ABSTRACT

LOW POWER INVERTER

Inverters become a necessary device for a common man. Especially, in summer, the
power shortage is most. We overcome from the difficulties caused by power shortage by
using inverters. This project is an inverter designed for 45W load.

This project uses SG524 IC for SMPS control and LM339 to detect the over load,
inverter on, charging on and battery low conditions. CFL loads are used for this project, as
they consume low power and produce high intensity of lighting.

These inverters play vital role especially in rural areas. A rechargeable 12V battery is
used to store the energy during power availability. The backup time depends on the battery
ampere – hour rating. The battery used was chosen to make sure that the inverter runs for a
minimum time of an hour running a load of 45 watts. To run the load for a longer duration of
time all we need to do is increase the volt-ampere rating of the battery.

This project uses regulated 5V, 750mA power supply for microcontroller unit. 7805
three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier
is used to rectify the ac output of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer. The full wave
rectifier is used to couple the A.C. signal to the next stage where it is smoothened and then
rectified.

i
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TOPICS PAGE NO

1. INTRODUCTION 4

1. WHEN THE AC MAINS POWER SUPPLY IS AVAILABLE 4

2. WHEN THE AC MAINS POWER SUPPLY IS NOT AVAILABLE 4

2. LITERATURE SURVEY 5
1. NEED FOR A POWER INVERTER 5
2. NEED TO CONVERT FROM DC TO AC 5
3. MAKING DIRECT CURRENT ALTERNATE 6
4. CHOOSING DC TO AC POWER SUPPLY 7
1. PURE OR TRUE SINE WAVE INVERTERS 7
2. MODIFIED SINE WAVE INVERTERS 7
5. FEATURES ARE FOUND IN LARGER INVERTERS 9
6. OTHER USEFUL FEATURES 9
3. HARDWARE COMPONENTS 10
1. POWER SUPPLY MODULE 10
1. TRANSFORMER 10
2. RECTIFIER 11
3. FILTER 13
4. VOLTAGE REGULATOR 13
2. AT89S52 MICRO CONTROLLER 14
1. DESCRIPTION 14
2. BLOCK DIAGRAM 15
3. PIN DESCRIPTION 16
4. PROGRAMMING THE FLASH 18
4. SOFTWARE TOOLS 22
1. KEIL SOFTWARE 22
2. PROLOAD 24

ii
5. PROJECT DESIGN 26
1. BASICS OF INVERTER 26
2. WATTS PEAKS AND SURGES 31
3. BLOCK DIAGRAM 32
4. FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM 33
5. SWITCHING ELEMENT 33
6. CONCLUSION 35
7. REFERENCES 36

iii