TYPES OF

PRODUCTION
PROCESS
 Types of
production

Intermittent
Continues
production
production

Job
Project Batch Mass and Process
production
production production flow production production
 Intermittent Production

– Production system is
flexible
– Design of the product
can be change time to
time
– We can adjust
production system
according to the order
Characteristics of Intermittent Production
General purpose
machines and equipment
are used
Variety of the product can
be produce
Production is not
continious
Process layout is adopted
Volume of production is
small
Production is as per the
customer order
 Project Production
Single assignment job is there
Complex in nature
This system is for specific time
period
Specific expenditure is there
All the operations are carried
out in a fixed position layout
Examples are: - ships,
locomotives air crafts, roads,
building, spacecrafts.
Characteristics of Project Production

Short life cycle

Fixed position layout
Involvement of
different agencies
 Job Production
Production is done for
the small no. of product
at a time
Product is made on the
specific order
Products are produce in
a small quantity and as
per the customer
requirement
Examples are: - Repair
shops, tailor shops hair
dressers
Advantages of Job Production
Flexible
High profits margins
General purposes
machines are used
It meets the individual
requirement
Negligible chances of
loss
Production can be
started easily
Requires less money for
production
 Disadvantages of Job
Production
Little scope for
improvement in
production
Requires high trained
and skilled man power
Need large investment
for the raw material
 Batch Production
Production is done for the
no. of identical items
Most of items are
repeated with time
intervals
Also known as Quality
production
This type of production is
adopted by the medium
size factories
 Batch Production
Production is done to meet
specific demand
Break down of the machine do
not affect the production as
other machines can be used.
Operations or the production
can be shifted to the other
machines.
Examples are: - Paint
Industries, pharmaceuticals,
ready made garments and
chemical industries, bakeries,
education.
Advantages of Batch Production
Use of general purpose
machines
Easy scheduling
Requires less skilled
labor in comparison to
job production
Scope of improvement
Production rate is high
Requires less capital
 Disadvantages of Batch
Production
Difficulty in the
selection of the batch
size.
Cost of sales and cost
of distribution is more
Poor work
Organizational
Difficulty
Requires highly skilled
labor
Cost of sales and the
cost of advertisement
are as compare to mass
production.
Continious Production
In this type of production the
large no. of identical items
are produce and is known as
continious production
system.
In this the production is
carried out throughout the
day.
Plant facilities are fully
engaged
Sequencing of operations is
there.
It is associated with large
quantity production and with
a high rate of demand.
 Characteristics of Continious
Production
Machines and
equipments are
arranged acc. to
produce layout pattern.
Special purpose
automated machines
are used to perform the
operations.
The volume of output is
generally large.
Machines capabilities
are balanced so that
materials are fed at one
end of the process and
finished products are
received at the other
end.
Advantages of Continious
Production
There is no rest period
between the
operations; work-in-
progress is at a
minimum.
Handling is reduce
Controlling is
simplified
Any weakness in
material or in methods
is immediately
highlighted.
Material required can
be planned accurately
Disadvantages of Continious
Production
The workers feel
boredom and frustrated
There is factor of low
morale among the
employee.
Fever of absenteeism
among the employee
Due to the factor of
boredom among the
employee poor quality in
the product might be
there.
Mass Production And Flow
Production
Also known as
repetitive production
Mass production is
associated with flow
lines or assembly lines
Flow lines describe
how product moves
from one work centre
to another.
Assembly describes
how mass production
is arranged.
 Mass Production And Flow
Production
Mass production produces
large volume of a standard
product for a mass market.
In mass production product
demand is stable and product
volume is high
In mass production goods are
manufactured either at a
single operation or a series of
continious manufacturing.
Examples are plastics goods,
radios, television, domestic
appliances etc.
Characteristics
Continious flow of
material
Special purpose
machines and plant
layout are used.
Relatively low skilled
labor is required.
Material handling is
less due to short
distance.
Manufacturing life
cycle is very short.
Supervision is easier.
Process Production
Process production
is characterized by
the manufacture of a
single product
produced
The flexibility of
such plants is almost
zero as only one
type of product can
be produced in the
plant
Examples are
refineries, petrol,
kerosene, and diesel
oil.
 Characteristics
Special purpose
machines and
equipments are used
Material handling is
highly mechanized
In this manufacturing
cycle time is almost
zero. The whole plant is
like one large machine
where materials are
entered at the one end.
Labor required is having
semi skilled workmen
and skilled technicians
are required
Supervision in this type
of production is high.
 Analytical Process
Here raw material is broken down
into different products.
GAS

Raw Material PETROL

Crude Oil Kerosene

Diesel
 Synthetic Process
It involves the mixing of two or more materials to
manufacture a product

Acid 1

Acid 2
Finished product ( Soap)
Acid 3

Acid 4

Acid5