PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

CHAPTER 11: LOCOMOTION AND SUPPORT

Multiple Choice Questions

For questions 1 to 36 each question is followed by four alternative answer, A,B,C or D. Choose
one correct answer for each question and blacken the corresponding space in your objective
answer.

11.1: Understanding Support And Locomotion In Human And Animal

1. Which of the following is a part of the appendicular skeleton of humans?

A vertebra
B pelvic girdle
C sacrum
D sternum

2. Diagram 11.1 below shows the longitudinal section of a hinge joint.What is the function
of the part labeled M?

DIAGRAM 11.1
A to give support
B to joint two bones together
C to connect muscles to bone
D to reduce friction between two bones

3. Which of the following statements is true concerning the humerus.

A one of the tendons of the bicep muscles are attached to it
B it forms a hinge joint with the scapula
C the joint between the humerus and ulna is a ball- and- socket
D it is the longest bone in the body

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4. The main function of the cervical vertebrae are to

A protect the internal organ
B allow movement at the neck
C provide surfaces for attachment of the abdominal muscles
D provide surfaces for articulation with the ribs

P - muscles contract to produce movement

Q - muscles act antagonistically
R - muscles act on a system of levers
S – muscles relax to cause movement

5 Of the statements, P,Q,R,S above which are involved in the bending of the knee ?
A P and Q only
B R and S only
C P,Q and R only
D Q, R and S only

6 Which of the following is true about tendon ?

I consist of non elastic fibres
II join muscles and bones
III strengthen the position between bones in a joint
IV its action is the same as the muscles
A I and II only
B III and IV only
C I,II and III only
D II,III and IV only

11.2: Appreciating A Healthy Musculoskeletal System

7 Which of the following diseases can affect a person’s support and movement ?
I Arthritis
II Diabetes mellitus
III Osteoporosis
IV muscular dystrophy
A I and III only
B II and IV only
C II and III only

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D I, III , IV only
8. Which of the following ways help in caring of the musculoskeletal system?
I practising safe exercise techniques
II following a balanced diet
III Use a proper attire for daily activities
IV Doing vigorous exercise daily
A I and III only
B II and IV only
C I, II and III only
D II, III and IV only

9. Bad posture can affect the following parts of the body

I vertebral column
II lungs
III stomach
IV muscles of the leg
A I and II only
B II and IV only
C I, II and III only
D I, II, III and IV only

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10.

DIAGRAM 11.2

Based on the diagram 11.2 above, what are the characteristics of a good posture when
sitting.
I The back and hips are bent forward
II The vertebral column is nearly parallel to the axis of the body
III The shoulder and the back are straight and perpendicular to the hips
IV The thigh is comfortable and relax on the chair
A I, III and IV only
B II, III and IV only
C I and IV only
D II and IV only

11.3: Understanding Support In Plants

11. Aquatic plants such as water hyacinth obtain support through

A xylem vessel
B air sacs
C tracheids
D woody stem

12 Terrestrial plants with woody stems are adapted for support through
A stronger stems
B xylem vessels and tracheids that are strengthened with lignin
C parenchyma cells with thickened walls
D larger leaves

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13 Which of the following is true about aerenchyma cell ?

A contain a large vacuole
B provide mechanical support for plants
C have large air spaces between the cells
D have thickened walls and is always turgid

14 Which of the following are adaptations of aquatics plants to float ?

I xylem tissues
II turgidity of cells
III aerenchyma tissues
IV large air spaces
A I and II only
B I and III only
C III and IV only
D II, III and IV only

15 Support in herbaceous plants is mainly provided by

I aerenchyma tissue
II collenchyma tissue
III turgidity of cells
IV xylem tissue
A I, II and III only
B I, III and IV only
C II, III and IV only
D I, II, III and IV

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Structured Items
Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in the question paper.

2.1: Understanding Support And Locomotion In Human And Animal

2.2: Appreciating A Healthy Musculoskeletal System

1. Diagram 11.3 below shows

the bones and muscles of a human arm.P, Q, R,S and T are the bones, and X and Y
are the muscles.

DIAGRAM 11.3
(a) Name the structure labelled P,Q,R and X
P : scapula
Q : humerus
R : ulna
X : triceps muscle
[2 marks]
(b) (i) Name the type of joint at bones?
P and Q : at P and Q is a ball and socket joint
Q and R : at Q and R is a hinge joint
[2 marks]
(ii) What is the different between the movement at joints between the bones P and
Q, compared to the bones Q and R ?
P and Q can move freely at more planes. Q and R can only move
at one plane
[1 mark]
(c ) (i ) Name the tissue that connects muscles to bones.

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tendon
[1 mark ]
(ii) State two physical characteristic for this tissues which enables it to function
appropriately.
It is not elastic. It is hard and tough
[2 marks]
(d) What is the term used to describe the relationship of X and Y in arm movement ?
Antagonistic/ antagonis
[1 mark]
(e ) What type of muscles do X and Y belong to ?
Skeletal muscles
[1 mark]
(f) What chemical substance that is collected in the muscles during vigorous activity which
can cause muscular exhaustion ?
lactic acid
[1 mark]
11.3: Understanding Support In Plants

2. Diagram 11.4(a) below shows the cross section of a Lily plant and diagram 11.4(b)
shows the cross section of a hibiscus plant.

11.4(a ) 11.4(b )

(i) State the differences of cells and tissues in diagram 11.4(a) and 11.4(b)
-The cells in 11.4(b) are tightly fitted together with no air spaces between them
whereas the cell in 11.4(a) are not fitted with air spaces between them.
-There is absence of vascular bundle in 11.4(a) whereas there is presence in
11.4(b).
-There is absence of wood tissues in 11.4(a) whereas there is presence in 11.4(b)
[ 3 marks]
(ii) State the importance of air sac in 11.4(a)
For buoyancy of the plant because the plant is an aquatic plant

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[2 marks]

(iii) Give three characteristic that help in the buoyancy of Lily plant
-The roots are embedded in the mud at the bottom of the stream or pond.
-A small amount of wood in the stem of the lily plant can resist the strain of the
pull of running water.
-In the petiole of the lily plant, the air spaces are so large, so that oxygen
absorbed and set free in photosynthesis are stored in the air spaces.
[3 marks]
(iv) Give three characteristic that help in the support of plant in diagram 1(b)
-Presence of woody tissues
-Presence of support tissues, that is collenchyma, sclerenchyma and xylem
-Turgidity of the support tisues
[ 3 marks]

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Essay Items

Answer all questions

2.1: Understanding Support And Locomotion In Humans And Animals
2.2: Appreciating A Healthy Musculoskeletal System

1
Appendicular skeleton consists of limbs of the body

(a) Draw a diagram to show the arrangement of bones in the forelimb. In your diagram
draw the position of ligament, muscle and tendon. [6 marks]

scapula
tendon

triceps
biceps
humerus
ligament

radius
ulna

DIAGRAM 11.5

Good posture is one way of maintaining a healthy musculoskeletal system .

(b) State the characteristic of a good posture when standing and lifting heavy object from
the floor. [4 marks] --When
standing, the head, body and limbs should be in a vertical lines,with the vertebral
column nearly parallel to the vertical axis.
-When lifting heavy objects, squat with the arms extended out straight to the
object but with the head and body straight .
-As the objects is being lifted up ,the thorax and abdomen should be straight and
upright .

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A bird can fly with its wings.

(c) Describe the mechanism of locomotion of a bird flying. [10 marks ]

-Birds fly either by flapping their wings or gliding.
-When the bird is moving its wing downwards, the pectoralis major which is large
and strong contracts.
-The air resistance produce as a result of moving the wings down provide on
upthrust on the wings.
-The thrust is transmitted from the wings to the coracoid until the sternum.
-As a result the whole body is lifted up.
-When gliding the wings act as an aerofoil.
-The flow of air above the wings is faster compare with the flow of air below the
wing.
-This results in a low pressure on the upper surface and a higher pressure on
lower surface,
-hence an upward thrust is produced below the wings to lift the bird up into the
air.

2.3 Understanding Support In Plants

2.
(a) Plants do not have skeletons but some plants can grow to more than 10 metres in
height . Explain how support is achieved in woody plants. [4 marks]
- Wood tissues are formed from the secondary xylem tissues.
-Xylem cells have thick cell walls and are hardened by lignin.
-Older xylem tissues are pushed inward to become wood tracheids have lignified
walls to give support.
-Schlerenchyma tissues has thick , lignified cellulose walls to give strength to
the plant.

(b) Aquatic plants such as water hyacinths are able to float in water. Explain the adaptation
found in aquatic plants. [10 marks]
-Absence of wood tissues, so that aquatic plants are lighter.
- Lot of air sacs in leaves, stems and roots to keep plant afloat.

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-Few vascular bundles concentrated in the middle of stem and root to prevent it
from breaking.
- It has aerenchyma tissue to keep the plant afloat.
- Leaves of submerged plants are fine and thin to enable the plant to bend and
wave with water currents.
-Xylem vessels are not lignified to enable the plant to bend.

(c ) Creepers cannot support their own weight. Explain briefly , with examples, how
creepers obtain support .
-Tendrils on the stem to twine around support for example, cucumber plant
-Tendrils at the end of leaf as in Gloriosa sp.
-Modified root to twine around support as in pepper plant.
-Shoot to twine around support as in morning glory
[6 marks]

END OF QUESTIONS

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