary studies on stability of fermn. broth showed that the fermn. soln. of Streptomyces fradiae Var S-221Tu was stable to
temp., UV and pH.
Answer 311:
Extraction and anti-microbial activities of total flavonoid from the leaves of Capparis spinosa L. Li, Guoqing; Han,
Zhiguo; Li, Jia; Li, Xuefeng; Ababakri, Sultan. College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang
Province, Peop. Rep. China. Shipin Gongye Keji (2009), 30(1), 195-198. Publisher: Shipin Gongye Keji Bianjibu, CODEN:
SGOKE6 ISSN: 1002-0306. Journal written in Chinese. CAN 152:128555 AN 2009:1275392 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011
Abstract
Flavonoids from leaves of Capparis spinosa L. was extd. with the ultrasonic-assisted extn. (UAE) and antibiotic function of
different component of leaves of Capparis spinosa L., which was extd. by ethanol, were discussed. Orthogonal test was used to
evaluate the influence of the 4 factors. Antibacterial expts. were conducted in agar plate diln. method. The optimum extn. was as
follows: adding 75% ethanol into leaves of Capparis spinosa L., extg. 50 min, the rate of solid and liq. 1:25, and no. of extn.
cycles 5. Both Et acetate fraction and n-butanol fraction of the plant species had stronger antimicrobial activity than that of
petroleum ether fraction in antibacterial expts. None of them were obsd. to have anti-fungal activity. The active antimicrobial
compds. could be related to moderate polarity in leaves of Capparis spinosa L., so that it was presumed that flavonoid and
alkaloids in the n-butanol fraction and Et acetate fraction.
Answer 312:
Study of the antimicrobial properties of the essential oil of Rosemary. Moghtader, M.; Afzali, D. Department of
Biodiversity, Research Institute for Environmental Sciences, Iran. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental
Sciences (2009), 5(3), 393-397. Publisher: International Digital Organization for Scientific Information, CODEN: AJAECB ISSN:
1818-6769. http://www.idosi.org/aejaes/jaes5(3)/14.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in English. CAN 153:5266 AN
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Rosemary plant with tetracycline antibiotic
and resistant microorganisms. The aerial parts of rosemary were collected from Research Center for Medicinal Plants at Shahid
Bahonar University of Kerman prior to the blooming stage. After drying the plant materials in shade, essential oil was obtained by
hydro-distn. method. The study of antimicrobial effect of the oil sample was conducted on nine strains of pathogenic bacteria
resistant by disk diffusion assay and measuring the diams. of zones of inhibition from growth. The 41 components were identified
in the essential oil of Rosemary, the main constituents are -pinene (15.52%), camphor (11.66%) and verbenone (11.10%) and
1,8-cineole (10.63%). The results showed that the essential oil of Rosemary has an effective controlling and antimicrobial power
against all pos. and neg. bacteria. The antimicrobial impacts of the essential oil of Rosemary plant under investigation can be
related with the high percentage of -pinene, camphor, verbenone and 1,8-cineole.
Answer 313:
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from fruits of Vanasushava pedata (Apiaceae).
Karuppusamy, S.; Muthuraja, G.; Rajasekaran, K. M. Department of Botany, The Madura College, Madurai, India. Advances
in Biological Research (2009), 3(5-6), 196-200. Publisher: International Digital Organization for Scientific Information, CODEN:
ABRDB2 ISSN: 1992-0067. http://www.idosi.org/abr/3(5-6)/11.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in English. CAN
Abstract
Essential oil from fruits of Vanasushava pedata were obtained by hydrodistn. and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The major
components in the fruit oil were -cymene (13.7%), -Pinene (10.1%) and -Pinene (5.1%). The study was conducted to det. the
antibacterial and antifungal activities of V. pedata fruit oil against both bacteria and fungi using the disk diffusion method. The ext.
showed significant antibacterial activities against three gram-pos. (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter
aerogenes) and three gram-neg. (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi) bacteria. The min. inhibitory
concn. (MIC) values against these bacteria ranged from 16 to 64 g/mL. The antifungal activities were found strong against three
fungi (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans). Essential oil can be used in the medicine to treat many diseases
including bacterial and fungal infections.
Answer 314:
A review -garlic, the spice of life-(part-I). Tripathi, Kishu. Surya College of Pharmacy, Lucknow, India. Asian Journal of
Research in Chemistry (2009), 2(1), 08-13. Publisher: Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, CODEN: AJRCBL ISSN:
0974-4169. http://www.ajrconline.org/AJRC%20V0l2%20%281%29%20PDF%20Final/2RA.pdf Journal; General Review; Online
Abstract
A review. Garlic [Allium sativum] is among the oldest of all cultivated plants. It has been used as a medicinal agent for thousands
of years. It is a remarkable plant, which has multiple beneficial effects such as antimicrobial, antithrombotic, hypolipidemic,
antiarthritic, hypoglycemic and antitumor activity etc.
Answer 315:
Molecular and morphological markers for rapid distinction between 2 Colletotrichum species. Pileggi, Sonia Alvim
Veiga; Vieira de Oliveira, Sarah Franco; Andrade, Caroline Waculicz; Vicente, Vania Aparecida; Dalzoto, Patricia do Rocio; Kniphoff
da Cruz, Gerson; Gabardo, Juarez; Massola, Nelson Sidnei; Tozze, Hugo Jose; Pileggi, Marcos; Kava-Cordeiro, Vanessa;
Galli-Terasawa, Lygia Vitoria; Pimentel, Ida Chapaval; Stringari, Danyelle; Glienke, Chirlei. Departamento de Biologia Estrutural,
Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil. Canadian Journal of Microbiology (2009), 55(9),
1076-1088. Publisher: National Research Council of Canada, CODEN: CJMIAZ ISSN: 0008-4166. Journal written in English.
Abstract
Endophytic microorganisms reside asymptomatically within plants and are a source of new bioactive products for use in medicine,
agriculture, and industry. Colletotrichum (teleomorph Glomerella) is a fungus widely cited in the literature as a producer of
antimicrobial substances. Identification at the species level, however, has been a problem in this type of study. Several authors
have reported the presence of endophytic fungi from the medicinal plant Maytenus ilicifolia ("espinheira-santa") in Brazil that has
antimicrobial activity against various pathogens. Therefore, Colletotrichum strains were isolated from M. ilicifolia and identified
based on morphol., RAPD markers, sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS-1 and ITS-2), the 5.8S gene, and
species-specific PCR. The analyses suggested the presence of 2 species, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum
boninense. Two morphol. markers were characterized to allow C. gloeosporioides and C. boninense to be distinguished quickly and
accurately. The mol. diagnosis of C. boninense was confirmed by using Col1 and ITS4 primers. This species of Colletotrichum is
reported for the first time in M. ilicifolia.
Answer 316:
Enhancing safety and aroma appealing of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables using the antimicrobial and aromatic power of
essential oils. Ayala-Zavala, J. Fernando; Gonzalez-Aguilar, Gustavo A.; Del-Toro-Sanchez, L. Coordinacion de Tecnologia de
Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C., Hermosillo, Sonora, Mex. Journal of
Food Science (2009), 74(7), R84-R91. Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell, CODEN: JFDSAZ ISSN: 0022-1147. Journal; General
Review written in English. CAN 151:446361 AN 2009:1221359 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
A review. Microbial and aroma attributes are within the most decisive factors limiting safety and sensory appealing of fresh-cut
fruits and vegetables. Alternatively, several plant essential oils (EOs) are constituted of several volatile active compds. and most
of them present antimicrobial potential and had different aroma profile. Considering these premises, this hypothesis article states
that safety and aroma appealing of fresh-cut produce could be improved with EO treatment. EOs could prevent fresh-cut fruit
decay; however, their volatile constituents could be sorbed by the produce, and according to the aroma notes of the antimicrobial
oil, sensorial appealing of odor, and flavor of the treated produce might be affected pos. or neg. Specifically, garlic oil is a natural
antimicrobial constituted by sulfur compds., which are responsible for its odor and antimicrobial properties. Besides, fresh-cut
tomato is a highly perishable product that needs antimicrobial agents to preserve its quality and safety for a longer period of time.
From the sensorial point of view, aroma combination of garlic and tomato is a common seasoning practice in Europe and America
and well accepted by consumers. Once the right combination of flavors between the EOs and fresh-cut produce has been
selected, safety and quality of the treated fruit could be improved by adding antimicrobial protection and extra aroma. Therefore,
other combinations between EOs and fresh-cut produce are discussed. This approxn. could reinforce the trends of natural food
preservation, accomplishing the demands of the increasing sector of consumers demanding tasty and convenient fresh-cut
produce, contg. only natural ingredients.
Answer 317:
Characterization of a Capsicum chinense seed peptide fraction with broad antibacterial activity. Brito-Argaez, L.;
Moguel-Salazar, F.; Zamudio, F.; Gonzalez-Estrada, T.; Islas-Flores, I. Unidad de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular de Plantas,
Centro de Investigacion Cientifica de Yucatan A.C, Yucatan, Mex. Asian Journal of Biochemistry (2009), 4(3), 77-87.
Publisher: Academic Journals, CODEN: AJBSCO ISSN: 1815-9923. Journal written in English. CAN 153:401728 AN
Abstract
Habanera chili pepper (Capsicum chinense) is widely consumed as a fresh vegetable, although its extremely high capsaicin
content has led to other uses (e.g., medicine and self-defense). Recently described antimicrobial peptides from C. annuum were
very efficient in inhibiting growth in human and plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi. In order to explore the potential use of
Capsicum chinense seeds as a source of antimicrobial peptides, in the present study a peptide fraction from C. chinense pepper
seeds, denominated G10P1, was enriched, partially purified and its antimicrobial activity tested against the plant and human
pathogens Xanthomonas campestris, Pseudomonas syringae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Erwinia carotovora, Agrobacterium sp.,
Shigella flexnerii, Escherichia coli, Staphyllococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. The min. inhibitory concn. of the G10P1 peptide
fraction against X. campestris was 12.5 g mL-1. Electrophoresis of the G10P1 in a denaturant 15% polyacrylamide gel showed it
to be composed of .apprx.7.57 and .apprx.5.6 kDa polypeptides, both assocd. with an area of strong antibacterial activity. The
sequencing of 18 amino acids from the N-terminal of the .apprx.7.57 peptides and 12 from the .apprx.5.6 kDa peptides showed no
clear assocn. with previously described antimicrobial peptides. However, the .apprx.5.6 kDa peptides were related to the NAC and
WRKY transcription factors, both involved in direct regulation of the plant defense response against pathogen attack and the
.apprx.7.57 kDa peptides had low homol. with a 3-oxo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase from Capsicum chinense.
Answer 318:
Discovery, structure and biological activities of cyclotides. Daly, Norelle L.; Rosengren, K. Johan; Craik, David J.
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Advanced Drug Delivery
Reviews (2009), 61(11), 918-930. Publisher: Elsevier B.V., CODEN: ADDREP ISSN: 0169-409X. Journal; General Review
Abstract
A review. Cyclotides are small disulfide-rich peptides that are characterized by a head-to-tail cyclized peptide backbone and a
knotted arrangement of 3 conserved disulfide bonds. They are present in many plants from the Violaceae, Rubiaceae, and
Cucurbitaceae families, with individual plants expressing a suite of dozens of cyclotides. So far >140 sequences and 15
3-dimensional structures have been detd. but it is estd. that the family probably comprises many thousands of members. Their
primary function in plants is thought to be as defense agents, based on their potent insecticidal activity, but they also have a
range of other biol. activities, including anti-HIV, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities. Because of their exceptional stability they
have attracted interest as templates for protein engineering and drug design applications. This article gives an overview of the
discovery of cyclotides, describes their unique structural features and range of bioactivities, and discusses their applications in
drug design.
Answer 319:
Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of some arylidenehydrazonofuropyrimidines and

thienopyrimidines. Bhuiyan, Mosharef Hosasain; Rahman, Khandker M. M.; Islam, Imjamul. Department of Chemistry,
University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research (2009), 52(4),
180-185. Publisher: Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, CODEN: PSIRAA ISSN: 0030-9885. Journal written
Abstract
5,6-Diphenylfuro[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one was obtained by a cyclization reaction of 2-amino-4,5-diphenyl-3-furancarboxylic acid

Et ester. Chlorination of that compd. provided 4-chloro-5,6-diphenylfuro[2,3-d]pyrimidine which underwent further reactions with
hydrazine hydrate and benzaldehyde derivs. Furo[3,2-e][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-c]pyrimidine was formed by a reaction of a hydrazine
deriv. with formic acid. Treatment of a hydrazine deriv. with arom. aldehydes afforded [(arylidene)hydrazone]furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine
derivs. A reaction of 2-amino-4-ethyl-5-methyl-3-thiophenecarbonitrile with carbon disulfide, followed by methylation with Me iodide
and subsequent reaction with hydrazine hydrate afforded 5-ethyl-4-hydrazinyl-6-methylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine and the product
structures of these above-mentioned targets were confirmed by spectroscopic methods. The antimicrobial activity of these
compds. was confirmed against Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio cholerae, Curvularia lunata,
Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum corchori, Fusarium equiseti and Macrophomina phaseolina (fungal plant pathogens).
Answer 320:
Bacterial evolution by genomic island transfer occurs via DNA transformation in planta. Lovell, Helen C.; Mansfield,
John W.; Godfrey, Scott A. C.; Jackson, Robert W.; Hancock, John T.; Arnold, Dawn L. Centre for Research in Plant Science,
University of the West of England, Bristol, UK. Current Biology (2009), 19(18), 1586-1590. Publisher: Cell Press, CODEN:
CUBLE2 ISSN: 0960-9822. Journal written in English. CAN 151:465481 AN 2009:1192008 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011
Abstract
Summary: Our understanding of the evolution of microbial pathogens has been advanced by the discovery of "islands" of DNA
that differ from core genomes and contain determinants of virulence . The acquisition of genomic islands (GIs) by horizontal gene
transfer (HGT) is thought to have played a major role in microbial evolution. There are, however, few practical demonstrations of
the acquisition of genes that control virulence, and, significantly, all have been achieved outside the animal or plant host. Loss of
a GI from the bean pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Pph) is driven by exposure to the stress imposed by the
plant's resistance response. Here, we show that the complete episomal island, which carries pathogenicity genes including the
effector avrPphB, transfers between strains of Pph by transformation in planta and inserts at a specific att site in the genome of
the recipient. Our results show that the evolution of bacterial pathogens by HGT may be achieved via transformation, the
simplest mechanism of DNA exchange. This process is activated by exposure to plant defenses, when the pathogen is in greatest
need of acquiring new genetic traits to alleviate the antimicrobial stress imposed by plant innate immunity .
Answer 321:
Isolation and activity of Xenorhabdus antimicrobial compounds against the plant pathogens Erwinia amylovora and
Phytophthora nicotianae. Boszormenyi, E.; Ersek, T.; Fodor, A.; Fodor, A. M.; Foldes, L. Sz.; Hevesi, M.; Hogan, J. S.;
Katona, Z.; Klein, M. G.; Kormany, A.; Pekar, S.; Szentirmai, A.; Sztaricskai, F.; Taylor, R. A. J. Department of Genetics,
Eotvos University, Budapest, Hung. Journal of Applied Microbiology (2009), 107(3), 746-759. Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell,
CODEN: JAMIFK ISSN: 1364-5072. Journal written in English. CAN 152:587260 AN 2009:1190592 CAPLUS (Copyright
Abstract
Broad-spectrum antibiotics produced by symbiotic bacteria [entomopathogenic bacterium (EPB)] of entomopathogenic nematodes
keep monoxenic conditions in insect cadavers in soil. This study evaluated antibiotics produced by EPB for their potential to
control plant pathogenic bacteria and oomycetes. Entomopathogenic bacterium produce antibiotics effective against the fire blight
bacterium Erwinia amylovora, including streptomycin resistant strains, and were as effective in phytotron expts. as kasugamycin
or streptomycin. Xenorhabdus budapestensis and X. szentirmaii antibiotics inhibited colony formation and mycelial growth of
Phytophthora nicotianae. From X. budapestensis, an arginine-rich fraction (bicornutin) was adsorbed by Amberlite XAD 1180, and
eluted with methanol:1 N HCl (99:1). Bicornutin inactivated zoospores, and inhibited germination and colony formation of
cystospores at .mchlt.25 ppm. An UV-active mol. (bicornutin-A, MW = 826), sepd. by HPLC and thin-layer chromatog., was
identified as a novel hexa-peptide:RLRRRX. Xenorhabdus budapestensis produces metabolites with strong antibacterial and
cytotoxic activity. Individual compds. can be isolated, identified and patented, but their full antimicrobial potential may be
multiplied by synergic interactions. Active compds. of two new Xenorhabdus species might control plant diseases caused by
pathogens of great importance to agriculture such as Erw. amylovora and P. nicotianae.
Answer 322:
Termite usage associated with antibiotic therapy: enhancement of aminoglycoside antibiotic activity by natural products
of Nasutitermes corniger. Coutinho, Henrique D. M.; Vasconcellos, Alexandre; Lima, Micheline A.; Almeida-Filho, Geraldo G.;
Alves, Romulo R. N. Laboratorio de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Brazil. BMC
Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2009), 9 No pp. given. Publisher: BioMed Central Ltd., CODEN: BCAMCV ISSN:
1472-6882. http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1472-6882-9-35.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in English.
Abstract
Several species from Insecta are used as remedies. Among these species, the termite Nasutitermes corniger is commonly used
in traditional medicine in Northeast Brazil. The present work tests the modifying antibiotic activity of Nasutitermes corniger, a
termite used in folk medicine in Northeastern region of Brazil. Chlorpromazine and the decocts of N. corniger were collected from
two different plant species used in the traditional medicine were tested for their antimicrobial activity against strains of Escherichia
coli resistant to aminoglycosides. The growth of two bacterial strains of E. coli was tested using the decocts and chlorpromazine
alone or assocd. with aminogycosides. The MIC and MBC values were 1024g/mL for both strains of E. coli assayed. A
significant synergism was obsd. between both decocts and chlorpromazine when assayed with neomycin. This synergism with
neomycin indicates the involvement of an efflux system in the resistance to this aminoglycoside. Therefore it is suggested that
natural products from N. corniger could be used as a source of zoo-derived natural products with modifying antibiotic activity to
aminoglycosides, being a new weapon against the bacterial resistance to antibiotics.
Answer 323:
Enzymatic antimicrobial and antifouling coatings and polymeric materials. McDaniel, C. Steven; Wales, Melinda E.;
Carvajal, Juan Carlo. (Reactive Surfaces, Ltd., USA). U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. (2009), 242 pp., Cont.-in-part of U.S. Ser. No.
655,345. CODEN: USXXCO US 20090238811 A1 20090924 Patent written in English. Application: US 2008-243755
20081001. Priority: US 2002-409102P 20020909; US 2003-655345 20030904; US 2007-976676P 20071001; US 2003-485234P

20030703; US 2004-884355 20040702; US 2008-57705P 20080530; US 2008-58025P 20080602; US 2008-243755 20081001;
US 2009-148502P 20090130; US 2009-474921 20090529. CAN 151:405452 AN 2009:1169638 CAPLUS (Copyright (C)

US 20090238811 A1 20090924 US 2008-243755 20081001
US 20040109853 A1 20040610 US 2003-655345 20030904
US 20100233146 A1 20100916 US 2009-474921 20090529
US 20100210745 A1 20100819 US 2010-696651 20100129
US 2002-409102P P 20020909
US 2003-655345 A2 20030904
US 2007-976676P P 20071001
US 2003-485234P P 20030703
US 2004-884355 A2 20040702
US 2008-57705P P 20080530
US 2008-58025P P 20080602
US 2008-243755 A2 20081001
US 2009-148502P P 20090130
US 2009-474921 A2 20090529
Abstract
A coating compn. comprises a coating that comprises an active enzyme, wherein the coating comprises an architectural coating,
an automotive coating, a can coating, a sealant coating, a chem. agent resistant coating, a camouflage coating, a pipeline coating,
a traffic marker coating, an aircraft coating, a nuclear power plant coating, or a combination thereof, and wherein the active
enzyme comprises an antimicrobial enzyme, a peptidase, an esterase, a petroleum lipolytic enzyme, or a combination thereof.
Also disclosed herein are methods of retarding or preventing microbial growth on or in a coating, paint, textile finish, wax,
elastomer, adhesive, sealant, filler, or a polymeric material, where such a surface material includes an enzyme that degrades cell
wall or cell membrane components (e.g., a lysozyme, lytic transglycosylase).
Answer 324:
A study on the composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the leaf essential oil of Apium leptophylum (Pers.)
Benth. growing in Ethiopia. Asamenew, Gelila; Tadesse, Solomon; Asres, Kaleab; Mazumder, Avijit; Bucar, Franz.
Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia. Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Journal
(2008), 26(2), 95-102. Publisher: Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Association, CODEN: EPJEF9 ISSN: 1029-5933. Journal written in
Abstract
In Ethiopian traditional medicine the leaves of Apium leptophyllum (Pers.) Benth. are used for the treatment of a disease condition
locally known as "Mitch", which is characterized mainly by inflammation, sweat and loss of appetite. Steam distn. of the leaves of
A. leptophyllum afforded a colorless essential oil with a yield of 0.24% (v/w). Gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) anal.
revealed the presence of twenty components comprising 98.64% of the total peak area of which more than 80% of the oil was
represented by only five major components. These were identified as thymoquinol di-Me ether (46.00%), -terpinene (12.63%),
isothymol Me ether (12.57%), p-cymene (10.29%) and thymol Me ether (6.80%). The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the oil as
investigated by std. disk diffusion technique indicated that it was active against a broad spectrum of pathogens including
Gram-pos. and Gram-neg. bacteria as well as some fungal strains. However, its activity was more prominent against the
Gram-neg. bacteria E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. dysenteriae and V. cholerae with an MIC value of 50 g/mL. In addn., the oil
demonstrated an excellent in vitro radical scavenging activity in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay with an IC50 value of
4.3 l/mL. The traditional use of the plant for abating the symptoms of "Mitch" could be justified by its antimicrobial and radical
scavenging activities which are probably related to the etiol. of the disease condition.
Answer 325:
Evaluation of antimicrobial potential of different extracts of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. and Wendl. Salar, Raj K.;
Suchitra. Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, India. African Journal of Microbiology
Research (2009), 3(3), 097-100. Publisher: Academic Journals, CODEN: AJMRC8 ISSN: 1996-0808.
http://www.academicjournals.org/AJMR/PDF/Pdf2009/Mar/Salar%20and%20Suchitra.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in
Abstract
Antimicrobial activity of the aq. and org. solvent exts. of different parts (roots, stems, leaves and fruits) of Solanum
xanthocarpum Schrad. and Wendl. against Gram-pos. and Gram-neg. bacteria and a fungus was evaluated. Plant exts. of S.
xanthocarpum were prepd. in distd. water and in org. solvents, viz. ethanol, benzene, acetone and methanol. Agar well diffusion
technique was used to assess the antimicrobial activity of various exts. against Gram-pos. (Staphylococcus aureus, S.
epidermidis), Gram-neg. (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria and the fungus Aspergillus niger. The diam. of zone
of inhibition was taken as an indicator of antimicrobial effect. Except aq. exts. of different parts of S. xanthocarpum, exts. prepd.
in org. solvents showed antimicrobial activity against the test organisms. A strong inhibition of P. aeruginosa was caused by the
ethanolic and methanolic exts. of S. xanthocarpum. Thus, S. xanthocarpum could be considered as a potential source of natural
antimicrobials.
Answer 326:
Phytochemical study and antimicrobial activity evaluation of Talauma ovata. Stefanello, Maria E. A.; Salvador, Marcos J.;
Ito, Izabel Y.; Montoia, Andreia; Silva, Camila J. F.; Barros, Leticia F. L. Departamento de Quimica, Universidade Federal do
Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Latin American Journal of Pharmacy (2009), 28(2), 270-274. Publisher: Colegio de
Farmaceuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CODEN: LAJPA9 ISSN: 0326-2383. Journal written in Portuguese. CAN
Abstract
Petroleum ether and ethanol exts. of trunk bark and leaves from Talauma ovata (Magnoliaceae) were analyzed by thin-layer
chromatog. The sepn. procedure yielded the sesquiterpene lactones costunolide and parthenolide and the aporphine alkaloids
liriodenine, lanuginosine, dicentrinone, O-methylmoschatoline, and N-acetylxylopine. Crude plant exts., fractions from sequential
partition with solvents, and the isolated compds. were screened for antimicrobial activities against 15 Gram-pos. bacteria, 3
Gram-neg. bacteria, and 3 Candida yeast strains using agar well diffusion technique. The strongest activity was found in the
dichloromethane fraction of the ethanol ext. of trunk bark, which was active against Gram-pos. bacteria, but not against Gram-neg.
bacteria or the yeasts. Parthenolide and O-methylmoschatoline had good and specific activity against several strains of
Staphylococcus aureus, with min. inhibitory concns. (MIC) 100-25 g/mL. The alkaloid N-acetylxylopine had moderate activity
against Candida albicans (MIC 250 g/mL).
Answer 327:
The In Vitro Antimicrobial Activities of the Essential Oils of Some Lamiaceae Species from Turkey. Sarac, Nurdan; Ugur,
Aysel. Medical Laboratory Program, Vocational School of Health Care, Mugla University, Mugla, Turk. Journal of Medicinal
Food (2009), 12(4), 902-907. Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., CODEN: JMFOFJ ISSN: 1096-620X. Journal written in
Abstract
In this study, antimicrobial activities of the essential oils obtained by using the hydrodistn. method from some lamiaceous
plants-Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson ssp. longifolia, M. longifolia (L.) Hudson ssp. typhoides (Briq.) Harley var. typhoides, Mentha
pulegium L., Salvia fruticosa Miller, Salvia tomentosa Miller, Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi ssp. glandulosa (Req.) P.W. Ball, Nepeta
cadmea Boiss., Lavandula stoechas L. ssp. stoechas, and Ziziphora tenuior L.-were detd. by using the disk diffusion method. The
plants used in this study were collected from different localities of Mugla Province, Turkey. All the essential oils isolated from the
plants were very effective against Gram-pos. and Gram-neg. bacteria, which included multiple-antibiotic resistant strains, except
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Pseudomonas fluorescens MU 87. The essential oils of the plant species, except S.
tomentosa and S. fruticosa, were very effective against Candida albicans. The antimicrobial activities varied depending on the
species, subspecies, or variety. In fact, essential oils of some plants belonging to the same taxa but collected from different
localities showed different levels of antimicrobial activities.
Answer 328:
Enhanced antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity of tannic acid by thermal processing. Kim, T. J.; Silva, J. L.;
Kim, M. K.; Jung, Y. S. Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi
State, MS, USA. Food Chemistry (2009), Volume Date 2010, 118(3), 740-746. Publisher: Elsevier B.V., CODEN: FOCHDJ
SciFinder (R))
Abstract
Thermally processed tannic acid (PTA) showed stronger antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity by Rancimat and disk
diffusion tests than fresh tannic acid (FTA). Soybean oil treated with PTA had 33-84% longer induction period (IP) of oxidn.
(8.0-14.7 h) than FTA treated oil (6.0-8.0 h), while untreated oil (control) showed only 5.9 h IP. The IP was increased (p < 0.05) with
increased processing time up to 15 min, with no changes thereafter. The PTA samples had strong antimicrobial activity (inhibition
zone diam. 12 mm) on 10 tested human pathogens while the FTA samples showed antimicrobial activity only on 2 strains,
Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028) and Enterobacter sakazakii MSDH over 1- and 2-day incubation periods. 13C NMR spectra
showed that PTA had a higher content of hydrolyzed arom. carboxylic acid groups than FTA. The results showed that thermally
processed tannic acid for 15 min had about 67% higher antioxidant capacity and about 50% higher antimicrobial activity than its
fresh counterpart. Thermal processing could be useful for enhancing antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity of
hydrolysable polyphenols in natural plants.
Answer 329:
A Novel Antimicrobial Peptide from Crotalaria pallida Seeds with Activity Against Human and Phytopathogens.
Pelegrini, Patricia B.; Farias, Luciana R.; Saude, Amanda C. M.; Costa, Fabio T.; Bloch, Carlos, Jr.; Silva, Luciano P.; Oliveira,
Adeliana S.; Gomes, Carlos E. M.; Sales, Mauricio P.; Franco, Octavio L. Centro de Analises Proteomicas e Bioquimicas,
Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Genomicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Catolica de Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
Current Microbiology (2009), 59(4), 400-404. Publisher: Springer, CODEN: CUMIDD ISSN: 0343-8651. Journal written in
Abstract
An actual severe problem in agriculture consists of an expressive increase of economical losses caused by fungi and resistant
bacteria toward antibiotics. In order to find a soln. to this problem, several studies have been on the screening of novel plant
defense peptides with antimicrobial activities. These peptides are commonly characterized by having low mol. masses and
cationic charges. The present work reports the purifn. and characterization of a novel plant peptide with mol. mass of 5340 Da,
named Cp-AMP, from seeds of C. pallida, a typical plant from Caatinga biome. Purifn. was achieved using a size exclusion S-200
column followed by reversed-phase chromatog. on Vydac C18-TP column. In vitro assays indicated that Cp-AMP was able to
inhibit the development of filamentous fungi Fusarium oxysporum as well as the gram-neg. bacterium Proteus sp. The
identification of Cp-AMP could contribute, in the near future, to the development of biotechnol. products, such as transgenic plants
with enhanced resistance to pathogenic fungi and/or of antibiotics prodn. derived from plant sources in order to control bacterial
infections.
Answer 330:
Peptide fragments from plant vicilins expressed in Escherichia coli antimicrobial activity in vitro. Marcus, John P.;
Goulter, Ken C.; Manners, John M. Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Plant Pathology, The University of Queensland,
Brisbane, QLD, Australia. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter (2008), 26(2), 75-87. Publisher: Springer, CODEN: PMBRD4
SciFinder (R))
Abstract
Peptide fragments that exhibit antimicrobial activity in vitro have been shown to be produced by cleavage from the hydrophilic
region near the N terminus of various vicilin proteins in plant seeds. Three peptide sequences identified in the hydrophilic region of
vicilin seed proteins of Macadamia integrifolia and Theobroma cacao were predicted to exhibit antimicrobial activity based on
sequence similarity to antimicrobial peptides that had been previously purified from macadamia kernels. Histidine-tagged versions
of the putative antimicrobial peptides were expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and demonstrated to have in vitro antimicrobial
activity. There are many vicilin sequences in the growing plant genome sequence databases, and this expression method provides
a high-throughput process for functionally testing the potential of internal peptide fragments of vicilins as novel antimicrobial mols.
Answer 331:
Model studies related to the synthesis and reactions of 6-(phenoxathiin-2-yl) pyridazines. Gad El-Karim, I. A.; Issac, Y.
A.; Aly, A. A.; Donia, S. G.; Behalo, M. S. Dep. of Chem., Fac. of Science, Benha Univ., Benha, Egypt. Olaj, Szappan,
Kozmetika (2009), 58(1-2), 17-20. Publisher: METE Kiado, CODEN: OSZKAT ISSN: 0472-8602. Journal written in English.
Abstract
The title compds. were obtained by a reaction phenoxathiin under various reaction conditions. In particular, the reaction of
3-chloro-6-(2-phenoxathiinyl)pyridazine with several nucleophilic reactants was investigated. Fused heterocyclic compds. thus
prepd. included imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-3-one, tetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine, [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine,
pyridazino[1,6-a][1,3,5]triazin-4-one, etc. Product structures were confirmed by NMR, IR. The above-mentioned target compds.
were evaluated for their activity against Gram-pos. and Gram-neg. bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Rhodococcus equi (pathogen in
domesticated animals), Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium). These compds. were also evaluated for their activity as
antifungal agents against Candida albicans and Botrytis fabae (fungal plant pathogen).
Answer 332:
New type of feed additives - essential oils. Wei, Jintao; Li, Shaozhang; Huang, Shaowen; Zhang, Wei; Zhao, Na; Yang,
Xuehai. Animal & Veterinary Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, Peop. Rep. China.
Siliao Yanjiu (2008), (10), 12-15. Publisher: Siliao Yanjiu Zazhishe, CODEN: SYIABZ ISSN: 1002-2813. Journal; General
Review written in Chinese. CAN 152:73197 AN 2009:1055807 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
A review. Essential oils are plant secondary metabolites, whose main compns. are with certain biol. activity, and they were
commonly applied as antioxidants, preservatives, antimicrobial agents and so on, but rarely in feed industry. In feed storage,
essential oils could be used as antioxidants and preservatives, and also be applied as growth-promoting antibacterial agents in
livestock prodn. and ruminant animal feed.
Answer 333:
Antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract of Merremia gangetica and Litsea glutinosa leaves. Meera, R.; Devi, P.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.M. College of Pharmacy, Madurai, India. Asian Journal of Chemistry (2009),
21(7), 5655-5660. Publisher: Asian Journal of Chemistry, CODEN: AJCHEW ISSN: 0970-7077. Journal written in English.
Abstract
Methanolic ext. of leaves of Merremia gangetica (MEMG) and Litsea glutinosa (MELG) were investigated for their in vitro
antimicrobial properties by agar disk diffusion method. The crude methanolic exts. of MEMG and MELG inhibited the growth of
both Gram-pos. bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus) and Gram-neg. bacteria (Escherichia
coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium). The Gram pos. bacteria tested appeared to be more susceptible to
the exts. than the Gram neg. bacteria. Both the exts. at the concn. range between 250 and 1000 g/mL showed inhibitory activity
against all tested bacteria except MEMG which did not show activity against S. typhimurium at 250 g/mL concn. At 100 g/mL
concn. of MEMG was found neutral against Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella
typhimurium while MELG was neutral against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at same concn. The exts. also showed
significant antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. All tested microorganisms showed dose dependent
susceptibility towards the methanolic exts. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of the exts. and std. drugs were statistically
significant. Based on the current findings, it can be concluded that both the plants possess potent antimicrobial activity.
Answer 334:
Elemental investigation and anti microbial activity of medicinal plant Nerium indicum Mill. against dermatophytic fungi.
Pirzada, A. J.; Shaikh, W.; Jakhar, A. M.; Shah, S. I.; Pirzada, M. P. Institute of Botany, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pak.
Sindh University Research Journal, Science Series (2008), 40(2), 79-83. Publisher: Sindh University Research Journal (Sci.
Ser.), CODEN: SURJAA ISSN: 0080-9624. Journal written in English. CAN 152:254363 AN 2009:1038158 CAPLUS
Abstract
Five exts. such as ethanol, methanol, ethylacetate, chloroform and aq. were obtained from the medicinal plant Nerium indicum.
These exts. were tested against the Dermatophytic fungi, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Paecilomyces varioti, Microsporum
gypseum, and Trichophyton rubrum. All crude exts. were found to be effective against test organism. Methanol, ethanol and aq.
exts. appeared to be most effective antifungal agents as compared to chloroform and ethylacetate ext. More over in present
study nine elements, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, P, S and Zn have been detd. from the medicinal plant, Nerium indicum, by using at.
absorption spectrophotometry and U.V spectrophotometry. The medicinal plant Nerium indicum, contains considerable amt. of
elements which have therapeutic effects in skin diseases.
Answer 335:
Antimicrobial activity of an endemic species, Thermopsis turcica, Turkey. Korcan, S. Elif; Cigerci, I. Hakki; Dilek, Meltem;
Kargioglu, Mustafa; Cenkcii, Suleyman; Konuk, Muhsin. Faculty of Science and Literature, Biology Department, Afyon
Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turk. Kuwait Journal of Science and Engineering (2009), 36(1A), 101-112. Publisher:
Academic Publication Council of Kuwait University, CODEN: KJSEFA ISSN: 1024-8684. Journal written in English. CAN
Abstract
Thermopsis turcica is a medicinal wild growing plant endemic to Turkey. In this study, successive exts. of leaf, rhizome stem and
callus exts. with n-hexane, Et acetate, methanol and di-Et ether were tested for antimicrobial activity against 8 strains of bacteria
and 1 strain of fungus using disk diffusion and bioautog. assays. As methanol extns. produced the highest crude exts., alkaloids
are the main metabolites of T. turcica. The results from the disk diffusion method showed that 100 g/mL callus exts. of
n-hexane, methanol and di-Et ether inhibited the growth of all tested microorganisms. In the bioautog. assay, methanol exts. of
rhizome stem and leaves produced the highest inhibition zones against. These results indicated that this endangered species has
strong antimicrobial compds. against human pathogenic microorganisms, stressing the need for further investigations using
fractionated exts. and purified chem. components.
Answer 336:
Mechanism of action of neomycin on Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. Cui, Wenhua; Quan, Xin; Tao, Ke; Teng, Yun;
Zhang, Xingang; Liu, Yun; Shi, Guanying; Hou, Taiping. College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and
Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Peop. Rep. China. Pesticide Biochemistry and
Physiology (2009), 95(2), 85-89. Publisher: Elsevier B.V., CODEN: PCBPBS ISSN: 0048-3575. Journal written in English.
Abstract
Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, which has long been widely used in livestock animals. Thus far, there has been no
description that neomycin had antibacterial activity against plant pathogenic bacteria. This research focused on the bacteriostatic
action and mechanism of neomycin on plant pathogenic bacteria. Antibacterial expts. indicated that the min. inhibition concn.
(MIC) of neomycin against Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora was 0.004 g/L. Expts. have been carried out to confirm a
significant pos. correlation between the concn. of neomycin and the bacteriostatic activity of neomycin. Moreover, electron
microscopy revealed that many cavities were formed in the cells, and the cytoplasm was concd. The bacterial membrane was
damaged and there was leakage. Finally, the cell lysed. In SDS-PAGE expts., after treatment with neomycin, the electrophoresis
bands appeared shallow. After treatment with neomycin for 6 h, the no. of bacteria in Phase I (DNA preparatory period) increased
from 65.13% to 82.54% and Phase R (DNA copy period) was reduced significantly from 34.87% to 17.40%. Our current findings
indicated that neomycin presented significant antimicrobial activity on plant pathogenic bacteria; the bacteriostatic mechanism of
neomycin was such that neomycin inhibited the synthesis of proteins assocd. with growth and cleavage of bacteria, thus blocking
cell division and growth.
Answer 337:
Studies on leaf cuticular composition of Ocimum sanctum L. Shanker, K. Shiva; Kanjilal, Sanjit; Reddy, K. Konda; Kumar,
K. L. N. Siva; Rao, B. V. S. K.; Kumar, Pranay; Murthy, U. S. N.; Prasad, R. B. N. Lipid Science & Technology Division, Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India. Journal of Lipid Science and Technology (2007), 39(4), 176-182.
Publisher: Oil TechnologistsÏ Association of India, CODEN: JLSTAJ ISSN: 0973-6379. Journal written in English. CAN
Abstract
The surface lipids from the leaves of Ocimum sanctum were isolated and characterized for the first time. Hydrocarbons (50.8%),
sterols (18.6%) and wax esters (13.2%) were the major constituents along with free fatty acids (3.2%), fatty acid Me esters (0.3%)
and triterpenols (0.8%) in smaller amts. In addn. to these common wax lipids, 4-allyl-1, 2-dimethoxy benzene (Me eugenol) was
identified in the leaf wax (11.4%). The structure of this compd. was established using 1H NMR, MS and IR spectral data. Me
eugenol was evaluated for antimicrobial properties and compared with eugenol. The antimicrobial activity of Me eugenol was
slightly less compared with eugenol, but at higher concn. the activity was found to be almost similar to eugenol.
Answer 338:
Preservative effects of various chemical decontamination treatments on broiler chicken cuts during refrigerated storage.
Li, Hong-min; Xu, Xing-lian; Zhu, Zhi-yuan; Meng, Yong; Wu, Guang-hong; Zhou, Guang-hong. Key Laboratory of Meat
Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Processing and Quality
Control, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Peop. Rep.
China. Zhongguo Nongye Kexue (Beijing, China) (2009), 42(7), 2505-2512. Publisher: Zhongguo Nongye Kexue Bianjibu,
CODEN: CKNYAR ISSN: 0578-1752. Journal written in Chinese. CAN 152:452559 AN 2009:993645 CAPLUS (Copyright
Abstract
The preservation effects of trisodium phosphate (TSP), acidified sodium chlorite (ASC), citric acid (CA) and lactic acid (LA) on
chicken breast cuts were studied in this paper. Changes of natural microflora and biogenic amines (tyramine, histamine,
putrescine, cadaverine, spermine, spermidine) levels during refrigerated storage were detd. Broiler chicken cuts were dipped resp.
in various chem. soln. after division, the microflora counts and content of biogenic amines as well as some other physiochem.
values were detd. during (4  1) C storage. For all groups similar microbial counts and biogenic amines contents were obsd. on
early days of storage, the difference between groups increased with storage time. At the end of refrigerated storage (9 d),
samples subjected to chem. treatments were considerably lower than untreated samples in accordance with microbial group and
biogenic amines. LA and CA showed the strongest antimicrobial activity, with a redn. of more than 2.0 log CFUg-1 for mesophilic
aerobic flora, coliform bacteria and pseudomonas, resp. The contents of biogenic amines in relation with putridity were on a low
level all through the storage after dipping in LA and CA soln., and histamine was undetectable. Color, TVB-N value and pH value
showed some consistency with bacteria level and biogenic amines content. All the treatments tested, esp. LA treatments and CA
treatments, were effective in reducing microbial populations, prolonging shelf-life of chilled chicken, and inhibiting the producing of
adverse biogenic amines. As a result, all the preservatives had some inhibitory effects on the producing of putridity
characteristics, as well as some pos. effects on improving the food safety of chilled chicken products.
Answer 339:
Development of durable antimicrobial finish for cotton fabric from plant materials. Sathianarayanan, M. P.; Bhat, N. V.
India. BTRA Scan (2009), 39(2), 1-10. Publisher: Bombay Textile Research Association, CODEN: BTSCD7 ISSN: 0972-8341.
Abstract
An eco-friendly natural antimicrobial finish from plant exts. for textile application was developed. Specifically, some selective
species of plants were described and tested for their antimicrobial activities and the exts. were applied to cotton fabrics. Analyses
revealed that all treated fabrics have very good antimicrobial properties to both gram pos. and gram neg. microorganism. In addn.,
the acquired data showed that direct treatment is only a superficial coating on the fabric surface without any firm bonding and gets
removed by washing. Furthermore, micro-encapsulated fabric became stiff and lost the crease recovery property according to the
surface morphol. results.
Answer 340:
Microwave-assisted synthesis and antimicrobial activities of 2-aryl-3-(naphthalenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives.

Chen, Hua; Li, Yanan; Bai, Jie; Zhao, Lian; Yuan, Xiangguo; Li, Xiaoliu; Cao, Keqiang. Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of
Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Peop. Rep. China. Frontiers of
Chemical Engineering in China (2009), 3(2), 186-191. Publisher: Springer GmbH, CODEN: FCECBU ISSN: 1673-7369. Journal
Abstract
A method for the synthesis of the title compds. [i.e., 2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-3-(2-naphthalenyl)-4-thiazolidinone,

3-(1-naphthalenyl)-2-phenyl-4-thiazolidinone, etc.] is reported here. Product structures were detd. by NMR, elemental anal., IR, MS.
The antimicrobial activity of the above-mentioned target compds. was evaluated against Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans
(angular leaf spot, i.e., plant bacterial pathogen), Botrytis cinerea Pers. and Sphaerotheca fusca Blum. (powdery mildew, plant
fungus). Some of these compds. had good antifungal activity against Sphaerotheca fusca Blum.
Answer 341:
Bioactive chemical constituents and comparative antimicrobial activity of callus culture and adult plant extracts from
Alternanthera tenella. Salvador, Marcos J.; Pereira, Paulo S.; Franca, Suzelei C.; Candido, Regina C.; Ito, Izabel Y.; Dias,
Diones A. Curso de Farmacia, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas
(UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil. Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung, C: Journal of Biosciences (2009), 64(5/6), 373-381.
Publisher: Verlag der Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung, CODEN: ZNCBDA ISSN: 0939-5075. Journal written in English. CAN
Abstract
Crude exts. of a callus culture (two culture media) and adult plants (two collections) from Alternanthera tenella Colla
(Amaranthaceae) were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activity, in order to investigate the maintenance of
antimicrobial activity of the exts. obtained from plants in vivo and in vitro. The antibacterial and antifungal activity was detd.
against thirty strains of microorganisms including Gram-pos. and Gram-neg. bacteria, yeasts and dermatophytes. Ethanolic and
hexanic exts. of adult plants collected during the same period of the years 1997 and 2002 [Ribeirao Preto (SP), collections 1 and 2]
and obtained from plant cell callus culture in two different hormonal media (AtT43 and AtT11) inhibited the growth of bacteria,
yeasts and dermatophytes with inhibition halos between 6 and 20 mm. For the crude exts. of adult plants bioassay-guided
fractionation, purifn., and isolation were performed by chromatog. methods, and the structures of the isolated compds. were
established by anal. of chem. and spectral evidences (UV, IR, NMR and ES-MS). Steroids, saponins and flavonoids (aglycons
and C-glycosides) were isolated. The min. inhibitory concn. (MIC) of the isolated compds. varied from 50 to 500 g/mL.
Answer 342:
Antimicrobial activity of Gentiana lutea L. extracts. Savikin, Katarina; Menkovic, Nebojsa; Zdunic, Gordana; Stevic, Tatjana;
Radanovic, Dragoja; Jankovic, Teodora. Institute for Medicinal Plants Research, Belgrade, Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung, C:
Journal of Biosciences (2009), 64(5/6), 339-342. Publisher: Verlag der Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung, CODEN: ZNCBDA
SciFinder (R))
Abstract
Methanolic exts. of flowers and leaves of Gentiana lutea L., together with the isolated compds. mangiferin, isogentisin and
gentiopicrin, were used to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the plant. A variety of Gram-pos. and Gram-neg. bacteria as
well as the yeast Candida albicans has been included in this study. Both exts. and isolated compds. showed antimicrobial activity
with MIC values ranging from 0.12-0.31 mg/mL. Our study indicated that the synergistic activity of the pure compds. may be
responsible for the good antimicrobial effect of the exts. Quantification of the secondary metabolites was performed using HPLC.
Answer 343:
Effect of elicitors on enrichment of soybean phytoalexins with biologic activity. Boue, Stephen M.; Burow, Matthew; Shih,
Betty Y.; Carter-Wientjes, Carol; Bhatnagar, Deepak; Wang, Thomas. Southern Regional Research Center, USDA, New
Orleans, LA, USA. Abstracts of Papers, 238th ACS National Meeting, Washington, DC, United States, August 16-20, 2009
(2009), AGFD-066. Publisher: American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C CODEN: 69LVCL Conference; Meeting
Abstract; Computer Optical Disk AN 2009:979552 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
Phytoalexins are low mol. wt. antimicrobial compds. that are synthesized de novo and accumulate in plants in response to infection
or stress. Phytoalexin biosynthesis can be manipulated by application of abiotic or biotic factors that stress the plant into
producing or releasing greater phytoalexin concns. Antifungal, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities are some of the beneficial
activities of phytoalexins that help to enhance the survival of the soybean plant during stress induction. This study examd. the
antioxidant properties of methanolic exts. from soybean obtained with germination, wounding, and application of biotic elicitors.
The phytoalexin glyceollins were identified in elicitor treated soy exts. Data will be presented demonstrating the ability of the
glyceollins to inhibit the growth of cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Glycinol, a precursor to glyceollin, is produced in elicited
soy and displays potent estrogenic activity. The biol. activities of these soy phytoalexins have revealed possible new uses for
the treatment of disease.
Answer 344:
Stability of antimicrobial botanicals to heat and other processing conditions. Friedman, Mendel. Produce Safety and
Microbiology Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Albany, CA, USA. Abstracts of Papers, 238th ACS National Meeting, Washington, DC, United States, August 16-20, 2009
(2009), AGFD-110. Publisher: American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C CODEN: 69LVCL Conference; Meeting
Abstract; Computer Optical Disk AN 2009:979361 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
Numerous foodborne diseases result from ingesting foods that are contaminated with foodborne pathogens such as E. coli,
Salmonella, and Listeria and toxins such as Shiga toxin produced by E. coli. Because many consumers demand fresh tasting,
safe and natural foods, food preservation to render processed food products safe for human consumption has become a major
worldwide challenge for the food industry and regulatory agencies. One of the strategies used to achieve food preservation of liq.
foods such as apple juice and milk and solid foods such as fruits, vegetables, meat and poultry is to use naturally occurring,
plant-derived, safe compds. and exts. Compds. derived from plant sources such as essential oils and spices, their active
components, chitosan, and phenolic compds. from apples, berries, grapes, and teas have shown antimicrobial effects against a
no. of foodborne nonresistant and antibiotic resistant pathogens. Because many foods need to be processed before consumption,
a key question is whether and to what extent thermal and other processing conditions will increase or reduce antimicrobial potency.
This presentation will present an overview of antimicrobial activities of several classes of plant compds. and their known and
expected susceptibilities to heat, radiation, acids, bases, and oxidn. New antimicrobial botanical formulations active against
virulent pathogens will benefit microbial food safety, animal and human health, and the economy.
Answer 345:
Biochemical and antimicrobial studies of the genus Jatropha excisa. Kaladhar, D. S. V. G. K.; Satyanarayana, K. V. V.
V.; Reddy, Bhaskar. Department of Biochemistry & Bioinformatics, GITAM Institute of Science GITAM University, India.
Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia (2009), 6(1), 331-336. Publisher: Oriental Scientific Publishing Co., CODEN:
BBRAB4 ISSN: 0973-1245. Journal written in English. CAN 152:354215 AN 2009:972741 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011
Abstract
Jatropha excisa is an ornamental plant, which is employed as a source of medicine with different antimicrobial activities and
differentiation in organization of metabolites. Metabolite anal. of this plant was analyzed phytochem. and screened against
different microorganisms responsible for various infections. Qual. anal. of various primary and secondary metabolites was
analyzed by Thin Layer Chromatog. Present report has shown more no. of amino acids in wet leaves, carbohydrates in seeds and
dry leaves, lipids in seeds and dry leaves, and secondary metabolites in flowers. The antimicrobial activity of the fresh
methanolic leaf ext. was tested against std. strains of bacteria and fungi using agar well diffusion method. Plant fresh methanolic
leaf ext. of 0.1 mg/mL concn. produced different zone formation on Microorganisms. The zone formation was high in gram-neg.
bacteria such as Escherichia coli (16 mm), Micrococcus luteus (15 mm) and Proteus mirabilis (14 mm) compared to the gram-pos.
bacteria such as Streptococcus faecalis (12 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (11 mm) and Bacillus subtilis (12 mm). The exts. were
found to be effective against bacteria (11-16 mm) and yeast (15 mm) than multicellular, filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus
niger and Penicillium chrysogenum (9-11 mm).
Answer 346:
Enhanced bactericidal activity of enterocin AS-48 in combination with essential oils, natural bioactive compounds and
chemical preservatives against Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat salad. Antonio, Cobo Molinos; Abriouel, Hikmate;
Lopez, Rosario Lucas; Ben Omar, Nabil; Valdivia, Eva; Galvez, Antonio. Area de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciencias de la
Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaen, Jaen, Spain. Food and Chemical Toxicology (2009), 47(9),
2216-2223. Publisher: Elsevier Ltd., CODEN: FCTOD7 ISSN: 0278-6915. Journal written in English. CAN 151:335446 AN
Abstract
Enterocin AS-48 (30-60 g/g) significantly reduced viable counts of Listeria monocytogenes in Russian-type salad during one week
storage at 10 C. Antilisterial activity of AS-48 (30 g/g) in salad was strongly enhanced by essential oils (thyme verbena, thyme
red, Spanish oregano, ajowan, tea tree, clove, and sage oils tested at 1%, as well as with 2% rosemary oil). Antilisterial activity
also increased in combination with bioactive components from essential oils and plant exts., with other related antimicrobials of
natural origin or derived from chem. synthesis (carvacrol, eugenol, thymol, terpineol, tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, caffeic, ferulic and
vanillic acid, luteolin, geranyl butyrate, geranyl phenylacetate, pyrocatechol, hydrocinnamic acid, tert butylhydroquinone,
phenylphosphate, iso-Pr Me phenol, coumaric acid, and 2-nitropropanol), and with food preservatives (citric and lactic acid, sucrose
palmitate, sucrose stearate, p-hydroxybenzoic methylester acid - PHBME, and Nisaplin). AS-48 acted synergistically with citric,
lactic acid, and PHBME. A mixed population of two L. monocytogenes strains was markedly reduced for one week in salads
treated with AS-48 (30 g/g) in combination with lactic acid, PHBME or Nisaplin. The increased bactericidal activity of these
combinations is interesting to improve protection against L. monocytogenes during salad storage.
Answer 347:
Pericarp of unripe areca fruit-a potent antimicrobial source. Kekuda, T. R. Prashith; Aiyar, Meera B.; Rohini, T. R.;
Nayana, K. V.; Pai, Nethravathi; Anitha, N. S. Dept. of Microbiology, S.R.N.M.N College of Applied Sciences, Shivamogga,
India. BioTechnology: An Indian Journal (2009), 3(3), 107-109. Publisher: Trade Science Inc., CODEN: BRIIAQ ISSN:
(R))
Abstract
Areca catechu is grown for the important seed crop. The present study highlights the antimicrobial activity of steam distillates of
pericarp of areca fruit. The pericarp of unripe areca fruits were collected, cut into small pieces and subjected to steam distn. The
steam distillate obtained was subjected to antibacterial activity against Gram pos. and Gram neg. bacteria in liq. media. Antifungal
activity of steam distillate was detd. employing poison food technique. Among bacteria tested, more inhibition was obsd. in case
of Escherichia coli followed by other bacteria. All tested fungi were found to be sensitive among which Aspergillus terreus was
least affected. It can be concluded that antimicrobial activity of the steam distillate is due to active constituents present in the
distillate. The steam distillate could be employed in the treatment of infections caused by enteric bacteria, food poisoning bacteria
and opportunistic fungi. Further expts. should be conducted in animal models to validate the activity in vivo.
Answer 348:
Antimicrobial effects and phytochemical studies of various extracts of Pandanus odoratissimus Linn. Londonkar,
Ramesh L.; Kamble, Abhaykumar. Department of Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga,
India. BioTechnology: An Indian Journal (2009), 3(3), 99-102. Publisher: Trade Science Inc., CODEN: BRIIAQ ISSN:
(R))
Abstract
Pandanus odoratissimus is a plant that is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of biliousness, flatulent colic, morning
sickness etc. The objective of this study is to evaluate the scientific basis for the use of the plant. The antimicrobial activities of
exts. of the plant Pandanus odoratissimus L. were evaluated against some common gram neg. and gram pos. bacteria and fungi.
The study also includes investigation of phytochem. constituents of the plant by qual. method. The phytochem. constituents of
the dried powder of plant material were extd. by using petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol. The antimicrobial activity of the
concd. exts. was evaluated by detn. of the diam. zone of inhibition against both gram neg. and gram pos. bacteria and fungi using
cup plate method. Results of the phytochem. studies revealed that, the plant ext. contains phenols, tannins, terpenes, alkaloids
and flavanoids and the exts. were active against both gram pos. and gram neg. bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus
aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and fungi like Aspergillus niger, Neurospora curcus
(sic). Pandanus odoratissimus has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and a potential source of new classes of antibiotics
that could be useful for infectious disease chemotherapy and control.
Answer 349:
Proteomics profile of pre-harvest sprouting wheat by using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Kamal, Abu Hena Mostafa;
Kim, Ki-Hyun; Shin, Dong-Hoon; Seo, Hyung-Seok; Shin, Kwang-Hyun; Park, Cheol-Soo; Heo, Hwa-Young; Woo, Sun-Hee.
Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheong-ju, S. Korea. Plant Omics (2009), 2(3), 110-119.
Publisher: Southern Cross Publishing, CODEN: POLMCI ISSN: 1836-3644.
http://www.pomics.com/SunHee_2_3_2009_110_119.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in English. CAN 152:524427
Abstract
Wheat seed proteins were studied to identify the cultivar-specific proteins using two Korean pre-harvest sprouting wheat cultivars;
Jinpum (susceptible) and Keumgang (resistant). Wheat seed proteins were sepd. by two-dimensional electrophoresis with IEF gels
over pH ranges: pH 3.5-10. A total of 73 spots were digested with trypsin resulting peptide fragmentation were analyzed by matrix
assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS). Mass spectra were automatically
processed and searched through NCBInr, SWISS-PORT and MSDB database with mono isotopic masses. These proteins profiles
are divided into 9 categories: Metab., Storage, Photosynthesis, Amino Acid, Allergy, Stress, Protein Synthesis, Enzyme and,
Hypothetical protein. The gluten includes two different components, high mol. wt. glutenin subunits and low mol. wt. glutenin
subunits and gliadins. Some selected protein spots were detected to be (i) gluten, which is responsible for roughness and
viscoelasticity for bread making quality (ii) stress proteins (biotic and abiotic) assocd. with salt, cold, heat tolerance, disease (iii)
pathogen related proteins, and (iv) allergenic proteins responsible for allergy in humans, (v) puroindoline- a & b (encoding PinA and
PinB gene) that is responsible for grain texture related to baking performance and roughness and other mol. functions such as
antibiotic / toxin / antimicrobial activities, that contribute to the defense mechanism of the plant against predators. Moreover, to
gain a better understanding of proteome anal. and identify the pre-harvest sprouting responsible proteins, we carried out a
comparative proteomic anal. in pre-harvest sprouting wheat seeds between susceptible and resistant cultivars.
Answer 350:
Antimicrobial potential and seasonality of red algae collected from the southwest coast of India tested against shrimp,
human and phytopathogens. Manilal, Aseer; Sujith, Sugathan; Kiran, George Seghal; Selvin, Joseph; Shakir, Chippu;
Gandhimathi, Ramakrishnan; Lipton, Aaron Premnath. Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli,
India. Annals of Microbiology (Milano, Italy) (2009), 59(2), 207-219. Publisher: University of Milan, Dep of Food Science and
Microbiology, CODEN: AMNIC7 ISSN: 1590-4261. Journal written in English. CAN 152:306849 AN 2009:932059 CAPLUS
Abstract
Fifteen seaweeds belong to 13 families and 6 orders of the rhodophyta were sampled for one year from Apr. 2007 to March 2008
along the southwest coast of India (Indian Ocean). The species were examd. for in vitro antimicrobial activity against six
pathogenic Vibrio strains isolated from moribund tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), six type cultures (Microbial Type Culture
Collection, MTCC) of prominent shrimp Vibrio pathogens, 10 multidrug resistant clin. pathogens, four species of Candida obtained
from pulmonary TB patients and four species of plant pathogenic fungi to evaluate their potency to be used as natural antibiotics
in pharmaceutical and agriculture field. Bioactivity was analyzed from crude ext. of fresh and dried samples prepd. from different
polar and nonpolar solvents. Of these, four species of red algae (Asparagopsis taxiformis, Laurencia ceylanica, Laurencia
brandenii, Hypnea valentiae) were found to be highly active. Broadest and highest activity was obsd. in the crude ext. of A.
taxiformis. Among the pathogens tested, shrimp pathogenic Vibrios were the most susceptible organisms while phytopathogens
were found to be little resistant. In the present study, methanol was found to be the best solvent for extg. antimicrobial
metabolites from dried samples rather than fresh. Seasonal variation in the antimicrobial activity was obsd. with higher level of
activity recorded from A. taxiformis between Dec. and Jan. The active principle of A. taxiformis was purified in column
chromatog., TLC and reverse phase HPLC. The individual HPLC peaks were subsequently tested against a panel of pathogenic
microorganisms and the active constituent was identified by GC-MS. The antimicrobial profile of A. taxiformis suggested that
lipophilic compd. which was primarily composed of pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid, pentadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acid might have
functional role in the chem. defense against microbial invasion and these compds. could be utilized for the development of
medically potential products.
Answer 351:
Antimicrobial activity of the extracts and compounds obtained from Vismia guineensis (Guttiferae). Mbaveng, Armelle
Tsafack; Kuete, Victor; Nguemeving, Jean Robert; Beng, Veronique Penlap; Nkengfack, Augustin Ephraim; Meyer, J. J. Marion;
Lall, Namrita; Krohn, Karsten. Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon. Asian Journal of
Traditional Medicines (2008), 3(6), 211-223. Publisher: Hong Kong Asiamed Publish House, CODEN: AJTMCS ISSN:
(R))
Abstract
The crude exts. from the leaves (VGL), stem barks (VGB) and roots (VGR) of Vismia guineensis were purified by column
chromatog. to afford 3-geranyloxy-6-methyl-1, 8-dihydroxyanthraquinone (1), vismiaquinone (2), vismiaquinone B (3), and betulinic
acid (4) from the roots; compd. 3, caloxanthone J (5), O1-demethyl-3',4'-deoxypsorospermin-3',4'-diol (6), 6-deoxyisojacareubin (7),
and 1, 7-dihydroxyxanthone (8) from the stem barks and friedelin (9), 1, 8-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methylanthraquinone (10), and
kaempferol (11) from the leaves. The antimicrobial activity of these compds. and the crude exts. were tested against Gram-pos.
and Gram-neg. bacteria, mycobacteria, and fungi. The disk diffusion assay was used to det. the sensitivity of the
microorganisms against the samples tested. The micro-diln. method was used for the detn. of both the Minimal Inhibitory Concn.
(MIC) and Minimal Microbicidal Concn. (MMC). The radiometric respiratory technique using the BACTEC 460 system was used for
susceptibility testing against M. tuberculosis. Results showed that the crude exts. from all parts of V. guineensis were able to
prevent the growth of all the tested Gram-pos. and -neg. bacteria, fungi as well as Mycobacterium smegmatis. VGR was
particularly active against M. smegmatis. In addn., some of the tested compds. were very active. The lowest MIC value (0.61
g/mL) was recorded for compd. 6 on M. smegmatis. The antimicrobial activity of this plant as well as that of vismiaquinone B (3)
and caloxanthone J (5) is being reported for the first time. The overall results provided evidence that the studied plant exts. and
some of the compds. could be potential sources of new antimicrobial drugs.
Answer 352:
Antimicrobial peptides in aqueous and ethanolic extracts from microbial plant and fermented sources. Philip, Koshy;
Sinniah, Saravana Kumar; Muniandy, Sekaran. Division of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science,
University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malay. Biotechnology (Faisalabad, Pakistan) (2009), 8(2), 248-253. Publisher: Asian
Network for Scientific Information, CODEN: BIOTBR ISSN: 1682-296X. Journal written in English. CAN 152:282481 AN
Abstract
The objective of this research was to isolate novel peptides from exts. prepd. from native microbial, plant and fermented sources.
The antimicrobial properties of these exts. were initially tested using Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus
aureus and Bacillus cereus. The exact species and strains of these test microorganisms were confirmed by identifying its 16S
RNA sequence. The most pronounced inhibition zone for ethanolic exts. was obtained with Andrographis paniculata. For
peptide/protein exts. only Allium sativum showed promising results. The particular compd. responsible for the inhibition in each
case is undergoing characterization by using High Performance Liq. Chromatog. (HPLC) and mass spectrometry.
Answer 353:
Study on the anti-microbial activity of cinnamon essential oil and its application on the preservation of needle
mushroom. Deng, Jing; Tan, Xinghe; Zhou, Xiaoyuan. College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural
University, Changsha, Peop. Rep. China. Zhongguo Tiaoweipin (2009), (5), 54-58. Publisher: Quanguo Tiaoweipin Keji
Qingbao Zhongxinzhan, CODEN: ZHTIE7 ISSN: 1000-9973. Journal written in Chinese. CAN 152:36045 AN 2009:914305
Abstract
In this paper, cinnamon essential oil was distd. by different concn. ethanol from Cinnamomum cassia, then its anti-microbial
activity and application on the preservation needle mushroom were discussed. The results showed that cinnamon essential oil had
considerable antimicrobial activity. But the method with 90% ethanol to distill cinnamon essential oil was the best one. Adding
1.2% cinnamon essential oil to chitosan was best for the preservation of needle mushroom. The changes of wt. loss, respiration
intensity and content of Vc of needle mushroom which were coated by cinnamon essential oil-chitosan film were slower than those
of non-coating film group.
Answer 354:
Studies on the phycochemistry and bioactivity of Spirogyra (Zygnemophyceae shameel) from Miani Hor, Pakistan.
Aftab, Javed; Shameel, Mustafa. National Institute of Oceanography, Karachi, Pak. International Journal of Phycology and
Phycochemistry (2009), 5(1), 57-66. Publisher: University of Karachi, CODEN: IJPPH8 ISSN: 1815-459X. Journal written in
Abstract
Two filamentous, conjugating, green algae, Spirogyra hyalina Cleve and S. rhizoides Randhawa were collected from Miani Hor,
Balochistan (Pakistan) during July 2001 to May 2002 and extd. in methanol. Altogether 34 fatty acids (FAs) including 15 satd.
(SFA) and 19 unsatd. (UFA) acids were detected in their exts. by GC-mass spectrometry. In the former species SFAs were in
much smaller in proportion (28.56 %) than the UFAs (71.39 %), while in the latter species SFAs were slightly larger in proportion
(52.48 %) than UFAs (47.49 %). The C15:1, C15:3 and C17:3 were present in dominating proportion (10.02 - 11.94 %) in the former
species, while C17:0, C18:1, and C18:4 occurred in large proportion (10.33 - 12.86) in the latter one; palmitic acid was detected in
small proportion (4.48 - 5.75 %) in both of them. A variety of natural products were isolated from their exts. by (EI, FAB, FD &
HR) -MS, (1H & 13C)-NMR spectroscopic techniques. Two sterols (cholesterol and decortinone), a diterpene (dictintriol), a
triterpene (maculaniol) and a disaccharide (sucrose) were isolated from the ext. of S. hyalina and two sterols (isodecortinol and
dinosterol), two monoterpenes (9-hydroxy-geraniol & its diacetate), a sesquiterpene (iso-fracinol), a triterpene
(30-nor-cyclopterospermone) and a polysaccharide (xylosmacin) were extd. from S. rhizoids. Their exts. also showed a strong
antimicrobial activity against all tested 14 bacterial and 20 fungal species including 7 human pathogens, 8 saprophytes & 5 plant
pathogens and a strong cytotoxic activity against larvae of Artemia salina Leach.
Answer 355:
Determination of In Vitro Antioxidative and Antimicrobial Properties and Total Phenolic Contents of Ziziphora
clinopodioides, Cyclotrichium niveum, and Mentha longifolia ssp. typhoides var. typhoides. Gursoy, Nevcihan;
Sihoglu-Tepe, Arzuhan; Tepe, Bektas. Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas,
Turk. Journal of Medicinal Food (2009), 12(3), 684-689. Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., CODEN: JMFOFJ ISSN:
1096-620X. Journal written in English. CAN 152:499909 AN 2009:902615 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder
(R))
Abstract
The aerial parts of Ziziphora clinopodioides, Cyclotrichium niveum, and Mentha longifolia ssp. typhoides var. typhoides were
screened for their possible antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in addn. to their penolic contents. Antioxidant activity was
employed by two complementary test systems: 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging and -carotene/linoleic acid.
In the first case, Z. clinopodioides was superior to the other species with a 50% inhibitory concn. value of 37.73  1.18 g/mg.
Similar results were obtained from the -carotene/linoleic acid system. Inhibition capacity of the linoleic acid of Z. clinopodioides
was 83.56  1.19%. Addnl., antioxidant activities of butylated hydroxytoluene, curcumin, and ascorbic acid were detd. in parallel
expts. Methanol exts. obtained from the plants studied were found to have moderate antimicrobial activity against all
microorganisms tested. In general, Z. clinopodioides ext. exhibited stronger activity than the other exts. On the other hand,
Acinetobacter lwoffii and Candida krusei were the most sensitive microorganisms for the all exts. The amt. of the total phenolics
was highest in Z. clinopodioides ext. (129.55  2.26 g/mg), followed by M. longifolia ssp. typhoides var. typhoides (93.47 1.84
g/mg). It is extremely important to note that there is a pos. correlation between antioxidant activity potential and amt. of phenolic
compds.
Answer 356:
Current status of plant products as botanical pesticides in storage pest management. Dubey, N. K.; Srivastava,
Bhawana; Kumar, Ashok. Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi, India. Journal of Biopesticides (2008), 1(2), 182-186. Publisher: Crop Protection Research Centre, CODEN:
JBOICY ISSN: 0974-391X. http://www.jbiopest.com/users/LW8/efiles/N.K.Dubey_4_4.pdf Journal; General Review; Online
Abstract
A review. The increasing concern over the level of pesticide residues in food has encouraged researchers to look for alternatives
of synthetic pesticides. Their indiscriminate use has led to the development of resistant strains of pests as well as different
environmental and human health problems. Recently, in different parts of the world, attention has been paid towards exploitation
of higher plant products as novel chemotherapeutants in plant protection. Because of non phytotoxicity, systemicity, easy
biodegradability and stimulatory nature of host metab., plant products possess the potential in pest management. Used widely
until the 1940's, these natural pesticides were displaced by modern synthetic pesticides that at the time seemed cheaper, easier
and long lasting. The popularity of botanical pesticides is once again increasing and some plant products are being used globally
as green pesticides. The body of scientific literature documenting bioactivity of plant derivs. to different pests continues to
expand, yet only a handful of botanicals are currently used in agriculture. Pyrethroids and neem products are well established
com. as botanical pesticides and recently some essential oils of higher plants have also been used as antimicrobials against
storage pests because of their relatively safe status and wide acceptance by the consumers. Some of the volatile oils, which
often contain the principal arom. and flavoring components of herbs and spices, were recommended as plant based antimicrobials
to retard microbial contamination and redn. in spoilage of food commodities. Furthermore, some of the antimicrobial plant products
also possess strong antioxidant activities which are favorable properties to combat free radical mediated organoleptic deterioration
of plant commodities and enhancing their shelf life. In the context of agricultural pest management, botanical pesticides are best
suited for use in org. food prodn. in industrialized countries but can play a much greater role in the prodn.
and post harvest protection of food products in developing countries.
Answer 357:
Antimicrobial activities of methanol extract and compounds from stem bark of Vismia rubescens. Tamokou, Jean De
Dieu; Tala, Michel F.; Wabo, Hippolyte K.; Kuiate, Jules Roger; Tane, Pierre. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science,
University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2009), 124(3), 571-575. Publisher: Elsevier
Ireland Ltd., CODEN: JOETD7 ISSN: 0378-8741. Journal written in English. CAN 152:354071 AN 2009:900147 CAPLUS
Abstract
Ethnopharmacol. relevance: The plant, Vismia rubescens (Guttiferae) is popularly used in Cameroon and in several parts of Africa
as febrifugal and for the treatment of various microbial infections (skin diseases, diarrhea and venereal diseases). Aim of the
study: This study was mapped out to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of the methanol ext. and compds. from the stem bark of
Vismia rubescens. Materials and methods: Structures of the compds. obtained after column chromatog. of the methanol-sol.
fraction were detd. by spectroscopy and in comparison with published data. The broth micro-diln. method was used to evaluate the
antimicrobial activities against three bacteria species (Salmonella typhi, Stahylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and
four yeast species (Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis and Cryptococcus neoformans). Results: Chem.
anal. of the methanol ext. from the stem bark of Vismia rubescens yielded five known compds. 1,4,8-trihydroxyxanthone (1),
1,7-dihydroxyxanthone (2), physcion (3), friedelin (4) and friedelanol (5). The crude ext. and compds. 1, 2 and 3 exhibited both
antibacterial and antifungal activities that varied between the microbial species (MIC = 3.12-1000 g/mL). Compds. 2 and 3 were
the most active (MIC = 3.12-100 g/mL) while Stahylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were sensitive to all the tested
compds. The antimicrobial activity of this plant as well as that of compds. 1 and 2 is being reported here for the first time.
Conclusion: These results provide promising baseline information for the potential use of this plant as well as some of the isolated
compds. in the treatment of skin diseases and diarrhea.
Answer 358:
Anti-Candida activity of Thymus pulegioides (Lamiaceae) essential oils depends on the plant chemotype. Loziene,
Kristina; Sakalyte, Jurgita; Paskevicius, Algimantas; Venskutonis, Petras R. Institute of Botany, Vilnius, Lithuania. Herba
Polonica (2008), 54(4), 79-92. Publisher: Instytut Roslin i Przetworow Zielarskich, CODEN: HPBIA9 ISSN: 0018-0599. Journal
Abstract
The essential oils isolated from linalool (L), geranial/geraniol/neral (G/G/N) and thymol (T) chemotypes of Thymus pulegioides L.
were investigated for antifungal properties using pathogenic fungi of Candida species. Tested chemotypes showed different
fungicidal activities. The Candida genus was most significantly affected by essential oils of T chemotype and most weakly
affected by essential oil of L chemotype. The G/G/N chemotype showed the strongest effect on C. albicans CA1 and the
weakest on C. parapsilosis CP1. Assessment of viability of yeast cells showed that cell viability after 60 min. of incubation with
different chemotypes decreased 5 times in comparison with control.
Answer 359:
Synthesis, X-Ray Diffraction study and antimicrobial activity of calcium sulphate nanocomposites from plant charcoal.
Bhattacharjee, Chira R.; Paul, Satya B.; Nath, Abhijit; Choudhury, Pinak P. N.; Choudhury, Sudip. Department of Chemistry,
Assam University, Silchar, India. Materials (2009), 2(2), 345-352. Publisher: Molecular Diversity Preservation International,
CODEN: MATEG9 ISSN: 1996-1944. http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/2/2/345/pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in
Abstract
Calcium sulfate nanocomposite materials (CB) have been synthesized from plant charcoal. Crushed charcoal powder was heated
to red hot over a Bunsen burner flame and produced a white material which has been isolated. The surface morphol. of the
material has been studied by SEM and the elements were analyzed by energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS). To explore the
structural features of the materials x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were recorded. The material showed pronounced inhibitory
effects against Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, E. coli, Proteus vulgaris, and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa.
Answer 360:
Synthesis, crystal structure and biological activities of 5-[2-(aryloxymethyl)benzimidazole]-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione.

Wei, Taibao; Chen, Jing; Xu, Rong; Zhang, Youming. Gansu Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Peop. Rep. China. Youji Huaxue (2009), 29(5), 758-763.
Publisher: Youji Huaxue Bianjibu, CODEN: YCHHDX ISSN: 0253-2786. Journal written in Chinese. CAN 151:470113 AN
Abstract
A method for the synthesis of the title compds. [i.e.,

5-[[2-(phenoxymethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]methyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione derivs.] is reported here. A series of these title
compds. was obtained by a reaction of carbon disulfide with under microwave irradn. conditions. Product structures were detd. by
IR, NMR, 13C-NMR, elemental anal. In the crystal of
5-[[2-(phenoxymethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]methyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione, the compd. was assembled to a linear supramol.
structure along axis b by intermol. hydrogen bonds. Crystal data: monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 11.5484(13) .ANG., b =
16.5319(19) .ANG., c = 11.3595(14) .ANG.,  = 108.755(2), Z = 2; V = 2053.6(4) .ANG.3, Dx = 1.094 g/cm3, F(000)=860,  = 0.19
mm-1, R = 0.060, and wR = 0.196. A preliminary biol. activity test indicated that some of the title compds. have regulating
activity for the growth of the rape (*Brassica napus) and some compds. also possess satisfactory activity of growth inhibition
against Bacillus subtilis.
Answer 361:
Isolation and characterization of bioactive terpene from the fruits of Helicteres isora Linn. Sandhya, P.; Grampurohit, N.
D. Saraswathi Vidya Bhavan's College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India. Pharmacognosy Magazine (2008), 4(14), 107-111.
Publisher: Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, CODEN: PMHACG ISSN: 0973-1296. Journal written in English. CAN 152:234311
Abstract
Helicteres isora Linn is an important plant described in Indian Materia Medica; the fruits of which are ground and used in colic pain,
gripping bowels and flatulence. A fraction rich in terpenoids and phenolic compds. was extd. from the pericarp of the fruits of
Helicteres isora. This fraction was studied phytochem. and a pure terpene deriv. was isolated by using column, thin layer and
flash chromatog. techniques. It was subjected to several spectroscopic anal. such as IR, NMR and Mass spectroscopy and was
detd. to be 10-Me, 4-isopropenyl, dodecahydro- ethanophenanthrene. This terpene deriv. exhibited considerable antimicrobial and
antispasmodic activities. As far as our knowledge goes this terpene deriv. is novel and is not reported in this plant.
Answer 362:
Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the edible medicinal halophyte Tamarix gallica L. and related polyphenolic
constituents. Ksouri, Riadh; Falleh, Hanen; Megdiche, Wided; Trabelsi, Najla; Mhamdi, Baya; Chaieb, Kamel; Bakrouf, Amina;
Magne, Christian; Abdelly, Chedly. Laboratoire d'Adaptation des Plantes aux Stress Abiotiques, Centre de Biotechnologie a la
Technopole de Borj-Cedria (CBBC), Hammam-lif, Tunisia. Food and Chemical Toxicology (2009), 47(8), 2083-2091.
Publisher: Elsevier Ltd., CODEN: FCTOD7 ISSN: 0278-6915. Journal written in English. CAN 151:379648 AN 2009:849364
Abstract
Tamarix gallica is a halophytic species having hepatotonic and stimulant properties, as it was traditionally used in the treatment of
various liver disorders. Leaf and flower infusion have anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheic proprieties. In this work, we have
investigated antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of leaf and flower exts. and their phenolic compn. Results showed that flowers
exhibit a higher antioxidant activity as compared to the leaves, IC50 values of the flower exts. are being 1.3 (-carotene bleaching)
to 19 times (lipid peroxidn. inhibition) lower than those for leaves. Accordingly, flower exts. exhibited the highest total phenolic
content (135.35 mg GAE/g DW) and RP-HPLC anal. showed that syringic acid, isoquercitin as well as catechin were the major
phenolics. Furthermore, Tamarix exts. showed appreciable antibacterial properties against human pathogen strains. The mean
inhibition zone was from 0 to 6.5 mm when the concn. increased from 2 to 100 mg/l. The strongest activity was recorded against
Micrococcus luteus and the lowest activity was obsd. against Escherichia coli. Moreover, organ exts. show a weakly to moderate
activity against the tested Candida. These findings suggest that Tamarix may be considered as an interesting source of
antioxidants for therapeutic or nutraceutical industries and for food manufs.
Answer 363:
Alternethanoxins A and B, polycyclic ethanones produced by Alternaria sonchi, potential mycoherbicides for Sonchus
arvensis biocontrol. Evidente, Antonio; Punzo, Biancavaleria; Andolfi, Anna; Berestetskiy, Alexander; Motta, Andrea.
Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo della Pianta dell'Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali, Universita di Napoli Federico II, Portici,
Italy. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (2009), 57(15), 6656-6660. Publisher: American Chemical Society, CODEN:
JAFCAU ISSN: 0021-8561. Journal written in English. CAN 151:238138 AN 2009:841495 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011
Abstract
Alternaria sonchi is a fungal pathogen isolated from Sonchus arvensis and proposed as a biocontrol agent of this noxious perennial
weed. Different phytotoxic metabolites were isolated from solid culture of the fungus. Two new polycyclic ethanones, named
alternethanoxins A and B, were characterized using essentially spectroscopic and chem. methods. Tested by leaf disk-puncture
assay on the fungal host plant and a no. of nonhost plants, alternethanoxins A and B were shown to be phytotoxic, whereas they
did not possess antimicrobial activity tested at 100 g/disk. Hence, alternethanoxins A and B have potential as nonselective
natural herbicides. Some structure-activity relationship observations were also made.
Answer 364:
Virola plant extracts with antimicrobial and antifungal neolignans, their composition and process for extract
production. Frazao Teixeira, Ana; Yoshida, Massayoshy; De Jesus, Maria Aparecida; Nunomura, Sergio Massayoshy.
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazonia - INPA, Brazil). PCT Int. Appl. (2009), 29pp. CODEN: PIXXD2 WO 2009082794
A1 20090709 Designated States W: AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CN, CO,
CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG,
KM, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM,
PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, SV, SY, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT. Designated States RW: AT, BE, CH,
CY, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, IE, IS, IT, LU, MC, MT, NL, PT, SE, TR, BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD,
TG. Patent written in English. Application: WO 2007-BR372 20071228. Priority: WO 2007-BR372 20071228. CAN

WO 2009082794 A1 20090709 WO 2007-BR372 20071228
W: AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CN, CO, CR, CU,
CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN,
IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN,
MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK,
SL, SM, SV, SY, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW
RW: AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, MC, MT, NL,
PL, PT, RO, SE, SI, SK, TR, BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG,
BW, GH, GM, KE, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, ZW, AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU,
TJ, TM
WO 2007-BR372 20071228
Abstract
This invention is in the field of plant exts. The plant ext. of the present invention is obtained from Amazon species and possesses
antimicrobial activity, particularly antifungal activity. The plant species disclosed in this invention is selected from the Virola
genus, more specifically from Virola mollissima. The plant ext. of the present invention is obtained from the fruits and is
composed by neolignans. The neolignans of the present invention show antifungal activity against wood fungus.
Answer 365:
Antimicrobial activity of Piper arboreum and Piper tuberculatum (Piperaceae) against opportunistic yeasts. Regasini,
Luis Octavio; Cotinguiba, Fernando; Morandim, Andreia de Araujo; Kato, Massuo Jorge; Scorzoni, Liliana; Mendes-Giannini, Maria
Jose; Bolzani, Vanderlan da Silva; Furlan, Maysa. Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo State
University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil. African Journal of Biotechnology (2009), 8(12), 2866-2870. Publisher: Academic
Journals, CODEN: AJBFAH ISSN: 1684-5315.
http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB/PDF/pdf2009/17Jun/Regasini%20et%20al.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in
Abstract
In the scope of our ongoing research on bioactive agents from natural sources, 24 exts. and fractions obtained from Piper
arboreum Aub. and Piper tuberculatum Jacq. (Piperaceae) were screened for antifungal activity by using broth microdilution
method. The current investigation reveals that P. arboreum exts. and fractions were more effective against Candida krusei and
Candida parapsilosis than Cryptococcus neoformans. The growth of Candida albicans was weakly affected by all the tested exts.
and fractions. The strongest effects were obsd. for hexane and Et acetate fractions from leaves of P. arboreum, with MIC values
(in g/mL) of 15.6 and 31.2 g/mL against C. krusei, resp. Addnl., phytochem. investigation of the hexane fraction of P.
arboreum leaves furnished 3 pyrrolidine amides; piperyline, 4,5-dihydropiperyline and tetrahydropiperyline, which could be
responsible, at least in part for the obsd. antifungal activity. The most active compd., tetrahydropiperyline, displayed MIC values
of 15.6 g/mL against C. krusei, C. parapsilosis and C. neoformans.
Answer 366:
Mangrove plant Sonneratia apetala antimicrobial activity on selected pathogenic microorganisms. Bobbarala,
Varaprasad; Vadlapudi, Varahalarao; Naidu, K. Chendrashekara. For U Biosciences, Visakhapatnam, India. Oriental Journal of
Chemistry (2009), 25(2), 445-447. Publisher: Oriental Scientific Publishing Co., CODEN: OJCHEG ISSN: 0970-020X. Journal
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of the mangrove plant ext. of Sonneratia apetala on the various test microorganisms, including clin.
multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria and phytopathogens were investigated. Antimicrobial activities of the exts. were detd. by the
well diffusion method. In vitro screening of S. apetala mangrove plant exts. of showed species specific activity in inhibiting the
growth of bacteria and fungi. Hexane, chloroform and methanol exts. showed good activity against all the pathogens, where as
methanolic exts. were active against most of the pathogens.
Answer 367:
Antimicrobial activity of Datura stramonium L. and Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Reddy, B. Uma. Department of
Botany, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga, India. Pharmacologyonline (2009), (1), 1293-1300. Publisher: University of Salerno,
CODEN: PHARI3 ISSN: 1827-8620. http://www.unisa.it/download/1966_11225_1406231617_138.Reddy.pdf Journal; Online
Abstract
The alc. ext. of Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae) and Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) Merr. (Asclepiadaceae) were evaluated for
antimicrobial activity. The dried leaves of these plants were extd. with 95% alc. The preliminary phytochem. investigation was
done for both the exts. to identify various phytochem. constituents present in the exts. and also subjected to antimicrobial activity
for the assessment of inhibitory effects of the alc. exts. of these plants against nine medically important pathogenic microbes by
in vitro agar well diffusion method. The results of the preliminary phytochem. studies revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols,
flavonoids, tannins, steroids, saponins in both the plants. In addn. to this, these exts. exhibited significant zone of inhibition and
good antimicrobial activity against the majority of the selected strains of microorganisms, such as Staphylococcus aureus,
Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium species. These present results
leading to the conclusion that these plants would serve as sources novel antimicrobial agents.
Answer 368:
Identification and activity of ethyl gallate as an antimicrobial compound produced by Geranium carolinianum.
Ooshiro, Atsushi; Hiradate, Syuntaro; Kawano, Shinji; Takushi, Tetsuya; Fujii, Yoshiharu; Natsume, Masahiro; Abe, Hiroshi.
Okinawa Prefectural Agricultural Research Center, Nago, Japan. Weed Biology and Management (2009), 9(2), 169-172.
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell, CODEN: WBMEAH ISSN: 1444-6162. Journal written in English. CAN 151:95025 AN
Abstract
We isolated an antimicrobial compd. from the aerial tissue of Geranium caroliniamum and identified it as Et 3,4,5-trihydroxy
benzoate (Et gallate) by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR and gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activity of Et gallate
against three potato pathogens was assayed by the paper disk method. The activity against Ralstonia solanacearum,
Streptomyces scabies, and Streptomyces acidiscabies was obsd. at concns. >200, >300, and >300 g disk-1, resp. These results
suggest that the antimicrobial activity of Geranium carolinianum against soil-borne plant disease pathogens is partly related to Et
gallate.
Answer 369:
Protease inhibitors from plants with antimicrobial activity. Kim, Jin-Young; Park, Seong-Cheol; Hwang, Indeok; Cheong,
Hyeonsook; Nah, Jae-Woon; Hahm, Kyung-Soo; Park, Yoonkyung. Research Center for Proteineous Materials, Chosun
University, Gwangju, S. Korea. International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2009), 10(6), 2860-2872. Publisher: Molecular
Diversity Preservation International, CODEN: IJMCFK ISSN: 1422-0067. http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/10/6/2860/pdf
Abstract
A review. Antimicrobial proteins (peptides) are known to play important roles in the innate host defense mechanisms of most living
organisms, including plants, insects, amphibians and mammals. They are also known to possess potent antibiotic activity against
bacteria, fungi, and even certain viruses. Recently, the rapid emergence of microbial pathogens that are resistant to currently
available antibiotics has triggered considerable interest in the isolation and investigation of the mode of action of antimicrobial
proteins (peptides). Plants produce a variety of proteins (peptides) that are involved in the defense against pathogens and
invading organisms, including ribosome-inactivating proteins, lectins, protease inhibitors and antifungal peptides (proteins).
Specially, the protease inhibitors can inhibit aspartic, serine and cysteine proteinases. Increased levels of trypsin and
chymotrypsin inhibitors correlated with the plants resistance to the pathogen. Usually, the purifn. of antimicrobial proteins
(peptides) with protease inhibitor activity was accomplished by salt-extn., ultrafiltration and C18 reverse phase chromatog.,
successfully. We discuss the relation between antimicrobial and anti-protease activity in this review. Protease inhibitors from
plants potently inhibited the growth of a variety of pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains and are therefore excellent candidates
for use as the lead compds. for the development of novel antimicrobial agents.
Answer 370:
Phenolics, Sugars, Antimicrobial and Free-Radical-Scavenging Activities of Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq. Fruits from the
Dominican Republic and Florida. Bystrom, Laura M.; Lewis, Betty A.; Brown, Dan L.; Rodriguez, Eloy; Obendorf, Ralph L.
Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition (New York, NY,
United States) (2009), 64(2), 160-166. Publisher: Springer, CODEN: PFHNE8 ISSN: 0921-9668. Journal written in English.
Abstract
Edible fruits of the native South American tree Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq. are consumed fresh or in traditional food, drink and
medicinal prepns. Some therapeutic effects of these fruits may be due to phenolics and sugars. Aq. acetone, methanol or
ethanol tissue exts. of different cultivars or collections of M. bijugatus fruits from the Dominican Republic and Florida were
analyzed for total phenolics and free radical scavenging activity by UV-vis spectroscopy, sugars by gas chromatog., and
antimicrobial activity by the disk diffusion assay. Total phenolics and free radical scavenging activities ranked: seed coat >
embryo > pulp exts. Montgomery cultivar fruits had the highest total phenolics. For sugars: pulp > embryo and highest in Punta
Cana fruit pulp. In all exts.: sucrose > glucose and fructose. Glucose:fructose ratios were 1:1 (pulp) and 0.2:1 (embryo). Pulp
exts. had dose-response antibacterial activity and pulp and embryo exts. had antifungal activity against one yeast species.
Phenolics and sugars were confirmed with thin-layer chromatog. and NMR. Sugar-free pulp fractions contg. phenolics had slightly
more antimicrobial activity than H2O-sol. pulp fractions with sugars. Results indicate M. bijugatus fruits contain phenolics, sugars
and other H2O-sol. compds. consistent with therapeutic uses.
Answer 371:
Determination of the Antimicrobial and Antioxidative Properties and Total Phenolics of Two "Endemic" Lamiaceae
Species from Turkey: Ballota rotundifolia L. and Teucrium chamaedrys C. Koch. Gursoy, Nevcihan; Tepe, Bektas.
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turk. Plant Foods for Human
Nutrition (New York, NY, United States) (2009), 64(2), 135-140. Publisher: Springer, CODEN: PFHNE8 ISSN: 0921-9668.
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and the amt. of total phenolics of the
methanol exts. of Ballota rotundifolia L. and Teucrium chamaedrys C. Koch. In the case of antimicrobial activity tests, polar
sub-fractions of the methanol exts. of plant species exhibited weakest antimicrobial activity when compared with the non-polar
ones. While, non-polar sub-fraction of B. rotundifolia showed moderate activity against A. lwoffii, C. perfringens and the yeasts,
T. chamaedrys performed excellent activity pattern against all of the tested microorganisms. The sub-fractions were also
screened for their possible antioxidant activities by two complementary tests, namely DPPH free radical-scavenging and
-carotene/linoleic acid assays. Non-polar exts. of the plant species remained inactive in both test systems. On the other hand
polar exts. showed remarkable antioxidant activities. In DPPH system, free radical scavenging effect of T. chamaedrys was
measured as 18.00  1.42 g.mg-1. It is extremely important to point out that, polar sub-fraction of T. chamaedrys is found as
effective as the pos. control BHT. Non-polar sub-fraction of T. chamaedrys found to have the highest total phenolic amt. (97.12 
1.28 g/mg). Results obtained from this expt. confirm the relationship between the amt. of phenolics and biol. activities.
Answer 372:
Inhibitory and Resistance-Modifying Potential of Plant-Based Alkaloids Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus

aureus (MRSA). Mohtar, Mastura; Johari, Saiful Azmi; Li, Abdul Rashid; Isa, Mazurah Mohamed; Mustafa, Shuhaimi; Ali, Abdul
Manaf; Basri, Dayang Fredalina. Antimicrobial Laboratory, Medicinal Plants Programme, Forest Biotechnology Division, Forest
Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Malay. Current Microbiology (2009), 59(2), 181-186. Publisher: Springer, CODEN:
CUMIDD ISSN: 0343-8651. Journal written in English. CAN 151:143292 AN 2009:778519 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011
Abstract
Increased prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a major threat to the health sector
worldwide due to their virulence, limited therapeutic options and their distribution in both hospital and community settings.
Discovery and development of new anti-MRSA agents as alternatives to the very few antibiotics left in the armamentarium are,
thus, urgently required. Recently, an efflux mechanism in MRSA has been identified as one of the main contributors of resistance
towards various structurally unrelated antibiotics. The potential of reserpine (a phytoalkaloid) as efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) against
various microbes remains limited as the concn. needed for inhibition is toxic to humans. This study therefore aimed to evaluate 13
alkaloid compds. as potential inhibitory agents and/or potential EPIs against a panel of three MRSA isolates which not only differ in
their susceptibility to vancomycin (amongst the last drugs available to treat serious MRSA infection), but also exhibited active
efflux activity. Results indicated berberine's moderate inhibitory activity against 2 MRSA isolates scoring a min. inhibitory concn.
(MIC) value of 125 g/mL. Notable efflux inhibitory activity (ranging from two- to eightfold Ethidium Bromide MIC redn.)
meanwhile was detected from quinine, piperine and harmaline using reserpine as the pos. control. Findings from this study support
the opinion that a vast no. of potential phyto-compds. with pharmacol. potential await discovery. Therapeutic application of these
compds., however, warrants further investigation to ascertain their pharmacodynamics and safety aspects.
Answer 373:
Progress of the research on microbial metabolites antiphytoviral substances and antiviral mechanism. Yu, Yinxia;
Zhang, Feiyun; Tian, Zhaofeng; Liu, Weicheng. College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, Peop. Rep.
China. Shengwu Jishu Tongbao (2009), (2), 54-58. Publisher: Shengwu Jishu Tongbao Bianjibu, CODEN: SJTHA5 ISSN:
1002-5464. Journal; General Review written in Chinese. CAN 152:374974 AN 2009:772590 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011
Abstract
A review. The active substance that features high absorption, efficiency and security in microbial metab. has antiviral effect.
Screening anti-virus material from various microbial resources has become a hot spot. In recent years, some progress of the
research on the anti-virus substances isolation has been gained. This paper discussed various types of anti-viral activity of
microbial substances and disease-resistant mechanism, also, further study on anti-microbial substances of plant viruses was
prospected.
Answer 374:
Antibacterial and antifungal activities of the crude extract and compounds from Dorstenia turbinata (Moraceae).
Ngameni, B.; Kuete, V.; Simo, I. K.; Mbaveng, A. T.; Awoussong, P. K.; Patnam, R.; Roy, R.; Ngadjui, B. T. Department of
Pharmacy and Traditional Pharmacopoeia, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde,
Cameroon. South African Journal of Botany (2009), 75(2), 256-261. Publisher: Elsevier B.V., CODEN: SAJBDD ISSN:
(R))
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the crude ext. of the twigs of Dorstenia turbinata (DTT) as well
as that of five of the nine compds. isolated from this ext., namely
5-methoxy-3-[3-(-glucopyranosyloxy)-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl]psoralen (1), 5-methoxy-3-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydroxybutyl)psoralen
(2), (2'S, 3'R)-3'-hydroxymarmesin (3), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (4) and 4-methoxyphenol (5). Gram-pos., Gram-neg.
bacterial species as well as fungi were used. The agar disk diffusion test was used to det. the sensitivity of the tested samples
while the well micro-diln. was used to det. the minimal inhibition concns. (MIC) and the minimal microbicidal concn. (MMC) of the
active samples. The results of the disk diffusion assay showed that the crude ext. (DTT), compds. 1 to 3 were able to prevent the
growth of all the tested pathogens at the tested concns. Compds. 4 and 5 showed moderate and selective activities. The results
of MIC detns. indicated values ranging from 19.53 to 78.12 g/mL for the DTT and from 9.76 to 78.12 g/mL for compd. 2. The
MIC values recorded on 91% of the tested organisms for compds. 1 and 3. The lowest MIC value for the crude ext. of D.
turbinata (19.53 g/mL) was noted on Trichophyton rubrum and Escherichia coli. The corresponding value for the tested compds.
(9.76 g/mL) was obtained with 2 and 3 on T. rubrum. The antimicrobial activity of this plant as well as that of compds. 1-2 is
being reported for the first time. The overall results provide promising baseline information for the potential use of the crude exts.
from DTT as well as some of the isolated compds. in the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections.
Answer 375:
Chemistry and pharmacology of Rhaponticum carthamoides: A review. Kokoska, Ladislav; Janovska, Dagmar.
Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Institute of Tropics and Subtropics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague,
Prague, Czech Rep. Phytochemistry (Elsevier) (2009), 70(7), 842-855. Publisher: Elsevier Ltd., CODEN: PYTCAS ISSN:
0031-9422. Journal; General Review written in English. CAN 151:143514 AN 2009:756647 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011
Abstract
A review. Rhaponticum carthamoides is a perennial herb, commonly known as a maral root or Russian leuzea, which has been
used for centuries in eastern parts of Russia for its marked medicinal properties. This review based on 117 literary sources, with
many of them being originally published in non-English languages (mainly in Russian), discusses the current knowledge of
traditional uses, chem., biol. effects and toxicity of this species. Several different classes of compds. were previously isolated
from various parts of R. carthamoides of which the main groups are steroids, particularly ecdysteroids, and phenolics (flavonoids
and phenolic acids) accompanied with polyacetylenes, sesquiterpene lactones, triterpenoid glycosides and terpenes (essential oil).
A comprehensive account of the chem. constituents is given in this review (figures of 120 structures are shown). Various types
of prepns., exts. and individual compds. derived from this species have been found to possess a broad spectrum of pharmacol.
effects on several organs such as the brain, blood, cardiovascular and nervous systems as well as on different biochem.
processes and physiol. functions including proteosynthesis, work capacity, reprodn., and sexual function. Moreover, the exts. and
prepns. from the plant, which are hopefully safe, exhibited various addnl. biol. effects e.g., antioxidant, immunomodulatory,
anticancerogenic, antimicrobial, antiparasitic and insect antifeedant or repellent activities. The results of data anal. on the chem.,
pharmacol. and toxicol. characteristics of R. carthamoides support the view that this species has beneficial therapeutic properties
and indicate its potential as an effective adaptogenic herbal remedy. Finally, some suggestions for further research on chem. and
pharmacol. properties are given in this review.
Answer 376:
Characterization of the phenolic composition and antimicrobial activities of Turkish medicinal plants. Askun, Tulin;
Tumen, Gulendam; Satil, Fatih; Ates, Mustafa. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Cagis Campus, Balikesir
University, Balikesir, Turk. Pharmaceutical Biology (London, United Kingdom) (2009), 47(7), 563-571. Publisher: Informa
Healthcare, CODEN: PHBIFC ISSN: 1388-0209. Journal written in English. CAN 152:93067 AN 2009:748519 CAPLUS
Abstract
In this paper, antibacterial and antimycobacterial activity of five Labiatae plant methanol exts., commonly used for treating cold,
stomachache, and sore throat, Salvia fruticosa Mill., Salvia tomentosa Mill., Sideritis albiflora Hub.-Mor. (endemic), Sideritis
leptoclada O. Schwarz & P.H. Davis, (endemic), and Origanum onites L., were investigated, and their phenolic compds. were detd.
by HPLC. Antibacterial activity was analyzed against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus
faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Antimycobacterial activity was assayed against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The best antibacterial activity (MIC 640 g/mL) was
shown against S. typhimurium and E. aerogenes by S. fruticosa; E. coli, and S. typhimurium, E. aerogenes by S. tomentosa; S.
typhimurium, and E. aerogenes by S. leptoclada and S. typhimurium, E. aerogenes and S. epidermidis by O. onites, resp. The
best antimycobacterial activity (MIC 196 g/mL) was shown by S. tomentosa. S. fruticosa (MIC 392 g/mL) and O. onites (MIC
784 g/mL) showed moderate activity against M. tuberculosis. S. albiflora, with low level rosmarinic acid and carvacrol content,
showed inhibition against bacteria except K. pneumoniae, B. cereus and M. tuberculosis. The correlation between in vitro activity
and ethnobotanical usage was evaluated.
Answer 377:
Soil improver composition containing various microbes. Kang, Seok Jin; Ha, Sang U.; Jung, Hwan Geol. (Woogene B &
G Co., Ltd., S. Korea). Repub. Korean Kongkae Taeho Kongbo (2009), 6pp. CODEN: KRXXA7 KR 2009058133 A
20090609 Patent written in Korean. Application: KR 2007-124781 20071204. Priority: KR 2007-124781 20071204. CAN

KR 2009058133 A 20090609 KR 2007-124781 20071204
KR 974287 B1 20100805
KR 2007-124781 20071204
Abstract
The title soil improver compn. contains Streptomyces strain with antimicrobial activity to phytophthora blight of red pepper, Bacillus
subtilis with antimicrobial activity to anthracnose of red pepper, photosynthesis bacteria, plant lactic acid bacteria, and
Azotobacter. The invention also provides a soil improver contg. the soil improver compn. as effective component, and a method
for improving soil through treating the soil with the soil improver. With the soil improver, the damage from disease and harmful
insects can be inhibited, and the growth of plants is promoted. The problems about soil pollution and pesticide residual toxicity can
be overcome.
Answer 378:
Activities of extracts from Sargassum fusiforme against plant and animal pathogens and analyses of their chemical
compositions. Lin, Xiong-ping; Zheng, Yi; Chen, Xiao-qing. Department of Biology, Ningde Teachers College, Ningde,
Peop. Rep. China. Redai Haiyang Xuebao (2009), 28(2), 77-80. Publisher: Kexue Chubanshe, CODEN: RHXEAP ISSN:
1009-5470. Journal written in Chinese. CAN 152:70023 AN 2009:687858 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder
(R))
Abstract
Different polar fractions of lipids and thin-layer chromatog. (TLC) bands of ethanol exts. from Sargassum fusiforme were tested
for their efficacy against pathogenic microorganisms and animal pathogenic bacteria through the agar disk diffusion method. The
results showed that the weak polar lipids were main fraction in the liposol. compds. of Sargassum fusiforme, while the strong polar
lipids had strong activities against Pyricularia oryzae Cav. The ethanol exts. produced four TLC bands that had different activities
against the tested microorganisms. Of these bands, Rf = 0.16 band showed the strongest activity against Ameromonas punctata,
with the inhibition zone reaching 12 mm. By means of GC-MS anal., it was found that the fractions in TLC bands of ethanol exts.
were dominated by alcoholate, and 15-crown-5-ether probably played an important role in their antimicrobial activities.
Answer 379:
Self-preserving cosmetics. Varvaresou, A.; Papageorgiou, S.; Tsirivas, E.; Protopapa, E.; Kintziou, H.; Kefala, V.; Demetzos,
C. Laboratory of Cosmetology, Department of Aesthetics and Cosmetology, School of Health & Caring Professions,
Technological Educational Institution, Egaleo, Greece. International Journal of Cosmetic Science (2009), 31(3), 163-175.
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell, CODEN: IJCMDW ISSN: 0142-5463. Journal; General Review written in English. CAN 151:85835
Abstract
A review. Preservatives are added to products for two reasons: first, to prevent microbial spoilage and therefore to prolong the
shelf life of the product; second, to protect the consumer from a potential infection. Although chem. preservatives prevent
microbial growth, their safety is questioned by a growing segment of consumers. Therefore, there is a considerable interest in the
development of preservative-free or self-preserving cosmetics. In these formulations traditional/chem. preservatives have been
replaced by other cosmetic ingredients with antimicrobial properties that are not legislated as preservatives according to the Annex
VI of the Commission Directive 76/768/EEC and the amending directives (2003/15/EC, 2007/17/EC and 2007/22/EC). 'Hurdle
Technol.', a technol. that has been used for the control of product safety in the food industry since 1970s, has also been applied
for the prodn. of self-preserving cosmetics. 'Hurdle Technol.' is a term used to describe the intelligent combination of different
preservation factors or hurdles to deteriorate the growth of microorganisms. Adherence to current good manufg. practice,
appropriate packaging, careful choice of the form of the emulsion, low water activity and low or high pH values are significant
variables for the control of microbial growth in cosmetic formulations. This paper describes the application of the basic principles
of 'Hurdle Technol.' in the prodn. of self-preserving cosmetics. Multifunctional antimicrobial ingredients and plant-derived essential
oils and exts. that are used as alternative or natural preservatives and are not listed in Annex VI of the Cosmetic Directive are
also reported.
Answer 380:
GC/MS analysis and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil of Eucalyptus radiata. Bendaoud, Houcine;
Bouajila, Jalloul; Rhouma, Ali; Savagnac, Arlette; Romdhane, Mehrez. Unite de Recherche MACS, Ecole Nationale d'Ingenieurs
de Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture (2009), 89(8), 1292-1297. Publisher: John Wiley &
Sons Ltd., CODEN: JSFAAE ISSN: 0022-5142. Journal written in English. CAN 152:28635 AN 2009:682299 CAPLUS
Abstract
The essential oil from Eucalyptus radiata leaves collected in Tunisia was extd. by steam distn. and analyzed by gas
chromatog./flame ionization detection and gas chromatog./mass spectrometry. Its antioxidant and antiradical properties were
evaluated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays.
The antimicrobial activity of the oil was examd. in vitro against 2 plant-pathogenic bacteria (four strains each of Agrobacterium
tumefaciens and Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi) and 2 plant-pathogenic fungi (Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani).
Thirty-five compds. were identified and quantified in the essential oil, the major ones being 1,8-cineole (69.53%), -pinene (11.94%)
and trans-pinocarveol (4.81%). Medium antioxidant activity was found in the ABTS assay (IC50 = 484.3  17.3 mg L-1), whereas
no significant free radical-scavenging activity was detected in the DPPH assay (IC50 > 10 000 mg L-1). The antimicrobial assays
showed that the oil exhibited a high level of activity against A. tumefaciens and R. solani, with min. inhibitory concns. ranging
between 750 and 1000 L L-1. However, it was less efficient against P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi and F. solani. The results
indicate that the essential oil of E. radiata, with a high content of terpenic compds., exhibits significant antimicrobial activity
against strains of A. tumefaciens and the fungus R. solani and may therefore be useful for their control.
Answer 381:
Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of methanol extracts of two Athamanta turbith subspecies. Tomic, Ana;
Petrovic, Silvana; Pavlovic, Milica; Trajkovski, Bojana; Milenkovic, Marina; Vucicevic, Dragana; Niketic, Marjan. Department of
Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. Pharmaceutical Biology (London, United
Kingdom) (2009), 47(4), 314-319. Publisher: Informa Healthcare, CODEN: PHBIFC ISSN: 1388-0209. Journal written in
Abstract
The methanol exts. of fruits and leaves of Athamanta turbith subsp. hungarica (Borbas) Tutin (Umbelliferae) and A. turbith subsp.
haynaldii (Borbas & Uechtr.) Tutin were analyzed for their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Phenolic compds. (flavonoids
and phenolic acids) of the exts. were examd. using HPLC. All the exts. were characterized by the presence of caffeic acid
derivates, luteolin and its glycosides, with luteolin 7-O-glucoside as one of the main compds. Luteolin 7-O-rutinoside was detected
only in A. turbith subsp. haynaldii exts. Investigation of antimicrobial activity was performed against six bacteria and two fungal
strains, using the agar diffusion technique and broth microdilution assay. The exts. of investigated A. turbith subspecies exerted
similar antimicrobial activity, whereas the best activity was detected against Candida albicans. In order to investigate antioxidant
properties, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), radical scavenging capacity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)
and hydroxyl radical (HO), and the effect on lipid peroxidn. (LP) were examd. All the examd. exts. showed moderate antioxidant
capacity, whereas the fruit exts. were more active than the exts. of leaves. Also, the exts. of A. turbith subsp. hungarica exerted
higher antioxidant capacity than corresponding A. turbith subsp. haynaldii exts. The relationship between estd. activity and chem.
compn. of the exts. is discussed.
Answer 382:
Leishmania donovani: Thionins, plant antimicrobial peptides with leishmanicidal activity. Berrocal-Lobo, Marta; Molina,
Antonio; Rodriguez-Palenzuela, Pablo; Garcia-Olmedo, Francisco; Rivas, Luis. Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, Madrid,
Spain. Experimental Parasitology (2009), 122(3), 247-249. Publisher: Elsevier B.V., CODEN: EXPAAA ISSN: 0014-4894.
Abstract
The leishmanicidal activity of plant antibiotic peptides (PAPs) from the principal families, such wheat thionins, a barley lipid
transfer protein and potato defensins and snakins were tested in vitro against Leishmania donovani. Only thionins and defensins
were active against this human pathogen at a low micromolar range of concns. Thionins resulted as the most active peptides
tested until now. They collapsed ionic and pH gradients across the parasite plasma membrane together with a rapid depletion of
intracellular ATP without affecting mitochondrial potential. Hence the lethal effect of thionins was mostly assocd. to
permeabilization of the plasma membrane leading to an immediate death of the parasite. The present work is the first evidence for
leishmanicidal activity in plant peptides. Future prospects for their development as new antiparasite agents on human diseases
are considered.
Answer 383:
Human- and plant-pathogenic Pseudomonas species produce bacteriocins exhibiting colicin M-like hydrolase activity
towards peptidoglycan precursors. Barreteau, Helene; Bouhss, Ahmed; Fourgeaud, Martine; Mainardi, Jean-Luc; Touze,
Thierry; Gerard, Fabien; Blanot, Didier; Arthur, Michel; Mengin-Lecreulx, Dominique. Institut de Biochimie et Biophysique
Moleculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 8619, Universite Paris-Sud, Orsay, Fr. Journal of Bacteriology (2009), 191(11), 3657-3664.
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology, CODEN: JOBAAY ISSN: 0021-9193. Journal written in English. CAN
Abstract
Genes encoding proteins that exhibit similarity to the C-terminal domain of Escherichia coli colicin M were identified in the genomes
of some Pseudomonas species, namely, P. aeruginosa, P. syringae, and P. fluorescens. These genes were detected only in a
restricted no. of strains. In P. aeruginosa, for instance, the colicin M homolog gene was located within the ExoU-contg. genomic
island A, a large horizontally acquired genetic element and virulence determinant. Here we report the cloning of these genes from
the three Pseudomonas species and the purifn. and biochem. characterization of the different colicin M homologues. All of them
were shown to exhibit Mg2+-dependent diphosphoric diester hydrolase activity toward the two undecaprenyl phosphate-linked
peptidoglycan precursors (lipids I and II) in vitro. In all cases, the site of cleavage was localized between the undecaprenyl and
pyrophospho-MurNAc moieties of these precursors. These enzymes were not active on the cytoplasmic precursor
UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide or (or only very poorly) on undecaprenyl pyrophosphate. These colicin M homologues have a narrow
range of antibacterial activity. The P. aeruginosa protein at low concns. was shown to inhibit growth of sensitive P. aeruginosa
strains. These proteins thus represent a new class of bacteriocins (pyocins), the first ones reported thus far in the genus
Pseudomonas that target peptidoglycan metab.
Answer 384:
An evaluation of antimicrobial activities of Mimusops elengi Linn. Ali, M. Abbas; Mozid, M. Abdul; Yeasmin, Mst. Sarmina;
Khan, Astaq Mohal; Abu Sayeed, M. Department of Chemistry, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Rajshahi,
Bangladesh. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences (2008), 4(6), 871-874. Publisher: INSInet Publications,
CODEN: RJABAH ISSN: 1819-5415. http://www.insinet.net/rjabs/2008/871-874.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in
Abstract
Different solvent exts. of bark, fruits (fleshy portion) and leaves of Mimusops elengi were screened for their antibacterial and
antifungal activities against some pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The activities of the exts. were not significantly enough against
most of the tested organisms. Fruit exts. were less potent against most of the tested organisms compared to those obtained from
bark and leaves and were inactive against the fungus Trichoderma viride. Leaves exts. displayed good activity against Bacillus
subtilis and Trichoderma viride and were inactive against Helminthosporium sativum. This study may be a lead for further
ethnopharmacognostic investigation to identify new compds. with therapeutic promise.
Answer 385:
Antimicrobial and cytotoxicity activities of the medicinal plant Primula macrophylla. Najmus-Saqib, Qazi; Alam, Fiaz;
Ahmad, Mansoor. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, COMSAT Institute of Information Technology, Abbotabad, NWFP,
Pak. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry (2009), 24(3), 697-701. Publisher: Informa Healthcare, CODEN:
JEIMAZ ISSN: 1475-6366. Journal written in English. CAN 151:205020 AN 2009:639925 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011
Abstract
Primula macrophylla (Primulaceae) is reported as to be useful in asthma, restlessness, insomnia and fish poisoning. Antifungal
and toxic activities of crude ext., fractions and a pure isolated compd. exhibited statistically significant activities. Excellent
antifungal activity was found in the crude ext., benzene and Et acetate fractions against T. longifusis and against M. canis with
different MIC values. Antileishmanial activity (IC50 = 50ug/mL) was obsd. as compared to std. drug Amphotericin B, and
cytotoxic activity (LD50 = 47.919g/mL) was also found in the chloroform fraction. While pure compd. 2-phenylchromone
(Flavone) isolated from the chloroform fraction showed good activity (IC50 = 25g/mL) against Leishmania and cytotoxicity (LD50
= 2.0116 g/mL) in Brine Shrimp expts. From antileishmanial and cytotoxic activity it can be concluded that 2-phenylchromone is
the major compd. responsible for these activities.
Answer 386:
Antimicrobial activity of benzophenones and extracts from the fruits of Garcinia brasiliensis. Naldoni, F. J.; Claudino, A.
L. R.; Cruz, J. W., Jr.; Chavasco, J. K.; Faria e Silva, P. M.; Veloso, M. P.; Dos Santos, M. H. Laboratorio de Fitoquimica e
Quimica Medicinal, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Journal of Medicinal
Food (2009), 12(2), 403-407. Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., CODEN: JMFOFJ ISSN: 1096-620X. Journal written in
Abstract
The pericarp and seeds from fruits of Garcinia brasiliensis were subjected to extn. with hexane and ethanol. The pericarp hexane
ext. (PHE) and seed ethanol ext. (SEE) were purified by silica gel column chromatog., which permitted isolation of the prenylated
benzophenones 7-epiclusianone (1) and guttiferone-A (2), resp. The antimicrobial activity of PHE, SEE, and compds. 1 and 2 were
evaluated against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus cultures. The min. inhibitory
concn. and min. bactericidal concn. were established. The substances presented activity against S. aureus and B. cereus as
follows: PHE, 4.0 g/mL and 2.4 g/mL; SEE, 10.0 g/mL and 12.6 g/mL; 7-epiclusianone, 1.2 g/mL and 0.6 g/mL; and
guttiferone-A, 2.4 g/mL and 2.4 g/mL, resp. The direct relationship between the lipophilic character of the structure and activity
in Gram-pos. bacteria was specifically obsd. Therefore these exts. and prenylated benzophenones represent an interesting topic
for further studies and open possibilities for an alternative control of diseases assocd. with Gram-pos. bacteria.
Answer 387:
Chemical composition and biological activities of Algerian Thymus oils. Hazzit, M.; Baaliouamer, A.; Verissimo, A. R.;
Faleiro, M. L.; Miguel, M. G. Departement de Technologie des Industries Agricoles et Alimentaires, Institut National
Agronomique-INA, Algiers, El-Harrach, Algeria. Food Chemistry (2009), 116(3), 714-721. Publisher: Elsevier B.V., CODEN:
FOCHDJ ISSN: 0308-8146. Journal written in English. CAN 151:243865 AN 2009:625280 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011
Abstract
The compns. of essential oils isolated from nine samples of three Thymus species (Thymus algeriensis, Thymus pallescens and
Thymus dreatensis) were analyzed by GC and GC-MS, and a total of 114 components were identified. T. pallescens collected
from various regions showed a great similarity in their compns. and were characterized by carvacrol (44.4-57.7%), p-cymene
(10.3-17.3%) and -terpinene (10.8-14.2%) as the major components for four samples; only one sample was thymol-rich (49.3%)
with a small amt. of carvacrol (9.0%). On the other hand, T. algeriensis showed a chem. polymorphism, even for samples from
the same location, and two new chemotypes for this species were proposed. Oxygen-contg. monoterpenes were the predominant
class (76.3%) in T. dreatensis oil, with linalool (30.4%), thymol (20.2%) and geraniol (19.6%) as the principal constituents. The oils
were screened for their possible antioxidant activities by four complementary assays, namely DPPH free radical scavenging,
hydroxyl radical scavenging, inhibition of lipid peroxidn. and reducing power. The two new chemotypes of T. algeriensis exhibited
strong hydroxyl radical scavenging (IC50 = 2.2-3.3 g/mL), but were not or only slightly active against the other radicals and
exhibited a weak reducing power. Despite their chem. similarity, T. pallescens oils sometimes produced significant differences in
their antioxidant activities. The essential oils were also screened for their antimicrobial activity against five bacteria (three
Gram-pos. and two Gram-neg.) and one yeast (Candida albicans). The tested essential oils showed antimicrobial activity against
the microorganisms used, in particular against two important pathogens, C. albicans and Helicobacter pylori.
Answer 388:
Lipid content and in vitro antimicrobial activity of oil seeds of some Indian medicinal plants. Neogi, Ujjwal; Saumya,
Ruchi; Mishra, Rashmi K.; Raju, K. C. Department of Microbiology, Administrative Management College, Bangalore, India.
Current Research in Bacteriology (2008), 1(1), 1-6. Publisher: Asian Network for Scientific Information, CODEN: CRBUB5
SciFinder (R))
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to analyze the lipid content of 10 oil seeds of different plant families and the antimicrobial
activities of these plant seeds that can add a new dimension in the alternative medicinal field of Indian origin. Chem. anal. reveals
that the major components of all the seeds were myristic acid, ricinoleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, lauric acid and oleic acid.
The other 4 components i.e., linolenic acid, palmitoleic acid, steric acid and arachidic acid present less than 30% of plant seeds.
The primary screening tests for antibacterial and antifungal activities were shown pos. for all the compds. Escherichia coli and
Candida albicans has shown a zone of clearance ranging 11-15 mm whereas Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Salmonella typhi,
Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium notatum showed the range between 16-20 mm. It is assumed that
oxidative effect could plausibly play an important role in the antimicrobial function of fatty acids. The higher oil content were
found to be on Aegle marmelos (49%), Prunus amygdalus (48%), Cardiospermum halicacabum (47%), Brassica alba (38%) and can
suggest as an agent of conservation in the cosmetic and/or food industries, as an active compd. in medical prepns. and as a
disinfectants.
Answer 389:
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Prangos ferulacea (L.)Lindl from Iran. Razavi,
Seyed Mehdi; Nazemiyeh, Hossein; Zarrini, Gholamreza; Asna-Asharii, Solmaz; Dehghan, Gholamreza. Department of Biology,
Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh-Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Natural Products: An Indian Journal (2008), 4(2),
163-165. Publisher: Trade Science Inc., CODEN: NPAREX Journal written in English. CAN 152:31397 AN 2009:574095
Abstract
The hydrodistd. essential oils of fruits and umbels of Prangos ferulacea (L.)Lindl growing in Iran were analyzed by GC/MS. Six
compds., comprising 93.7 and 94.7% of the total fruits and umbels oils were identified, resp. -Pinene and cis-ocimene are the
major components of the oils. The essential oils show high antibacterial effect against Bacillus cereus.
Answer 390:
Method for preparing populus antimicrobial compounds and application of the compounds as microbicide. Zhou,
Ligang; Chen, Yuanquan; Sui, Peng; Peng, Youliang; Wang, Mingan; Zhong, Lingyun; Zhou, Yaming; Huang, Yongfu. (China
Agricultural University, Peop. Rep. China). Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu (2009), 17pp. CODEN: CNXXEV
CN 101423507 A 20090506 Patent written in Chinese. Application: CN 2008-10224724 20081210. Priority: CN

CN 101423507 A 20090506 CN 2008-10224724 20081210
CN 2008-10224724 20081210
Abstract
The title poplar antimicrobial compds. are sepd. from Populus  Canadensis Moench 'Neva', and are detd. as
alkyl-hydroxy-trans-cinnamate, 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy flavone, 5,7-dihydroxy flavone, and 5,7-dihydroxy flavonol. The invention
firstly confirms that flavonoids are the main antimicrobial active ingredients of Populus, and at the same time, confirms that
Populus ext. and its antimicrobial components have significant activity on inhibiting pathogenic microbial of multiple plants and can
be used for controlling plant diseases.
Answer 391:
Studies of the in vitro anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of selected Yemeni medicinal plants from the
island Soqotra. Mothana, Ramzi A.; Lindequist, Ulrike; Gruenert, Renate; Bednarski, Patrick J. Department of
Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sana'a-University, Sana'a, Yemen. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
(2009), 9 No pp. given. Publisher: BioMed Central Ltd., CODEN: BCAMCV ISSN: 1472-6882.
http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1472-6882-9-7.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in English. CAN 151:373263
Abstract
Background: Recent years have witnessed that there is a revival of interest in drug discovery from medicinal plants for the
maintenance of health in all parts of the world. The aim of this work was to investigate 26 plants belonging to 17 families collected
from a unique place in Yemen (Soqotra Island) for their in vitro anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Methods: The
26 plants were extd. with methanol and hot water to yield 52 exts. Evaluation for in vitro anticancer activity was done against
three human cancer cell lines (A-427, 5637 and MCF-7) by using an established microtiter plate assay based on cellular staining
with crystal violet. Antimicrobial activity was tested against three Gram-pos. bacteria, two Gram-neg. bacteria, one yeast species
and three multiresistant Staphylococcus strains by using an agar diffusion method and the detn. of MIC against three Gram-pos.
bacteria with the broth micro-diln. assay. Antioxidant activity was investigated by measuring the scavenging activity of the DPPH
radical. Moreover, a phytochem. screening of the methanolic exts. was done. Results: Notable cancer cell growth inhibition was
obsd. for exts. from Ballochia atro-virgata, Eureiandra balfourii and Hypoestes pubescens, with IC50 values ranging between 0.8
and 8.2 g/mL. The methanol exts. of Acanthospermum hispidum, Boswellia dioscorides, Boswellia socotrana, Commiphora
ornifolia and Euphorbia socotrana also showed noticeable antiproliferative potency with IC50 values < 50 g/mL. The greatest
antimicrobial activity was exhibited by exts. from Acacia pennivenia, Boswellia dioscorides, Boswellia socotrana, Commiphora
ornifolia, Euclea divinorum, Euphorbia socotrana, Leucas samhaensis, Leucas virgata, Rhus thyrsiflora, and Teucrium sokotranum
with inhibition zones > 15 mm and MIC values  250 g/mL. In addn., the methanolic exts. of Acacia pennivenia, Boswellia
dioscorides, Boswellia socotrana and Commiphora ornifolia showed good antioxidant potential at low concns.
(more than 80% at 50 g/mL). Conclusion: Our results show once again that medicinal plants can be promising sources of natural
products with potential anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidative activity. The results will guide the selection of some plant
species for further pharmacol. and phytochem. investigations.
Answer 392:
A Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Sulfasalazine in Comparison with 5-Aminosalicylates in the Induction of Improvement
and Maintenance of Remission in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis. Nikfar, Shekoufeh; Rahimi, Roja; Rezaie, Ali; Abdollahi,
Mohammad. Ministry of Health and Medical Education, and Food & Drug Laboratory Research Center, Drug Selecting
Committee, Food & Drug Organization, Tehran, Iran. Digestive Diseases and Sciences (2009), 54(6), 1157-1170. Publisher:
Springer, CODEN: DDSCDJ ISSN: 0163-2116. Journal written in English. CAN 151:520506 AN 2009:556873 CAPLUS
Abstract
Background: Historically, sulfasalazine (SSZ) and 5-aminosalicylates (5-ASAs) have been a mainstay of mild-to-moderate
ulcerative colitis (UC) remission induction and maintenance therapy. Considering the pivotal role of intestinal microbial flora in
pathophysiol. of UC and antimicrobial activity of sulfapyridine, we hypothesized that SSZ might be more effective than 5-ASAs in
the management of UC. Aim: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of SSZ with each of the 5-ASAs (mesalamine, olsalazine,
and balsalazide) by a meta-anal. technique. Methods: Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register
of Controlled Trials were searched for studies compared efficacy and/or tolerability of SSZ with 5-ASAs in the management of UC.
The search terms were: "sulfasalazine" or "sulfasalazine" and "5-aminosalicylic acid," "mesalazine," "mesalamine," "olsalazine" or
"balsalazide" and "ulcerative colitis. " Data were collected from 1966 to Apr. 2008. There was no language restriction. "Overall
improvement," "relapse rate," "total adverse events," and "withdrawals because of adverse events" were the key outcomes of
interest. Results: Twenty randomized placebo controlled trials met our criteria and were included in the meta-anal. Comparison of
SSZ with mesalamine yielded a nonsignificant relative risk (RR) of 1.04 (95% confidence interval of 0.89-1.21, P = 0.63) for
overall improvement, a nonsignificant RR of 0.98 (95% CI 0.78-1.23, P = 0.85) for relapse, a nonsignificant RR of 0.76 (95% CI
0.54-1.07, P = 0.11) for any adverse events, and a nonsignificant RR of 0.78 (95% CI 0.46-1.3, P = 0.33) for withdrawals due to
adverse events. Comparison of SSZ with olsalazine yielded a nonsignificant RR of 1.14 (95% CI 0.91-1.43, P = 0.25) for overall
improvement, a nonsignificant RR of 0.93 (95% CI 0.77-1.12, P = 0.42) for relapse, a nonsignificant RR of 1.21 (95% CI 0.9-1.61,
P = 0.20) for any adverse events, and a nonsignificant RR of 1.53 (95% CI 0.93-2.52, P = 0.09) for withdrawals due to adverse
events.
Comparison of SSZ with balsalazide yielded a nonsignificant RR of 1.3 (95% CI 0.93-1.81, P = 0.12) for overall
improvement, and a significant RR of 0.17 (95% CI 0.06-0.49, P = 0.001) for withdrawals because of adverse events.
Conclusion: SSZ does not differ from mesalamine or olsalazine in terms of efficacy and tolerability in UC.
Withdrawal from study due to adverse events was significantly lower for balsalazide compared with SSZ. Convincing
conclusions on the comparison of effectiveness and safety of balsalazide and SSZ in UC remains to be elucidated
by further clin. trials. Considering the lower cost of treatment with SSZ and the equal rate of adverse events with
other 5-ASAa, it is not surprising to suggest SSZ as a first-choice treatment for UC and reserve 5-ASAs for when
SSZ intolerability occurs.
Answer 393:
Optimization of antibiotic compound produced by Streptomyces sp. isolated from earthworm gut (Eisenia foetida).
Aruna, S.; Vijayalakshmi, K.; Shashikanth, M.; Rani, M. Surekha; Jyothi, K.; Prasanna, N. D.; Shasheen, S. K.; Jyotsna, K.
Pavana. Department of Applied Microbiology, Tirupati, India. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental
Sciences (2009), 11(1), 77-82. Publisher: Global Science Publications, CODEN: AJMBAQ ISSN: 0972-3005. Journal written in
Abstract
Screening was performed to detect the antimicrobial activity exhibiting Actinomycetes from earthworm gut. Twenty isolates were
obtained and among them 9 isolates showed good activity. AS1 isolate showed higher activity when compared to other strains.
Influence of different media, carbon and nitrogen sources and different phys. parameters like temp., pH and NaCl concn., effect
of incubation period on antibiotic prodn. was studied. Optimum conditions for max. prodn. of compd. were deduced from the
studies. Based on morphol. and biochem. characteristics the isolate AS1 was detected to be Streptomyces sp., having
broad-spectrum antagonistic activity against a wide range of pathogenic and plant pathogenic bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi.
Answer 394:
In vitro characterization of the antimicrobial activity of selected essential oil components and binary combinations
against the pig gut flora. Michiels, J.; Missotten, J. A. M.; Fremaut, D.; De Smet, S.; Dierick, N. A. Faculty of Biosciences
and Landscape Architecture, University College Ghent, Ghent, Belg. Animal Feed Science and Technology (2009), 151(1-2),
111-127. Publisher: Elsevier B.V., CODEN: AFSTDH ISSN: 0377-8401. Journal written in English. CAN 152:70216 AN
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of selected essential oil (EO) components against the major culturable components of the pig gut flora
has been characterized by means of an in vitro incubation model simulating the fermn. in different sections of the pig
gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In a first study 7 components were screened for their antimicrobial properties. Dose-response
equations were established for the 4 components with the highest potential in a second study. Binary combinations were tested as
well, and the interaction effects were evaluated following the isobole method. The results of both studies indicated that carvacrol,
thymol, eugenol and trans-cinnamaldehyde give opportunities to modulate the flora and fermn. pattern of the GIT of pigs.
Eucalyptol, terpinen-4-ol and trans-anethole were found not to have interesting effects on the growth of the pig gut flora. The min.
concn. for carvacrol, thymol, eugenol and trans-cinnamaldehyde in jejunal simulations to reduce the no. of total anaerobic bacteria
compared to control with a probability of 99.7% was 255, 258, 223 and 56 mg/L resp. This strong activity of trans-cinnamaldehyde
was due to its progressively increasing effect against coliform bacteria; a dose of 104 mg/L gave a redn. of 1 log10 CFU/mL vs.
371, 400 and 565 mg/L for carvacrol, thymol and eugenol resp. However, trans-cinnamaldehyde showed clearly less inhibitory
activity towards lactobacilli than carvacrol and thymol. Therefore, the use of trans-cinnamaldehyde (for example 100 mg/L) and to
a lesser extent eugenol could result in a shift in the microbial ecol. in favor of lactic acid producing bacteria and reducing the no. of
coliform bacteria. Carvacrol and thymol showed very similar and non-selective antimicrobial properties. Their effect was more
pronounced in acidic media and demonstrated a rapidly increasing bactericidal effect from a certain concn. on (400-500 mg/L in
jejunal simulations). The inhibition of the prodn.
of total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in jejunal simulations by these 4 candidates was related to their effect against coliform
bacteria, however they did not alter the lactic acid and ammonia concns. Few combinations demonstrated synergism; most mixts.
showed zero interaction or antagonism. Carvacrol + thymol (ratio 1) was synergistic against total anaerobic bacteria in jejunal
simulations, however this effect was rather small. In cecal simulations, carvacrol, thymol and trans-cinnamaldehyde were equally
effective while eugenol had an effect only on coliforms. These data on the in vitro antimicrobial activities of EO components give
support for a better control of the gastrointestinal bacterial community and the design of alternative growth promoters. Their in
vivo potential is also discussed.
Answer 395:
Crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of glutathione transferases from cyanobacteria. Feil, Susanne C.; Tang,
Julian; Hansen, Guido; Gorman, Michael A.; Wiktelius, Eric; Stenberg, Gun; Parker, Michael W. Biota Structural Biology
Laboratory, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia. Acta Crystallographica, Section F: Structural
Biology and Crystallization Communications (2009), F65(5), 475-477. Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell, CODEN: ACSFCL ISSN:
1744-3091. http://journals.iucr.org/f/issues/2009/05/00/nj5029/nj5029.pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in English. CAN
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a group of multifunctional enzymes that are found in animals, plants, and microorganisms.
Their primary function is to remove toxins derived from exogenous sources or the products of metab. from the cell. Mammalian
GSTs have been extensively studied, in contrast to bacterial GSTs which have received relatively scant attention. A new class of
GSTs called Chi has recently been identified in cyanobacteria. Chi GSTs exhibit a high glutathionylation activity toward
isothiocyanates, compds. that are normally found in plants. Here, the crystn. of 2 GSTs are presented: TeGST produced by
Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 and SeGST from Synechococcus elongatus PCC 6301. Both enzymes formed crystals
that diffracted to high resoln. and appeared to be suitable for further x-ray diffraction studies. The structures of these GSTs may
shed further light on the evolution of GST catalytic activity and in particular why these enzymes possess catalytic activity
towards plant antimicrobial compds.
Answer 396:
Secreted expression of the combinant defensin alfAFP (M. sativa) in Pichia pastoris and its antimicrobial activity against
rice pathogens in vitro. Li, Ping; Sang, Xian-chun; Pei, Yan; He, Guang-hua. Rice Research Institute, Southwest
University, Chongqing, Peop. Rep. China. Zhongguo Nongye Kexue (Beijing, China) (2009), 42(3), 869-875. Publisher:
Zhongguo Nongye Kexue Bianjibu, CODEN: CKNYAR ISSN: 0578-1752. Journal written in Chinese. CAN 151:546860 AN
Abstract
Most plant defensins are involved with antimicrobial activity against various plant pathogens. Expression of the defensin AlfAFP
from Medicago sativa in transgenic potato and tomato plants proved to possess high resistance to the pathogen. Study on
antimicrobial activity of alfAFP against three main rice disease, blast, bacterial blight and sheath blight, will be significant for
further research of disease resistance in transgenic rice. AlfAFP was inserted into yeast expression vector pP1C9K, and then
transferred into Pichia pastoris GS115 strain by electroporation, and alfAFP was expressed in yeast and utilized to assess
antimicrobial activity in vitro. A mol. mass of expressed alfAFP was about 6.5 kD by 15% SDS-PAGE anal., and the recombinant
protein showed certain antimicrobial activity against Rhizoctonia solani, Magnaporthe grisea and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae,
esp. for Rhizoctonia solani. Defensin alfAFP was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris, and antimicrobial activity was
detected for rice tested pathogens in vitro, indicating its potential function in breeding rice for disease resistance.
Answer 397:
Natural antimicrobial agent for substitution for ampicillin, penicillin or streptomycin used in food for inhibiting growth
of food poisoning microbes. Ha, Yeong Rae; Kim, Jeong Ok; Park, Suk Ja; Kim, Yeong Suk; Lee, Seon Min. (Gyeongsang
National University, Industry-University Cooperation Foundation, S. Korea; HK Biotech Co., Ltd.). Repub. Korean Kongkae

KR 2009039982 A 20090423 KR 2007-105510 20071019
KR 2007-105510 20071019
Abstract
A plant antimicrobial agent compn. simultaneously having safety and strong activity is presented. The plant antimicrobial agent
compn. with specificity is obtained from -caryophyllene by photochem. oxidn., and contains more than one of 5a-hydroxy
caryophylla-4(12),8(13)-diene, 5a-hydroxycaryophylla-3(4),8(13)-diene, 5b-hydroxycaryophylla-3(4),8(13)-diene, mixt. of
5a-hydroxy caryophylla-4(12),8(13)-diene and 5a-hydroxycaryophylla-3(4),8(13)-diene, mixt. of 5a-hydroxy
caryophylla-4(12),8(13)-diene and 5b-hydroxycaryophylla-3(4),8(13)-diene, mixt. of 5a-hydroxycaryophylla-3(4),8(13)-diene and
5b-hydroxycaryophylla-3(4),8(13)-diene, mixt. of 5a-hydroxy caryophylla-4(12),8(13)-diene and
5a-hydroxycaryophylla-3(4),8(13)-diene and 5b-hydroxycaryophylla-3(4),8(13)-diene, and mixt. of
5b-hydroxycaryophylla-4(12),8(13)-diene and 4a-hydroxy caryophylla-5(6),8(13)-diene and 4b-hydroxycaryophylla-5(6),8(13)-diene.
The above compds. have specificity to wide-range pathogenic and putrefactive microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, yeast and
virus. The antimicrobial ability of 5a-hydroxy caryophylla-4(12),8(13)-diene, 5a-hydroxycaryophylla-3(4),8(13)-diene and
5b-hydroxycaryophylla-3(4),8(13)-diene is similar, and the antimicrobial ability of 5b-hydroxycaryophylla-3(4),8(13)-diene is a little
higher. The compds. and their mixt. can be safely used as antimicrobial agent in various kinds of food and inhibitor for microbial
growth.
Answer 398:
Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil from Salvia sclarea plants regenerated in vitro. Kuzma,
Lukasz; Kalemba, Danuta; Rozalski, Marek; Rozalska, Barbara; Wieckowska-Szakiel, Marzena; Krajewska, Urszula; Wysokinska,
Halina. Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Pol. Molecules (2009), 14(4),
1438-1447. Publisher: Molecular Diversity Preservation International, CODEN: MOLEFW ISSN: 1420-3049.
http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/14/4/1438/pdf Journal; Online Computer File written in English. CAN 151:97254 AN
Abstract
The essential oils obtained by hydrodistn. of dried aerial parts of Salvia sclarea L. plants, regenerated in vitro and reproduced from
seeds, were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The oils from in vitro and in vivo plants were compared in respect to their chem.
compn. as well as antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. The chem. profiles of both oils were very similar, although the yield of
essential oil from in vitro plants was lower (0.1%, v/w) than the oil yield isolated from in vivo S. sclarea plants (0.2%, v/w). Both
oils showed antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. The oil from in vitro regenerated plants of S. sclarea exhibited stronger cytotoxic
action against NALM-6 cell lines in comparison with the essential oil from in vivo plants.
Answer 399:
Changes in microbial flora of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) during refrigerated storage and its shelf-life extension
by chitosan. Cao, Rong; Xue, Chang-hu; Liu, Qi. College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean university of China,
Qingdao, Shandong Province, Peop. Rep. China. International Journal of Food Microbiology (2009), 131(2-3), 272-276.
Publisher: Elsevier B.V., CODEN: IJFMDD ISSN: 0168-1605. Journal written in English. CAN 152:167380 AN 2009:478382
Abstract
Changes in microbial flora of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) during storage at 5  1 C were analyzed and the antimicrobial
activity of chitosan was studied to identify its potential in shelf-life extension. The dominant microorganisms were found to be
Pseudomonas (22%) and Vibrionaceae (20%) in raw oysters. During storage, proportion of Pseudomonas increased significantly
and reached 73% at the end of storage, while Vibrionaceae preserved a level of approx. 20%. Wide-spectrum antibacterial
property of chitosan against the bacteria isolated from oysters was discovered, and chitosan concn. of 5.0 g/L was eventually
detd. for application in oyster preservation. Based on microbiol. anal., biochem. indexes detn. and sensory evaluation, shelf-life
of oysters stored at 5  1 C was detd. Data showed that chitosan treatment extended the shelf-life of oysters from 8-9 days to
14-15 days.
Answer 400:
Evaluation of the in vitro anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of some Yemeni plants used in folk
medicine. Mothana, R. A. A.; Gruenert, R.; Bednarski, P. J.; Lindequist, U. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Sana'a-University, Sana'a, Yemen. Pharmazie (2009), 64(4), 260-268. Publisher: Govi-Verlag Pharmazeutischer
Verlag GmbH, CODEN: PHARAT ISSN: 0031-7144. Journal written in English. AN 2009:451996 CAPLUS (Copyright (C)
Abstract
The present research study deals with the evaluation of sixty four methanolic and aq. exts. of thirty Yemeni plants used in
traditional medicine for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against three human cancer cell lines in a microtiter plate assay based
on cellular staining with crystal violet, for their antimicrobial activity against antibiotic susceptible three Gram-pos., three
Gram-neg. bacterial and one fungal stains and three multiresistant Staphylococcus strains by the agar diffusion method and the
detn. of MIC against three Gram-pos. bacteria with the broth micro-diln. assay, as well as for their antioxidant activity using the
DPPH radical scavenging method. Furthermore the chem. compn. of the methanolic exts. was detd. by using chromatog.
methods. As a result of this work, 12 Yemeni herbs namely Centaurothamus maximus, Costus arabicus, Cupressus
sempervirens, Dichrocephala integrifolia, Euphorbia schimperi, Gomphocarpus fruticosus, Kanahia laniflora, Meriandera
benghalensis, Pulicaria inuloides, Solanum glabratum, Tarconanthus camphoratus and Vernonia leopoldii demonstrated a noteworthy
growth inhibitory effect against all cancer cell lines with IC50 values < 50 g/mL. Pronounced antimicrobial activity was obsd. only
against Gram-pos. bacteria among them multiresistant bacteria with inhibition zones > 15 mm and MIC values < 500 g/mL, by 9
plants esp. Centaurothamus maximus, Cupressus sempervirens, Enicostemma verticillare, Meriandera benghalensis, Nepeta
deflersiana, Pulicaria inuloides, Tarconanthus camphoratus, Teucrium yemense and Vernonia leopoldii. Moreover, the methanolic
exts. of Cupressus sempervirens, Meriandera benghalensis, Pulicaria inuloides and Rhus retinorrhaea showed a remarkable radical
scavenging effect at low concns.
Answer 401:
In-vitro bioactivity of Venda medicinal plants used in the treatment of respiratory conditions. Pallant, C. A.; Steenkamp,
V. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, S. Afr. Human & Experimental
Toxicology (2008), 27(11), 859-866. Publisher: Sage Publications Ltd., CODEN: HETOEA ISSN: 0960-3271. Journal written in
Abstract
Infectious diseases, esp. those affecting the respiratory tract, represent a crit. problem to health. Crude methanol and water exts.
of 10 Venda plants reported to be used ethnomedically in the treatment of respiratory conditions were assessed for their
antimicrobial activity against std. strains and clin. isolates of Candida albicans, Haemophilis influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae,
Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Mycobacterium smegmatis using the disk diffusion assay. Four of the
10 plants tested possessed antimicrobial activity, but no activity against K. pneumoniae was obsd. Min. inhibitory concns., as
detd. by the broth microdilution assay, showed three plants, Securidaca longepedunculata, Syzygium cordatum, and
Tabernaemontana elegans, to possess MICs  1 mg/mL. Phytochem. screening, performed by sepn. on thin layer chromatog.
using a variety of mobile phases and visualization with spray reagents as well as UV light showed various classes of compds. in
the active exts. Some of these have been assocd. with antioxidant activity, as confirmed in this study. Moreover, these exts.
showed toxicity in vitro to lymphocytes. Although three plant species with significant antimicrobial activity were identified, there is
a need for further scientific evaluation regarding identification of the bioactive constituents, as well as their toxicity.
Answer 402:
Chemical and pharmacological aspects of the genus Calophyllum. Cechinel Filho, Valdir; Meyre-Silva, Christiane; Niero,
Rivaldo. Programa de Mestrado em Ciencias Farmaceuticas e Nucleo de Investigacoes Quimico - Farmaceuticas
(NIQFAR)/CCS, Universidade do Vale do Itajai (UNIVALI), Itajai, Brazil. Chemistry & Biodiversity (2009), 6(3), 313-327.
Publisher: Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta, CODEN: CBHIAM ISSN: 1612-1872. Journal; General Review written in English.
Abstract
A review. The Calophyllum genus (Clusiaceae) is composed of ca. 200 species, with a pantropical distribution. Some species are
used as medicinal agents to treat a large no. of diseases, including gastric ulcers, infections, pain, tumors, and inflammatory
processes, among others. A review of the literature regarding the chem. and biol. aspects of these plants indicates cytotoxic
activity against several cell lines, inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, antisecretory and cytoprotective properties,
antinociceptive, molluscicidal and antimicrobial effects, etc., related particularly to the presence of coumarins, xanthones,
flavonoids, and triterpenes. This review, therefore, deals with the chem., and pharmacol. or biol. of the main plants belonging to
the genus Calophyllum, with particular emphasis on C. brasiliense, studied by our research group.
Answer 403:
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Centaurea appendicigera and Centaurea
helenioides. Yayli, Nurettin; Yasar, Ahmet; Yayli, Nuran; Albay, Canan; Asamaz, Yaprak; Coskuncelebi, Kamil; Karaoglu,
Sengul. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turk.
Pharmaceutical Biology (London, United Kingdom) (2009), 47(1), 7-12. Publisher: Informa Healthcare, CODEN: PHBIFC ISSN:
(R))
Abstract
The chem. components and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from Centaurea appendicigera C. Koch and Centaurea
helenioides Boiss, two different endemic members of the genus Centaurea L. (Asteraceae), were studied. The essential oils of
air-dried C. appendicigera and C. helenioides were obtained by hydrodistn. in a Clevenger-type app. and analyzed by GC-MS.
Forty-five and fifty-one components were identified in the essential oils of C. appendicigera and C. helenioides, resp., and the
main components of these taxa were found to be -caryophyllene (17.5%) from C. appendicigera and caryophyllene oxide (18.2%)
from C. helenioides. The antimicrobial activity of the isolated essential oil of the plants was also investigated, and demonstrated
moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-pos., Gram-neg. bacteria, and yeast-like fungi.
Answer 404:
Component composition of essential oils of Artemisia lercheana and A. sieversiana of the flora of Kazakhstan.
Antimicrobial activity of A. sieversiana essential oil. Suleimenov, E. M.; Ozek, T.; Demirci, F.; Demirci, B.; Baser, K. H. C.;
Adekenov, S. M. L. N. Gumilev Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan. Chemistry of Natural Compounds
(2009), 45(1), 120-123. Publisher: Springer, CODEN: CHNCA8 ISSN: 0009-3130. Journal written in English. AN 2009:428262
Answer 405:
Biological activity and isolated compounds in Sapindus saponaria L. and other plants of the genus Sapindus.
Pelegrini, Denise D.; Tsuzuki, Joyce K.; Amado, Ciomar A. B.; Cortez, Diogenes A. G.; Ferreira, Izabel C. P. Departamento de
Farmacia e Farmacologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil. Latin American Journal of Pharmacy
(2008), 27(6), 922-927. Publisher: Colegio de Farmaceuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CODEN: LAJPA9 ISSN:
0326-2383. Journal; General Review written in English. CAN 151:332097 AN 2009:414865 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011
Abstract
A review. Species of Sapindus (Sapindaceae) are widespread throughout the tropics (e.g., Brazil, China and India). The present
report is based on available data and refs. on species of this genus. The main substances found in plants of the genus Sapindus
are acetylated triterpenic saponin and acyclic sesquiterpene oligoglycosides. These plants have antimicrobial, spermicidal,
antiulcer, hepatoprotective, molluscicidal, fungicidal and anti-inflammatory activity. In Brazil, the fruit of Sapindus saponaria L. is
employed in folk medicine in the treatment of ulcers and external wounds.
Answer 406:
Antimicrobial activity of essential oils from aromatic plants grown in the Mediterranean area. Tommasi, Luca; Negro,
Carmine; Miceli, Antonio; Mazzotta, Franco. Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Universita del
Salento, Lecce, Italy. Journal of Essential Oil Research (2009), 21(2), 185-189. Publisher: Allured Business Media, CODEN:
JEOREG ISSN: 1041-2905. Journal written in English. CAN 151:308486 AN 2009:403325 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011
Abstract
The chem. compn. and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils isolated from four Lamiaceae [Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav.,
Origanum vulgare L. subsp. hirtum (Link) Ietsw., Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Satureja cuneifolia Ten.] harvested at three
different vegetative stages, spontaneously growing in the South of Puglia, towards Gram-(+)ve and Gram-(-)ve bacteria and
pathogenic yeasts were evaluated. The four oils were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS, and exhibited similarities and differences
with respect to data reported in the literature. Specifically, T. capitata and O. vulgare subsp. hirtum oils were found to be rich in
thymol (60.9-67.5% and 29.8-56.8%, resp.) and R. officinalis oil had large amts. of 1,8-cineole (8.0-51.3%) and -pinene
(3.9-31.4%). The compn. of the oil of S. cuneifolia varied most of all, its main constituents being linalool (9.6-32.7%), borneol
(12.9-24.0%) and -pinene (9.5-11.7%). Each of the oils was found to possess some antimicrobial properties using the agar
diffusion method. The effectiveness and behavioral specificity varied from one species to another, and within each species, in
relation to the vegetative period and the microorganism tested. The most effective oils were those of O. vulgare subsp. hirtum
and T. capitata. The latter was also biol. active towards P. aeruginosa which was not sensitive to either R. officinalis or S.
cuneifolia oils.
Answer 407:
Essential oil analysis and antimicrobial activities of Anthemis marschalliana ssp. pectinata and Anthemis cretica ssp.
argaea from Turkey. Albay, Canan Gulec; Albay, Mesut; Yayli, Nuran; Yildirim, Nuri; Coskuncelebi, Kamil; Yayli, Nurettin.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turk. Asian Journal of
Chemistry (2009), 21(2), 1425-1431. Publisher: Asian Journal of Chemistry, CODEN: AJCHEW ISSN: 0970-7077. Journal
Abstract
The present work describes chem. compn. and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Anthemis marschalliana Wild ssp.
pectinata (Boiss) Grierson and Anthemis cretica L ssp. argaea (Boiss & Bal) Grierson. The essential oils were obtained from all the
parts of the plant by hydrodistn. and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Forty two and forty four components representing 88.6
and 89.6 % of the total oils were characterized and the main components of these species were found to be spathulenol (21.7 %),
humulene epoxide II (5.9 %), -pinene (4.8 %) and -bisabolol (4.6 %) from A. marschalliana ssp. pectinata and -pinene (14.6 %),
-pinene (14.3 %), borneol (10.6 %) and -acorenol (6.5 %) from A. cretica ssp. argae, resp. The antimicrobial activities of the
isolated essential oils of the plants were also investigated and they showed moderate antibacterial activity against Yersinia
pseudotuberculosis and Bacillus cereus.
Answer 408:
Antiinflammatory and antimicrobial activity of anthraquinone isolated from Aloe vera (Liliaceae). Lone, Mohammad
Abbas; Malviya, Dinisha; Mishra, Pooja; Dubey, Aarti; Saxena, R. C. Pest Control & Ayurvedic Drug Research Laboratory,
S.S.L. Jain College, Vidisha, India. Asian Journal of Chemistry (2009), 21(3), 1807-1811. Publisher: Asian Journal of
Chemistry, CODEN: AJCHEW ISSN: 0970-7077. Journal written in English. CAN 150:320977 AN 2009:402387 CAPLUS
Abstract
Aloe vera Linn family Liliaceae is known as wonder herb because of its wide medicinal uses. Cell sap of Aloe vera was taken in
Petridish and was phytochem. screened for anthraquinone which is phenolic compd. found invariably, in sap of fleshy leaves.
Anthraquinone 'Emodin' was isolated from the plant sap which show pain killing, antiinflammatory and antimicrobial activity against
Staphylococcus aureus strain (MTCC 96).
Answer 409:
Properties, ecological characteristics and antimicrobial activities of Ebe Black Pine (P. nigra ssp. pallasiana var.
seneriana). Toroglu, Emin; Unaldi, Ulku Eser; Toroglu, Sevil. Department of Geography, Faculty of Science and Arts,
Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turk. Asian Journal of Chemistry (2009), 21(1), 763-770.
Publisher: Asian Journal of Chemistry, CODEN: AJCHEW ISSN: 0970-7077. Journal written in English. AN 2009:402346
Abstract
Turkey is one of the richest areas in the middle latitudes in terms of plant diversity. One of Turkey's (Anatolia) endemic plants is
Ebe Black Pine (P. nigra ssp. pallasiana var. seneriana). This study was carried out to investigate the properties, distribution area,
climatic conditions and the antimicrobial activities of this plant. According to de Martonne, this plant lives in passing climates
between semi arid and humid climatic conditions and according to Erinc, it grows in semi humid climatic conditions. Addnl., when
the results of this study were compared with ampicillin (10 mcg) and nystatin (30 mcg) stds., it was found that exts. of Ebe Black
Pine were found to particularly possess stronger antimicrobial activities.
Answer 410:
Composition and antimicrobial activity of the volatile oil from bud of Syringa oblata. Tang, Yu-fang; Zhang, Miao-ling;
Zhang, You-hao; Liao, Hong-guang; Ouyang, Jun-xiang; Zeng, Zhi-ding; Feng, Shu-huan; Li, Hong-mei. Chemical Engineering
College, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Peop. Rep. China. Xiangtan Daxue Ziran Kexue Xuebao (2008), 30(4), 101-105.
Publisher: Xiangtan Daxue, CODEN: XDZXEW ISSN: 1000-5900. Journal written in Chinese. CAN 151:542944 AN
Abstract
The volatile oil extd. from Syringa oblata by microwave pretreated and simultaneous distn. and extn. method was detd. by the
GC-MS. Phenol, 2-methoxy-3-propenyl- (relative contents 62.21%), phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-, acetate (relative contents
17.7%) and bicyclo[7,2,0]undec-4-ene, 4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylene- (relative contents 15.29%) were their chief components.
The volatile oil showed significant anti-microbial activity to 6 bacteria and 4 fungi with the min. inhibitory concn. (MIC) to
Staphylococcus aureus (6.25 mL/L), Aspergillus niger (6.25 mL/L), Penicillium citrinum Thom (6.25 mL/L), Proteus vulgaris (12.50
mL/L), Bacillus cereus (12.50 mL/L), Escherichia coli (12.50 mL/L), Salmonella (12.50 mL/L), Aspergillus flavus (12.50 mL/L),
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (12.50 mL/L), and Bacillus subtilis (25.00 mL/L), resp.
Answer 411:
The effect of antioxidants on Lactobacillus casei cultures. Duda-Chodak, Aleksandra; Tarko, Tomasz; Statek, Mateusz.
University of Agriculture in Krakow, Pol. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum, Technologia Alimentaria (2008), 7(4), 39-51. Publisher:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Poznaniu, CODEN: ASPTDP ISSN: 1644-0730. Journal written in English. CAN
Abstract
The growing popularity of functional foods causes increasing interest in raw materials, which can raise the pro-health value of food
when supplemented. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of compds. with antioxidant properties on Lactobacillus casei,
as a representative of probiotic microorganisms. In the expts. the pure antioxidants and plant exts. were used. The results
showed that catechin at concn. of 100-400 M and chlorogenic acid (400 M) had a stimulatory effect on L. casei growth.
Quercetin at concns. of 25-50 M showed an inhibitory effect when incubation time was  6 h. The lingonberry leaves ext. caused
a slight increase in the dry substance of biomass in comparison with control. Exts. of coffee, chokeberry, and dog rose should
not be used as additives for probiotic food as they significantly inhibited L. casei. We conclude that: (1) antioxidants at concns.
higher than 100 M may stimulate growth of L. casei;(2) except the antioxidants, some other compds. which are present in plants
exts. e.g. tannins and alkaloids may exert an antibacterial influence; and (3) the probiotic yoghurts supplementation with fruit and
other plant materials should be preceded by careful studies about their influence on the bacteria.
Answer 412:
Effect of a mixture of supplemental dietary plant essential oils on performance of periparturient and early lactation dairy
cows. Tassoul, M. D.; Shaver, R. D. Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA.
Journal of Dairy Science (2009), 92(4), 1734-1740. Publisher: American Dairy Science Association, CODEN: JDSCAE ISSN:
(R))
Abstract
Plant essential plant oils (EO) are volatile arom. compds. with antimicrobial activity that can alter ruminal fermn. when used as
dietary supplements. A feeding trial was conducted to det. the effects of dietary supplementation of periparturient and early
lactation dairy cows with a specific mixt. of EO. Forty multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned to either control (C) or
EO-supplemented (1.2 g/cow per day) total mixed ratios (TMR). Feeding of treatment diets commenced 3 wk before the expected
calving date and continued through 15 wk in lactation. The prepartum TMR contained 70% forage [70% corn silage, 15% alfalfa
silage, and 15% wheat straw; dry matter (DM) basis]. The lactation TMR contained 50% forage (60% corn silage, 33% alfalfa
silage, 7% alfalfa hay; DM basis). Prepartum and lactation TMR were formulated to contain 12 and 17% CP (DM basis), resp.
There were no differences between treatments for prepartum DM intake (DMI), but DMI was 1.8 kg/d less for EO than C on av.
across the 15-wk lactation trial. Plasma concns. of glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, -hydroxybutyrate, and urea-N on samples
collected -21, -14, -7, -1, 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29 d relative to calving were unaffected by treatment. There were no differences
between treatments for actual or fat-cor. milk yields on av. across the 15-wk lactation trial. Milk protein content was 0.15% units
less for EO than C. Feed efficiency (kg of milk per kg of DMI) tended to be greater for EO than C on av. and was greater during
wk 8 to 14 of lactation. Prepartum and lactation body wt. and condition score measurements were unaffected by treatment. There
was no benefit to EO in prepartum dairy cows. Dietary supplementation with EO reduced DMI in early lactation dairy cows with no
effect on milk yield.
Answer 413:
Antibacterial effect of plant-derived antimicrobials on major bacterial mastitis pathogens in vitro. Baskaran, S. Ananda;
Kazmer, G. W.; Hinckley, L.; Andrew, S. M.; Venkitanarayanan, K. Department of Animal Science, Unit-4040, University of
Connecticut, Storrs, USA. Journal of Dairy Science (2009), 92(4), 1423-1429. Publisher: American Dairy Science
Association, CODEN: JDSCAE ISSN: 0022-0302. Journal written in English. CAN 150:558750 AN 2009:392541 CAPLUS
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of plant-derived antimicrobials including
trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), eugenol, carvacrol, and thymol on major bacterial mastitis pathogens in milk. The min. inhibitory
concn. (MIC) and min. bactericidal concn. (MBC) of the aforementioned compds. on Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus
dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli were detd. In addn., the bactericidal kinetics of
TC on the aforementioned pathogens and the persistence of the antimicrobial activity of TC in milk over a period of 2 wk were
investigated. All 4 plant-derived mols. exhibited antimicrobial activity against the 5 mastitis pathogens tested, but TC was most
effective in killing the bacteria. The MIC and MBC of TC on Staph. aureus, E. coli, and Strep. uberis were 0.1 and 0.45%, resp.,
whereas that on Strep. agalactiae and Strep. dysgalactiae were 0.05 and 0.4%, resp. The MIC and MBC of the other 3 mols.
ranged from 0.4 to 0.8% and 0.8 to 1.5%, resp. In time-kill assays, TC at the MBC reduced the bacterial pathogens in milk by 4.0
to 5.0 log10 cfu/mL and to undetectable levels within 12 and 24 h, resp. The antimicrobial effect of TC persisted for the duration
of the expt. (14 d) without any loss of activity. Results of this study suggest that TC has the potential to be evaluated as an
alternative or adjunct to antibiotics as intramammary infusion to treat bovine mastitis.
Answer 414:
A PRp27 gene of Nicotiana benthamiana contributes to resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci but not to
Colletotrichum destructivum or Colletotrichum orbiculare. Xie, Weilong; Goodwin, Paul H. Department of Environmental
Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Can. Functional Plant Biology (2009), 36(4), 351-361. Publisher: CSIRO
Publishing, CODEN: FPBUCP ISSN: 1445-4408. Journal written in English. CAN 152:282625 AN 2009:382449 CAPLUS
Abstract
NbPRp27 from Nicotiana benthamiana Domin. is highly similar to NtPRp27, which is a secreted protein from Nicotiana tabacum L.
belonging to pathogen-inducible genes comprising the PR17 family of pathogenesis-related proteins. A collection of related genes
from plants in several plant families showed that their deduced amino acid sequences clustered according to plant family.
Expression of NbPRp27 was not detectable in healthy leaves or stems but was expressed at high levels in roots. Expression was
induced by wounding, BTH, ethylene, Me jasmonate, ABA and NAA, but not by drought, heat or cold stress. Expression was
induced by infection with the hemibiotrophic pathogens, Colletotrichum destructivum, Colletotrichum orbiculare and Pseudomonas
syringae pv. tabaci. For infections with the Colletotrichum species, expression increased more slowly during biotrophy than
necrotrophy, but the reverse was true for P. syringae pv. tabaci. Virus-induced silencing of NbPRp27 did not affect the lesion no.
produced by the Colletotrichum species but did reduce basal resistance to P. syringae pv. tabaci permitting higher bacterial
populations. Based on sequence similarities, PRp27 proteins have been hypothesised to have protease activity and may
contribute to resistance by exhibiting direct antimicrobial activity in the apoplast, releasing of antimicrobial compds. from the plant
matrix or releasing elicitors from pathogens to induce resistance.
Answer 415:
Quorum sensing inhibitory and antimicrobial activities of honeys and the relationship with individual phenolics.
Truchado, P.; Lopez-Galvez, F.; Gil, M. I.; Tomas-Barberan, F. A.; Allende, A. Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Research
Group on Quality, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain. Food Chemistry (2009), 115(4), 1337-1344. Publisher: Elsevier B.V.,
CODEN: FOCHDJ ISSN: 0308-8146. Journal written in English. CAN 151:357013 AN 2009:372135 CAPLUS (Copyright
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) inhibitory activity of 29 unifloral honeys was evaluated using the bacterial model Cromobacterium
violaceum. The tested honeys were able to inhibit the prodn. of acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) produced by C. violaceum at 0.1
g/mL. However, chestnut and linden honey samples showed the highest inhibitory activity, while orange and rosemary were less
effective in inhibiting QS. When honey samples from the same floral origin obtained from different geog. regions were compared,
they showed similar QS inhibitory activity. Thus, one of the factors which influence the inhibitory activity could be derived from
the floral origin, independently of the geog. location. It was obsd. that unifloral honey samples showed "non-peroxide" anti-QS
activity, which was not linearly correlated with total and individual phenolic compds. The obtained results showed that the
preservative properties of honey could be due to both the antimicrobial properties and the QS inhibitory capacity.
Answer 416:
Bacillus subtilis KKG-1 strain, and antimicrobial agent and pesticide containing this strain. Lee, Gwi Jae. (Chonbuk
National University, Industrial Cooperation Foundation, S. Korea). Repub. Korea (2009), 11pp. CODEN: KRXXFC KR
890013 B1 20090324 Patent written in Korean. Application: KR 2007-105637 20071019. Priority: KR 2007-105637

KR 890013 B1 20090324 KR 2007-105637 20071019
KR 2007-105637 20071019
Abstract
The title Bacillus subtilis KKG-1 (KCTC11124BP) strain has antimicrobial activity on Phytophthora capsici, and can promote plant
growth by expressing ACCD (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase) gene. The inventive Bacillus subtilis KKG-1 strain
with pesticide resistance can decomp. org. matter and pesticide, and can be used in environment-friendly and multifunctional
pesticides.
Answer 417:
In vitro assay on physiological activities of flower and leaf extracts of red lotus. Heo, Buk Gu; Park, Yong Seo; Hou,
Won Noung; Im, Myung Hee; Park, Yun Jum; Kim, Hyun Ju; Sin, Jang Sik; Cho, Ja Yong. Naju Foundation of Natural Dyeing
Culture, Naju, S. Korea. Weon'ye Gwahag Gi'sulji (2008), 26(3), 331-337. Publisher: Korean Society for Horticultural Science,
CODEN: WGGEAM ISSN: 1226-8763. Journal written in Korean. CAN 151:3930 AN 2009:370007 CAPLUS (Copyright (C)
Abstract
This study was conducted to det. physiol. activities of flower and leaf exts. of red lotus (Nelumbo nucifera). Flowers and leaves
of red lotus grown at a field in Donggang-Myun, Naju-City, Jeonnam, was harvested on August 14, 2007. The flower and leaf
samples were extd. with either hot water or ethanol, and were examd. for their physiol. activities. Content of total phenolics was
the greatest (92.2 mg/L-1) in the ethanol ext. of red lotus leaves. The ,-diphenyl--picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging
activity of ethanol exts. of flowers and leaves at 500 mg/L-1 was 94.1% and 83.5%, resp. However, the activity of hot-water
exts. of flowers and leaves was 30.2% and 18.5%, resp., showing higher activity in the ethanol than hot-water exts. Contents of
total flavonoid in the ethanol exts. of leaves and flowers were 90.2 mg/L-1 and 46.2 mg/L-1, resp. Nitrite scavenging activity (%
of the control) of the ethanol exts. at 500 mg/L-1 from flowers and leaves was 80.7% and 49.7%, resp. Difference in mushroom
tyrosinase inhibition activity (% of the control) of flower and leaf exts. between two extn. methods was not significantly different.
Leaf and flower exts. of red lotus at 500 mg/L-1 showed highly significant anti-microbial activity against six gram pos. and three
gram neg. microbial strains, regardless of plant parts and extn. methods used.
Answer 418:
Synthesis, spectroscopic, thermal, and biological activities on solvatochromic mixed ligand copper(II) complexes.
Abu-Hussen, Azza A. A.; Linert, Wolfgang. Chemistry Department, Women Faculty for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams
University, Cairo, Egypt. Journal of Coordination Chemistry (2009), 62(9), 1388-1399. Publisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd.,
CODEN: JCCMBQ ISSN: 0095-8972. Journal written in English. CAN 150:554182 AN 2009:362634 CAPLUS (Copyright
Abstract
Solvatochromic Cu(II) mixed ligand complexes of 3-acetylcoumarin (3-ACoum) and diamine/diimine bases (L), [Cu(3-ACoum)(L)]X2,
where L = N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (tmen), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) and X = ClO4, BF4,
NO3, were synthesized and characterized by elemental anal., IR, UV-visible, ESR spectra, magnetic susceptibility, and cond.
measurements. The d-d absorption bands of tmen-complexes in weak donor solvents show the formation of square planar or
square pyramidal geometries, while strong donor solvents yield octahedral complexes. The obsd. solvatochromism is mainly due
to the solute-solvent interaction between the chelate cation and the solvent mols., and the spectra displayed the possibility of
using these complexes as Lewis base indicators. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA)/DTA as well as the kinetic parameters
(H.thermod., S.thermod., and G.thermod., (no data)) of thermal decompn. stages of nitrate complexes were calcd. Also, the
antimicrobial activity of the ligand and its complexes as inhibiting agents were screened in vitro against two kinds of pathogenic
bacteria and plant pathogenic fungi.
Answer 419:
Antimicrobial phytotherapeutic product and process for preparing the same. Colceru-Mihul, Svetlana-Gabriel; Tanas, e
Doina; Nita, Sultana; Bazdoaca, Cristina; Radu, Alina Aurelia; Panteli, Irina Minerva; Mocanu, Raluca; Armatu, Alice. (Institutul
National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare Chimico-Farmaceutica-ICCF, Rom.). Rom. (2009), 3pp. CODEN: RUXXA3 RO 122182
B1 20090227 Patent written in Romanian. Application: RO 2004-1102 20041209. Priority: RO 2004-1102 20041209. CAN

RO 122182 B1 20090227 RO 2004-1102 20041209
RO 2004-1102 20041209
Abstract
The invention relates to an antimicrobial phytotherapeutic product contg. 4.927-6.022% dry substance, 0.051-0.062% flavones
expressed as rutoside and 12.746-15.579% alc., as a brown oral soln. having a d. d20.cxa. 20 of 0.950-1.009 and a pH 5.35-5.55
and to the process for prepg. the same, consisting in extg. the active principles from the dried and ground plant material of Mori
radix, with a 70% hydroalcoholic solvent, in a plant material/solvent ratio of 1/15 m/v, at the boiling temp. of the mixt., with solvent
reflux, for 2 h, while stirring, the extractive soln. being then concd. up to a plant material/concd. soln. ratio of 1/2 m/v, left to settle
for 48 h at a temp. of 6-8, further on the insol. substances being removed by filtration and the vol. being completed with Et alc.
of 20% vol./vol., up to a plant material/phytotherapeutic product ratio of 1/2 m/v.
Answer 420:
Triterpenoids with antimicrobial activity from Drypetes inaequalis. Awanchiri, Simon Suh; Trinh-Van-Dufat, Hanh; Shirri,
Jovita Chi; Dongfack, Marlise Diane J.; Nguenang, Guy Merlin; Boutefnouchet, Sabrina; Fomum, Zacharias T.; Seguin, Elisabeth;
Verite, Philippe; Tillequin, Francois; Wandji, Jean. Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of
Yaounde-1, Yaounde, Cameroon. Phytochemistry (Elsevier) (2009), 70(3), 419-423. Publisher: Elsevier Ltd., CODEN:
PYTCAS ISSN: 0031-9422. Journal written in English. CAN 150:441641 AN 2009:350011 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011
Abstract
The air-dried stems and ripe fruit of Drypetes inaequalis Hutch. (Euphorbiaceae) were studied. Four triterpene derivs.,
characterized as lup-20(29)-en-3,6-diol, 3-acetoxylup-20(29)-en-6-ol, 3-caffeoyloxylup-20(29)-en-6-ol and
28--glucopyranosyl-30-Me 3-hydroxyolean-12-en-28,30-dioate along with 10 known compds. were isolated from the whole stems.
One triterpene, characterized as 3-hydroxyfriedelan-25-al along with six known compds. were isolated from the ripe fruit. Their
structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic anal. and chem. evidence. The triterpenes were tested for antimicrobial
activity against some Gram-pos. and Gram-neg. bacteria, and two of them appeared to be modestly active.
Answer 421:
Lead optimization and anti-plant pathogenic fungi activities of daphneolone analogues from Stellera chamaejasme L.
Jin, Hong; Geng, Yucong; Yu, Zhiyi; Tao, Ke; Hou, Taiping. Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of
Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, Peop. Rep. China. Pesticide Biochemistry and
Physiology (2009), 93(3), 133-137. Publisher: Elsevier B.V., CODEN: PCBPBS ISSN: 0048-3575. Journal written in English.
Abstract
In order to find the biorational pesticides, we have synthesized two series of daphneolone analogs including 5-methylfuryl
chalcones and 5-nitrofuryl chalcones by optimizing daphneolone analogs from Stellera chamaejasme L. with the good insecticidal
properties of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. All the synthesized compds. have been evaluated for anti-plant pathogenic fungi activities.
The bioactivity assay showed that some of these daphneolone analogs were potentially active against plant pathogenic fungi,
Rhizoctonia solani, Gibberella zeae, Bipolaris maydis, Sclerotia sclerotium and Botrytis cinerea, while the most potent
1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)propenone in this study showed good inhibitory activity against R. solani at 200 mg L-1
with ca. 100% inhibition.
Answer 422:
Total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of some medicinal plants. Sengul, Memnune; Yildiz, Hilal;
Gungor, Neva; Cetin, Bulent; Eser, Zeynep; Ercisli, Sezai. Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk
University, Erzurum, Turk. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2009), 22(1), 102-106. Publisher: University of
Karachi, Faculty of Pharmacy, CODEN: PJPSEN ISSN: 1011-601X. Journal written in English. CAN 151:240233 AN
Abstract
Crude exts. from Inula aucherana, Fumaria officinalis, Crocus sativus, Vicum album, Tribulus terestris, Polygonatum multiflorum,
Alkanna tinctoria and Taraxacum officinale were screened for their in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Total phenolic
content of exts. from these plants were also detd. -Carotene bleaching assay and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent were used to det. total
antioxidant activity and total phenols of plant exts. Antimicrobial activity was detd. by using disk diffusion assay. Antioxidant
activity and total phenolic content varied among plants used and Viscum album and Crocus sativus had the highest antioxidant
(82.23%) and total phenolic content (42.29 mgGAE/g DW), resp. The methanol exts. from Vicum album and Alkanna tinctoria
showed antimicrobial activity against 9 out of 32 microorganisms, however ext. from Inula aucherana showed antimicrobial activity
against 15 out of 32 microorganisms. The results provided evidence that the studied plant might indeed be potential sources of
natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.
Answer 423:
Triterpene and flavone glycosides from Anchusa undulata subsp. hybrida. Koz, Omer; Pizza, Cosimo; Kirmizigul, Suheyla.
Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Ege University, Izmir, Turk. Natural Product Research (2009), 23(3), 284-292.
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd., CODEN: NPRAAT ISSN: 1478-6419. Journal written in English. CAN 150:534514 AN
Abstract
A novel triterpene glycoside, undulatoside (I), which is characterized as

3-O-(-D-glucopyranosyl)-29-O-(-D-glucopyranosyl)-2,23-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, was isolated from Anchusa undulata
subsp. hybrida and its structure was deduced by spectral data. In addn. to undulatoside, seven known triterpene glycoside and a
flavonoid glycoside were also isolated for the first time from this plant. The structures have been identified by spectroscopic and
chem. methods. The antimicrobial activities of all exts. of the plant were investigated by disk diffusion method.
HO
O O Me
OH
OH
OH
Me Me H CO 2 H
HO
HO H Me
O O H
Me
OH
OH
OH
OH I
Answer 424:
Antimicrobial activity of Drosophyllum lusitanicum, an endemic mediterranean insectivorous plant. Goncalves, Sandra;
Quintas, Celia; Gaspar, Maria N.; Nogueira, Jose M. F.; Romano, Anabela. Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering,
Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine, University of Algrave, Faro, Port. Natural Product Research (2009), 23(3),
219-229. Publisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd., CODEN: NPRAAT ISSN: 1478-6419. Journal written in English. CAN 150:348204
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Drosophyllum lusitanicum leaf ext. against various yeasts and
bacteria species, including both std. and clin. isolated strains. The ext. exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against all the tested
yeast strains with inhibition zones ranging 23.67-42.23 mm and with min. inhibitory concn. (MIC) values ranging 31-63 g L-1. All
the Gram-pos. bacteria studied were inhibited by the ext., showing inhibition zones ranging 17.67-43.00 mm and MIC values
comprising between 15.6 and 250 g L-1. In contrast, the growth of the tested Gram-neg. bacteria was not significantly affected
by the ext. Among the microorganisms tested, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 was the most sensitive, presenting the
lowest MIC value (15.6 g L-1), while Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 was the most tolerant (250 g L-1). The ext. of D.
lusitanicum was analyzed by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry and the major constituent found was plumbagin.
Answer 425:
Antibacterial activity and phytochemical evidence for the plant origin of Turkish propolis from different regions.
[Erratum to document cited in CA148:421259]. Silici, Sibel; Uenlue, Mehmet; Vardar-Uenlue, Guelhan. Department of
Animal Science, S. Cikrikcioglu Vocational College, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turk. World Journal of Microbiology &
Biotechnology (2009), 25(2), 355. Publisher: Springer, CODEN: WJMBEY ISSN: 0959-3993. Journal written in English. CAN
Abstract
On page 1797, in the abstr. section, in line 11, "The main components of Eucalyptus propolis", was incorrectly given, and should
read: " One of the main components of Eucalyptus propolis". On page 1800, in the left column, in paragraph 3, in line 1, "Our
investigation showed...species resins.", was incorrectly given, and should read: "Our investigation showed that one of the main
components of Eucalyptus propolis were aromatic acids, such as cinnamic acid and its esters (Table 1) that are usually found in
Eucalyptus species resins.". On page 1800, in Table 1, the subheadings in rows 1 and 12, "Fatty and aliphatic acids", and
"Aromatic acids", were incorrectly given, and should read as a single heading for entries 1-17: "Phosphoris and carboxylic acids".
Answer 426:
Antifungal proteins and peptides: Silver bullets for plant disease control? Rajasekaran, K. USDA, ARS, SRRC, New
Orleans, LA, USA. Abstracts of Papers, 237th ACS National Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT, United States, March 22-26, 2009
(2009), AGFD-022. Publisher: American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C CODEN: 69LNK5 Conference; Meeting
Abstract; Computer Optical Disk written in English. AN 2009:300799 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
Fungal and bacterial pathogens assocd. with plant diseases account for the greatest overall losses in crop prodn. Some of these
fungal pathogens also produce mycotoxins compromising food and feed safety. Plants fight invading pathogens through several
dynamic defense mechanisms comprised of low mol. wt. phytoalexins which act as plant antibiotics, hydroxyproline-rich
glycoproteins which confine the infection process to cell walls or by several antifungal/antimicrobial proteins and peptides. These
antimicrobial factors delay the appearance of disease symptoms or, in very rare cases, offer total immunity; however, plant
defense mechanisms involve the activation of a cascade of multiple, coordinated and apparently complementary responses.
Such a complexity of plant host-pathogen interaction is perhaps one of the reasons why no transgenic fungal resistant crops
expressing one or more of these antifungal proteins have been deregulated for com. use in spite of numerous field tests so far.
Some of the recent advances in the use of antifungal proteins and peptides to protect crop plants from pathogens including our
recent work on transgenic crop plants that offer significant resistance to several phytopathogens including mycotoxigenic fungi will
be presented.
Answer 427:
A horizontal gene transfer at the origin of phenylpropanoid metabolism: a key adaptation of plants to land. Emiliani,
Giovanni; Fondi, Marco; Fani, Renato; Gribaldo, Simonetta. Department of Environmental and Forestry Sciences and
Technologies, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. Biology Direct (2009), 4 No pp. given. Publisher: BioMed Central Ltd.,
CODEN: BDIIBV ISSN: 1745-6150. http://www.biology-direct.com/content/pdf/1745-6150-4-7.pdf Journal; Online Computer File
Abstract
Background: The pioneering ancestor of land plants that conquered terrestrial habitats around 500 million years ago had to face
dramatic stresses including UV radiation, desiccation, and microbial attack. This drove a no. of adaptations, among which the
emergence of the phenylpropanoid pathway was crucial, leading to essential compds. such as flavonoids and lignin. However, the
origin of this specific land plant secondary metab. has not been clarified. Results: We have performed an extensive anal. of the
taxonomic distribution and phylogeny of Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL), which catalyzes the first and essential step of the
general phenylpropanoid pathway, leading from phenylalanine to p-Coumaric acid and p-Coumaroyl-CoA, the entry points of the
flavonoids and lignin routes. We obtained robust evidence that the ancestor of land plants acquired a PAL via horizontal gene
transfer (HGT) during symbiosis with soil bacteria and fungi that are known to have established very early during the first steps of
land colonization. This horizontally acquired PAL represented then the basis for further development of the phenylpropanoid
pathway and plant radiation on terrestrial environments. Conclusions: Our results highlight a possible crucial role of HGT from soil
bacteria in the path leading to land colonization by plants and their subsequent evolution. The few functional characterizations of
sediment/soil bacterial PAL (prodn. of secondary metabolites with powerful antimicrobial activity or prodn. of pigments) suggest
that the initial advantage of this horizontally acquired PAL in the ancestor of land plants might have been either defense against an
already developed microbial community and/or protection against UV.
Answer 428:
Cosmetic liquids or gels containing photolysis catalyst-apatite composite particles. Nakamura, Shoichi; Eguchi,
Takehiro. (Nihon ACP K. K., Japan). Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho (2009), 7pp. CODEN: JKXXAF JP 2009046458 A 20090305
Patent written in Japanese. Application: JP 2007-216658 20070823. Priority: JP 2007-216658 20070823. CAN 150:290112

JP 2009046458 A 20090305 JP 2007-216658 20070823
JP 2007-216658 20070823
Abstract
Title cosmetics, which show good cleaning, disinfectant, deodorant, and antiinflammatory effects, optionally contain antimicrobial
action activators, e.g. Na percarbonate, NaHCO3, etc., essential oils of plants selected from lavender, sweet orange, cedar wood,
etc., or and moisturizers, e.g. beeswax, honey, yogurt, egg yolk, etc.
Answer 429:
Anti-oxidant property and tyrosinase inhibition activity of various extracts from plants in Compositae plants. Kang,
Jeong Ran; Lee, Mi Kyung; Kang, Sang Mo. Department of Bioengineering at the Postgraduate School, Konkuk University,
Seoul, S. Korea. Han'guk Eungyong Sangmyong Hwahakhoeji (2008), 51(4), 321-328. Publisher: Korean Society for Applied
Biological Chemistry, CODEN: HESHAE ISSN: 1738-2203. Journal written in Korean. CAN 150:490453 AN 2009:245939
Abstract
The research was conducted to identify the antimicrobial effect, anti-oxidative effect and tyrosinase inhibitory effect of MeOH
80% ext. and n-hexane, chloroform, Et acetate, n-butanol and water fractions from the ext. of six kinds of compositae plants,
which are naturally grown across the nation. In the antimicrobial effect, the ext. and chloroform fraction of Arctium lappa and
hexane/ethyl acetate fractions of Taraxacum platycarpum exhibited significant inhibition. In case of anti-oxidant effect, the ext.
of Artemisia capillaries showed the highest effect and Et acetate/butanol fractions of all plants showed about 90%, which fractions
were more polar than the fractions that showed antimicrobial effect. In case of tyrosinase activity, only the MeOH 80% of
Arctium lappa among the exts. showed a potent inhibition, and butanol fraction of Chrysanthemum indicum, as well as Et
acetate/water fractions of Artemisia capillaries showed 48, 38, and 37% resp., which were higher than control group (arbutin).
These active fractions in tyrosinase inhibition also were higher polarity than those that showed antimicrobial effect. In MeOH 80%
exts., only Arctium lappa was found to have antimicrobial, anti-oxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activity, however there was no
fraction to show effects commonly in the three assay system.
Answer 430:
Antibacterial activity of artificial phenothiazines and isoflavones from plants. Dasgupta, Asish; Dastidar, Sujata G.;
Shirataki, Yoshiaki; Motohashi, Noboru. Division Microbiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University,
Kolkata, India. Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry (2008), 15(Bioactive Heterocycles VI), 67-132. Publisher: Springer GmbH,
CODEN: THCOA6 ISSN: 1861-9282. Journal; General Review written in English. CAN 151:138979 AN 2009:243632
Abstract
A review. Significant antimicrobial action was detected in vitro and in vivo in phenothiazines that are applied to humans as
neuroleptics or antihistamines. Both Gram-pos. and Gram-neg. bacteria were equally sensitive, with the MIC varying between 25
and 100 g/mL with most agents. Some phenothiazines were bactericidal, while others were bacteriostatic in action. Similar
activity could be obsd. in isoflavonones obtained from the plants Sophora spp. Trifluoperazine and methdilazine exhibited
antimycobacterial properties as well, and in exptl. animals the latter showed definite healing properties. Chlorpromazine and
thioridazine were able to eliminate R-plasmids in drug-resistant bacteria. Artificially synthesized Benzo[]phenothiazines could
effectively suppress adenovirus oncogene expression. Phenothiazines have now been shown to inhibit efflux pumps in
multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Answer 431:
Synthetic Inhibitors of the Fungal Detoxifying Enzyme Brassinin Oxidase Based on the Phytoalexin Camalexin Scaffold.
Pedras, M. Soledade C.; Minic, Zoran; Sarma-Mamillapalle, Vijay K. Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan,
Saskatoon, SK, Can. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (2009), 57(6), 2429-2435. Publisher: American Chemical
Society, CODEN: JAFCAU ISSN: 0021-8561. Journal written in English. CAN 150:368645 AN 2009:230511 CAPLUS
Abstract
Brassinin (1) is an essential phytoalexin produced in plants of the family Brassicaceae (common name crucifer) due to its role as a
biosynthetic precursor of other phytoalexins and antimicrobial activity. The dithiocarbamate group of brassinin (1) is the toxophore
responsible for its fairly broad antifungal activity. To the detriment of many agriculturally important crops, several pathogenic
fungi of crucifers are able to overcome brassinin by detoxification. In this work, inhibitors of brassinin oxidase, a phytoalexin
detoxifying enzyme produced by the plant pathogenic fungus Leptosphaeria maculans (asexual stage Phoma lingam), were
synthesized and evaluated. The camalexin scaffold was used for the design of brassinin oxidase inhibitors (i.e., paldoxins,
phytoalexin detoxification inhibitors) because camalexin is a phytoalexin not produced by the Brassica species and L. maculans is
unable to metabolize it. The inhibitory effect of camalexin and derivs. decreased as follows: 5-methoxycamalexin >
5-fluorocamalexin = 6-methoxycamalexin > camalexin > 6-fluorocamalexin; 5-methoxycamalexin was detd. to be the best inhibitor
of brassinin oxidase discovered to date. In addn., the results suggested that camalexin might induce fungal pathways protecting
L. maculans against oxidative stress (induction of superoxide dismutase) as well as brassinin toxicity (induction of brassinin
oxidase). Overall, these results revealed addnl. biol. effects of camalexin and its natural derivs. and emphasized that different
phytoalexins could have pos. or neg. impacts on plant resistance to different fungal pathogens.
Answer 432:
Phycochemistry and bioactivity of Microspora floccosa (Ulvophyceae) from Miani Hor, Pakistan. Aftab, Javed; Shameel,
Mustafa. National Institute of Oceanography, Karachi, Pak. International Journal of Phycology and Phycochemistry (2008),
4(2), 171-178. Publisher: University of Karachi, CODEN: IJPPH8 ISSN: 1815-459X. Journal written in English. CAN
Abstract
A filamentous green alga, Microspora floccosa (Vaucher) Thuret, collected from Miani Hor, Balochistan (Pakistan) during Sept.
2001, was extd. in methanol. Almost 22 fatty acids (FAs) including 11 satd. and 11 unsatd. acids were detected in the ext. by
GC-mass spectrometry. The latter were found in slightly larger proportion (52.56%) than the former (47.39%). The latter acids
included 10 mono- and 1 diunsatd. FAs. Palmitic and decylacrylic acids were found in the largest proportion (12.2% each) and
oleic acid was present in an appreciable amt. (6.08%). Two sterols (Cholesterol and 24-isopropyl-5-cholesten-3-ol), one acyclic
diterpene (trans-phytol) and one cyclic triterpene (cyclopterospermol) were also isolated from the ext. and chem. elucidated by
(EI-, FAB-, FD- & HR-) MS, 1H- & 13C-NMR spectrometric techniques. The ext. showed a strong antimicrobial activity against all
the tested 14 bacterial and 20 fungal species including 7 human pathogens, 8 saprophytes and 5 plant pathogens. Its cytotoxic
activity against Artemia salina larvae was non-significant.
Answer 433:
Antimicrobial activity of five herbal extracts against multi drug resistant (MDR) strains of bacteria and fungus of clinical
origin. Khan, Rosina; Islam, Barira; Akram, Mohd; Shakil, Shazi; Ahmad, Anis; Ali, S. Manazir; Siddiqui, Mashiatullah; Khan,
Asad U. Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. Molecules (2009), 14(2), 586-597.
Publisher: Molecular Diversity Preservation International, CODEN: MOLEFW ISSN: 1420-3049.
Abstract
Antimicrobial activities of the crude ethanolic exts. of five plants were screened against multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of
Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans. ATCC strains of Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus,
Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus bovis, Pseudimonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella
pneumoniae and Candida albicans were also tested. The strains that showed resistance against the max. no. of antibiotics tested
were selected for an antibacterial assay. The MDR strains were sensitive to the antimicrobial activity of Acacia nilotica, Syzygium
aromaticum and Cinnamum zeylanicum, whereas they exhibited strong resistance to the exts. of Terminalia arjuna and Eucalyptus
globulus. Community-acquired infections showed higher sensitivity than the nosocomial infections against these exts. The most
potent antimicrobial plant was A. nilotica (MIC range 9.75-313 g/mL), whereas other crude plant exts. studied in this report were
found to exhibit higher MIC values than A. nilotica against community acquired as well as nosocomial infection. This study
concludes that A. nilotica, C. zeylanicum and S. aromaticum can be used against multidrug resistant microbes causing nosocomial
and community acquired infections.
Answer 434:
Potential of Psidium guajava supplemented fish diets in controlling Aeromonas hydrophila infection in tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus). Pachanawan, Adithepchaikarn; Phumkhachorn, Parichat; Rattanachaikunsopon, Pongsak.
Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. Journal of
Bioscience and Bioengineering (2008), 106(5), 419-424. Publisher: Society for Biotechnology, Japan, CODEN: JBBIF6 ISSN:
(R))
Abstract
Fourteen herbs were extd. in water, 95% ethanol, and ether, and tested in vitro for antimicrobial activities against Aeromonas
hydrophila, a fish pathogen causing motile Aeromonas septicemia. Using swab paper disk assays and minimal inhibitory concn.
(MIC) detns., we noted that the ethanol ext. of Psidium guajava leaf exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity. The ext. allowed
growth-inhibited A. hydrophila cells to regrow in fresh BHI broth indicating a bacteriostatic mode of action. In a pathogenicity test,
the median LD (LD50) of A. hydrophila for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by i.p. injection was 3.44  106 CFU/mL. In vivo expts.
showed that fish diets contg. either dry leaf powder of P. guajava or dried ethanol ext. of P. guajava leaf reduced mortality of A.
hydrophila infected tilapia with no detected adverse effect on the fish. This study suggests that P. guajava leaf has the potential
to control fish diseases caused by A. hydrophila.
Answer 435:
Antimicrobially active isoquinoline alkaloids from Litsea cubeba. Feng, Tao; Xu, Yan; Cai, Xiang-Hai; Du, Zhi-Zhi; Luo,
Xiao-Dong. State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Peop. Rep. China. Planta Medica (2009), 75(1), 76-79. Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag,
CODEN: PLMEAA ISSN: 0032-0943. Journal written in English. CAN 151:240205 AN 2009:188439 CAPLUS (Copyright
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the alkaloidal ext. of the aerial part of Litsea cubeba led to the isolation of two new isoquinoline
alkaloids, (+)-N-(methoxycarbonyl)-N-norboldine (1) and (+)-isoboldine -N-oxide (2), together with 11 known analogs (3-13). Their
structures were established by extensive spectroscopic techniques and by comparing spectroscopic data with those in the
literature. Compds. 1 and 4 showed antimicrobial activities. This is the first report on the presence of compds. 1, 2, 6, 8, 9, 11,
and 12 in this plant and on the antimicrobial activities of 1 and 4. The bioactivities of isoquinoline alkaloids are also at least partly
responsible for the pharmacol. function of the folk medicinal plant Litsea cubeba.
Answer 436:
Antibacterial and antifungal activities of Myracrodruon urundeuva heartwood. Sa, Roberto A.; Gomes, Francis S.;
Napoleao, Thiago H.; Santos, Nataly D. L.; Melo, Carla M. L.; Gusmao, Norma B.; Coelho, Luana C. B. B.; Paiva, Patricia M. G.;
Bieber, Lothar W. Departamento de Quimica Fundamental, CCEN, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
Wood Science and Technology (2009), 43(1-2), 85-95. Publisher: Springer, CODEN: WOSTBE ISSN: 0043-7719. Journal
Abstract
The aim of this work was to isolate a lectin from Myracrodruon urundeuva heartwood and to evaluate its antimicrobial activity
against bacteria and fungi that attack plants, including woods. The lectin was isolated from heartwood through affinity chromatog.
on a chitin column monitored by hemagglutination assay. The lectin inhibited Gram-neg. and Gram-pos. bacteria and was more
effective than antifungal cercobin in growth inhibition of phytopathogenic fungi. The detected antimicrobial activity reveals the
possible role of the lectin in the resistance of M. urundeuva heartwood against deteriorative biol. agents. The M. urundeuva lectin
is the first bioactive peptide found in heartwood, probably stored as a chem. protection against biodegrdn.
Answer 437:
Method for manufacturing unrefined rice wine. Jeon, Wi Jong. (GE Waters Co., Ltd., S. Korea). Repub. Korean Kongkae

KR 2009011874 A 20090202 KR 2007-75889 20070727
KR 2007-75889 20070727
Abstract
A unrefined rice wine manufg. method comprises: (1) artificially culturing koji seeds in cooked starchy materials to manuf. koji, (2)
saccharifying the starchy materials by using the koji, and adding yeast to ferment the starchy materials to manuf. crude liquor, (3)
adding water and the koji into the crude liquor, stirring, and conserving, (4) adding cooked polished rice and water, stirring, and
conserving, (5) fermenting and aging, and (6) filtering with a fine sieve to sep. dregs to manuf. the unrefined rice wine. In step 4,
the cooked polished rice is obtained through adding milk 2-4 wt.% into polished rice 96-98 wt.% and cooking. This method further
comprises adding Me sulfonyl methane 0.01 wt.% into the obtained unrefined rice wine, and aging for 3 days. Milk and Me sulfonyl
methane (extd. from plants and having antimicrobial activity) are added to the unrefined rice wine, so that the unrefined rice wine
has good taste, and deterioration of the unrefined rice wine is prevented so that the circulation time of the unrefined rice wine is
prolonged.
Answer 438:
Skin and surface disinfectant compositions with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity containing plant essential oils
and fruit acids. Modak, Shanta; Baiju, Nayana; Caraos, Lauserpina. (Columbia University in the City of New York, USA).
U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. (2009), 20 pp. CODEN: USXXCO US 20090035228 A1 20090205 Patent written in English.
Application: US 2008-16788 20080118. Priority: US 2007-953654P 20070802; US 2007-945288P 20070620; US 2008-16788
20080118; US 2008-134918 20080606; WO 2008-US72006 20080801. CAN 150:199389 AN 2009:144923 CAPLUS

US 20090035228 A1 20090205 US 2008-16788 20080118
US 20090004122 A1 20090101 US 2008-134918 20080606

WO 2008157847 A1 20081224 WO 2008-US72006 20080801
W: AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CN, CO, CR, CU,
CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN,
IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN,
MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK,
SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW
RW: AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, MC, MT,
NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, SE, SI, SK, TR, BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW, ML, MR, NE, SN,
TD, TG, BW, GH, GM, KE, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, ZW, AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ,
MD, RU, TJ, TM
EP 2207539 A1 20100721 EP 2008-797057 20080801
R: AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LI, LT, LU, LV, MC,
MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, SE, SI, SK, TR, AL, BA, MK, RS
US 2007-953654P P 20070802
US 2007-945288P P 20070620
US 2008-16788 A2 20080118
US 2008-134918 A 20080606
WO 2008-US72006 W 20080801
Abstract
The present invention relates to a skin or surface disinfectant compn. with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity comprising one or
more essential oil (and/or one or more component thereof) and one or more fruit acid. The compns. of the invention may be used
as non-toxic alternatives to conventional disinfectants or may be added to other antimicrobial agents to enhance their activity.
The invention provides effective alternatives to harsher products which may be particularly useful in personal care and household
products and where children and/or pet exposure may be a concern.
Answer 439:
Antimicrobial activity of some water plants from the northeastern Anatolian region of Turkey. Ozbay, Hanife; Alim,
Ahmet. Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Kafkas University, Kars, Turk. Molecules (2009), 14(1), 321-328.
Publisher: Molecular Diversity Preservation International, CODEN: MOLEFW ISSN: 1420-3049.
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of methanol and acetone exts. of Butomus umbellatus, Polygonum amphibium, and two species of the
genus Sparganium (S. erectum and S. emersum) against three Gram-pos., five Gram-neg. bacteria and one fungus was assessed
by the disk diffusion method. The microorganisms used were Staphylococcus aureus ATCC-29740, Escherichia coli ATCC-25922,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC-15442, Salmonella typhi NCTC-9394, Klebsiella pneumoniae NCTC-5046, Proteus vulgaris
ATCC-7829, Bacillus subtilis ATCC-6633, Corynebacterium diphteriae RSHM-633 and Candida albicans ATCC-10231. Methanol
exts. of the plants did not exhibit any inhibitory activity against any of the microorganisms, while the acetone exts. of the all
tested plants only showed significant activity against Bacillus subtilis, with inhibition zones and minimal inhibitory concn. values in
the 7-16 mm and 0.49-12.50 mg/mL ranges, resp.
Answer 440:
Antimicrobial activity of plant essential oils using food model media: Efficacy, synergistic potential and interactions with
food components. Gutierrez, J.; Barry-Ryan, C.; Bourke, P. School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Dublin
Institute of Technology, Dublin 1, Ire. Food Microbiology (2009), 26(2), 142-150. Publisher: Elsevier Ltd., CODEN: FOMIE5
SciFinder (R))
Abstract
The aim of this study was to optimize the antimicrobial efficacy of plant essential oils (EOs) for control of Listeria spp. and
spoilage bacteria using food model media based on lettuce, meat and milk. The EOs evaluated were lemon balm, marjoram,
oregano and thyme and their min. inhibitory concns. (MIC) were detd. against Enterobacter spp., Listeria spp., Lactobacillus spp.,
and Pseudomonas spp. using the agar diln. method and/or the absorbance based microplate assay. MICs were significantly lower
in lettuce and beef media than in TSB. Listeria strains were more sensitive than spoilage bacteria, and oregano and thyme were
the most active EOs. EO combinations were investigated using the checkerboard method and Oregano combined with thyme had
additive effects against spoilage organisms. Combining lemon balm with thyme yielded additive activity against Listeria strains.
The effect of simple sugars and pH on antimicrobial efficacy of oregano and thyme was assessed in a beef ext. and tomato
serum model media. EOs retained greater efficacy at pH 5 and 2.32% sugar, but sugar concns. above 5% did not neg. impact EO
efficacy. In addn. to proven antimicrobial efficacy, careful selection and investigation of EOs appropriate to the sensory profile
of foods and compn. of the food system is required. This work shows that EOs might be more effective against food-borne
pathogens and spoilage bacteria when applied to foods contg. a high protein level at acidic pH, as well as moderate levels of
simple sugars.
Answer 441:
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 1-benzhydryl-sulfonyl-4-(3-(piperidin-4-yl) propyl)piperidine derivatives against

pathogens of Lycopersicon esculentum: A structure-activity evaluation study. Vinaya, K.; Kavitha, R.; Ananda Kumar, C.
S.; Benaka Prasad, S. B.; Chandrappa, S.; Deepak, S. A.; Swamy, S. Nanjunda; Umesha, S.; Rangappa, K. S. Department of
Applied Botany & Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, India. Archives of Pharmacal Research
(2009), 32(1), 33-41. Publisher: Pharmaceutical Society of Korea, CODEN: APHRDQ ISSN: 0253-6269. Journal written in
Abstract
Several 1-benzhydryl-sulfonyl-4-(3-(piperidin-4-yl)propyl)piperidine derivs., e.g., I, were prepd. by the treatment of substituted

benzhydryl chlorides with 4-(3-(piperidin-4-yl)propyl)piperidine followed by N-sulfonation with sulfonyl chlorides in the presence of
dry methylene dichloride and tri-Et amine. The synthesized compds. were characterized by 1H-NMR, IR, and elemental anal. All
the synthesized compds. were evaluated in vitro for their efficacy as antimicrobial agents by artificial inoculation technique against
std. strains of two important bacterial viz., Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria and Ralstonia solanacearum as well as and
two fungal pathogens namely Alternaria solani and Fusarium solani of tomato plants. The structure-activity relation studies have
been briefly investigated and reveal that the nature of substitutions on benzhydryl ring and sulfonamide ring influences the
antibacterial activity. Among the synthesized new compds. some showed significant potent antimicrobial activities compared to
the std. drugs Chloramphenicol, Mancozeb.
NO 2
O
N N S
Answer 442:
Marshalling the troops: intracellular dynamics in plant pathogen defense. Palma, Kristoffer; Wiermer, Marcel; Li, Xin.
Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Can. Annual Plant Reviews (2009),
34(Molecular Aspects of Plant Disease Resistance), 177-219. Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell, CODEN: APLRFE ISSN: 1460-1494.
Journal; General Review written in English. CAN 151:167761 AN 2009:95176 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on
SciFinder (R))
Abstract
A review. Plants have evolved sophisticated defense systems against pathogen infection. Initiation of induced defense signaling
involves recognition of invading pathogens at the plant cell surface, followed by rapid transcriptional reprogramming and focused
transport and delivery of antimicrobial products to the site of infection. This review chapter summarizes recent findings of the
importance of intracellular dynamics in the plants defense against microbial pathogens. We first discuss events at the cell wall
and apoplast, the "front line" of defense against the invader. It is clear that some defense peptides and mols. secreted by the
plant cell host have antimicrobial activity - until recently relatively little was known about the regulation and coordination of directed
accumulation to sites of attempted pathogen attack. Mol. genetic studies on the breakdown of resistance to nonadapted fungi
have highlighted the role of proteins involved in exocytic vesicle fusion and their possible regulation by transmembrane MLO
proteins. Another key process in perception and defense at the cell periphery in eukaryotes is ligand-stimulated endocytosis of
receptors for microbial proteins; an example in plants is the flagellin receptor FLS2. The second part of this chapter focuses on
the role of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking across the nuclear pore complex in plant innate immunity. Current work highlights the
dynamic regulation of defense proteins and the role of specific components of the nuclear pore complex and the nuclear import
and export machinery in response to pathogens. The unexpected recent discovery of NB-LRR immune receptors from different
species in the nucleus points to a condensed and rapid pathway of communication between the site of perception and activation of
defense genes. While the details on spatial and temporal control of these dynamic intracellular processes remain to be elucidated,
it is currently an area of intense research.
Answer 443:
Antimicrobial activity of the symbiotic bacteria of entomopathgenic nematode against plant pathogens. Ma, Lili; Xu,
Yanli; Tai, Lianmei. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agriculture Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, Peop.
Rep. China. Zhiwu Baohu (2007), 33(4), 7-11. Publisher: Zhiwu Baohu Bianji Weiyuanhui, CODEN: ZBHABE ISSN:
0529-1542. Journal; General Review written in Chinese. CAN 150:509630 AN 2009:87707 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011
Abstract
A review. A variety of secondary metabolites can be produced by the symbiotic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematode, such as
antibacterial complex, insecticidal proteins and exo-enzymes, and so on. The prodn. of antibiotics is common to symbiotic
bacteria, and the metabolites of the symbiotic bacteria exhibit a broad spectrum of activity against a range of plant pathogenic
fungi and bacteria, esp. to Phytophthora genus. New antibiotics can be found through purifn. and identify the active components
of the symbiotic bacteria which have a strong antimicrobial activity against the plant pathogens. This article introduced the
evolvement against the plant pathogens, the kinds, nosogenesis and producing conditions of the active antimicrobial substances
produced by the symbionts of the entomopathogenic nematode.
Answer 444:
Antimicrobial peptide KCM21 against phytopathogenic bacteria. Moon, Eun Pyo; Choi, Jae Hyeok. (Ajou University,
Industry-Academy Cooperation Foundation, S. Korea). Repub. Korea (2009), 15pp. CODEN: KRXXFC KR 879220 B1
20090119 Patent written in Korean. Application: KR 2007-114761 20071112. Priority: KR 2007-114761 20071112. CAN

KR 879220 B1 20090119 KR 2007-114761 20071112
KR 2007-114761 20071112
Abstract
The title antimicrobial peptide KCM21 has an amino acid sequence listed as sequence No. 1, and is capable of controlling
phytopathogenic bacteria, including Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, DC3000 (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato
DC3000), Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria 833, Xanthomonas
campestris pv. vesicatoria 833 pila, Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum, Acidovorax konjaci, Xanthomonas
albilineans, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae 90, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae 599, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae 710 and
Janibacter melonis. Besides, the invention also relates to an antimicrobial compn. contg. the peptide as active component, and a
method for inhibiting or killing the phytopathogenic bacteria through applying an effective amt. of the antimicrobial peptide to
plants.
Answer 445:
Physiological activity of ethanol extract from the different plant parts of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.). Park,
Yong Seo; Park, Yun Jum; Kim, Hyun Ju; Im, Myung-Hee; Lee, Mi-Kyung; Kim, Young Min; Cho, Ja Yong; Heo, Buk Gu.
Division of Biotechnology and Resources, Mokpo National University, Muan, S. Korea. Weon'ye Gwahag Gi'sulji (2008),
26(1), 75-80. Publisher: Korean Society for Horticultural Science, CODEN: WGGEAM ISSN: 1226-8763. Journal written in
Korean. CAN 150:393496 AN 2009:64223 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract
This study was conducted to promote the consumption and to improve the values of the loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl., cv.
"Jeonjung"). We also harvested loquat grown in Wando-gun, Jeonnam Province, on June 10, 2007, and examd. its physiol.
activities with the ethanol exts. from different plant parts. Total phenol content was high in the order of leaves (60.6 g/mL-1),
seeds (22.9 g/mL-1) and fruits (19.4 g/mL-1). When the concn. of exts. was 500 mg/mL-1, leaves showed highest DPPH
(,-diphenyl--picryl-hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity (91.8%) and followed by seeds (25.0%) and fruits (14.2%). And nitrite
scavenging activity was high in the order of leaves (73.0%), fruits (66.9%) and seeds (64.9%). Fruit exts. showed highest
mushroom tyrosinase inhibition activity, esp. the activity at 4000 mg/mL-1 exts. was 33.3%. The highest anti-microbial activity
exhibited in the leaf exts., esp. showing the largest inhibition diam. (12.14 mm) against Streptococcus mutans at 500 mg/mL-1
exts.
Answer 446:
Comparative evaluation of methods commonly used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility to plant extracts and
phenolic compounds. King, Thea; Dykes, Gary; Kristianti, Ruth. Food Science Australia, QLD, Australia. Journal of
AOAC International (2008), 91(6), 1423-1429. Publisher: AOAC International, CODEN: JAINEE ISSN: 1060-3271. Journal
Abstract
A comparison was made to evaluate the ability of the most commonly used qual. agar diffusion methods and a quant. broth diln.
assay to det. the antimicrobial activity of a plant ext. and a variety of phenolic compds. A disk and well diffusion technique and a
microtiter broth microdilution (MBM) assay were used as antimicrobial susceptibility tests of a plant ext. and several phenolic
compds. against 7 bacterial species. In both the well and disk diffusion assays, the level of reproducibility was poor and a linear
or logarithmic relationship did not exist between inhibition zone size and the concn. of the agents. The MBM method produced the
most consistent results and allowed the detn. of the relative sensitivities of each species and the relative antimicrobial activities of
each agent. This study demonstrated that when a diffusion method is used, multiple concns. of the agent must be assayed to
ensure that a relationship exists between the concn. of the agent and inhibition zone size. When a relationship does not exist,
antimicrobial activity should be detd. by a quant. diln. technique.
Answer 447:
Liverworts-potential source of medicinal compounds. Asakawa, Y. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima

Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan. Current Pharmaceutical Design (2008), 14(29), 3067-3088. Publisher:
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., CODEN: CPDEFP ISSN: 1381-6128. Journal; General Review written in English. CAN
Abstract
A review. The bryophytes contain the Marchantiophyta (liverworts), Bryophyta (mosses) and Anthocerotophyta (hornworts) among
which the Marchantiophyta contain cellular oil body and they produce a no. of terpenoids, arom. compds. and acetogenins, several
of which show interesting biol. activity such as allergenic contact dermatitis, insecticide, insect antifeedant, cytotoxic, piscicidal,
muscle relaxing, plant growth regulatory, anti-HIV, DNA polymerase  inhibitory, anti-obesity, neurotrophic, NO prodn. inhibitory,
antimicrobial and antifungal activities. The isolation and chem. structures of biol. active compds. and their total synthesis are
reviewed.
Answer 448:
New routes for the synthesis of 5-Nitro-2-aryl-1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities.
Pathak, Vijai N.; Jain, Meenakshi; Tiwari, Anjali; Rupadevi, S. Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry,
University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India. International Journal of Pure & Applied Chemistry (2007), 2(2), 245-253. Publisher:
Global Research Publications, CODEN: IJPADR ISSN: 0973-3876. Journal written in English. CAN 151:198176 AN
Abstract
A method for the synthesis of the title compds. is reported. A solvent free synthesis of

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Phytochem. investigation of the leaves of C. petersiana afforded two new compds. (4

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A reaction of phthalic anhydride with 4,6-diphenyl-2-pyrimidinamine provided 2-[[(4,6-diphenyl-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]benzoic

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2010:613561 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))

Synthesis, spectroscopy, semiempirical, phytotoxicity, antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxicity of diorganotin(IV)

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Purification, crystal structure and antimicrobial activity of phenazine-1-carboxamide produced by a growth-promoting

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Crystal structure and theoretical calculation of N-phenyl-N'-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-1,2,3-benzodthiadiazole-7-carboxamidine

A novel potential plant bactericidal regulator N-phenyl-N'-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-1,2,3-benzodthiadiazole-7-carboxamidine was designed,

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